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Inubushi T, Nag P, Sasaki JI, Shiraishi Y, Yamashiro T. The significant role of glycosaminoglycans in tooth development. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae024. [PMID: 38438145 PMCID: PMC11031142 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the roles of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), integral components of proteoglycans, in tooth development. Proteoglycans consist of a core protein linked to GAG chains, comprised of repeating disaccharide units. GAGs are classified into several types, such as hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. Functioning as critical macromolecular components within the dental basement membrane, these GAGs facilitate cell adhesion and aggregation, and play key roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby significantly influencing tooth morphogenesis. Notably, our recent research has identified the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme Transmembrane protein 2 (Tmem2) and we have conducted functional analyses using mouse models. These studies have unveiled the essential role of Tmem2-mediated hyaluronan degradation and its involvement in hyaluronan-mediated cell adhesion during tooth formation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of GAG functions in tooth development, integrating insights from recent research, and discusses future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Priyanka Nag
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiraishi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Wu J, Li H, Han L, Sun T, Tian Y, Wang X. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of Syndecans in murine embryonic teeth. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 36:119109. [PMID: 32220631 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The hierarchical interactions between the dental epithelium and dental mesenchyme represent a common paradigm for organogenesis. During tooth development, various morphogens interact with extracellular components in the extracellular matrix and on the cell surfaces to transmit regulatory signaling into cells. We recently found pivotal roles of FAM20B-catalyzed proteoglycans in the control of murine tooth number at embryonic stages. However, the expression pattern of proteoglycans in embryonic teeth has not been well understood. We extracted total RNA from E14.5 murine tooth germs for semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of 29 proteoglycans, and identified 23 of them in the embryonic teeth. As a major subfamily of FAM20B-catalyzed proteoglycans, Syndecans are important candidates being potentially involved in the tooth development of mice. We examined the expression pattern of Syndecans in embryonic teeth using in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) approaches. Syndecan-1 is mainly present in the dental mesenchyme at early embryonic stages. Subsequently, its expression expands to both dental epithelium and dental mesenchyme. Syndecan-2 is strongly expressed in the dental mesenchyme at early embryonic stages, then shifts to the stratum intermedium and inner dental epithelium at cap stages. Syndecan-3 shows a gradually increased expression that initially in the dental epithelium of both incisors and molars and then in the inner dental epithelium and stratum intermedium in molars alone. Syndecan-4 is localized in the dental epithelium in incisors and the dental follicle mesenchyme in molars at early cap stage. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of Syndecans in murine embryonic teeth suggest potential roles of these proteoglycans in murine tooth morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA, 75246; Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA, 75246; Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA, 75246; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA, 75246; Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA, 75246; West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA, 75246.
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Tian Y, Ma P, Liu C, Yang X, Crawford DM, Yan W, Bai D, Qin C, Wang X. Inactivation of Fam20B in the dental epithelium of mice leads to supernumerary incisors. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:396-402. [PMID: 26465965 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tooth formation is tightly regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions via hierarchic cascades of signaling molecules. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains covalently attached to the core protein of proteoglycans (PGs) provide docking sites for signaling molecules and their receptors during the morphogenesis of tissues and organs. Although PGs are believed to play important roles in tooth formation, little is known about their exact functions in this developmental process and the relevant molecular basis. Family with sequence similarity member 20-B (FAM20B) is a newly identified kinase that phosphorylates the xylose in the common linkage region connecting the GAG with the protein core of PGs. The phosphorylation of xylose is essential for elongation of the common linkage region and the subsequent GAG assembly. In this study, we generated a Fam20B-floxed allele in mice and found that inactivating Fam20B in the dental epithelium leads to supernumerary maxillary and mandibular incisors. This finding highlights the pivotal role of PGs in tooth morphogenesis and opens a new window for understanding the regulatory mechanism of PG-mediated signaling cascades during tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiudong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Derrick M Crawford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ding Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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Wahba O, Raghib A, Megahed E, Hussein M. Expression of perlecan, syndecan-1 and Ki-67 in keratocystic odontogenic tumor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tdj.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tsuneki M, Cheng J, Maruyama S, Ida-Yonemochi H, Nakajima M, Saku T. Perlecan-rich epithelial linings as a background of proliferative potentials of keratocystic odontogenic tumor. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:287-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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