1
|
Damir HA, Ali MA, Adem MA, Amir N, Ali OM, Tariq S, Adeghate E, Greenwood MP, Lin P, Alvira-Iraizoz F, Gillard B, Murphy D, Adem A. Effects of long-term dehydration and quick rehydration on the camel kidney: pathological changes and modulation of the expression of solute carrier proteins and aquaporins. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:367. [PMID: 39148099 PMCID: PMC11328374 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent dehydration causes chronic kidney disease in humans and animal models. The dromedary camel kidney has remarkable capacity to preserve water and solute during long-term dehydration. In this study, we investigated the effects of dehydration and subsequent rehydration in the camel's kidney histology/ultrastructure and changes in aquaporin/solute carrier proteins along with gene expression. RESULTS In light microscopy, dehydration induced few degenerative and necrotic changes in cells of the cortical tubules with unapparent or little effect on medullary cells. The ultrastructural changes encountered in the cortex were infrequent during dehydration and included nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum/ lysosomal degeneration and sometimes cell death. Some mRNA gene expressions involved in cell stability were upregulated by dehydration. Lesions in endothelial capillaries, glomerular membranes and podocyte tertiary processes in dehydrated camels indicated disruption of glomerular filtration barrier which were mostly corrected by rehydration. The changes in proximal tubules brush borders after dehydration, were accompanied by down regulation of ATP1A1 mRNA involved in Na + /K + pump that were corrected by rehydration. The increased serum Na, osmolality and vasopressin were paralleled by modulation in expression level for corresponding SLC genes with net Na retention in cortex which were corrected by rehydration. Medullary collecting ducts and interstitial connective tissue were mostly unaffected during dehydration. CKD, a chronic nephropathy induced by recurrent dehydration in human and animal models and characterized by interstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis, were not observed in the dehydrated/rehydrated camel kidneys. The initiating factors, endogenous fructose, AVP/AVPR2 and uric acid levels were not much affected. TGF-β1 protein and TGF-β1gene expression showed no changes by dehydration in cortex/medulla to mediate fibrosis. KCNN4 gene expression level was hardly detected in the dehydrated camel's kidney; to encode for Ca + + -gated KCa3.1 channel for Ca + + influx to instigate TGF-β1. Modulation of AQP 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 and SLC protein and/or mRNAs expression levels during dehydration/rehydration was reported. CONCLUSIONS Long-term dehydration induces reversible or irreversible ultrastructural changes in kidney cortex with minor effects in medulla. Modulation of AQP channels, SLC and their mRNAs expression levels during dehydration/rehydration have a role in water conservation. Cortex and medulla respond differently to dehydration/rehydration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abu Damir
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muna A Adem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naheed Amir
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Osman M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael P Greenwood
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK
| | - Panjiao Lin
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK
| | - Fernando Alvira-Iraizoz
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK
| | - Benjamin Gillard
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, BS13NY, UK.
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, PO. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Xu W, Ma X, Sun X, Fan J, Wang Y. Virus-like Particles as Antiviral Vaccine: Mechanism, Design, and Application. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2023; 28:1-16. [PMID: 36627930 PMCID: PMC9817464 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are viral structural protein that are noninfectious as they do not contain viral genetic materials. They are safe and effective immune stimulators and play important roles in vaccine development because of their intrinsic immunogenicity to induce cellular and humoral immune responses. In the design of antiviral vaccine, VLPs based vaccines are appealing multifunctional candidates with the advantages such as self-assembling nanoscaled structures, repetitive surface epitopes, ease of genetic and chemical modifications, versatility as antigen presenting platforms, intrinsic immunogenicity, higher safety profile in comparison with live-attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of VLPs vaccine inducing cellular and humoral immune responses. We outline the impact of size, shape, surface charge, antigen presentation, genetic and chemical modification, and expression systems when constructing effective VLPs based vaccines. Recent applications of antiviral VLPs vaccines and their clinical trials are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi China
| | - Wen Xu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi China
| | - Xi Ma
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi China
| | - XiaoJing Sun
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi China
| | - JinBo Fan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi China
| | - Yang Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wooten J, Mavingire N, Araújo CA, Aja J, Wauchope S, Delgoda R, Brantley E. Dibenzyl trisulfide induces caspase-independent death and lysosomal membrane permeabilization of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Fitoterapia 2022; 160:105203. [PMID: 35489582 PMCID: PMC9979099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Petiveria alliacea L. (P. alliacea) plant is traditionally used in folklore medicine throughout tropical regions of the world to treat arthritis, asthma, and cancer. Dibenzyl trisulfide (DTS) is one of the active ingredients within the P. alliacea plant. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis, particularly among women of West African ancestry, due in part to limited effective therapy. Though potent anticancer actions of DTS have been reported in a TNBC cell line, the mechanism of DTS-mediated cytotoxicity and cell death remains ill-defined. In the current study, we show that DTS exhibits cytotoxicity in a panel of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells derived from patients of European and West African ancestry. We found that DTS inhibits proliferation and migration of CRL-2335 cells derived from a patient of West African ancestry. DTS induces the expression of pro-apoptotic genes BAK1, GADD45a, and LTA in CRL2335 cells though it primarily promotes caspase-independent CRL-2335 cell death. DTS also promotes destabilization of the lysosomal membrane resulting in cathepsin B release in CRL-2335 cells. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves reveal that higher expression of BAK1 and LTA in tumors from patients with TNBC is associated with longer relapse-free survival. Collectively, our data suggest that DTS confers promising antitumor efficacy in TNBC, in part, via lysosomal-mediated, caspase-independent cell death to warrant furthering its development as an anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wooten
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America.
| | - Nicole Mavingire
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America.
| | - Cristina A. Araújo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, US,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, US
| | - Joyce Aja
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Shaniece Wauchope
- Natural Products Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| | - Rupika Delgoda
- Natural Products Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| | - Eileen Brantley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America; Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University Health School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gomez Martinez AE, Herr AE. Programmed Cell-Death Mechanism Analysis Using Same-Cell, Multimode DNA and Proteoform Electrophoresis. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2021; 1:139-146. [PMID: 34939076 PMCID: PMC8679084 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gaining insight into the timing of cell apoptosis events requires single-cell-resolution measurements of cell viability. We explore the supposition that mechanism-based scrutiny of programmed cell death would benefit from same-cell analysis of both the DNA state (intact vs fragmented) and the protein states, specifically the full-length vs cleaved state of the DNA-repair protein PARP1, which is cleaved by caspase-3 during caspase-dependent apoptosis. To make this same-cell, multimode measurement, we introduce the single-cell electrophoresis-based viability and protein (SEVAP) assay. Using SEVAP, we (1) isolate human breast cancer SKBR3 cells in microwells molded in thin polyacrylamide gels, (2) electrophoretically separate protein molecular states and DNA molecular states-using differences in electrophoretic mobility-from each single-cell lysate, and (3) perform in-gel DNA staining and PARP1 immunoprobing. Performed in an open microfluidic device, SEVAP scrutinized hundreds to thousands of individual SKBR3 cells. In each single-cell lysate separation, SEVAP baseline-resolved fragmented DNA from intact DNA (R s = 5.17) as well as cleaved PARP1 from full-length PARP1 (R s = 0.66). Comparing apoptotic and viable cells showed statistically similar profiles (expression, mobility, peak width) of housekeeping protein β-tubulin (Mann-Whitney U test). Clustering and cross-correlation analysis of DNA migration and PARP1 migration identified nonapoptotic vs apoptotic cells. Clustering analysis further suggested that cleaved PARP1 is a suitable apoptosis marker for this system. SEVAP is an efficient, multimode, end-point assay designed to elucidate cell-to-cell heterogeneity in mechanism-specific signaling during programmed cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana E. Gomez Martinez
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The
University of California Berkeley and University of California San
Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E. Herr
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The
University of California Berkeley and University of California San
Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chan
Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kojima I, Izumi F, Ozawa M, Fujimoto Y, Okajima M, Ito N, Sugiyama M, Masatani T. Analyses of cell death mechanisms related to amino acid substitution at position 95 in the rabies virus matrix protein. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33891533 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the avirulent fixed rabies virus strain Ni-CE induces a clear cytopathic effect in mouse neuroblastoma cells, whereas its virulent progenitor, the Nishigahara strain, does not. Infection with Nishigahara and Ni-CE mutants containing a single amino acid substitution in the matrix protein (M) demonstrated that the amino acid at position 95 of M (M95) is a cytopathic determinant. The characteristics of cell death induced by Ni-CE infection resemble those of apoptosis (rounded and shrunken cells, DNA fragmentation), but the intracellular signalling pathway for this process has not been fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which M95 affects cell death induced by human neuroblastoma cell infection with the Nishigahara, Ni-CE and M95-mutated strains. We demonstrated that the Ni-CE strain induced DNA fragmentation, cell membrane disruption, exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), activation of caspase-3/7 and anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage, an early apoptosis indicator, whereas the Nishigahara strain did not induce DNA fragmentation, caspase-3/7 activation, cell membrane disruption, or PARP-1 cleavage, but did induce PS exposure. We also demonstrated that these characteristics were associated with M95 using M95-mutated strains. However, we found that Ni-CE induced cell death despite the presence of a caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. In conclusion, our data suggest that M95 mutation-related cell death is caused by both the caspase-dependent and -independent pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isshu Kojima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Fumiki Izumi
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Misuzu Okajima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Naoto Ito
