1
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Intralesional glucocorticoid treatment of an isolated intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma: a case report. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:2021-2024. [PMID: 35304626 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytic process that appears primarily in children and is described as a benign lesion. Although they typically present as a cutaneous lesion, it can also present in other areas including within the central nervous system. We report a 6-month-old infant who presented with seizure-like activity who was found to have a single intracranial mass within the right temporal area on magnetic resonance imaging of the head. The mass was biopsied and pathologically identified as a juvenile xanthogranuloma. In order to avoid the morbidity associated with a gross total resection, an intralesional steroid injection was utilized for treatment which our patient tolerated well. Intralesional steroid injection for the treatment of a symptomatic isolated intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma has not been described but was successful for our patient.
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2
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Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of Subglottis: Rare, Recurrent and Refractory. Indian Pediatr 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-022-2543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Salari B, Dehner LP. Juvenile and adult xanthogranuloma: A 30-year single-center experience and review of the disorder and its relationship to other histiocytoses. Ann Diagn Pathol 2022; 58:151940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.151940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Truong CY, Nguyen A, Braun T, Chan A. Firm, enlarging papule on an infant's proximal thigh. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 19:78-80. [PMID: 34977310 PMCID: PMC8688937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tara Braun
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Aurdrey Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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5
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Ribeiro PHO, Fritsch LN, Fernandes GJM, Oliveira AMD, Ribeiro FBDAO. Upper eyelid juvenile xanthogranuloma: a case report. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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6
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Itin K, Häusermann P, Itin P, Fosse N. Symmetrical Facial Giant Plaque-Type Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Dermatol 2021; 13:399-406. [PMID: 34413740 PMCID: PMC8339506 DOI: 10.1159/000515151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is the most common type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. JXG is a rare benign tumor, which may be present at birth or develop later. The classical form of JXG is characterized by a red-yellowish benign papule or nodule with predilection sites on the head, neck, and trunk, although lesions can appear on extremities or extracutaneous sites. In most cases there is only one lesion, whereas numerous papules or nodules may occur. Special forms of JXG such as mixed, giant, subcutaneous, eruptive, clustered, and plaque-like have been reported and associations between JXG and systemic diseases have been made. Diagnosis mainly relies on the clinical appearance, and histology usually can confirm the disease. Here we present a very rare case of symmetrical giant facial plaque-type juvenile xanthogranuloma (SGFP-JXG) and compare it with classical JXG, variations of JXG, and discuss the differential diagnosis. A 4-year-old Caucasian female presented with plaque-like lesions composed of yellowish confluent papules on both the cheeks. The histological evaluation revealed a histiocytic lesion with a formation of Touton giant cells and immunohistochemistry results confirmed the diagnosis of the SGFP-JXG. In comparison to classical JXG, the onset of SGFP-JXG sometimes occurs later and the spontaneous resolution period may be prolonged. No associated diseases and no systemic involvements were observed. Histopathology is required to differentiate this form of JXG from other histiocytosis. To the best of our knowledge, only four cases of SGFP-JXG have been reported in the literature so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Itin
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Häusermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Fosse
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Juvenile Xanthogranuloma on the Upper Lip. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2021; 9:e3712. [PMID: 34290944 PMCID: PMC8288908 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We treated a patient with juvenile xanthogranuloma on the upper lip. A yellow, elastic, hard tumor on the upper lip was evident from birth, which gradually increased in size. The patient was examined at our department at the age of 7 months, at which time the mass extended from the upper lip to the nasal cavity and measured approximately 1 cm. There was a risk that the mass might obstruct the nasal cavity, and an incisional biopsy was conducted to obtain a definitive diagnosis. In histopathological testing, the patient was diagnosed with a juvenile xanthogranuloma. Part of the mass still remains on the upper lip, but has not increased in size during postoperative monitoring. Juvenile xanthogranuloma on the upper lip is extremely rare, and to the best of our knowledge, this is only the fourth case to be reported in the plastic surgery literature in English. In most cases, juvenile xanthogranuloma regresses spontaneously, and unnecessary surgery is to be avoided. The possibility of juvenile xanthogranuloma should always be considered for masses that increase in size in infants and young children, and it is important to reach a definitive diagnosis by skin biopsy.
