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Iraci N, Tabarrini O, Santi C, Sancineto L. NCp7: targeting a multitask protein for next-generation anti-HIV drug development part 2. Noncovalent inhibitors and nucleic acid binders. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:687-695. [PMID: 29326078 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleocapsid protein 7 (NCp7) represents a viable target not yet reached by the currently available antiretrovirals. It is a small and highly basic protein, which is essential for multiple stages of the viral replicative cycle, with its structure preserved in all viral strains, including clinical isolates. NCp7 can be inhibited covalently, noncovalently and by shielding the nucleic acid (NA) substrates of its chaperone activity. Although covalent NCp7 inhibitors have already been detailed in the first part of this review series, the focus here is based on noncovalent and NA-binder inhibitors and on the analysis of the NCp7 3D structure to deliver fruitful insights for future drug design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Department of Heterorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromulecular Studies, Lodz, Poland.
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2
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Agarwal S, Tyagi G, Chadha D, Mehrotra R. Structural-conformational aspects of tRNA complexation with chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives: A molecular modeling and spectroscopic investigation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 166:1-11. [PMID: 27838504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives (CENUs) represent an important family of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, which are used in the treatment of different types of cancer such as brain tumors, resistant or relapsed Hodgkin's disease, small cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma. This work focuses towards understanding the interaction of chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives; lomustine, nimustine and semustine with tRNA using spectroscopic approach in order to elucidate their auxiliary anticancer action mechanism inside the cell. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy were employed to investigate the binding parameters of tRNA-CENUs complexation. Results of present study demonstrate that all CENUs, studied here, interact with tRNA through guanine nitrogenous base residues and possibly further crosslink cytosine residues in paired region of tRNA. Moreover, spectral data collected for nimustine-tRNA and semustine-tRNA complex formation indicates towards the groove-directed-alkylation as their anti-malignant action, which involves the participation of uracil moiety located in major groove of tRNA. Besides this, tRNA-CENUs adduct formation did not alter the native conformation of biopolymer and tRNA remains in A-form after its interaction with all three nitrosourea derivatives studied. The binding constants (Ka) estimated for tRNA complexation with lomustine, nimustine and semustine are 2.55×102M-1, 4.923×102M-1 and 4.223×102M-1 respectively, which specify weak type of CENU's binding with tRNA. Moreover, molecular modeling simulations were also performed to predict preferential binding orientation of CENUs with tRNA that corroborates well with spectral outcomes. The findings, presented here, recognize tRNA binding properties of CENUs that can further help in rational designing of more specific and efficient RNA targeted chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Agarwal
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gunjan Tyagi
- Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Deepti Chadha
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjana Mehrotra
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Campus, New Delhi 110012, India; Quantum Phenomena and Applications, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Blond A, Ennifar E, Tisné C, Micouin L. The design of RNA binders: targeting the HIV replication cycle as a case study. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1982-96. [PMID: 25100137 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication cycle is finely tuned with many important steps involving RNA-RNA or protein-RNA interactions, all of them being potential targets for the development of new antiviral compounds. This cycle can also be considered as a good benchmark for the evaluation of early-stage strategies aiming at designing drugs that bind to RNA, with the possibility to correlate in vitro activities with antiviral properties. In this review, we highlight different approaches developed to interfere with four important steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle: the early stage of reverse transcription, the transactivation of viral transcription, the nuclear export of partially spliced transcripts and the dimerization step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Blond
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris (France)