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barve A, Vega A, Shah PP, Ghare S, Casson L, Wunderlich M, Siskind LJ, Beverly LJ. Perturbation of Methionine/S-adenosylmethionine Metabolism as a Novel Vulnerability in MLL Rearranged Leukemia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111322. [PMID: 31717699 PMCID: PMC6912509 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias bearing mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangement (MLL-R) resulting in expression of oncogenic MLL fusion proteins (MLL-FPs) represent an especially aggressive disease subtype with the worst overall prognoses and chemotherapeutic response. MLL-R leukemias are uniquely dependent on the epigenetic function of the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L, which is misdirected by MLL-FPs activating gene expression, driving transformation and leukemogenesis. Given the functional necessity of these leukemias to maintain adequate methylation potential allowing aberrant activating histone methylation to proceed, driving leukemic gene expression, we investigated perturbation of methionine (Met)/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism as a novel therapeutic paradigm for MLL-R leukemia. Disruption of Met/SAM metabolism, by either methionine deprivation or pharmacologic inhibition of downstream metabolism, reduced overall cellular methylation potential, reduced relative cell numbers, and induced apoptosis selectively in established MLL-AF4 cell lines or MLL-AF6-expressing patient blasts but not in BCR-ABL-driven K562 cells. Global histone methylation dynamics were altered, with a profound loss of requisite H3K79 methylation, indicating inhibition of DOT1L function. Relative occupancy of the repressive H3K27me3 modification was increased at the DOT1L promoter in MLL-R cells, and DOT1L mRNA and protein expression was reduced. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of Met/SAM metabolism significantly prolonged survival in an advanced, clinically relevant patient–derived MLL-R leukemia xenograft model, in combination with cytotoxic induction chemotherapy. Our findings provide support for further investigation into the development of highly specific allosteric inhibitors of enzymatic mediators of Met/SAM metabolism or dietary manipulation of methionine levels. Such inhibitors may lead to enhanced treatment outcomes for MLL-R leukemia, along with cytotoxic chemotherapy or DOT1L inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Barve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.B.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Alexis Vega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Parag P. Shah
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Smita Ghare
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Lavona Casson
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Leah J. Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.B.); (L.J.S.)
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Levi J. Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.B.); (L.J.S.)
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (S.G.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-502-852-8968
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi X, Zhou N, Cheng J, Shi X, Huang H, Zhou M, Zhu H. Chlorogenic acid protects PC12 cells against corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity related to inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:56. [PMID: 31500666 PMCID: PMC6734305 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are evidences that chlorogenic acid (CGA) has antidepressant effects, however the underlying molecular mechanism has not been well understood. The aim of the study was to explore the neuroprotective effect of CGA on corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC 12 cells and its mechanism, especially the autophagy pathway. METHODS PC12 cells were incubated with CORT (0, 100, 200, 400 or 800 μM) for 24 h, cell viability was measured by MTT assay. PC12 cells were cultured with 400 μM of CORT in the absence or presence of CGA (25 μg/ml) for 24 h, morphologies and specific marker of autophagosome were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. In addition, PC12 cells were treated with different doses of CGA (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 μg/ml) with or without CORT (400 μM) for 24 h, cell viability and changes in the morphology were observed, and further analysis of apoptotic and autophagic proteins, and expression of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were carried out by Western blot. Specific inhibitors of autophagy 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) were added to the PC12 cells cultures to explore the potential role of autophagy in CORT-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. RESULTS Besides decreasing PC12 cell activity, CORT could also induce autophagy and apoptosis of PC12 cells, while CGA could reverse these effects. In addition, CGA treatment regulated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in PC12 cells. CGA, similar to 3-MA and QC, significantly inhibited CORT-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a new molecular mechanism for the treatment of CORT-induced neurotoxicity by CGA, and suggest CGA may be a potential substance which is can alleviate depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shi
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jieyi Cheng
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim EA, Sung EG, Song IH, Kim JY, Sung HJ, Sohn HY, Park JY, Lee TJ. Neferine-induced apoptosis is dependent on the suppression of Bcl-2 expression via downregulation of p65 in renal cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:734-742. [PMID: 31187116 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neferine is an alkaloid extracted from a seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera and has recently been shown to have anticancer effects in various human cancer cell lines. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of neferine-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated in renal cancer cells. In the present study, we observed that neferine induced inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis in Caki-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner by using MT assay and flow cytometry and that neferine-mediated apoptosis was attenuated by pretreatment with N-benzyloxycarbony-Val-Ala-Asp (O-methyl)-fluoromethyketone, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Treatments with neferine dose-dependently downregulated B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression at the transcriptional level determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The forced expression of Bcl-2 and p65 attenuated the neferine-mediated apoptosis in Caki-1 cells. In addition, neferine induced apoptosis by downregulating Bcl-2 and p65 expression in the other two kidney cancer cell lines determined by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Finally, we observed that treatment with neferine induced apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway through caspase-mediated cleavage of the p65 protein by western blot analysis. Collectively, this study demonstrated that neferine-induced apoptosis is mediated by the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression via repression of the NF-κB pathway in renal cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Nam-Gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eon-Gi Sung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Nam-Gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Nam-Gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Nam-Gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Sohn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Jong-Yi Park
- Gyeongbuk Institute For Bio-Industry, Andong, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Nam-Gu, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reddy SD, Siva B, Kumar K, Babu VSP, Sravanthi V, Boustie J, Nayak VL, Tiwari AK, Rao CHV, Sridhar B, Shashikala P, Babu KS. Comprehensive Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in Usnea longissima (Lichenized Ascomycetes, Parmeliaceae) Using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Barbatic Acid. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122270. [PMID: 31216770 PMCID: PMC6630668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the importance of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) hyphenated techniques for analysis of secondary metabolites from crude extracts, the present study was aimed at identification of secondary metabolites in acetone extract of the lichen Usnea longissima. From our study, 19 compounds were tentatively identified through comparison of exact molecular masses from their MS/MS spectra, mass fragmentation studies and comparison with literature data. In addition, potent cytotoxic activity of U. longissima extract prompted us to isolate four compounds, 18R-hydroxy-dihydroalloprotolichesterinic acid (19), neuropogolic acid (20), barbatic acid (21), and usnic acid (22) from this extract which were adequately identified through mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. All four compounds displayed cytotoxic activity. Barbatic acid (21) manifested doxorubicin equivalent activity against A549 lung cancer cell line with IC50 of 1.78 µM and strong G0/G1 accumulation of cells. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage confirmed that it induced cytotoxic activity via apoptosis. Finally, our work has discerned the depside, barbatic acid (21) from crude extract as a candidate anti-cancer molecule, which induces cell death by stepping up apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Divya Reddy
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
- Dept. of Pharmacy, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Bandi Siva
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Katragunta Kumar
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - V S Phani Babu
- Centre for NMR & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Vemireddy Sravanthi
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Joel Boustie
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - V Lakshma Nayak
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - C H V Rao
- Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Rana Pratap Marg, P.O. Box No. 436, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - B Sridhar
- Analytical Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - P Shashikala
- Dept. of Pharmacy, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| | - K Suresh Babu
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spaczyńska E, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Malarz K, Kos J, Gonec T, Oravec M, Gawecki R, Bak A, Dohanosova J, Kapustikova I, Liptaj T, Jampilek J, Musiol R. Design and synthesis of anticancer 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides with a p53 independent mechanism of action. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6387. [PMID: 31011161 PMCID: PMC6476888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 116 small-molecule 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides was designed based on the fragment-based approach and was synthesized according to the microwave-assisted protocol. The biological activity of all of the compounds was tested on human colon carcinoma cell lines including a deleted TP53 tumor suppressor gene. The mechanism of activity was studied according to the p53 status in the cell. Several compounds revealed a good to excellent activity that was similar to or better than the standard anticancer drugs. Some of these appeared to be more active against the p53 null cells than their wild-type counterparts. Intercalating the properties of these compounds could be responsible for their mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Spaczyńska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Jiri Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Gonec
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1, Brno, 612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Belidla 986/4a, Brno, 603 00, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Gawecki
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Jana Dohanosova
- Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava, 81237, Slovakia
| | - Iva Kapustikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Liptaj
- Central Laboratories, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava, 81237, Slovakia
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cyclosporine-A induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145 via downregulation of COX-2 and upregulation of TGFβ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2017-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Potential targets for prostate cancer therapy are urgently needed for curative of patients. Cyclosporine-A (CsA), an immunosuppressive and a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, exerts antitumor activity. However, the molecular effects of CsA is not fully understood in prostate cancer. In this research, we sought to determine role and mechanism of CsA in prostate cancer.
