1
|
Xi CR, Di Fazio A, Nadvi NA, Patel K, Xiang MSW, Zhang HE, Deshpande C, Low JKK, Wang XT, Chen Y, McMillan CLD, Isaacs A, Osborne B, Vieira de Ribeiro AJ, McCaughan GW, Mackay JP, Church WB, Gorrell MD. A Novel Purification Procedure for Active Recombinant Human DPP4 and the Inability of DPP4 to Bind SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225392. [PMID: 33218025 PMCID: PMC7698748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases catalyse irreversible posttranslational modifications that often alter a biological function of the substrate. The protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a pharmacological target in type 2 diabetes therapy primarily because it inactivates glucagon-like protein-1. DPP4 also has roles in steatosis, insulin resistance, cancers and inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. In addition, DPP4 binds to the spike protein of the MERS virus, causing it to be the human cell surface receptor for that virus. DPP4 has been identified as a potential binding target of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, so this question requires experimental investigation. Understanding protein structure and function requires reliable protocols for production and purification. We developed such strategies for baculovirus generated soluble recombinant human DPP4 (residues 29–766) produced in insect cells. Purification used differential ammonium sulphate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, dye affinity chromatography in series with immobilised metal affinity chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. The binding affinities of DPP4 to the SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were measured using surface plasmon resonance and ELISA. This optimised DPP4 purification procedure yielded 1 to 1.8 mg of pure fully active soluble DPP4 protein per litre of insect cell culture with specific activity >30 U/mg, indicative of high purity. No specific binding between DPP4 and CoV-2 spike protein was detected by surface plasmon resonance or ELISA. In summary, a procedure for high purity high yield soluble human DPP4 was achieved and used to show that, unlike MERS, SARS-CoV-2 does not bind human DPP4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecy R Xi
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Arianna Di Fazio
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed Nadvi
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
- Research Portfolio Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Karishma Patel
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (C.D.); (J.K.K.L.)
| | - Michelle Sui Wen Xiang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Hui Emma Zhang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Chandrika Deshpande
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (C.D.); (J.K.K.L.)
- Drug Discovery, Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Jason K K Low
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (C.D.); (J.K.K.L.)
| | - Xiaonan Trixie Wang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Yiqian Chen
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Brenna Osborne
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Ana Júlia Vieira de Ribeiro
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
- AW Morrow GE & Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Joel P Mackay
- Drug Discovery, Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - W Bret Church
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (C.R.X.); (A.D.F.); (N.A.N.); (M.S.W.X.); (H.E.Z.); (X.T.W.); (Y.C.); (B.O.); (A.J.V.d.R.); (G.W.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9565-6156; Fax: +61-2-9565-6101
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tereshchenkova VF, Klyachko EV, Benevolensky SV, Belozersky MA, Dunaevsky YE, Filippova IY, Elpidina EN. Preparation and Purification of Recombinant Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 from Tenebrio molitor. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
3
|
AYTEKİN Ö, DELİLOĞLU GÜRHAN Sİ, OHURA K, IMAI T, ÖNGEN G. Production of recombinant human dipeptidyl peptidase IV from Sf9cells in microbial fermenters. Turk J Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
4
|
Gong Q, Rajagopalan S, Zhong J. Dpp4 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in cardiometabolic disease: Incretin-dependent and -independent function. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:170-9. [PMID: 26142202 PMCID: PMC7114201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are among the most severe health problems worldwide. DPP4 enzymatic inhibitors were first developed as anti-diabetic reagents which preserve incretin hormones and promote post-prandial insulin secretion. It's been shown in animal studies that incretin-based therapy has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease. Recent studies demonstrated novel non-catalytic functions of DPP4 that may play a role in cardiometabolic disease. Although the role of DPP4 inhibition-mediated incretin effects has been well-reviewed, little information of its incretin-independent actions was introduced in cardiometabolic disease. In the current review, we will summarize the catalytic dependent and independent effects of DPP4 inhibition on cardiometabolic disease. Discuss the findings from recent large scale clinical trials (EXAMINE and SAVOR-TIMI 53) Summarize the catalytic dependent and independent effects of DPP4 inhibition on cardiometabolic disease Focus on recent evidence linking DPP4 inhibition therapy with cardiovascular disease Provide mechanistic insights into the cardiovascular effect of DPP4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, PR China