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8
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Multiple Xanthogranulomas in an Adult Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2021; 2020:8826715. [PMID: 33489387 PMCID: PMC7803178 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8826715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult multiple xanthogranuloma (XG) is a rare late-onset variant of juvenile XG. It is characterized by the appearance of papules or nodules located preferably on the trunk. A case of a 54-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome is presented as a history of interest, who consulted due to the appearance of multiple brownish papules distributed mainly in the trunk. So far, there are only 22 cases of this clinical form reported in the literature, 9 of them associated with malignant hematological processes. We highlight the importance of this entity as a possible cutaneous marker of blood dyscrasias.
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9
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Anilkumar S, Shah P, Saravanan VR, Shanthi R, Kalpana N. Unusual presentation of a vascularized iris lesion in an infant. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021; 13:117-120. [DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_35_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Hernández-San Martín M, Vargas-Mora P, Aranibar L. Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: An Entity With a Wide Clinical Spectrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Hernández-San Martín MJ, Vargas-Mora P, Aranibar L. Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: An Entity With a Wide Clinical Spectrum. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:725-733. [PMID: 32721389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs) are rare, benign lesions that belong to the large group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses. JXG presents with 1 or more erythematous or yellowish nodules that are usually located on the head or neck. Most JXG lesions are congenital or appear during the first year of life. Extracutaneous involvement is rare, but the literature traditionally suggests investigating the possibility of ocular compromise. JXG is mainly a clinical diagnosis, but a skin biopsy may sometimes be needed for confirmation. JXGs on the skin are self-limiting and usually do not require treatment. This review describes the clinical and therapeutic aspects of JXG, emphasizing available evidence and the diagnosis of extracutaneous involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Vargas-Mora
- Departamento de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Aranibar
- Departamento de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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So N, Liu R, Hogeling M. Juvenile xanthogranulomas: Examining single, multiple, and extracutaneous presentations. Pediatr Dermatol 2020; 37:637-644. [PMID: 32468628 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by yellowish papules in the skin. JXGs most often occur in infancy or early childhood and are typically solitary and asymptomatic, often regressing after several years. While JXGs predominantly occur on the skin, extracutaneous JXGs also exist. AIMS In this paper, we review the literature on single, multiple, and visceral JXGs and provide recommendations on monitoring and work-up. MATERIALS & METHODS A literature review was conducted with the PubMed database using selective search terms for single, multiple, ocular, and visceral lesions as well as NF1/JMML. RESULTS / DISCUSSION JXG is typically a self-limited disorder if lesions are cutaneous and singular. While rare, JXGs may manifest as multiple and extracutaneous lesions. Further screening and referral to specialists may be warranted in these cases based on age and extent of involvement. CONCLUSION Our review demonstrates common presentations of single, multiple, and extracutaneous lesions in addition to those that occur with NF1 and JMML. We suggest patients be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by a dermatologist and referred to specialists as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi So
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Regina Liu
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marcia Hogeling
- Division of Dermatology, UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Therapy Response in a Pediatric Patient With Extracutaneous Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Monitored by FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:303-305. [PMID: 32049719 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma, a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, generally manifests as widespread skin lesions, which is often self-limited. However, when other organs are involved, its outcome can be unfavorable, and there is no clearly defined consensus regarding what is the best imaging modality in monitoring the therapy. We report here findings of a series of FDG PET/CT scans during the course of clofarabine therapy in a 12-year-old girl with extracutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma.