Materials and methods
PC3 and DU145 cells were treated with CsA time (12, 24, 48 h) and dose dependent (2.5, 10, 25 μM) and cell survival, migration, colony formation, expression of apoptosis related proteins/genes using MTT assay, scratch assay, Western blotting/qPCR. At the same time, cells treated with CsA to test on the effects of COX-2 promoter activity using luciferase reporter plasmid. Lastly, functional role in the CsA treatment prostate cancer cells were interrogated for relationship of TGFβ, Akt, caspases and COX-2.
Results
These study findings provided direct evidences that the CsA induced apoptosis and downregulated migration.
Conclusions
CsA downregulated Akt as well as COX-2 and upregulated TGFβ, resulting in the suppression of cell migration which was augmented a potential therapeutic of CsA in prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pham DC, Chang YC, Lin SR, Fuh YM, Tsai MJ, Weng CF. FAK and S6K1 Inhibitor, Neferine, Dually Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123110. [PMID: 30486505 PMCID: PMC6321370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neuroblastoma cancer is the most typical extracranial solid tumor. Yet, new remedial treatment therapies are demanded to overcome its sluggish survival rate. Neferine, isolated from the lotus embryos, inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of neferine in IMR32 human neuroblastoma cells and to expose the concealable molecular mechanisms. IMR32 cells were treated with different concentrations of neferine, followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess cell viability. In an effort to determine the molecular mechanisms in neferine-incubated IMR32 cells, cell cycle arrest, cell migration, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, Beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) protein expressions were investigated. Neferine strongly disrupted the neuroblastoma cell growth via induction of G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, neferine provoked autophagy and apoptosis in IMR32 cells, confirmed by p-FAK, and p-S6K1 reduction, LC3-II accumulation, Beclin-1 overexpression, and cleaved caspase-3/PARP improvement. Finally, neferine markedly retarded cell migration of neuroblastoma cancer cells. As a result, our findings for the first time showed an explicit anti-cancer effect of neferine in IMR32 cells, suggesting that neferine might be a potential candidate against human neuroblastoma cells to improve clinical outcomes with further in vivo investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Yu-Chuan Chang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Ming Fuh
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11260, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghosh C, Sarkar A, Anuja K, Das MC, Chakraborty A, Jawed JJ, Gupta P, Majumdar S, Banerjee B, Bhattacharjee S. Free radical stress induces DNA damage response in RAW264.7 macrophages during Mycobacterium smegmatis infection. Arch Microbiol 2018; 201:487-498. [PMID: 30386884 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability resulting from oxidative stress responses may be traced to chromosomal aberration. Oxidative stress suggests an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive free radicals and biological system's ability to repair resulting DNA damage and chromosomal aberration. Bacterial infection associated insult is considered as one of the major factors leading to such stress conditions. To study free radical responses by host cells, RAW 264.7 macrophages were infected with non-pathogenic M. smegmatis mc2155 at different time points. The infection process was followed up with an assessment of free radical stress, cytokine, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the resulting DNA damage profiles. Results of CFU count showed that maximum infection in macrophages was achieved after 9 h of infection. Host responses to the infection across different time periods were validated from nitric oxide quantification and expression of iNOS and were plotted at regular intervals. IL-10 and TNF-α expression profile at protein and mRNA level showed a heightened pro-inflammatory response by host macrophages to combat M. smegmatis infection. The expression of TLR4, a receptor for recognition of mycobacteria, in infected macrophages reached the highest level at 9 h of infection. Furthermore, comet tail length, micronuclei and γ-H2AX foci recorded the highest level at 9 h of infection, pointing to the fact that breakage in DNA double strands in macrophage reaches its peak at 9 h of infection. In contrast, treatment with ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) prevented host cell death through reduction in oxidative stress and DNA damage response during M. smegmatis infection. Therefore, it can be concluded that enhanced oxidative stress response in M. smegmatis infected macrophages might be correlated with DNA damage response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Ghosh
- Molecular stress and Stem Cell Biology Lab, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Avik Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Kumari Anuja
- Molecular stress and Stem Cell Biology Lab, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Manash C Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Abhik Chakraborty
- Molecular stress and Stem Cell Biology Lab, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Junaid Jibran Jawed
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, CIT Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Priya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, CIT Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Birendranath Banerjee
- Molecular stress and Stem Cell Biology Lab, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kulkarni YM, Yakisich JS, Azad N, Venkatadri R, Kaushik V, O'Doherty G, Iyer AKV. Anti-tumorigenic effects of a novel digitoxin derivative on both estrogen receptor-positive and triple-negative breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705331. [PMID: 28618929 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While there are targeted treatments for triple positive breast cancers, lack of specific biomarkers for triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) has hindered the development of therapies for this subset of cancers. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer properties of cardiac glycoside Digitoxin (Dtx) and its synthetic analog MonoD on breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer) and MDA-MB-468 (triple-negative breast cancer). Both cardiac glycosides, at concentrations within the therapeutic range, increased the fraction of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, decreased viability, and inhibited the migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Both cardiac glycosides increased production of superoxide and induced apoptosis in both cell types. Reduced protein levels of nuclear factor kappa B and IkappaB kinase-beta were found in cardiac glycoside-treated cells, indicating that the cellular effects of these compounds are mediated via nuclear factor kappa B pathway. This study demonstrates the cytotoxic potential of digitoxin, and more importantly its synthetic analog MonoD, in the treatment of triple-positive breast cancer and more importantly the aggressive triple-negative breast cancer. Collectively, this study provides a basis for the reevaluation of cardiac glycosides in the treatment of breast cancer and more importantly reveals their potential in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Kulkarni
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Juan S Yakisich
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Neelam Azad
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Rajkumar Venkatadri
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Vivek Kaushik
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - George O'Doherty
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand Krishnan V Iyer
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wobst HJ, Delsing L, Brandon NJ, Moss SJ. Truncation of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 is not a prerequisite for cytoplasmic relocalization, and is suppressed by caspase inhibition and by introduction of the A90V sequence variant. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177181. [PMID: 28510586 PMCID: PMC5433705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding and -processing protein TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is heavily linked to the underlying causes and pathology of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. In these diseases, TDP-43 is mislocalized, hyperphosphorylated, ubiquitinated, aggregated and cleaved. The importance of TDP-43 cleavage in the disease pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Here we detail the use of D-sorbitol as an exogenous stressor that causes TDP-43 cleavage in HeLa cells, resulting in a 35 kDa truncated product that accumulates in the cytoplasm within one hour of treatment. We confirm that the formation of this 35 kDa cleavage product is mediated by the activation of caspases. Inhibition of caspases blocks the cleavage of TDP-43, but does not prevent the accumulation of full-length protein in the cytoplasm. Using D-sorbitol as a stressor and caspase activator, we also demonstrate that the A90V variant of TDP-43, which lies adjacent to the caspase cleavage site within the nuclear localization sequence of TDP-43, confers partial resistance against caspase-mediated generation of the 35 kDa cleavage product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike J. Wobst
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Louise Delsing
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Science, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J. Brandon
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- AstraZeneca, Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Moss
- AstraZeneca-Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang L, Wang Y, Zheng H, Zhang D, Wu X, Sun G, Yang T. Low-dose 5-fluorouracil sensitizes HepG2 cells to TRAIL through TRAIL receptor DR5 and survivin-dependent mechanisms. J Chemother 2017; 29:179-188. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1277048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gongqin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Puspitasari IM, Yamazaki C, Abdulah R, Putri M, Kameo S, Nakano T, Koyama H. Protective effects of sodium selenite supplementation against irradiation-induced damage in non-cancerous human esophageal cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:449-454. [PMID: 28123581 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of radioprotective compounds is one approach to preventing radiation damage in non-cancerous tissues. Therefore, radioprotective compounds are crucial in clinical radiotherapy. Selenium is a radioprotective compound that has been used in previous clinical studies of radiotherapy. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of selenium in radiotherapy and the mechanisms underlying the selenium-induced reduction of the side effects of radiotherapy remains insufficient. To further investigate the effectiveness of selenium in radiotherapy, the present study examined the protective effects of sodium selenite supplementation administered prior to X-ray radiation treatment in CHEK-1 non-cancerous human esophageal cells. Sodium selenite supplementation increased glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The sodium selenite dose that induced the highest GPx-1 activity was determined to be 50 nM for 72 h prior to radiotherapy. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of sodium selenite in CHEK-1 cells was 3.6 µM. Sodium selenite supplementation increased the survival rate of the cells in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced the degree of cell viability at 72 h post-irradiation (P<0.05). Combined treatment with 50 nM sodium selenite and 2 gray (Gy) X-ray irradiation decreased the number of sub-G1 cells from 5.9 to 4.2% (P<0.05) and increased the proportion of G1 cells from 58.8 to 62.1%, compared with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation alone; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=1.00). Western blot analysis revealed that treatment with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation significantly increased the expression levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP; P<0.05). In addition, combined treatment with 50 nM sodium selenite and 2 Gy X-ray irradiation reduced the expression levels of cleaved PARP protein, compared with 2 Gy X-ray irradiation alone; however, this reduction was not statistically significant (P=0.423). These results suggest that 50 nM sodium selenite supplementation administered for 72 h prior to irradiation may protect CHEK-1 cells from irradiation-induced damage by inhibiting irradiation-induced apoptosis. Therefore, sodium selenite is a potential radioprotective compound for non-cancerous cells in clinical radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma M Puspitasari