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Ramisetty SR, Baranger AM. Cooperative binding of a quinoline derivative to an RNA stem loop containing a dangling end. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3134-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Balenci D, D'Amelio N, Gaggelli E, Gaggelli N, Cellai L, Molteni E, Valensin G. Structural features of apramycin bound at the bacterial ribosome a site as detected by NMR and CD spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2010; 11:166-9. [PMID: 20024973 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duccio Balenci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Scheunemann AE, Graham WD, Vendeix FAP, Agris PF. Binding of aminoglycoside antibiotics to helix 69 of 23S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:3094-105. [PMID: 20110260 PMCID: PMC2875026 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides antibiotics negate dissociation and recycling of the bacterial ribosome’s subunits by binding to Helix 69 (H69) of 23S rRNA. The differential binding of various aminoglycosides to the chemically synthesized terminal domains of the Escherichia coli and human H69 has been characterized using spectroscopy, calorimetry and NMR. The unmodified E. coli H69 hairpin exhibited a significantly higher affinity for neomycin B and tobramycin than for paromomycin (Kds = 0.3 ± 0.1, 0.2 ± 0.2 and 5.4 ± 1.1 µM, respectively). The binding of streptomycin was too weak to assess. In contrast to the E. coli H69, the human 28S rRNA H69 had a considerable decrease in affinity for the antibiotics, an important validation of the bacterial target. The three conserved pseudouridine modifications (Ψ1911, Ψ1915, Ψ1917) occurring in the loop of the E. coli H69 affected the dissociation constant, but not the stoichiometry for the binding of paromomycin (Kd = 2.6 ± 0.1 µM). G1906 and G1921, observed by NMR spectrometry, figured predominantly in the aminoglycoside binding to H69. The higher affinity of the E. coli H69 for neomycin B and tobramycin, as compared to paromomycin and streptomycin, indicates differences in the efficacy of the aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Scheunemann
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7622, USA
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Warui DM, Baranger AM. Identification of Specific Small Molecule Ligands for Stem Loop 3 Ribonucleic Acid of the Packaging Signal Ψ of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5462-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900599v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M. Warui
- Department of Chemistry, 361 Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Anne M. Baranger
- Department of Chemistry, 361 Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Nucleotide's bilinear indices: novel bio-macromolecular descriptors for bioinformatics studies of nucleic acids. I. Prediction of paromomycin's affinity constant with HIV-1 Psi-RNA packaging region. J Theor Biol 2009; 259:229-41. [PMID: 19272394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new set of nucleotide-based bio-macromolecular descriptors are presented. This novel approach to bio-macromolecular design from a linear algebra point of view is relevant to nucleic acids quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies. These bio-macromolecular indices are based on the calculus of bilinear maps on Re(n)[b(mk)(x (m),y (m)):Re(n) x Re(n)-->Re] in canonical basis. Nucleic acid's bilinear indices are calculated from kth power of non-stochastic and stochastic nucleotide's graph-theoretic electronic-contact matrices, M(m)(k) and (s)M(m)(k), respectively. That is to say, the kth non-stochastic and stochastic nucleic acid's bilinear indices are calculated using M(m)(k) and (s)M(m)(k) as matrix operators of bilinear transformations. Moreover, biochemical information is codified by using different pair combinations of nucleotide-base properties as weightings (experimental molar absorption coefficient epsilon(260) at 260 nm and pH=7.0, first (Delta E(1)) and second (Delta E(2)) single excitation energies in eV, and first (f(1)) and second (f(2)) oscillator strength values (of the first singlet excitation energies) of the nucleotide DNA-RNA bases. As example of this approach, an interaction study of the antibiotic paromomycin with the packaging region of the HIV-1 Psi-RNA have been performed and it have been obtained several linear models in order to predict the interaction strength. The best linear model obtained by using non-stochastic bilinear indices explains about 91% of the variance of the experimental Log K (R=0.95 and s=0.08 x 10(-4)M(-1)) as long as the best stochastic bilinear indices-based equation account for 93% of the Log K variance (R=0.97 and s=0.07 x 10(-4)M(-1)). The leave-one-out (LOO) press statistics, evidenced high predictive ability of both models (q(2)=0.86 and s(cv)=0.09 x 10(-4)M(-1) for non-stochastic and q(2)=0.91 and s(cv)=0.08 x 10(-4)M(-1) for stochastic bilinear indices). The nucleic acid's bilinear indices-based models compared favorably with other nucleic acid's indices-based approaches reported nowadays. These models also permit the interpretation of the driving forces of the interaction process. In this sense, developed equations involve short-reaching (k<or=3), middle-reaching (4<k<9), and far-reaching (k=10 or greater) nucleotide's bilinear indices. This situation points to electronic and topologic nucleotide's backbone interactions control of the stability profile of paromomycin-RNA complexes. Consequently, the present approach represents a novel and rather promising way to theoretical-biology studies.