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Infantile Myofibroma Presenting as a Large Ulcerative Nodule in a Newborn. Case Rep Pediatr 2019; 2019:3476508. [PMID: 31637076 PMCID: PMC6766119 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3476508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of a congenital cutaneous vascular-appearing mass in a newborn is broad and includes both benign and malignant tumors. We report the case of a newborn who presented with an erythematous exophytic skin nodule on the right upper leg. Excision was performed due to ulceration, concern for bleeding, and for diagnosis. Pathology revealed the mass to be an infantile myofibroma. This case highlights the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis in a newborn with a cutaneous mass. While history, physical exam, and imaging can help diagnose some cases, a biopsy or excision is often needed to distinguish benign lesions from more concerning lesions.
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15
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Rodríguez-Velasco A, Rodríguez-Zepeda MDC, Ortiz-Hidalgo C. Infantile systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma case with massive liver infiltration. Autops Case Rep 2019; 9:e2018081. [PMID: 31086776 PMCID: PMC6455703 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2018.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infantile systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma (ISJXG) is an uncommon form of juvenile xanthogranuloma, a non-Langerhans cell proliferation of infancy and early childhood. In a small percentage of patients, the visceral involvement—most commonly to the central nervous system, liver, spleen, or lungs—may be associated with severe morbidity, and eventually fatal outcome. Here we describe the clinical and pathological findings of a 28-day-old girl with ISJXG who died with respiratory distress syndrome. She had few cutaneous lesions but massive liver and spleen infiltration; other affected organs were multiple lymph nodes, thoracic parasympathetic nodule, pleura, pancreas, and kidneys. Additional findings were mild pulmonary hypoplasia and bacteremia. Immunohistochemistry on fixed tissues is the standard for diagnosis. Immunophenotype cells express CD14, CD68, CD163, Factor XIIIa, Stabilin-1, and fascin; S100 was positive in less than 20% of the cases; CD1a and langerin were negative. No consistent cytogenetic or molecular genetic defect has been identified. This case demonstrates that the autopsy is a handy tool, because hepatic infiltration, which was not considered clinically, determined a restrictive respiratory impairment. In our opinion, this was the direct cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rodríguez-Velasco
- UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría del Centro Médico Nacional IMSS, Department of Pathology. Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo
- Hospital ABC Medical Center, Department of Surgical Pathology. Ciudad de México, Mexico
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16
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Silva SPD, Viveiros C, Almeida R, Pereira MA, Vaz R, Portela A. JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA: A CASE REPORT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 37:257-260. [PMID: 30810696 PMCID: PMC6651301 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;2;00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To report a rate case of Juvenile xanthogranuloma in a newborn infant. Case description: We present the case of a 31-week preterm newborn with multiple skin lesions whose clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings allowed the diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. Currently, the patient has nine months-old, and there is no aggravation of the skin lesions or evidence of extra-cutaneous involvement, particularly ophthalmic. Comments: Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare and benign condition, included in the vast group of non-Langerhans histiocytosis. It typically occurs in the pediatric age and may have a neonatal presentation. It affects predominantly the skin, in the form of papules or yellow and/or erythematous nodules and could be asymptomatic, multiple or solitary. Extra-cutaneous involvement, is more common in toddlers and when multiple lesions are present. The eye is the most affected site. We highlight this clinical case by its presentation in the neonatal period and in the form of multiple lesions, which bestows an increased risk of extra-cutaneous involvement, although this has not yet been verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pires da Silva
- Pedro Hispano Hospital, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Catarina Viveiros
- Pedro Hispano Hospital, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Almeida
- Pedro Hispano Hospital, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | - Rute Vaz
- Pedro Hispano Hospital, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Alexandrina Portela
- Pedro Hispano Hospital, Local Health Unit of Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
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17
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Ladha MA, Haber RM. Giant Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: Case Report, Literature Review, and Algorithm for Classification. J Cutan Med Surg 2018; 22:488-494. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475418777734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a member of the non-Langerhans cell group of proliferative disorders of mononuclear phagocytes. JXG is a benign tumour of histiocytic cells. Classic JXG is divided into 2 main clinical subtypes: dome-shaped papules (<0.5 cm) and single/multiple nodules (<2.0 cm). A rare variant is referred to as giant; this term encompasses JXG lesions larger than 2.0 cm. In this article, we report a case of a congenital cutaneous giant JXG. In addition, we reviewed and analyzed all cases (n = 51) of giant JXG reported in the English literature. We propose an algorithm for classifying giant JXG based on the following factors: onset of lesions (congenital and acquired), number of lesions (solitary ± satellites and multiple), morphology of cutaneous/mucosal lesions (plaque, nodular, ulcerated-nodular, macular, and other), and extracutaneous manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika A. Ladha
