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Nazari S, Vaezi A, Mossavarali S, Ghanavati K, Shafiee A. Cardiovascular anomalies in patients with Tessier syndrome: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:73-82. [PMID: 37924347 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Tessier clefts are skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities of a neonate's facial structures. They could be classified as syndromic and non-syndromic clefts, which can be attributed to disruptions in fetal development and genetic mutations, respectively. Reported cases of these clefts typically document the presence of additional abnormalities associated with these clefts. In this systematic review, we analyzed reports of Tessier clefts accompanied by cardiovascular anomalies, as one of the commonly encountered anomalies. We systematically searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. We selected and included case reports, case series, and case reviews on patients with Tessier cleft and cardiovascular anomalies. The critical appraisal of the included studies was performed by two independent investigators using the Consensus-based Clinical Case Reporting Guideline Development (CARE) checklist. Overall, 20 reports (18 case reports and 2 case series) were eligible for inclusion in this review. Tessier clefts 3 and 30 were the most commonly observed. In addition, the most prevalent cardiovascular anomalies consisted of the ventricular septal defect (VSD), double-outlet right ventricle, and atrial septal defect (ASD). Most of the patients received cosmetic and cardiovascular surgeries. However, some were not proper candidates for cardiovascular surgery because of their unstable condition and therefore did not survive. Conclusion: Regardless of the focus placed on the cleft and subsequent plastic surgery procedures in these cases, it is important to prioritize other abnormalities that may be associated with mortality. A complete cardiovascular system and associated disorders assessment should be performed before facial cosmetic surgeries. What is Known: • Tessier clefts are congenital defects in the soft tissues and bones of the face and like many other congenital defects, they are accompanied by defects in other parts of the body. • In the current literature, the emphasis is on clefts and the cosmetic issues rather than the coinciding defects, particularly cardiovascular anomalies. What is New: • Review the cardiovascular anomalies that are commonly encountered in patients with Tessier clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Nazari
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Vaezi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shervin Mossavarali
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Ghanavati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Shafiee
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Tehran Heart Center, North Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1411713138, Iran.
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Liu W, Ma L, Zhang S, Zhao T. Clinical Correction of Complete Median Cleft of the Mandible and Lower Lip: A 17-Year Follow-Up of a Case Report With Literature Review. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 58:1577-1584. [PMID: 33678058 DOI: 10.1177/1055665621990170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The median cleft of the mandible and lower lip is an extremely rare congenital maxillofacial deformity, and the therapeutic options are controversial. To evaluate the clinical characteristics and identify a better choice of treatment modes used among us and others, we reviewed 34 relevant literature and herein describe a 17-year follow-up of a case with a median cleft of the mandible and lower lip. Based on the literature and our case with good functional and aesthetical outcomes, we propose a prospective clinical treatment: Patients of Tessier 30 cleft associated with cleft of the mandible could undergo mandibular repair after puberty in conditions of a good occlusal relationship and normal maxillofacial development, even with mild masticatory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shizhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tengda Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Ali AAA. Tessier Number 30 Median Mandibular Cleft With Congenital Heart Anomalies in Qena, Egypt. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 56:265-272. [DOI: 10.1177/1055665618775730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Median cleft deformities of the lower lip and mandible are very rare congenital anomalies. Our patient had median cleft of the lower lip, mandible, and the chin with tongue duplication, ankyloglossia, and cleft strap muscles with 2 neck contracture bands. This anomaly was associated with congenital heart disease transposition of great vessels, large ventricular septal defect, and severe pulmonary stenosis. Early repair was done at 6 months to improve feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali Abdelrahim Ali
- Plastic, Burn and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Mahajan S, Patel PK, Duan Y, Warshawsky N. The Median Mandibular Symphysis Tessier 30 Cleft:. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 55:778-786. [DOI: 10.1177/1055665618756073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical craniofacial clefts of the upper facial region have been well documented; however, the mandibular clefts remain rare and reported as isolated case reports. We report a case of a median mandibular cleft within the context of a Tessier 0-14 axis that we have followed over a 5-year period without surgical/orthodontic intervention. The mandibular symphysis cleft remained open without evidence of the fusion, in contrast to ossification of the metopic dysraphism. Within this context, we present a review of the median mandibular cleft cases from 1819 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Mahajan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, The Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pravin K. Patel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, The Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yao Duan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, The Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Neil Warshawsky