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Zhao P, Jin HW, Yang ZJ, Zhang LR, Zhang LH. Solid-phase synthesis and evaluation of TAR RNA targeted β-carboline–nucleoside conjugates. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3741-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b809598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tam VK, Kwong D, Tor Y. Fluorescent HIV-1 Dimerization Initiation Site: design, properties, and use for ligand discovery. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:3257-66. [PMID: 17319662 PMCID: PMC2525870 DOI: 10.1021/ja0675797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The HIV-1 Dimerization Initiation Site (DIS) is an intriguing, yet underutilized, viral RNA target for potential antiretroviral therapy. To study the recognition features of this target and to provide a quantitative, rapid, and real-time tool for the discovery of new binders, a fluorescence-based assay has been constructed. It relies on strategic incorporation of 2-aminopurine, an isosteric fluorescent adenosine analogue, into short hairpin RNA constructs. These oligomers self-associate to form a kissing loop that thermally rearranges into a more stable extended duplex, thereby mimicking the association and structural features of the native RNA sequence. We demonstrate the ability of two fluorescent DIS constructs, DIS272(2AP) and DIS273(2AP), to report the binding of known DIS binders via changes in their emission intensity. Binding of aminoglycosides such as paromomycin to DIS272(2AP) results in significant fluorescence enhancement, while ligand binding to DIS273(2AP) results in fluorescence quenching. These observations are rationalized by comparison to the sequence-analogous bacterial A-site, where the relative emission of the fluorescent probe is dependent on the placement of the flexible purine residues inside or outside the helical domain. Analysis of binding isotherms generated using DIS272(2AP) yields submicromolar EC50 values for paromomycin (0.5 +/- 0.2 microM) and neomycin B (0.6 +/- 0.2 microM). Other neomycin-family aminoglycosides are less potent binders with neamine, the core pharmacophore, displaying the lowest affinity of 21 +/- 1 microM. Screening of additional aminoglycosides and their derivatives led to the discovery of new, previously unreported, aminoglycoside binders of the HIV DIS RNA, among them butirosin A (5.5 +/- 0.6 microM) and apramycin (7.6 +/- 1.0 microM). A conformationally constrained neomycin B analogue displays a rather high affinity to the DIS (1.9 +/- 0.2 microM). Among a series of nucleobase aminoglycoside conjugates, only the uracil derivatives display a measurable affinity using this assay with EC50 values in the 2 microM range. In addition, similarity between the solution behavior of HIV-1 DIS and the bacterial decoding A-site has been observed, particularly with respect to the intra- and extra-helical residence of the conformationally flexible A residues within the bulge. Taken together, the observations reported here shed light on the solution behavior of this important RNA target and are likely to facilitate the design of new DIS selective ligands as potential antiretroviral agents.