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Richard M. Haber
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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18
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Meyer P, Graeff E, Kohler C, Munier F, Bruder E. Juvenile xanthogranuloma involving concurrent iris and skin: Clinical, pathological and molecular pathological evaluations. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2017; 9:10-13. [PMID: 29468209 PMCID: PMC5787822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of juvenile xanthogranuloma involving the iris and skin that clincally was diagnosed with an obvious cutaneous lesion. Observations A four month-old girl with hyphema and increased intraocular pressure of the left eye persisting for 2 weeks. A suspicious yellow-brown mass with nodular surface and traversed by irregular vascularization was noted on the inferior iris surface. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM; 35 MHz) of the mass revealed multiple nodular irregular hyperreflective lesions in the peripheral iris. Using a biopsy of an obvious cutaneous abdominal skin lesion a diagnosis was made based on histopathological analyses. The biopsy showed dense dermal infiltrate consisting of foamy histiocytes. Additional stains revealed CD68 positivity and CD1a and S100 negativity. This mass revealed histopathologic features identical to juvenile xanthogranuloma and was concurrent with the iris lesion. Next-generation sequencing using Ion AmpliSeqTM Cancer Hotspot Panel revealed a missense mutation of FGFR3 (p.F386L). Conclusion and importance The diagnosis of a xanthogranuloma of the iris with hyphema can be made easier in patients with obvious cutaneous lesions as described in our case. The significance of FGFR3 mutation in association with JXG is unknown and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Basel, Mittlere Strasse 91, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Graeff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Basel, Mittlere Strasse 91, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Corina Kohler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Basel, Mittlere Strasse 91, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland
| | - Francis Munier
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, 15 Av. de France, Lausanne CH-1004, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Bruder
- Department of Pathology, University Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Lo TK, Chang KC, Chu CB, Lee JYY. CD68-negative nonlipidized juvenile xanthogranuloma. DERMATOL SIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Baykal C, Polat Ekinci A, Yazganoglu KD, Buyukbabani N. The clinical spectrum of xanthomatous lesions of the eyelids. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:981-992. [PMID: 28500693 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Yellowish papules, nodules, or plaques, namely "xanthomatous" lesions, may be seen on the eyelids in the course of various disorders. The prototype is "xanthelasma palpebrarum" (XP) that is localized only to the eyelids and may be associated with hyperlipidemia. On the other hand, different types of normolipemic disorders may also cause xanthomatous eyelid lesions. Among these, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, diffuse normolipemic xanthoma, and non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses (papular xanthoma, juvenile xanthogranuloma, xanthoma disseminatum, adult-onset xanthogranuloma, adult-onset asthma and periocular xanthogranuloma, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease, and reticulohistiocytosis) can be listed. The eyelid findings of this heterogeneous group of disorders are challenging to differentiate from each other due to common clinical aspects that may even sometimes mimic XP. Nodularity, induration, ulceration, diffuse eyelid involvement, and extension from eyelids to the neighboring skin may represent the clinical features of xanthomatous lesions other than XP. It is necessary to obtain a thorough history and exclude XP and then perform detailed dermatological and systemic examination, biopsy for histopathologic confirmation, and appropriate specific imaging screens. As some of the conditions may be associated with other systemic disorders, especially malignancies, the differentiation of xanthomatous eyelid lesions has a critical importance, and clinical signs can be guiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Baykal
- Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Algun Polat Ekinci
- Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kurtulus D Yazganoglu
- Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesimi Buyukbabani
- Pathology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a non-Langerhans cell lesion mostly limited to the skin but occasionally presenting in extracutaneous locations or associated with systemic conditions. Lesions need to be distinguished mainly from dermatofibroma, xanthoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, or reticulohistiocytoma. Herein, we present a hemosiderotic variant of juvenile xanthogranuloma in a 12-year-old girl, which we have not found described in literature. The lesion presented at the back of the scalp as a slowly growing yellowish polypoid lesion showing occasional bleeding. The histopathological examination demonstrated a cellular infiltrate expanding the dermis, with a Grenz zone and with no remarkable changes in the overlying epidermis. The papule was made of mononucleated macrophages, many of which were xanthomatous. There were some Touton giant cells. The lesion was intermingled with a mild inflammatory infiltrate comprising lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and some eosinophils. Many of the macrophages contained abundant cytoplasmic deposits of iron. The macrophages expressed CD68 and CD163, whereas they failed to express S100 protein, CD1a, and Langerin.