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, PR China; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Su M, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang L, Ji X, Li J, Li J, Liu H. ( R )-3-Amino-1-((3a S ,7a S )-octahydro-1 H -indol-1-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one derivatives as potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6684-6693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
6
|
Ji X, Xia C, Wang J, Su M, Zhang L, Dong T, Li Z, Wan X, Li J, Li J, Zhao L, Gao Z, Jiang H, Liu H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile and octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:242-56. [PMID: 25164763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Based on the previous work in our group and the principle of computer-aided drug design, a series of novel β-amino pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives was designed and synthesized. Compounds 8l and 9l were efficacious and selective DPP4 inhibitors resulting in decreased blood glucose in vivo. Compound 8l had moderate DPP4 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.05 μM) and good oral bioavailability (F = 53.2%). Compound 9l showed excellent DPP4 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.01 μM), good selectivity (selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 898.00; DPP9/DPP4 = 566.00) against related peptidases, and good efficacy in an oral glucose tolerance tests in ICR mice and moderate PK profiles (F = 22.8%, t1/2 = 2.74 h). Moreover, compound 9l did not block hERG channel and exhibited no inhibition of liver metabolic enzymes such as CYP2C9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; East China of Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ji X, Su M, Wang J, Deng G, Deng S, Li Z, Tang C, Li J, Li J, Zhao L, Jiang H, Liu H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hetero-aromatic moieties substituted pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:111-22. [PMID: 24531224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel hetero-aromatic moieties substituted α-amino pyrrole-2-carbonitrile derivatives was designed and synthesized based on structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrrole-2-carbonitrile inhibitors. All compounds demonstrated good dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitory activities (IC50 = 0.004-113.6 μM). Moreover, compounds 6h (IC50 = 0.004 μM) and 6n (IC50 = 0.01 μM) showed excellent inhibitory activities against DPP4, good selectivity (compound 6h, selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 450.0; DPP9/DPP4 = 375.0; compound 6n, selective ratio: DPP8/DPP4 = 470.0; DPP9/DPP4 = 750.0) and good efficacy in an oral glucose tolerance test in ICR mice. Furthermore, compounds 6h and 6n demonstrated moderate PK properties (compound 6h, F% = 37.8%, t1/2 = 1.45 h; compound 6n, F% = 16.8%, t1/2 = 3.64 h).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Mingbo Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; East China of Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Jiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Sisi Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Chunlan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wen Hua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monitoring of the effects of transfection with baculovirus on Sf9 cell line and expression of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:159-68. [PMID: 23715645 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dipeptidylpeptidase IV (hDPPIV) is an enzyme that is in hydrolase class and has various roles in different parts of human body. Its deficiency may cause some disorders in the gastrointestinal, neurologic, endocrinological and immunological systems of humans. In the present study, hDPPIV enzyme was expressed on Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell lines as a host cell, and the expression of hDPPIV was obtained by a baculoviral expression system. The enzyme production, optimum multiplicity of infection, optimum transfection time, infected and uninfected cell size and cell behavior during transfection were also determined. For maximum hDPPIV (269 mU mL(-1)) enzyme, optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) and time were 0.1 and 72 h, respectively. The size of infected cells increased significantly (P < 0.001) after 24 h post infection. The results indicated that Sf9 cell line was applicable to the large scale for hDPPIV expression by using optimized parameters (infection time and MOI) because of its high productivity (4.03 mU m L(-1) h(-1)).