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Turner KB, Hagan NA, Kohlway AS, Fabris D. Mapping noncovalent ligand binding to stemloop domains of the HIV-1 packaging signal by tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:1402-1411. [PMID: 16872834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The binding modes and structural determinants of the noncovalent complexes formed by aminoglycoside antibiotics with conserved domains of the HIV-1 packaging signal (Psi-RNA) were investigated using electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). The location of the aminoglycoside binding sites on the different stemloop structures was revealed by characteristic coverage gaps in the ion series obtained by sustained off-resonance irradiation collision induced dissociation (SORI-CID) of the antibiotic-RNA assemblies. The site positions were confirmed using mutants that eliminated salient structural features of the Psi-RNA domains. The effects of the mutations on the binding properties of the different substrates served to validate the position of the aminoglycoside site on the wild-type structures. Additional information was provided by docking experiments performed on the different aminoglycoside-stemloop complexes. The results have shown that, in the absence of features disrupting the regular A-helix of the double-stranded stem, aminoglycosides tend to bind in an area situated between the upper stem and the loop regions, as demonstrated for stemloop SL3. The presence of a tandem wobbles motif in SL4 modifies the regular geometry of the upper stem, which does not affect the general site location, but greatly increases its solution binding affinity compared with SL3. The platform motif in SL2 locates the binding site in the stem midsection and confers upon this stemloop an intermediate affinity toward aminoglycosides. In SL3 and SL4, the extensive overlap of the antibiotic site with the region used to bind the nucleocapsid (NC) protein provides the basis for a competition mechanism that could explain the aminoglycoside inhibition of the NC.SL3 and NC.SL4 assemblies. In contrast, the minimal overlap between the aminoglycoside and the NC sites in SL2 accounts for the absence of inhibition of the NC.SL2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100 Hilltop Circle, 21228, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan A Hagan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100 Hilltop Circle, 21228, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Kohlway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100 Hilltop Circle, 21228, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniele Fabris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 100 Hilltop Circle, 21228, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Turner KB, Hagan NA, Fabris D. Inhibitory effects of archetypical nucleic acid ligands on the interactions of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein with elements of Psi-RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:1305-16. [PMID: 16522643 PMCID: PMC1390681 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupting the interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid (NC) protein and structural elements of the packaging signal (Psi-RNA) could constitute an ideal strategy to inhibit the functions of this region of the genome leader in the virus life cycle. We have employed electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) to assess the ability of a series of nucleic acid ligands to bind selected structures of Psi-RNA and inhibit their specific interactions with NC in vitro. We found that the majority of the ligands included in the study were able to form stable non-covalent complexes with stem-loop 2, 3 and 4 (SL2-4), consistent with their characteristic nucleic acid binding modes. However, only aminoglycosidic antibiotics were capable of dissociating preformed NC*SL3 and NC*SL4 complexes, but not NC*SL2. The apparent specificity of these inhibitory effects is closely dependent on distinctive structural features of the different NC*RNA complexes. The trends observed for the IC50 values correlate very well with those provided by the ligand binding affinities and the dissociation constants of target NC*RNA complexes. This systematic investigation of archetypical nucleic acid ligands provides a valid framework to support the design of novel ligand inhibitors for HIV-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Nathan A. Hagan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
| | - Daniele Fabris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
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Ennifar E, Paillart JC, Bodlenner A, Walter P, Weibel JM, Aubertin AM, Pale P, Dumas P, Marquet R. Targeting the dimerization initiation site of HIV-1 RNA with aminoglycosides: from crystal to cell. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:2328-39. [PMID: 16679451 PMCID: PMC1458285 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The kissing-loop complex that initiates dimerization of genomic RNA is crucial for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We showed that owing to its strong similitude with the bacterial ribosomal A site it can be targeted by aminoglycosides. Here, we present its crystal structure in complex with neamine, ribostamycin, neomycin and lividomycin. These structures explain the specificity for 4,5-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine (DOS) derivatives and for subtype A and subtype F kissing-loop complexes, and provide a strong basis for rational drug design. As a consequence of the different topologies of the kissing-loop complex and the A site, these aminoglycosides establish more contacts with HIV-1 RNA than with 16S RNA. Together with biochemical experiments, they showed that while rings I, II and III confer binding specificity, rings IV and V are important for affinity. Binding of neomycin, paromomycin and lividomycin strongly stabilized the kissing-loop complex by bridging the two HIV-1 RNA molecules. Furthermore, in situ footprinting showed that the dimerization initiation site (DIS) of HIV-1 genomic RNA could be targeted by these aminoglycosides in infected cells and virions, demonstrating its accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ennifar