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22
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Vignault C, Bourgeault É, Gagné É, Bujold J. A Rare Case of Solitary Giant Congenital Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: A Case Report. J Cutan Med Surg 2017; 21:267-269. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475417690718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is the most frequent form of non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We present a case of giant congenital JXG in a 7-week-old boy, who had a firm and incompressible lesion, measuring 3 × 4 cm in diameter, on his right flank. The clinical appearance of the lesion and the ultrasound results suggested a vascular tumor, such as a hemangioma. Histology confirmed a JXG, although there was an absence of Touton cells, which are usually pathognomonic of JXG. In light of these findings, it would be important to include JXG in the differential diagnosis of congenital tumours, particularly vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Éric Gagné
- Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Abstract
A 3-month-old female patient with a giant ulcerated nodule over the back since birth was diagnosed as congenital giant juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) based on clinical and histopathological examination. Congenital giant JXG with ulceration at birth is a rare presentation of JXG and commonly misdiagnosed. This case emphasizes the importance of being aware of the myriad presentations of JXG in order to make a correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary investigations or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yuen Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Institut Pediatrik, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
A 5-month-old boy had erythematous nodules over the left side of his trunk with a segmental arrangement since birth. Histopathologic examination revealed sheets of foamy histiocytes infiltrating the dermis and subcutaneous fat, admixed with multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes, making this an unusual case of juvenile xanthogranuloma appearing in a segmental distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yuen Ng
- Institut Pediatrik, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pajaziti L, Hapçiu SR, Pajaziti A. Juvenile xanthogranuloma: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:174. [PMID: 24666806 PMCID: PMC3987095 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a rare disorder which may be present at birth, or appears in infancy. It can also occur in adults of all ages; appears with lesions that may be solitary or multiple nodules several millimeters in diameter. The predilection sites are head and neck, but it may occur on the extremities and trunk also. There can also be involved internal organs such as lung, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, etc. The most frequent extracutaneous location is the eye. Case presentation We report a case of juvenile xanthogranuloma in a male child with onset in the fourth month of life. He presented with a nodule 8 millimeters in diameter, tan-orange in color, ulcerated in the centre, located on the left corner of the left eye. A biopsy without total excision was performed. After the biopsy, the nodule enlarged to 1.5 cm in diameter and became haemorrhagic. The histologic evaluation and immunohistochemistry analysis resulted in the diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. For aesthetic reasons the nodule was removed by surgical resection. Conclusion Juvenile xanthogranuloma is on a spectrum of histiocytic disorders, which is necessary to differentiate from maligniances in childhood by biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pajaziti
- Clinic of Dermatovenerology, University of Prishtina, Rr, "Spitalit" p,n,, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo.