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Chiho Yamazaki
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Mirasari Putri
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameo
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koyama
- Department of Public Health, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan W, Du J, Du Y, Pu H, Liu S, He J, Zhang J, Hou J. Fenretinide targets the side population in myeloma cell line NCI-H929 and potentiates the efficacy of antimyeloma with bortezomib and dexamethasone regimen. Leuk Res 2016; 51:32-40. [PMID: 27821288 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells, a subset of enriched tumor initiating cells, have been demonstrated to have stem cell-like properties in multiple myeloma (MM) by us as well as other previous studies. A lack of agents targeting tumor initiating cells, however, represents a challenge in the treatment of MM. Previously, fenretinide, a well-tolerated vitamin A derivative, has been shown to exert effect on leukemic stem cells, but its actions against myeloma stem-like cells are still unknown. In this study, the effects of fenretinide on myeloma stem-like cells characteristic was comprehensively examined in SP and non-SP (MP) cells of NCI-H929 cell sorted by flow cytometry-based on Hoechst 33342 stain. We find that fenretinide is capable of eradicating MM SP and MP cells, but not normal bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) at physiologically achievable concentrations. Fenretinide alone exerted a selective cytotoxic effect on MM SP cells, as well as in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone. In particular, SP cells were highly sensitive to fenretinide, and in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in colony formation and apoptosis assays. Accordingly, the apparent fenretinide-induced-apoptosis was linked to the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we propose that fenretinide is a potent agent that targets tumor initiating cells and may be a promising therapeutic agent in MM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Honglei Pu
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in human colon cancer stem cells independent of p53 status via suppression of c-Myc and cyclin D1. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
|
20
|
Dan X, Liu W, Wong JH, Ng TB. A Ribonuclease Isolated from Wild Ganoderma Lucidum Suppressed Autophagy and Triggered Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:217. [PMID: 27504094 PMCID: PMC4958627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been consumed in China as a medicine for promoting health and longevity for thousands of years. Due to its paramount and multiple pharmaceutical effects, G. lucidum has received considerable attention from researchers and its chemical constituents as well as their respective functions were gradually unveiled by using modern research methods. Herein, we reported the isolation of a protein (Ganoderma lucidum ribonuclease, GLR) with anti-colorectal cancer activities from G. lucidum. This protein is a 17.4-kDa RNA degrading enzyme (ribonuclease) and was purified by using liquid chromatography procedures. GLR manifested potent anti-proliferative and anti-colony formation activities on HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 phase through the regulation of cyclin D1 and P53 expression. GLR was demonstrated to induce cell apoptosis in HCT116 cells by activating unfolded protein response and caspase-9 regulated pathways. Besides, the ability to undergo autophagy which is a stress adaption mechanism to cope with metabolic crisis was significantly suppressed by GLR treatment in HCT116 cells. The activation of apoptosis in GLR-treated HT29 cells was, however, independent of caspase-9 and the suppression of autophagy was also relatively minor. Thus the apoptosis of HT29 cells triggered by GLR was much milder than that in HCT116 cells. Our findings show that the RNase from G. lucidum may be one of the bioactive components that contribute to the anti-colorectal cancer activity of G. lucidum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biomedical Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen, China
| | - Jack H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi B Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cao J, Heijkants RC, Jochemsen AG, Dogrusöz M, de Lange MJ, van der Velden PA, van der Burg SH, Jager MJ, Verdijk RM. Targeting of the MAPK and AKT pathways in conjunctival melanoma shows potential synergy. Oncotarget 2016; 8:58021-58036. [PMID: 28938534 PMCID: PMC5601630 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare but lethal form of cancer. Similar to cutaneous melanoma, CM frequently carries activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS. We studied whether CM as well as conjunctival benign and premalignant melanocytic lesions express targets in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT pathways, and whether specific inhibitors can suppress CM growth in vitro. METHODS 131 conjunctival lesions obtained from 129 patients were collected. The presence of BRAF V600E mutation and expression of phosphorylated (p)-ERK and p-AKT were assessed by immunohistochemistry. We studied cell proliferation, phosphorylation, cell cycling and apoptosis in three CM cell lines using two BRAF inhibitors (Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib), a MEK inhibitor (MEK162) and an AKT inhibitor (MK2206). RESULTS The BRAF V600E mutation was present in 19% of nevi and 26% of melanomas, but not in primary acquired melanosis (PAM). Nuclear and cytoplasmic p-ERK and p-AKT were expressed in all conjunctival lesions. Both BRAF inhibitors suppressed growth of both BRAF mutant CM cell lines, but only one induced cell death. MEK162 and MK2206 inhibited proliferation of CM cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the combination of these two drugs led to synergistic growth inhibition and cell death in all CM cell lines. CONCLUSION ERK and AKT are constitutively activated in conjunctival nevi, PAM and melanoma. While BRAF inhibitors prohibited cell growth, they were not always cytotoxic. Combining MEK and AKT inhibitors led to more growth inhibition and cell death in CM cells. The combination may benefit patients suffering from metastatic conjunctival melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Renier C Heijkants
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Dogrusöz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Lange
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang Q, Li L, Li L, Chen H, Dang Y, Zhang J, Shao N, Chang H, Zhou Z, Liu C, He B, Wei H, Xiao J. MDM2 knockdown mediated by a triazine-modified dendrimer in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:44013-44022. [PMID: 27259273 PMCID: PMC5190075 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the five-year survival rate is lower in advanced NSCLC patients. Chemotherapy is a widely used strategy in NSCLC treatment, but is usually limited by poor therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects. Therefore, a new therapeutic regimen is needed for NSCLC treatment. Gene therapy is a new strategy in the treatment of NSCLC. However, the lack of efficient and low toxic vectors remains the major obstacle. Here, we developed a biocompatible dendrimer as a non-viral vector for the delivery of mouse double minute2 (MDM2) siRNA in vitro and in vivo to treat NSCLC. The triazine-modified dendrimer efficiently stimulates the down-regulation of MDM2 gene in NSCLC PC9 cells, which induces significant cell apoptosis through the activation of apoptosis markers such as caspase-8 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Furthermore, the dendrimer/MDM2 siRNA polyplexes showed excellent activity in the inhibition of tumor growth in a PC9 xenograft tumor model. These results suggested that inhibition the expression of MDM2 might be a potential target in NSCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yongyan Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jishen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Naimin Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhengjie Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chongyi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Bingwei He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin KY, Cheng SM, Tsai SL, Tsai JY, Lin CH, Cheung CHA. Delivery of a survivin promoter-driven antisense survivin-expressing plasmid DNA as a cancer therapeutic: a proof-of-concept study. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2601-13. [PMID: 27217778 PMCID: PMC4862386 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins family. It is overexpressed in many different cancer types but not in the differentiated normal tissue. In addition, overexpression of survivin promotes cancer cell survival and induces chemotherapeutic drug resistance, making it an attractive target for new anticancer interventions. Despite survivin being a promising molecular target for anticancer treatment, it is widely accepted that survivin is only a "semi-druggable" target. Therefore, it is important to develop a new strategy to target survivin for anticancer treatment. In this study, we constructed a novel survivin promoter-driven full-length antisense survivin (pSur/AS-Sur) expression plasmid DNA. Promoter activity assay revealed that the activity of the survivin promoter of pSur/AS-Sur correlated with the endogenous expression of survivin at the transcriptional level in the transfected A549, MDA-MB-231, and PANC-1 cancer cells. Western blot analysis showed that liposomal delivery of pSur/AS-Sur successfully downregulated the expression of survivin in A549, MBA-MB-231, and PANC-1 cells in vitro. In addition, delivery of pSur/AS-Sur induced autophagy, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and caspase-independent apoptosis as indicated by the increased LC3B-II conversion, autophagosome formation, caspase-9/-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 cleavage, and apoptosis-inducing factor nuclear translocation in A549, MBA-MB-231, and PANC-1 cells. Importantly, liposomal delivery of pSur/AS-Sur was also capable of decreasing the proliferation of the survivin/MDR1 coexpressing multidrug-resistant KB-TAX50 cancer cells and the estrogen receptor-positive tamoxifen-resistant MCF7-TamC3 cancer cells in vitro. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that delivery of a survivin promoter-driven antisense survivin-expressing plasmid DNA is a promising way to target survivin and to treat survivin-expressing cancers in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Siao Muk Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shing-Ling Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ju-Ya Tsai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hui Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shrestha N, Chand L, Han MK, Lee SO, Kim CY, Jeong YJ. Glutamine inhibits CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in mice and TGF-β1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 93:129-37. [PMID: 27137983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine, traditionally a non-essential amino acid, now has been considered as essential in serious illness and injury. It is a major precursor for glutathione synthesis. However, the anti-fibrotic effect of glutamine and its molecular mechanism in experimental liver fibrosis have not been explored. In the present study we aimed to examine the potential role of glutamine in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis and TGF-β1 mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes. Liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 three times a week for 10 weeks. Glutamine treatment effectively attenuated liver injury and oxidative stress. Collagen content was significantly decreased in liver sections of glutamine treated mice compared to CCl4 model mice. Furthermore, glutamine decreased expression level of α-SMA and TGF-β in liver tissue. Our in vitro study showed that TGF-β1 treatment in hepatocytes resulted in loss of E-cadherin and increased expression of mesenchymal markers and EMT related transcription factor. In addition, TGF-β1 increased the expression of apoptotic markers. However, glutamine interestingly suppressed TGF-β1 mediated EMT and apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggest that glutamine ameliorates CCl4 induced liver fibrosis and suppresses TGF-β1 induced EMT progression and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Lokendra Chand