- UPR 9002 du CNRS conventionnée à l'Université Louis Pasteur, IBMC15 rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Paillart
- UPR 9002 du CNRS conventionnée à l'Université Louis Pasteur, IBMC15 rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Anne Bodlenner
- UMR 7123 CNRS—Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel4 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 1032/F, 67070, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Philippe Walter
- UPR 9002 du CNRS conventionnée à l'Université Louis Pasteur, IBMC15 rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc Weibel
- UMR 7123 CNRS—Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel4 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 1032/F, 67070, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Anne-Marie Aubertin
- UMR 544 INSERM—Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Virologie3 rue Koberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Pale
- UMR 7123 CNRS—Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel4 rue Blaise Pascal, BP 1032/F, 67070, Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Philippe Dumas
- UPR 9002 du CNRS conventionnée à l'Université Louis Pasteur, IBMC15 rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33388417002; Fax: +33388602218;
| | - Roland Marquet
- UPR 9002 du CNRS conventionnée à l'Université Louis Pasteur, IBMC15 rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg cedex, France
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Roland Marquet. Tel: +33388417054; Fax: +33388602218;
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González-Díaz H, Agüero-Chapin G, Varona-Santos J, Molina R, de la Riva G, Uriarte E. 2D RNA-QSAR: assigning ACC oxidase family membership with stochastic molecular descriptors; isolation and prediction of a sequence from Psidium guajava L. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2932-7. [PMID: 15878661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques for small molecules could be applied to nucleic acids. Unfortunately, almost all molecular descriptors are more successful at encoding branching information than sequences and/or cannot be back-projected. A solution for scaling the QSAR problem up to RNA may be to transform sequences into secondary structures first. Our group has used Markovian negentropies as molecular descriptors for drug design with preliminary results in bioinformatics [Bioinformatics 2003, 19, 2079]. However, RNA-QSAR studies on RNA molecules have not been described to date. Novel Markovian negentropies have been introduced here as molecular descriptors for 2D-RNA structures. An RNA-QSAR study of the ACC proteins from different plants has been carried out. The QSAR recognizes 19/20 sequences (95.0%) within the ACC family and 12/17 (70.6%) of the control group sequences. The model has a high Matthews' regression coefficient (C = 0.68). Overall cross-validation average accuracies were 14 out of 15 for ACC sequences (93.3%) and 10 out of 13 for control sequences (76.9%). Finally, ACC oxidase family membership was assigned to a new sequence isolated for the first time in this work from Psidium guajava L. A backprojection map for this sequence identifies the left stem (40%) and the main stem (45%) as highly important substructures. Results of an nBLAST experiment are consistent with this finding and indicate a high conservation score (>70) for left stem and main stem; whereas major loop, right stem, cap and major loop right half were hardly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto González-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Marrero Ponce Y, Castillo Garit JA, Nodarse D. Linear indices of the 'macromolecular graph's nucleotides adjacency matrix' as a promising approach for bioinformatics studies. Part 1: prediction of paromomycin's affinity constant with HIV-1 psi-RNA packaging region. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3397-404. [PMID: 15848751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The design of novel anti-HIV compounds has now become a crucial area for scientists around the world. In this paper a new set of macromolecular descriptors (that are calculated from the macromolecular graph's nucleotide adjacency matrix) of relevance to nucleic acid QSAR/QSPR studies, nucleic acids' linear indices. A study of the interaction of the antibiotic Paromomycin with the packaging region of the HIV-1 psi-RNA has been performed as example of this approach. A multiple linear regression model predicted the local binding affinity constants [Log K (10(-4) M(-1))] between a specific nucleotide and the aforementioned antibiotic. The linear model explains more than 87% of the variance of the experimental Log K (R = 0.93 and s = 0.102 x 10(-4) M(-1)) and leave-one-out press statistics evidenced its predictive ability (q2 = 0.82 and s(cv) = 0.108 x 10(-4) M(-1)). The comparison with other approaches (macromolecular quadratic indices, Markovian Negentropies and 'stochastic' spectral moments) reveals a good behavior of our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovani Marrero Ponce
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical-Pharmacy, Chemical Bioactive Center, Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba.