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Manjandavida FP, Arepalli S, Tarlan B, Shields CL. Optical coherence tomography characteristics of epi-iridic membrane in a child with recurrent hyphema and presumed juvenile xanthogranuloma. J AAPOS 2014; 18:93-5. [PMID: 24568997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of spontaneous hyphema in a 6-month-old girl with no history of trauma and no visible iris mass. Subtle green-blue heterochromia was noted in the right eye. The iris crypts in the right eye appeared flattened by a thin, transparent layer on the iris surface. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) disclosed a thin homogenous membrane overlying the entire iris surface in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography revealed diffuse hyperfluorescence without neovascularization. These features were suggestive of diffuse iris juvenile xanthogranuloma. Sub-Tenon's triamcinolone acetate plus topical corticosteroids eyedrops resolved the condition within 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairooz P Manjandavida
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruthi Arepalli
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bercin Tarlan
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Messeguer F, Agustí-Mejias A, Colmenero I, Hernández-Martin A, Torrelo A. Clustered juvenile xanthogranuloma. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30:e295-6. [PMID: 22957538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2012.01851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Clustered or agminated juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is an unusual form of JXG characterized by multiple reddish-brown or yellowish papules and nodules in a coalescent pattern. We report a case of clustered JXG involving the left lower back of a 5-month-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Messeguer
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, SpainDepartment of Pathology and Hospital del Niño Jesús, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Dermatology, Hospital del Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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Histiocytic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:683-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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de Oliveira Rocha B, de Sousa Medeiros Torres I, Rêgo VRPDA, Fernandes JD. Erythematous, yellowish plaque on the face of a child. Int J Dermatol 2013; 52:295-6. [PMID: 23414153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Mallory M, Bryer BM, Wilson BB. Café-au-lait macules and enlarging papules on the face. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 68:348-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign histiocytic lesion that displays different histologic patterns. The classic form consists of a proliferation of foamy histiocytes admixed with numerous multinucleated Touton-type giant cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Mitotic figures are rare or even absent. Apart from this classic form, a nonlipidized form showing a diffuse infiltrate of nonfoamy histiocytes with or without rare Touton-type giant cells is described. The mitotic activity is somewhat higher than in the classic form. We describe here an unusual case, occurring in a 71-year-old man, characterized by a very high mitotic index (22 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields).
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Batista AC, Mendonça EF, Arantes Elias LS, Andrade BAB, Almeida OP, León JE. Nonlipidized juvenile xanthogranuloma: an unusual variant with a potential diagnostic pitfall. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:295-9. [PMID: 22204961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a histiocytic inflammatory disorder that can present different histologic patterns. Classic JXG consists of sheets of foamy histiocytes and numerous multinucleated Touton giant cells. Nonlipidized JXG (NJXG) is one of the unusual variants of JXG, consisting of a diffuse monomorphic infiltrate of mononuclear histiocytes, suggesting an aggressive or malignant tumor due the high mitotic index. However, NJXG behaves clinically as classic JXG. We present an unusual case of a 6-year-old boy who presented an exophytic ulcerated nodule on the lower lip diagnosed as NJXG. The boy is currently well without recurrence three years after surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Carvalho Batista
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), Dental School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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Cypel TKS, Zuker RM. Juvenile xanthogranuloma: case report and review of the literature. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE CHIRURGIE PLASTIQUE 2011; 16:175-7. [PMID: 19721800 DOI: 10.1177/229255030801600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present case report describes a juvenile xanthogranuloma in a five-month-old girl. A circumscribed papule was located below the right nasal ala and above the right vermilion border. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as a juvenile xanthogranuloma after surgical resection of the mass. Juvenile xanthogranuloma is an uncommon diagnosis, with the head, neck and trunk being the most common sites.
