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Li Z, Peng Y, Yang H, Li N, Huang X. Simulation and experimental studies of debris penetrating skull. J Biomech 2023; 151:111551. [PMID: 36947999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Studying the critical kinetic energy (CKE) and critical specific kinetic energy (CSKE) of the debris penetrating the human skull is of great importance for the development of head protection devices. In general, obtaining human skull specimens and conducting direct penetration experiments is difficult. Finite element simulation, on the other hand, is an effective method for determining critical values. However, it is necessary to validate the modeling and simulation method before conducting simulations on the human skull. To validate the method, this study first established a finite element model of a pig skull and performed simulations of debris penetrating the skull. The modeling and simulation methods were verified by comparing the corresponding penetration experimental results on pig skulls with those of the simulations. As the modeling and simulation methods were indirectly validated, an anatomical human skull finite element model was developed to conduct simulations of spherical and cubic debris penetrating the skull to iteratively obtain the CKE and CSKE of the two pieces of debris. Finally, the influence of different attitudes of cubic debris on the penetration energy of the human skull was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Peng
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Radiology Department, Xiangya 3rd Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiancong Huang
- Research Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China
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Teixeira Costa S, Rodrigues Freire A, Ferreira-Pileggi BC, Daruge Júnior E, Bevilacqua Prado F, Rossi AC. Finite element analysis dynamic simulation of projectile impact caliber .40 S&W in temporal bone with neural tissue. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2022.2149857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sárah Teixeira Costa
- Department of Biosciences, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Freire
- Department of Biosciences, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Daruge Júnior
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Forensic Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Felippe Bevilacqua Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossi
- Department of Biosciences, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
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Costa ST, Freire AR, Rossi AC, Daruge Júnior E, Prado FB. Systematic review of finite element analysis utilisation in craniofacial gunshot wounds. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2016.1188984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Teixeira Costa
- Department of Social Odontology, Legal Odontology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Freire
- Department of Morphology, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossi
- Department of Morphology, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Daruge Júnior
- Department of Social Odontology, Legal Odontology Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Felippe Bevilacqua Prado
- Department of Morphology, Anatomy Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Karimi A, Razaghi R, Navidbakhsh M, Sera T, Kudo S. Dynamic finite element simulation of the gunshot injury to the human forehead protected by polyvinyl alcohol sponge. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:74. [PMID: 26886822 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although there are some traditional models of the gunshot wounds, there is still a need for more modeling analyses due to the difficulties related to the gunshot wounds to the forehead region of the human skull. In this study, the degree of damage as a consequence of penetrating head injuries due to gunshot wounds was determined using a preliminary finite element (FE) model of the human skull. In addition, the role of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge, which can be used as an alternative to reinforce the kinetic energy absorption capacity of bulletproof vest and helmet materials, to minimize the amount of skull injury due to penetrating processes was investigated through the FE model. Digital computed tomography along with magnetic resonance imaging data of the human head were employed to launch a three-dimensional (3D) FE model of the skull. Two geometrical shapes of projectiles (steel ball and bullet) were simulated for penetrating with an initial impact velocity of 734 m/s using nonlinear dynamic modeling code, namely LS-DYNA. The role of the damaged/distorted elements were removed during computation when the stress or strain reached their thresholds. The stress distributions in various parts of the forehead and sponge after injury were also computed. The results revealed the same amount of stress for both the steel ball and bullet after hitting the skull. The modeling results also indicated the time that steel ball takes to penetrate into the skull is lower than that of the bullet. In addition, more than 21% of the steel ball's kinetic energy was absorbed by the PVA sponge and, subsequently, injury sternness of the forehead was considerably minimized. The findings advise the application of the PVA sponge as a substitute strengthening material to be able to diminish the energy of impact as well as the load transmitted to the object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Reza Razaghi
- Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Navidbakhsh
- Tissue Engineering and Biological Systems Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toshihiro Sera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Susumu Kudo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Das R, Collins A, Verma A, Fernandez J, Taylor M. Evaluating simulant materials for understanding cranial backspatter from a ballistic projectile. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60:627-37. [PMID: 25739515 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In cranial wounds resulting from a gunshot, the study of backspatter patterns can provide information about the actual incidents by linking material to surrounding objects. This study investigates the physics of backspatter from a high-speed projectile impact and evaluates a range of simulant materials using impact tests. Next, we evaluate a mesh-free method called smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to model the splashing mechanism during backspatter. The study has shown that a projectile impact causes fragmentation at the impact site, while transferring momentum to fragmented particles. The particles travel along the path of least resistance, leading to partial material movement in the reverse direction of the projectile motion causing backspatter. Medium-density fiberboard is a better simulant for a human skull than polycarbonate, and lorica leather is a better simulant for a human skin than natural rubber. SPH is an effective numerical method for modeling the high-speed impact fracture and fragmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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Stefanopoulos P, Soupiou O, Pazarakiotis V, Filippakis K. Wound ballistics of firearm-related injuries—Part 2: Mechanisms of skeletal injury and characteristics of maxillofacial ballistic trauma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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