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang L, Su M, Li J, Ji X, Wang J, Li Z, Li J, Liu H. Design, Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Docking Studies of 1-(γ-1,2,3-Triazol Substituted Prolyl)-(S)-3,3-Difluoropyrrolidines as a Novel Series of Potent and Selective Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 81:198-207. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Molecular mechanism and structural basis of interactions of dipeptidyl peptidase IV with adenosine deaminase and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transcription transactivator. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 91:265-73. [PMID: 21856036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV or CD26) is a multifunctional membrane glycoprotein. As an exopeptidase it regulates the activity of a series of biologically important peptides. Through its interaction with specific proteins and peptides, DPPIV is also involved in a wide range of biologically relevant processes such as cell adhesion, T cell activation and apoptosis. In this paper, we review our recent studies on the interactions of DPPIV with adenosine deaminase (ADA) and the transcription transactivator of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1 Tat) as revealed by three-dimensional structure reconstructed by single particle analysis of cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and crystal structures of the human DPPIV-bovine ADA complex as well as the crystal structures of DPPIV in complex with HIV-1 Tat-derived nonapeptides. These results contribute importantly to the clarification of the molecular mechanisms of this multifunctional protein. The biological relevance of these interactions is discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pascual I, Gómez H, Pons T, Chappé M, Vargas MA, Valdés G, Lopéz A, Saroyán A, Charli JL, de los Angeles Chávez M. Effect of divalent cations on the porcine kidney cortex membrane-bound form of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:363-71. [PMID: 21093607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is an ectopeptidase with multiple physiological roles including the degradation of incretins, and a target of therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Divalent cations can inhibit its activity, but there has been little effort to understand how they act. The intact membrane-bound form of porcine kidney dipeptidyl peptidase IV was purified by a simple and fast procedure. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide with an average V(max) of 1.397±0.003 μmol min(-1) mL(-1), k(cat) of 145.0±1.2 s(-1), K(M) of 0.138±0.005 mM and k(cat)/K(M) of 1050 mM(-1) s(-1). The enzyme was inhibited by bacitracin, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV family inhibitor L-threo-Ile-thiazolidide (K(i) 70 nM). The enzyme was inhibited by the divalent ions Ca(2+), Co(2+), Cd(2+), Hg(2+) and Zn(2+), following kinetic mechanisms of mixed inhibition, with K(i) values of 2.04×10(-1), 2.28×10(-2), 4.21×10(-4), 8.00×10(-5) and 2.95×10(-5) M, respectively. According to bioinformatic tools, Ca(2+) ions preferentially bound to the β-propeller domain of the porcine enzyme, while Zn(2+) ions to the α-β hydrolase domain; the binding sites were strikingly conserved in the human enzyme and other homologues. The functional characterization indicates that porcine and human homologues have very similar functional properties. Knowledge about the mechanisms of action of divalent cations may facilitate the design of new inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isel Pascual
- Centro de Estudios de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, Calle 25 No. 455, Vedado, La Habana 10400, Cuba.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tansi FL, Blanchard V, Berger M, Tauber R, Reutter W, Fan H. Interaction of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transcription transactivator in Sf9 cells. Virol J 2010; 7:267. [PMID: 20942971 PMCID: PMC2967539 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) also known as the T cell activation marker CD26 is a multifunctional protein which is involved in various biological processes. The association of human-DPPIV with components of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV1) is well documented and raised some discussions. Several reports implicated the interaction of human-DPPIV with the HIV1 transcription transactivator protein (HIV1-Tat) and the inhibition of the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of DPPIV by the HIV1-Tat protein. Furthermore, enzyme kinetic data implied another binding site for the HIV1-Tat other than the active centre of DPPIV. However, the biological significance of this interaction of the HIV1-Tat protein and human-DPPIV has not been studied, yet. Therefore, we focused on the interaction of HIV1-Tat protein with DPPIV and investigated the subsequent biological consequences of this interaction in Spodoptera frugiperda cells, using the BAC-TO-BAC baculovirus system. Results The HIV1-Tat protein (Tat-BRU) co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated with human-DPPIV protein, following co-expression in the baculovirus-driven Sf9 cell expression system. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of DPPIV protein was up-regulated in Tat/DPPIV-co-expressing cells after 72 h culturing and also in DPPIV-expressing Sf9 cells after application of purified recombinant Tat protein. As opposed to the expression of Tat alone, serine phosphorylation of the Tat protein was decreased when co-expressed with human-DPPIV protein. Conclusions We show for the first time that human-DPPIV and HIV1-Tat co-immunoprecipitate. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the interaction of HIV1-Tat and human-DPPIV may be involved in signalling platforms that regulate the biological function of both human-DPPIV and HIV1-Tat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felista L Tansi