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Myung Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Chan Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 561-712, Jeonju, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bekele RT, Venkatraman G, Liu RZ, Tang X, Mi S, Benesch MGK, Mackey JR, Godbout R, Curtis JM, McMullen TPW, Brindley DN. Oxidative stress contributes to the tamoxifen-induced killing of breast cancer cells: implications for tamoxifen therapy and resistance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21164. [PMID: 26883574 PMCID: PMC4756695 DOI: 10.1038/srep21164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen is the accepted therapy for patients with estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. However, clinical resistance to tamoxifen, as demonstrated by recurrence or progression on therapy, is frequent and precedes death from metastases. To improve breast cancer treatment it is vital to understand the mechanisms that result in tamoxifen resistance. This study shows that concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites, which accumulate in tumors of patients, killed both ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancer cells. This depended on oxidative damage and anti-oxidants rescued the cancer cells from tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. Breast cancer cells responded to tamoxifen-induced oxidation by increasing Nrf2 expression and subsequent activation of the anti-oxidant response element (ARE). This increased the transcription of anti-oxidant genes and multidrug resistance transporters. As a result, breast cancer cells are able to destroy or export toxic oxidation products leading to increased survival from tamoxifen-induced oxidative damage. These responses in cancer cells also occur in breast tumors of tamoxifen-treated mice. Additionally, high levels of expression of Nrf2, ABCC1, ABCC3 plus NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone-1 in breast tumors of patients at the time of diagnosis were prognostic of poor survival after tamoxifen therapy. Therefore, overcoming tamoxifen-induced activation of the ARE could increase the efficacy of tamoxifen in treating breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raie T Bekele
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Si Mi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Lipid Chemistry Group), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Matthew G K Benesch
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - John R Mackey
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Curtis
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (Lipid Chemistry Group), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Todd P W McMullen
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1Z2, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Walter C Mackenzie Health Science Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reis FS, Sousa D, Barros L, Martins A, Morales P, Ferreira ICFR, Vasconcelos MH. Leccinum vulpinum Watling induces DNA damage, decreases cell proliferation and induces apoptosis on the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 90:45-54. [PMID: 26854920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current work aimed to study the antitumour activity of a phenolic extract of the edible mushroom Leccinum vulpinum Watling, rich essentially in hydroxybenzoic acids. In a first approach, the mushroom extract was tested against cancer cell growth by using four human tumour cell lines. Given the positive results obtained in these initial screening experiments and the evidence of some studies for an inverse relationship between mushroom consumption and breast cancer risk, a detailed study of the bioactivity of the extract was carried out on MCF-7 cells. Once the selected cell line to precede the work was the breast adenocarcinoma cell line, the human breast non-malignant cell line MCF-10A was used as control. Overall, the extract decreased cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the extract causes cellular DNA damage. Data obtained highlight the potential of mushrooms as a source of biologically active compounds, particularly with antitumour activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa S Reis
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal; Dpto. Nutrición y Bromatología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Pza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Anabela Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patricia Morales
- Dpto. Nutrición y Bromatología II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Pza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yousef BA, Guerram M, Hassan HM, Hamdi AM, Zhang LY, Jiang ZZ. Pristimerin demonstrates anticancer potential in colorectal cancer cells by inducing G1 phase arrest and apoptosis and suppressing various pro-survival signaling proteins. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1091-100. [PMID: 26718323 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pristimerin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that has a cytotoxic effect on several cancer cell lines. However, the cytotoxic effects of pristimerin as well as its molecular mechanisms of action against colorectal cancer have never been explored. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer potential of pristimerin, and examined the different signaling pathways affected by its action in three colon cancer cell lines namely HCT-116, COLO-205 and SW-620. Pristimerin was found to possess potent cytotoxic and proliferation inhibitory effects against these cell lines. Cell cycle analysis revealed G1 phase arrest, which was strongly associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk4 and cdk6) with concomitant induction of p21. Pristimerin also induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Cell plasma membrane alterations studied by Annexin V/PI double staining, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), measurements of caspase activities and the inhibitory effect of Z-VAD-FMK (a caspase inhibitor) confirmed the apoptotic effect of pristimerin. Moreover, western blot data showed that apoptotic induction was associated with activated caspase-3 and -8, PARP-1 cleavage and modulation of the expression levels of Bcl-2 family proteins. Additionally, pristimerin treatment downregulated the phosphorylated forms of EGFR and HER2 proteins, and subsequently caused a decrease in the phosphorylated forms of Erk1/2, Akt, mTOR and NF-κB proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that pristimerin may have potential as a new targeting therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashir A Yousef
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Mounia Guerram
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hozeifa M Hassan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Aida M Hamdi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mohanty S, Dal Molin M, Ganguli G, Padhi A, Jena P, Selchow P, Sengupta S, Meuli M, Sander P, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxO (Rv2346c) promotes bacillary survival by inducing oxidative stress mediated genomic instability in macrophages. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 96:44-57. [PMID: 26786654 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survives inside the macrophages by modulating the host immune responses in its favor. The 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6; esxA) of Mtb is known as a potent virulence and T-cell antigenic determinant. At least 23 such ESAT-6 family proteins are encoded in the genome of Mtb; however, the function of many of them is still unknown. We herein report that ectopic expression of Mtb Rv2346c (esxO), a member of ESAT-6 family proteins, in non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis strain (MsmRv2346c) aids host cell invasion and intracellular bacillary persistence. Further mechanistic studies revealed that MsmRv2346c infection abated macrophage immunity by inducing host cell death and genomic instability as evident from the appearance of several DNA damage markers. We further report that the induction of genomic instability in infected cells was due to increase in the hosts oxidative stress responses. MsmRv2346c infection was also found to induce autophagy and modulate the immune function of macrophages. In contrast, blockade of Rv2346c induced oxidative stress by treatment with ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented the host cell death, autophagy induction and genomic instability in infected macrophages. Conversely, MtbΔRv2346c mutant did not show any difference in intracellular survival and oxidative stress responses. We envision that Mtb ESAT-6 family protein Rv2346c dampens antibacterial effector functions namely by inducing oxidative stress mediated genomic instability in infected macrophages, while loss of Rv2346c gene function may be compensated by other redundant ESAT-6 family proteins. Thus EsxO plays an important role in mycobacterial pathogenesis in the context of innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Michael Dal Molin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 32, CH 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Avinash Padhi
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prajna Jena
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Petra Selchow
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 32, CH 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srabasti Sengupta
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Michael Meuli