- Department of Orthodontics, The Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Tessier 30 symphyseal mandibular cleft: Early simultaneous soft and hard tissue correction – A case report. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2013; 41:735-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Jakobsen LP, Pfeiffer P, Andersen M, Eiberg H, Hansen L, Mang Y, Bak M, Møller RS, Klitten LL, Tommerup N. Genetic studies in congenital anterior midline cervical cleft. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2021-6. [PMID: 22786797 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anterior midline cervical cleft (CAMCC) is a rare anomaly, with less than 100 cases reported. The cause of CAMCC is unknown, but genetic factors must be considered as part of the etiology. Three cases of CAMCC are presented. This is the first genetic study of isolated CAMCC. Conventional cytogenetics, array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and whole exome sequencing were performed, including a search of relevant syndromes in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. Array CGH indicated a loss of the PAPPA gene in one of the patients, while exome sequencing showed a mutation in SIX5 in another patient. Both aberrations were inherited from unaffected parents. These results most likely imply that the identified mutations are not disease-causing, although they may be contributing factors if CAMCC has a polygenic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Jakobsen
- Department of Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery and Burns Unit, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Seyhan T, Kýlýnr H. Median cleft of the lower lip: report of two new cases and review of the literature. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 111:217-21. [PMID: 11913681 DOI: 10.1177/000348940211100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Median clefts of the lower lip and mandible are rare craniofacial clefts. Couronné in 1819 was the first to describe the condition. The midline cleft of the lower lip was classified by Tessier as a type 30 craniofacial cleft. Recently, the total number of the reported cases had increased to about 66 in the world literature. In addition, 2 more patients are presented here. The first case involves only a small notch in the vermilion; the deformity was treated by Z-plasty. In the second case, a midline incomplete cleft of the lower lip, a sublingual abnormal frenulum, a complete cleft in the mandible, a bifid sternum, a presternal skin tag, and a ventricular septal defect in the heart were present. At operation, Z-plasty of the lingual frenulum released the normal-sized tongue. The lip cleft was corrected by a simple V excision followed by closure in 3 layers. The mandibular segments were "vitalized" with a bone rongeur and immobilized in the predetermined position with an interosseous stainless steel wire. Because the bone fusion was complete, the stainless steel wire was taken out after 3 months so that it would not prevent mandibular development. Our treatment methods and others are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Seyhan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ankara Numune Hospital, Turkey
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Abstract
One-year-old female presented with cleft of lower lip, mandible, fissured tongue, absent hyoid bone, cleft of manubrium sterni, later is detected clinically by suprasternal bulge at suprasternal region while crying. It is radiologically detected by wide apart medial end of clavicle. This is extremely rare anomaly known as Tassier Cleft no 30.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verma
- Swapnil Nursing Home Research Center, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Oostrom CA, Vermeij-Keers C, Gilbert PM, van der Meulen JC. Median cleft of the lower lip and mandible: case reports, a new embryologic hypothesis, and subdivision. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996; 97:313-20. [PMID: 8559813 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199602000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Median clefts of the lower lip and mandible are rare. In the literature so far, about 62 cases have been described. In addition, three more patients are presented here. These cases show a broad variation in the severity of this deformity, ranging from a simple notch in the vermillion to a complete cleft of the lip involving the tongue, the chin, the mandible, the supporting structures of the median of the neck, and the manubrium sterni. Several hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of median clefts of the lip and mandible have been proposed. Most authors consider it to be a failure of fusion of the first pair of branchial arches or failure of mesodermal penetration into the midline. From our embryologic point of view, however, instead of paired branchial arches, only one first branchial arch develops during the early embryonic period (< or = 17 mm crown-rump length). Within this first branchial arch, two mandibular processes grow out, separated by a groove in the median. These mandibular processes do not fuse but merge during the late embryonic period (> or = 17 mm to < or = 60 mm crown-rump length). In the same developmental period, there is formation of the lip and the alveolar process and the anlage and outgrowth of one membrane bone center in each mandibular process, resulting in the formation of the mandible with its symphysis. As a consequence of the preceding, we propose the following subdivision of the median clefts of the lip and/or mandible: Hypoplasia of the mandibular processes during the early embryonic period will lead to the severest cleft of the mandible extending into the neck. During the late embryonic period, the less severe median clefts will develop. Disturbances of the outgrowth of bone centers of the mandible, resulting in nonformation of its symphysis, cause clefting of the mandible with involvement of all related soft tissues. Defects in the merging process produce just a notch of the vermilion or a higher cleft of the lower lip with or without involvement of the alveolar process of the mandible. In conclusion, the variety of the clefts in the median of the lower lip and/or mandible as well as the low rate of incidence can be explained by the embryologic hypothesis proposed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Oostrom
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Sophia/Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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