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen X. Biochemical properties of recombinant prolyl dipeptidases DPP-IV and DPP8. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 575:27-32. [PMID: 16700505 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-32824-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Division of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan 350, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Weihofen WA, Liu J, Reutter W, Saenger W, Fan H. Crystal Structures of HIV-1 Tat-derived Nonapeptides Tat-(1–9) and Trp2-Tat-(1–9) Bound to the Active Site of Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26). J Biol Chem 2005; 280:14911-7. [PMID: 15695814 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413400200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD26 or dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV) is engaged in immune functions by co-stimulatory effects on activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes, binding to adenosine deaminase, and regulation of various chemokines and cytokines. DPPIV peptidase activity is inhibited by both Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and its N-terminal nonapeptide Tat-(1-9) with amino acid sequence MDPVDPNIE, suggesting that DPPIV mediates immunosuppressive effects of Tat protein. The 2.0- and 3.15-A resolution crystal structures of the binary complex between human DPPIV and nonapeptide Tat-(1-9) and the ternary complex between the variant MWPVDPNIE, called Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9), and DPPIV bound to adenosine deaminase show that Tat-(1-9) and Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9) are located in the active site of DPPIV. The interaction pattern of DPPIV with Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9) is tighter than that with Tat-(1-9), in agreement with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 2 x 10(-6) and 250 x 10(-6) m, respectively. Both peptides cannot be cleaved by DPPIV because the binding pockets of the N-terminal 2 residues are interchanged compared with natural substrates: the N-terminal methionine occupies the hydrophobic S1 pocket of DPPIV that normally accounts for substrate specificity by binding the penultimate residue. Because the N-terminal sequence of the thromboxane A2 receptor resembles the Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9) peptide, a possible interaction with DPPIV is postulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Andreas Weihofen
- Institut für Chemie/Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aertgeerts K, Ye S, Shi L, Prasad SG, Witmer D, Chi E, Sang BC, Wijnands RA, Webb DR, Swanson RV. N-linked glycosylation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26): effects on enzyme activity, homodimer formation, and adenosine deaminase binding. Protein Sci 2004; 13:145-54. [PMID: 14691230 PMCID: PMC2286525 DOI: 10.1110/ps.03352504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The type II transmembrane serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), also known as CD26 or adenosine deaminase binding protein, is a major regulator of various physiological processes, including immune, inflammatory, nervous, and endocrine functions. It has been generally accepted that glycosylation of DPPIV and of other transmembrane dipeptidyl peptidases is a prerequisite for enzyme activity and correct protein folding. Crystallographic studies on DPPIV reveal clear N-linked glycosylation of nine Asn residues in DPPIV. However, the importance of each glycosylation site on physiologically relevant reactions such as dipeptide cleavage, dimer formation, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) binding remains obscure. Individual Asn-->Ala point mutants were introduced at the nine glycosylation sites in the extracellular domain of DPPIV (residues 39-766). Crystallographic and biochemical data demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of DPPIV does not contribute significantly to its peptidase activity. The kinetic parameters of dipeptidyl peptidase cleavage of wild-type DPPIV and the N-glycosylation site mutants were determined by using Ala-Pro-AFC and Gly-Pro-pNA as substrates and varied by <50%. DPPIV is active as a homodimer. Size-exclusion chromatographic analysis showed that the glycosylation site mutants do not affect dimerization. ADA binds to the highly glycosylated beta-propeller domain of DPPIV, but the impact of glycosylation on binding had not previously been determined. Our studies indicate that glycosylation of DPPIV is not required for ADA binding. Taken together, these data indicate that in contrast to the generally accepted view, glycosylation of DPPIV is not a prerequisite for catalysis, dimerization, or ADA binding.