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 32, CH 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 32, CH 8006 Zurich, Switzerland; National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Gloriastrasse 30, CH 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Han NR, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. The potential anti-proliferative effect of β-sitosterol on human mast cell line-1 cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:979-83. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was reported to induce mast cell proliferation and aggravate allergic reactions through activation of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). We aimed to ascertain that β-sitosterol (SI), which is one of the several phytosterols found mostly in foods, would regulate TSLP-induced mast cell proliferation. The results showed that SI significantly decreased the proliferation of human mast cell line (HMC-1) cells promoted by TSLP. SI significantly decreased the mRNA expression of Ki-67 in the TSLP-treated HMC-1 cells. SI significantly suppressed the production and mRNA expression of interleukin-13 in the TSLP-treated HMC-1 cells. Furthermore, SI downregulated the expression of MDM2 and phosphorylation of STAT6, whereas it upregulated the expression of p53, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase in the TSLP-treated HMC-1 cells. Results of this study suggest that SI may be a potential therapeutic agent for mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Technology and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu D, Li L, Liu L, Dong H, Deng Q, Yang X, Song E, Song Y. Polychlorinated biphenyl quinone induces mitochondrial-mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1063-1072. [PMID: 24604693 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) quinones are known to cause toxic effects, but their mechanisms are quite unclear. In this study, we examined whether 2,3,5-trichloro-6-phenyl-[1,4]benzoquinone, PCB29-pQ, induces cell death via apoptosis pathway. Our result showed PCB29-pQ exposure decreased HepG2 cell viability in a time-dependent manner. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay also implied the cytotoxicity of PCB29-pQ. 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining and flow cytometry assays both confirmed PCB29-pQ caused dose-dependent apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, we found that PCB29-pQ exposure increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced the translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol in HepG2 cells. Moreover, PCB29-pQ exposure induced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) downregulation and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) upregulation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, accompanied with the increased caspase-3/9 and p53 expressions. Taking together, these results suggested PCB29-pQ induced HepG2 cells apoptosis through a ROS-driven, mitochondrial-mediated and caspase-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brasseur K, Auger P, Asselin E, Parent S, Côté JC, Sirois M. Parasporin-2 from a New Bacillus thuringiensis 4R2 Strain Induces Caspases Activation and Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135106. [PMID: 26263002 PMCID: PMC4532506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, parasporin-2Aa1, originally isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis strain A1547, was shown to be cytotoxic against specific human cancer cells but the mechanisms of action were not studied. In the present study, we found that proteinase K activated parasporin-2Aa1 protein isolated from a novel B. thuringiensis strain, 4R2, was specifically cytotoxic to endometrial, colon, liver, cervix, breast and prostate cancer. It showed no toxicity against normal cells. Upon treatment with proteinase K-activated parasporin-2Aa1, morphological changes were observed and western blot analysis revealed the cleavage of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in cancer cell lines exclusively, indicative of programmed cell death, apoptosis. Flow cytometry analyses,using propidium iodide and annexin V, as well as a caspases 3/7 assay confirmed apoptosis induction. Further analyses were performed to study survival pathways, including AKT, XIAP, ERK1/2 and PAR-4, a known inducer of apoptosis. These results indicate that parasporin-2Aa1 is a selective cytotoxic protein that induces apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines from diverse tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brasseur
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. Des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Pascal Auger
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. Des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Eric Asselin
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. Des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Sophie Parent
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. Des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | - Jean-Charles Côté
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, 430, Boul. Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec, Canada J3B 3E6
| | - Marc Sirois
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. Des Forges, CP 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rahman FU, Ali A, Guo R, Zhang YC, Wang H, Li ZT, Zhang DW. Synthesis and anticancer activities of a novel class of mono- and di-metallic Pt(ii)(salicylaldiminato)(DMSO or Picolino)Cl complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2166-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03018d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and di-metallic Pt(ii)(salicylaldiminato)(DMSO or Picolino)Cl complexes as potential cytotoxic agents against tested human breast (MCF-7), liver (HepG2), lung (A549), colon (HCT116) and cervical (Hela) cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cytotoxic effects exerted by pentachlorophenol by targeting nodal pro-survival signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancer cells. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:1162-1174. [PMID: 28962326 PMCID: PMC5598403 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest human solid tumors in the developed countries characterized by high resistance toward chemotherapeutic treatment. We have previously shown that silencing of the pro-survival protein kinase CK2 by RNA interference contributes to enhance the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent 2′,2′-difluoro 2′-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine). Initial experiments showed that pentachlorophenol (PCP) inhibits CK2 and induces cell death in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. We report here evidence that exposure of this type of cells to PCP induces caspase-mediated apoptosis, inhibition of the lysosome cysteine protease cathepsin B and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Beside cellular inhibition of CK2, the analysis of signaling pathways deregulated in pancreatic cancer cells revealed that PCP causes decreased phosphorylation levels of NF-κB/p65, suppresses its nuclear translocation and leads to activation of JNK-mediated stress response. Surprisingly, exposure to PCP results in increased phosphorylation levels of AKT at the canonical S473 and T308 activation sites supporting previous data showing that AKT phosphorylation is not predictive of tumor cell response to treatment. Taken together, our study provides novel insights into the effects induced by the exposure of pancreatic cancer cells to chlorinated aromatic compounds posing the basis for more advanced studies in vivo.
Collapse
|
34
|
Salucci S, Burattini S, Curzi D, Buontempo F, Martelli AM, Zappia G, Falcieri E, Battistelli M. Antioxidants in the prevention of UVB-induced keratynocyte apoptosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:1-9. [PMID: 25305749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin cells can respond to UVB-induced damage by counteracting it through antioxidant activation and DNA repair mechanisms or, when damage is massive by undergoing programmed cell death. Antioxidant factors, and, in particular, food compounds, have attracted much interest because of their potential use in new protective strategies for degenerative skin disorders. Melatonin, creatine and hydroxytyrosol show a variety of pharmacological and clinical benefits including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, the potential protective actions of antioxidant compounds against UVB-induced apoptosis were investigated in human keratinocytes. The cells were pre-treated with antioxidants before UVB exposure and their effect evaluated by means of ultrastructural and molecular analyses. After UVB radiation typical morphological apoptotic features and in situ DNA fragmentation after TUNEL reaction, appeared. A significant numerical decrease of apoptotic patterns could be observed when antioxidants were administrated before cell death induction. Moreover, both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways appeared activated after UVB radiation, and their down-regulation has been shown when antioxidants were added to cells before death induction. In conclusion, these compounds are able to prevent apoptotic cell death in human keratinocytes exposed to UVB, suggesting, for these molecules, an important role in preventing skin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | | | - Davide Curzi
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- DiSTeVA, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino 61029, Italy; IGM, CNR, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Aryal P, Kim K, Park PH, Ham S, Cho J, Song K. Baicalein induces autophagic cell death through AMPK/ULK1 activation and downregulation of mTORC1 complex components in human cancer cells. FEBS J 2014; 281:4644-58. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Aryal
- Department of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
| | - Kijoong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- Department of Pharmacy; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Seongho Ham
- Jeollanamdo Development Institute of Traditional Korean Medicine; Jangheung-goon Korea
| | - Junghee Cho
- Jeollanamdo Development Institute of Traditional Korean Medicine; Jangheung-goon Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Department of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
- Integrated Omics Institute; Wonkwang University; Iksan Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Urbaczek AC, Ribeiro LCDA, Ximenes VF, Afonso A, Nogueira CT, Generoso WC, Alberice JV, Rudnicki M, Ferrer R, da Fonseca LM, da Costa PI. Inflammatory response of endothelial cells to hepatitis C virus recombinant envelope glycoprotein 2 protein exposure. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:748-56. [PMID: 25317702 PMCID: PMC4238766 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes approximately 10 different structural and non-structural proteins, including the envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2). HCV proteins, especially the envelope proteins, bind to cell receptors and can damage tissues. Endothelial inflammation is the most important determinant of fibrosis progression and, consequently, cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the inflammatory response of endothelial cells to two recombinant forms of the HCV E2 protein produced in different expression systems (Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris). We observed the induction of cell death and the production of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor A in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by the two recombinant E2 proteins. The E2-induced apoptosis of HUVECs was confirmed using the molecular marker PARP. The apoptosis rescue observed when the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine was used suggests that reactive oxygen species are involved in E2-induced apoptosis. We propose that these proteins are involved in the chronic inflammation caused by HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Urbaczek
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas,
Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual
Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Afonso
- Departamento de Parasitologia Médica, Unidade de Parasitologia Médica e
Microbiologia, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropcal, Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São
Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
- Grupo de Bioanalítica, Microfabricações e Separações, Departamento de
Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Camila Tita Nogueira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas,
Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Wesley Cardoso Generoso
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São
Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Vieira Alberice
- Grupo de Bioanalítica, Microfabricações e Separações, Departamento de
Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São
Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Martina Rudnicki
- Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo,
SP, Brasil
| | - Renila Ferrer
- Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo,
SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Marcos da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas,
Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Inácio da Costa
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas,
Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ji XY, Xue ST, Zhan YC, Shen JJ, Wu LT, Jin J, Wang Z, Li ZR. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of a novel class of indole-2-carboxylate derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:409-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Menon VR, Peterson EJ, Valerie K, Farrell NP, Povirk LF. Ligand modulation of a dinuclear platinum compound leads to mechanistic differences in cell cycle progression and arrest. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1708-20. [PMID: 24161784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite similar structures and DNA binding profiles, two recently synthesized dinuclear platinum compounds are shown to elicit highly divergent effects on cell cycle progression. In colorectal HCT116 cells, BBR3610 shows a classical G2/M arrest with initial accumulation in S phase, but the derivative compound BBR3610-DACH, formed by introduction of the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as carrier ligand, results in severe G1/S as well as G2/M phase arrest, with nearly complete S phase depletion. The origin of this unique effect was studied. Cellular interstrand crosslinking as assayed by comet analysis was similar for both compounds, confirming previous in vitro results obtained on plasmid DNA. Immunoblotting revealed a stabilization of p53 and concomitant transient increases in p21 and p27 proteins after treatment with BBR3610-DACH. Cell viability assays and cytometric analysis of p53 and p21 null cells indicated that BBR3610-DACH-induced cell cycle arrest was p21-dependent and partially p53-dependent. However, an increase in the levels of cyclin E was observed with steady state levels of CDK2 and Cdc25A, suggesting that the G1 block occurs downstream of CDK/cyclin complex formation. The G2/M block was corroborated with decreased levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1. Surprisingly, BBR3610-DACH-induced G1 block was independent of ATM and ATR. Finally, both compounds induced apoptosis, with BBR3610-DACH showing a robust PARP-1 cleavage that was not associated with caspase-3/7 cleavage. In summary, BBR3610-DACH is a DNA binding platinum agent with unique inhibitory effects on cell cycle progression that could be further developed as a chemotherapeutic agent complementary to cisplatin and oxaliplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay R Menon
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Brasseur K, Leblanc V, Fabi F, Parent S, Descôteaux C, Bérubé G, Asselin E. ERα-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer cells by a novel estradiol-platinum(II) hybrid. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2281-95. [PMID: 23677930 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As we previously showed, we have synthesized a new family of 17β-estradiol-platinum(II) hybrids. Earlier studies revealed the VP-128 hybrid to show high efficiency compared with cisplatin toward hormone-dependent breast cancer cells. In the present research, we have studied the antitumor activity of VP-128 in vitro and in vivo against ovarian cancer. In nude mice with ovarian xenografts, VP-128 displayed selective activity toward hormone-dependent tumors and showed higher efficiency than cisplatin to inhibit tumor growth. Similarly, in vitro, transient transfection of estrogen receptor (ER)-α in ERα-negative A2780 cells increased their sensitivity to VP-128-induced apoptosis, confirming the selectivity of VP-128 toward hormone-dependent tumor cells. In agreement, Western blot analysis revealed that VP-128 induced higher caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage compared with cisplatin. The activation of caspase-independent apoptosis was also observed in ERα-negative A2780 cells, in which VP-128 rapidly induced the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor to the nucleus. Conversely, subcellular localization of apoptosis-inducing factor was not modified in ERα-positive Ovcar-3 cells. We also discovered that VP-128 induces autophagy in ovarian cancer cells because of the formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and increase of Light Chain 3B-II protein responsible for the formation of autophagosomes; pathways related to autophagy (AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin) were also down-regulated, supporting this mechanism. Finally, the inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine increased VP-128 efficiency, indicating a possible combination therapy. Altogether these results highlight the beneficial value of VP-128 for the treatment of hormone-dependent ovarian cancers and provide preliminary proof of concept for the efficient targeting of ERα- by 17β-estradiol-Pt(II)-linked chemotherapeutic hybrids in these tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Brasseur
- Research Group in Molecular Oncology and Endocrinology, Department of Medical Biology, Canada Research Chair in Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada G9A 5H7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Backman LJ, Danielson P. Akt-mediated anti-apoptotic effects of substance P in Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis of human tenocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:723-33. [PMID: 23577779 PMCID: PMC3823176 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) and its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1 R), are expressed by human tenocytes, and they are both up-regulated in cases of tendinosis, a condition associated with excessive apoptosis. It is known that SP can phosphorylate/activate the protein kinase Akt, which has anti-apoptotic effects. This mechanism has not been studied for tenocytes. The aims of this study were to investigate if Anti-Fas treatment is a good apoptosis model for human tenocytes in vitro, if SP protects from Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis, and by which mechanisms SP mediates an anti-apoptotic response. Anti-Fas treatment resulted in a time- and dose-dependent release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), i.e. induction of cell death, and SP dose-dependently reduced the Anti-Fas-induced cell death through a NK-1 R specific pathway. The same trend was seen for the TUNEL assay, i.e. SP reduced Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis via NK-1 R. In addition, it was shown that SP reduces Anti-Fas-induced decrease in cell viability as shown with crystal violet assay. Protein analysis using Western blot confirmed that Anti-Fas induces cleavage/activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP; both of which were inhibited by SP via NK-1 R. Finally, SP treatment resulted in phosphorylation/activation of Akt as shown with Western blot, and it was confirmed that the anti-apoptotic effect of SP was, at least partly, induced through the Akt-dependent pathway. In conclusion, we show that SP reduces Anti-Fas-induced apoptosis in human tenocytes and that this anti-apoptotic effect of SP is mediated through NK-1 R and Akt-specific pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mo S, Xiong H, Shu G, Yang X, Wang J, Zheng C, Xiong W, Mei Z. Phaseoloideside E, a Novel Natural Triterpenoid Saponin Identified From Entada phaseoloides, Induces Apoptosis in Ec-109 Esophageal Cancer Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 122:163-75. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12193fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
42
|
Kim EY, Yu JS, Yang M, Kim AK. Sub-toxic dose of apigenin sensitizes HepG2 cells to TRAIL through ERK-dependent up-regulation of TRAIL receptor DR5. Mol Cells 2013; 35:32-40. [PMID: 23224239 PMCID: PMC3887848 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is regarded as a promising candidate for anticancer therapy due to its selective toxicity to cancer cells. Nevertheless, because of TRAIL resistance in some cancer cells, combined treatment with sensitizing agents is required to enhance the anticancer potential of TRAIL. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of apigenin-induced sensitization of HepG2 cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. Synergistic induction of apoptosis by combination was confirmed by examining the typical morphology changes of apoptosis, PARP-cleavage, and activation of effector caspases. Z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, inhibited the enhanced cell death by combined treatment of apigenin and TRAIL, demonstrating that a caspase-dependent pathway is involved in apigenin/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. In addition, we found that apigenin/ TRAIL co-treatment up-regulates DR5 cell surface expression. The synergistic induction of cell death by the apigenin/ TRAIL combination was significantly attenuated by DR5 blocking chimera antibody. Next, using pharmacological inhibitors, we found that ERK activation is involved in the induction of DR5 expression. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 significantly decreased the apigenin/TRAIL-induced DR5 expression and apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that apigenin can enhance the apoptotic effect of TRAIL via ERK-induced up-regulation of DR5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Ji Sun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Mihi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - An Keun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aweya JJ, Mak TM, Lim SG, Tan YJ. The p7 protein of the hepatitis C virus induces cell death differently from the influenza A virus viroporin M2. Virus Res 2012; 172:24-34. [PMID: 23246447 PMCID: PMC7114515 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most viruses encode proteins that modulate cell-death signaling by the host. For hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, apoptosis and other forms of cell-death have been observed in vitro and in vivo but the detailed understanding of this intricate viral-host interplay is unclear. This study examined the role played by the HCV p7 protein in the induction of cell-death. By measuring caspase-3/7 activation and cleavage of endogenous PARP, two hallmarks of apoptosis, the overexpression of p7 protein was shown to induce apoptosis in Huh7.5 cells. Furthermore, p7-induced apoptosis is caspase-dependent and involves both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Similar to the M2 protein of influenza A virus, p7-induced apoptosis is independent of its ion channel activity. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments further showed that both M2 and p7 interact with the essential autophagy protein Beclin-1. However, only the M2 protein could cause an increase in the level of LC3-II, which is an indicator of autophagic activity. Thus, although the p7 protein is functionally similar to the well-characterized M2 protein, they differ in their activation of autophagic cell-death. Taken together, these results shed more light on the relationship between the HCV p7 ion channel protein and cell-death induction in host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