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35
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Chuang FC, Chern E, Wu WM. Progressive nodular histiocytosis: a rare type of xanthogranuloma. DERMATOL SIN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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36
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Mrad MA, Chan K, Cypel TK, Zuker RM. Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the ear: A case report. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE CHIRURGIE PLASTIQUE 2011; 16:229-31. [PMID: 19949504 DOI: 10.1177/229255030801600404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a relatively uncommon, benign histiocytic proliferative disorder. A case of juvenile xanthogranuloma in a 13-month-old girl with an unusual clinical form is described. She presented with a yellow-red projecting nodule over the helical rim of her right ear. The lesion was histologically diagnosed as juvenile xanthogranuloma after excisional biopsy. Although primarily a dermatological curiosity, plastic surgeons should be familiar with this entity, and should consider it in the differential diagnosis of benign soft tissue tumours of the ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amir Mrad
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case report. OBJECTIVE To report a very rare case of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) of the spine in an adult. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA JXG is very rare in the spine, with only five prior reports in infants and children. To the best of our knowledge, this tumor has never been reported in an adult spine. METHODS The patient is a 47-year-old woman who presented with bowel and bladder incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a very large lesion arising from the L2 vertebral body, with massive extension into the retroperitoneum with extensive intradural involvement. She had decreased rectal tone, had 4/5 strength in the right hip flexor, and had diminished sensation in her anterior right thigh and perineal region. She was otherwise neurologically intact. After preoperative embolization, a decompressive laminectomy was performed and the tumor was resected through a posterolateral transpedicular approach, followed by stabilization. Because of extensive involvement of retroperitoneum, complete resection was not possible. RESULTS After pathologic evaluation of the specimen, a diagnosis of JXG was made. Patient underwent postoperative radiation therapy, and her neurologic examination improved significantly over the next several months. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of JXG in an adult spine. Although complete resection of the tumor was not possible, decompression of the dural sac followed by postoperative radiation led to an excellent clinical outcome.
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Cohen PR, Prieto VG. Radiation port xanthogranuloma: solitary xanthogranuloma occurring within the irradiated skin of a breast cancer patient-report and review of cutaneous neoplasms developing at the site of radiotherapy. J Cutan Pathol 2010; 37:891-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cornips EMJ, Cox KEM, Creytens DHKV, Granzen B, Weber JW, Ter Laak-Poort MP. Solitary juvenile xanthogranuloma of the temporal muscle and bone penetrating the dura mater in a 2-month-old boy. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2009; 4:588-91. [PMID: 19951050 DOI: 10.3171/2009.7.peds09230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare histiocytic disorder primarily observed during the first 2 years of life. Most patients present with a solitary cutaneous lesion; however, others present with extracutaneous manifestations or even with systemic involvement. The authors describe a 2-month-old boy in whom was diagnosed a unifocal extracutaneous JXG involving the temporal bone. Unlike 3 other cases of solitary JXGs of the temporal bone in the literature, the present case involved destruction of the dura mater and leptomeningeal enhancement surrounding the entire temporal lobe. The lesion did not regress after an initial biopsy procedure and had to be removed more radically because of progressive mass effect on the brain. The child recently underwent a reconstructive skull procedure and is doing well almost 2 years postoperatively without evidence of disease. This case demonstrates that even in instances of extensive disease a favorable outcome is possible without chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin M J Cornips
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Oxfordlaan 10, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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40
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Frieden IJ, Rogers M, Garzon MC. Conditions masquerading as infantile haemangioma: Part 2. Australas J Dermatol 2009; 50:153-68; quiz 169-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2009.00529_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gingival juvenile xanthogranuloma in an adult patient: case report with immunohistochemical analysis and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:246-52. [PMID: 19138643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (nonLCH). It is a benign and self-healing disorder that generally affects infants and children. Oral lesions in adult patients are rare, although the microscopic findings are similar to those observed in other locations. A 56-year-old white man presented with a chief complaint of a gingival mass that had appeared 6 months before and had grown slowly. An intraoral examination revealed the presence of a solitary, softened gingival mass affecting the mandibular lingual gingiva at the right central incisor area. A biopsy of the lesion showed multiple large macrophages and numerous giant cells of Touton type. The immunohistochemistry positivity for CD68, fascin, factor XIIIa, alpha-antitrypsin and negativity for S-100, beta-actin, CD1a, and desmin confirmed the diagnosis of JXG. The occurrence of adult oral JXG is extremely rare. It is a nonLCH that may present variable clinical and microscopic aspects, which leads to a diversity of clinical misdiagnoses. A precise diagnosis of these lesions requires an accurate evaluation of clinical, microscopic, and immunohistochemical features.