Collapse
|
16
|
Weihofen WA, Liu J, Reutter W, Saenger W, Fan H. Crystal structure of CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV in complex with adenosine deaminase reveals a highly amphiphilic interface. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:43330-5. [PMID: 15213224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV or CD26) is a homodimeric type II membrane glycoprotein in which the two monomers are subdivided into a beta-propeller domain and an alpha/beta-hydrolase domain. As dipeptidase, DPPIV modulates the activity of various biologically important peptides and, in addition, DPPIV acts as a receptor for adenosine deaminase (ADA), thereby mediating co-stimulatory signals in T-lymphocytes. The 3.0-A resolution crystal structure of the complex formed between human DPPIV and bovine ADA presented here shows that each beta-propeller domain of the DPPIV dimer binds one ADA. At the binding interface, two hydrophobic loops protruding from the beta-propeller domain of DPPIV interact with two hydrophilic and heavily charged alpha-helices of ADA, giving rise to the highest percentage of charged residues involved in a protein-protein contact reported thus far. Additionally, four glycosides linked to Asn229 of DPPIV bind to ADA. In the crystal structure of porcine DPPIV, the observed tetramer formation was suggested to mediate epithelial and lymphocyte cell-cell adhesion. ADA binding to DPPIV could regulate this adhesion, as it would abolish tetramerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm A Weihofen
- Institut für Chemie/Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ludwig K, Fan H, Dobers J, Berger M, Reutter W, Böttcher C. 3D structure of the CD26-ADA complex obtained by cryo-EM and single particle analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 313:223-9. [PMID: 14684150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The specific binding of adenosine deaminase to the multifunctional membrane glycoprotein dipeptidyl peptidase IV is thought to be immunologically relevant for certain regulatory and co-stimulatory processes. In this study we present the 3D structure of the complete CD26-ADA complex obtained by single particle cryo-EM at 22A resolution. ADA binding occurs at the outer edges of the beta-propeller of CD26. Docking calculations of available CD26 and ADA crystal data into the obtained EM density map revealed that the ADA-binding site is stretched across CD26 beta-propeller blades 4 and 5 involving the outermost distal hydrophobic amino acids L294 and V341 but not T440 and K441 as suggested by antibody binding. Though the docking of the ADA orientation appears less significant due to the lack of distinct surface features, non-ambiguous conclusions can be drawn in the combination with earlier indirect non-imaging methods affirming the crucial role of the ADA alpha2-helix for binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ludwig
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, D14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baer JW, Gerhartz B, Hoffmann T, Rosche F, Demuth HU. Characterisation of human DP IV produced by a Pichia pastoris expression system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 524:103-8. [PMID: 12675229 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47920-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
19
|
Ludwig K, Yan S, Fan H, Reutter W, Böttcher C. The 3D structure of rat DPPIV/CD26 as obtained by cryo-TEM and single particle analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 304:73-7. [PMID: 12705886 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We present the three-dimensional structure of rat DPPIV/CD26, as determined by cryo-TEM and single particle analysis at a resolution of approximately 14A. The reconstruction confirms that the protein exists as a dimer, as predicted earlier. Since there are structural analogies to the serine peptidase POP, docking calculations of the two structures were performed. Although the docking showed a similar spatial organization (catalytic domain, beta-propeller, distal opening, central cavity), the detailed comparison revealed clear discrepancies. The most marked difference is a second (lateral) opening in DPPIV/CD26, which would enable direct access to the catalytic site. We therefore assume that substrate selectivity and binding rate are most probably driven by different mechanisms in DPPIV/CD26 and POP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ludwig
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, D-14195, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bär J, Weber A, Hoffmann T, Stork J, Wermann M, Wagner L, Aust S, Gerhartz B, Demuth HU. Characterisation of Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Expressed in Pichia pastoris. A Structural and Mechanistic Comparison between the Recombinant Human and the Purified Porcine Enzyme. Biol Chem 2003; 384:1553-63. [PMID: 14719797 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DP IV) is a multifunctional serine protease cleaving off dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides. The enzyme is expressed on the surface of epithelial and endothelial cells as a type II transmembrane protein. However, a soluble form of DP IV is also present in body fluids. Large scale expression of soluble human recombinant His(6)-37-766 DP IV, using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, yielded 1.7 mg DP IV protein per litre of fermentation supernatant. The characterisation of recombinant DP IV confirmed proper folding and glycosylation similar to DP IV purified from porcine kidney. Kinetic comparison of both proteins using short synthetic substrates and inhibitors revealed similar characteristics. However, interaction analysis of both proteins with the gastrointestinal hormone GLP-1(7-36) resulted in significantly different binding constants for the human and the porcine enzyme (Kd = 153.0 +/- 17.0 microM and Kd = 33.4 +/- 2.2 microM, respectively). In contrast, the enzyme adenosine deaminase binds stronger to human than to porcine DP IV (Kd = 2.15 +/- 0.18 nM and Kd = 7.38 +/- 0.54 nM, respectively). Even though the sequence of porcine DP IV, amplified by RT-PCR, revealed 88% identity between both enzymes, the species-specific variations between amino acids 328 to 341 are likely to be responsible for the differences in ADA-binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Bär
- Probiodrug AG, Department of Enzymology, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|