NSP 5a3a is a novel structural protein found to be over-expressed in certain cancer cell lines in-vitro such as Hela, Saos-2, and MCF-7 while barely detectable levels in normal body tissues except for Testis. This particular isoform has been known to interact with cyto- nuclear proteins B23, known to be involved in multi-faceted cellular processes such as cell division, apoptosis, ribosome biogenesis, and rRNA processing, as well as with hnRNP-L, known to be involved with RNA metabolism and rRNA processing. A previous preliminary investigation of NSP 5a3a as a potential target in Head and Neck Carcinoma revealed a novel p73 dependent mechanism through which NSP 5a3a induced apoptosis in Head and Neck cell lines when over-expressed in-vitro. Our present investigation further elucidated a novel dual axis signaling point by which NSP 5a3a induces apoptosis in Head and Neck cell line HN30 through p73-DAXX and TRAF2-TRADD. Interestingly, this novel mechanism appears independent of canonical caspases involved in the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway as well as those in the death receptor pathway thru TRAF2 and TRADD.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Oxidative stress has a well-established role in numerous intracellular signaling pathways, including apoptosis. Glutathione is an important cellular antioxidant and is the most abundant low molecular weight thiol in the cell. Although previous work has shown a link between glutathione and apoptosis, this relationship has not been defined in skeletal muscle. The present investigation examined the effect of glutathione depletion on skeletal muscle apoptotic signaling, and mitochondrial apoptotic-susceptibility. Administration of L: -buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO; 30 mM in drinking water for 10 days) caused glutathione depletion in whole muscle and isolated mitochondria, as well as elevated muscle catalase protein content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Glutathione depletion was associated with elevated DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial Bax levels, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and calpain activity; however, caspase-3, -8, and -9 activity were not altered. BSO administration was also associated with higher cytosolic and nuclear protein levels of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), but not cytochrome c, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac), or endonuclease G (EndoG). In addition, isolated mitochondria from BSO animals demonstrated significantly lower membrane potential, increased Ca(2+)-induced permeability transition pore opening, and greater basal and ROS-induced AIF and cytochrome c release. These results demonstrate that glutathione depletion in skeletal muscle increases caspase-independent signaling, as well as augments mitochondrial-associated apoptotic events to subsequent cell death stimuli.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bhadra R, Gigley JP, Khan IA. PD-1-mediated attrition of polyfunctional memory CD8+ T cells in chronic toxoplasma infection. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:125-34. [PMID: 22539813 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported earlier that during chronic toxoplasmosis CD8(+) T cells become functionally exhausted with concomitant PD-1 upregulation, leading to eventual host mortality. However, how immune exhaustion specifically mediates attrition of CD8 polyfunctionality, a hallmark of potent T-cell response, during persistent infections has not been addressed. In this study, we demonstrate that PD-1 is preferentially expressed on polyfunctional memory CD8(+) T cells, which renders them susceptible to apoptosis. In vitro blockade of the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway dramatically reduces apoptosis of polyfunctional and interferon γ(+)/granzyme B(-) memory but not effector CD8(+) T cells. In summary, the present report underscores the critical role of the PD-1-PD-L1 pathway in mediating attrition of this important CD8(+) T-cell subset and addresses the mechanistic basis of how αPD-L1 therapy reinvigorates polyfunctional CD8 response during chronic infections. The conclusions of this study can have profound immunotherapeutic implications in combating recrudescent toxoplasmosis as well other chronic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Bhadra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC DC20037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lampiasi N, Azzolina A, Umezawa K, Montalto G, McCubrey JA, Cervello M. The novel NF-κB inhibitor DHMEQ synergizes with celecoxib to exert antitumor effects on human liver cancer cells by a ROS-dependent mechanism. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:35-44. [PMID: 22343223 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work of ours dehydroxymethyl-epoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), an inhibitor of NF-κB, was shown to induce apoptosis through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in hepatoma cells. The present study demonstrated that DHMEQ cooperates with Celecoxib (CLX) to decrease NF-κB DNA binding and to inhibit cell growth and proliferation more effectively than treatment with these single agents alone in the hepatoma cell lines HA22T/VGH and Huh-6. ROS production induced by the DHMEQ-CLX combination in turn generated the expression of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and silencing TRB3 mRNA significantly decreased DHMEQ-CLX-induced cell growth inhibition. Moreover, the DHMEQ-CLX combination was associated with induction of PARP cleavage and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and survivin, as well as activated Akt. CD95 and CD95 ligand expression increased synergistically in the combination treatment, which was reversed in the presence of NAC. Knockdown of CD95 mRNA expression significantly decreased DHMEQ-CLX-induced cell growth inhibition in both cell lines. These data suggest that the DHMEQ-CLX combination kills hepatoma cells via ROS production, ER stress response and the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lampiasi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy", National Research Council, Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Enhanced antiproliferative and apoptotic response of HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells to combination of photoactivated hypericin and farnesyltransferase inhibitor manumycin A. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8388-405. [PMID: 22272079 PMCID: PMC3257076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several photodynamically-active substances and farnesyltransferase inhibitors are currently being investigated as promising anticancer drugs. In this study, the combined effect of hypericin (the photodynamically-active pigment from Hypericum perforatum) and selective farnesyltransferase inhibitor manumycin (manumycin A; the selective farnesyltransferase inhibitor from Streptomyces parvulus) on HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells was examined. We found that the combination treatment of cells with photoactivated hypericin and manumycin resulted in enhanced antiproliferative and apoptotic response compared to the effect of single treatments. This was associated with increased suppression of clonogenic growth, S phase cell cycle arrest, elevated caspase-3/7 activity and time-dependent total cleavage of procaspase-3 and lamin B, cleavage of p21Bax into p18Bax and massive PARP cleavage. Moreover, we found that the apoptosis-inducing factor is implicated in signaling events triggered by photoactivated hypericin. Our results showed the relocalization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the nuclei after hypericin treatment. In addition, we discovered that not only manumycin but also photoactivated hypericin induced the reduction of total Ras protein level. Manumycin decreased the amount of farnesylated Ras, and the combination treatment decreased the amount of both farnesylated and non-farnesylated Ras protein more dramatically. The present findings indicate that the inhibition of Ras processing may be the determining factor for enhancing the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of combination treatment on HT-29 cells.
Collapse
|
49
|
Foley SA, Szegezdi E, Mulloy B, Samali A, Tuohy MG. An unfractionated fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum: extraction, characterization, and apoptotic effects in vitro. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1851-61. [PMID: 21875034 DOI: 10.1021/np200124m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An unfractionated fucoidan was extracted from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Extraction of fucoidan from seaweed was carried out using an innovative low-chemical process. A combinational approach involving compositional analysis, HPAEC, IR analysis, GPC, and NMR was employed to elucidate the composition and structure of an unfractionated fucoidan from A. nodosum. This fucoidan is composed mainly of fucose (52.1%), and also galactose (6.1%), glucose (21.3%), and xylose (16.5%). Sulfate content was determined to be 19%. GPC data indicated a polydisperse fucoidan containing two main size fractions (47 and 420 kDa). NMR analyses revealed a fucoidan displaying broad, complex signals as expected for such a high molecular weight and heterogeneous polymer with resonances consistent with a fucoidan isolated previously from A. nodosum. The effects of fucoidan on the apoptosis of human colon carcinoma cells and fucoidan-mediated signaling pathways were also investigated. Fucoidan decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis of HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Fucoidan treatment of HCT116 cells induced activation of caspases-9 and -3 and the cleavage of PARP, led to apoptotic morphological changes, and altered mitochondrial membrane permeability. These results detail the structure and biological activity of an unfractionated fucoidan from A. nodosum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Foley
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chaitanya GV, Alexander JS, Babu PP. PARP-1 cleavage fragments: signatures of cell-death proteases in neurodegeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:31. [PMID: 21176168 PMCID: PMC3022541 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 660] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal function of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the routine repair of DNA damage by adding poly (ADP ribose) polymers in response to a variety of cellular stresses. Recently, it has become widely appreciated that PARP-1 also participates in diverse physiological and pathological functions from cell survival to several forms of cell death and has been implicated in gene transcription, immune responses, inflammation, learning, memory, synaptic functions, angiogenesis and aging. In the CNS, PARP inhibition attenuates injury in pathologies like cerebral ischemia, trauma and excitotoxicity demonstrating a central role of PARP-1 in these pathologies. PARP-1 is also a preferred substrate for several 'suicidal' proteases and the proteolytic action of suicidal proteases (caspases, calpains, cathepsins, granzymes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)) on PARP-1 produces several specific proteolytic cleavage fragments with different molecular weights. These PARP-1 signature fragments are recognized biomarkers for specific patterns of protease activity in unique cell death programs. This review focuses on specific suicidal proteases active towards PARP-1 to generate signature PARP-1 fragments that can identify key proteases and particular forms of cell death involved in pathophysiology. The roles played by some of the PARP-1 fragments and their associated binding partners in the control of different forms of cell death are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganta Vijay Chaitanya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Louisiana-USA
| | - Jonathan S Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Louisiana-USA
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|