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43
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Kaur MR, Brundler MA, Stevenson O, Moss C. Disseminated clustered juvenile xanthogranuloma: an unusual morphological variant of a common condition. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008; 33:575-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Gunson TH, Birchall NM. Symmetrical giant facial plaque-type juvenile xanthogranuloma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 59:S56-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Hwang SH, Son EJ, Oh KK, Kim EK, Jung J, Jung WH. Bilateral xanthogranuloma of the breast: radiologic findings and pathologic correlation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2007; 26:535-7. [PMID: 17384053 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2007.26.4.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Hwang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Somorai M, Goldstein NA, Alexis R, Giusti RJ. Managing isolated subglottic juvenile xanthogranuloma without tracheostomy: case report and review of literature. Pediatr Pulmonol 2007; 42:181-5. [PMID: 17123317 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a dendritic cell related histiocytic disorder which usually presents in the first year of life as a solitary cutaneous granuloma. Isolated presentation in the upper airway is very rare but can result in severe respiratory distress, especially in young children. We present the case of a 5-month-old male with an isolated subglottic JXG lesion. Endoscopic excision provided symptomatic relief and avoided the need for tracheostomy. The lesion has completely resolved 17 months later. Surgical excision without tracheostomy was the treatment of choice in two of the four additional cases of upper airway JXG presented in the literature. JXG has an excellent prognosis with spontaneous regression over time. Histology alone is frequently inadequate to differentiate JXG from the more common Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH), which carries a much less favorable prognosis. The evolving field of immunohistochemistry provides an essential tool to establish the correct diagnosis. The typical phenotype of JXG is Factor XIIIa+/Fascin+/CD68+/CD163+/CD14+/CD1a-/S100-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Somorai
- Department of Pediatrics, Long Island College Hospital (LICH), Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
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47
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Monroe AW, Sorey WH, Wyatt-Ashmead J. Rash. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2006; 45:475-7. [PMID: 16891284 DOI: 10.1177/0009922806289630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Monroe
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson , MS 39216, USA
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48
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Kaur H, Cameron JD, Mohney BG. Severe astigmatic amblyopia secondary to subcutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma of the eyelid. J AAPOS 2006; 10:277-8. [PMID: 16814185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2006.01.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 12/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of eyelid lesions in early childhood, most commonly dacryoceles and hemangiomas, have been documented to cause astigmatic changes of the cornea. Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is typically reported to include both cutaneous skin and anterior ocular segment lesions. We report a case of a 10-month-old infant in which a subcutaneous JXG lesion of the lower eyelid resulted in visually significant astigmatic amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrup Kaur
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Cabrera RA, Lacerda A, Lemos MM, Nunes JM, Mendonça ME. Multiple visceral and subcutaneous nodules in a 4-month infant. Cytopathology 2005; 16:309-11. [PMID: 16303045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2005.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Cabrera
- Serviços de Patologia Morfológica e Pediatria, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Francisco Gentil. CROL, SA, Lisbon, Portugal.
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50
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Abstract
There are many developmental abnormalities that may appear in the neonate and in infants when critical steps in embryogenesis fail. These steps are often not fatal but can lead to significant morbidity for those patients affected. A logical approach is needed in addressing both the diagnostic and therapeutic issues that arise when caring for these patients, as various lesions will warrant an observational approach, and others may require imaging studies or definitive surgical intervention. Additionally, there are other "lumps and bumps" that are seen in the neonatal and infantile age groups that include malignancies and cutaneous neoplasms with associated systemic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Farvolden
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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