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Nucleic Acid Quadratic Indices of the “Macromolecular Graph’s Nucleotides Adjacency Matrix”. Modeling of Footprints after the Interaction of Paromomycin with the HIV-1 Ψ-RNA Packaging Region. Int J Mol Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.3390/i5110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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McPike MP, Goodisman J, Dabrowiak JC. Specificity of neomycin analogues bound to the packaging region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:1835-43. [PMID: 15051052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2003] [Revised: 01/28/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The packaging region of HIV-1 RNA contains a number of structural features which are important in the life cycle of the virus, making this segment of RNA a potential target for new types of AIDS-directed drugs. We studied the binding of three neomycin analogues (neo-guanidino, neo-acridine, and neo-neo) to a 171-mer RNA molecule from the packaging region of HIV-1 using quantitative footprinting and circular dichroism. Neo-guanidino produced footprinting patterns and effects on the CD similar to those observed for neomycin and paromomycin, indicating that all three compounds bind to the same regions of the 171-mer. Neo-guanidino binds to SL 1 where it joins the large internal loop, near a bulge in the stem of SL 1, and on SL 2. Neo-acridine, which has an acridine attached to neomycin, and neo-neo, which has two neomycins linked by a flexible tether, bind bivalently, and give very different footprinting and CD results from the other compounds. The neomycin portion of neo-acridine binds to the same sites as neomycin, while the attached acridine group appears to bind to a duplex region in the main stem of the folded 171-mer. Since the footprinting data for this analogue show few enhancements, bivalent binding of neo-acridine appears to stabilize the folded structure of RNA by effectively 'stapling' parts of the structure together. Neo-neo induces significant structural changes in RNA where neomycin binds. This may be related to the inability of both neomycins of neo-neo it find optimal binding sites adjacent to one another without changing RNA structure. The intensity of a strong negative CD band in the spectrum of psi-RNA at 208 nm is sensitive to drug-induced changes in RNA structure. Neo-guanidino and neo-neo (also neomycin and paromomycin), which change RNA structure, cause an increase in intensity while neo-acridine, which induces little distortion to RNA, causes a decrease in intensity. Molecular modeling analysis shows that C-5' of ribose of neo-acridine and neo-neo must be directed away from the binding pocket when these analogues are bivalently bound to RNA. This study showed how variations in the structure of aminoglycosides lead to different binding specificity to part of the packaging region of HIV-1. Such knowledge will be important in design of drugs to target this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P McPike
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, R 1-014, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, USA
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McPike MP, Sullivan JM, Goodisman J, Dabrowiak JC. Footprinting, circular dichroism and UV melting studies on neomycin B binding to the packaging region of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:2825-31. [PMID: 12087166 PMCID: PMC117057 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkf402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the binding of neomycin to a 171mer RNA (psi-RNA) from the packaging region of the LAI strain of human immunodeficiency virus type-1, HIV-1 (LAI). The RNase I footprinting studies reveal that the primary binding site for the drug is in stem-loop 1, which contains the dimer initiation site of HIV-1. Loading this site with neomycin causes a structural change in the RNA, allowing nucleotides in the neighboring stem-loop 2 to participate in the drug site. Drug binding to secondary sites induces structural changes in other stem-loops of the RNA. Footprinting plots, showing cutting at a site as a function of drug concentration, were analyzed using a two-state model to obtain relative site-specific binding constants. Circular dichroism measurements show that neomycin binding to psi-RNA changes the intensity of the strong negative CD band at 208 nm, confirming that neomycin induces structural changes. Melting studies of the RNA showed melting transitions in the absence of drug at 28.2, 37.2, 47.4, 55.5 and 60.8 degrees C. Only the first two were affected by drug binding, the reason for this being explained by our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P McPike
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Science and Technology, Room 1-014, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-4100, USA
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