1
|
Wang X, Tang G, Huang Y, Song H, Zhou S, Mao L, Sun Z, Xiong Z, Wu S, Hou H, Wang F. Using immune clusters for classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111572. [PMID: 38280332 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis between active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is still a challenge worldwide. METHODS Immune indicators involved in innate, humoral, and cellular immune cells, as well as antigen-specific cells were simultaneously assessed in patients with ATB and LTBI. RESULTS Of 54 immune indicators, no indicator could distinguish ATB from LTBI, likely due to an obvious heterogeneity of immune indicators noticed in ATB patients. Cluster analysis of ATB patients identified three immune clusters with different severity. Cluster 1 (42.1 %) was a ''Treg/Th1/Tfh unbalance type" cluster, whereas cluster 2 (42.1 %) was an "effector type'' cluster, and cluster 3 was a ''inhibition type'' cluster (15.8 %) which showed the highest severity. A prediction model based on immune indicators was established and showed potential in classifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS We depicted the immune landscape of patients with ATB and LTBI. Three immune subtypes were identified in ATB patients with different severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxing Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyan Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shiji Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naidoo L, Arumugam T, Ramsuran V. Host Genetic Impact on Infectious Diseases among Different Ethnic Groups. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2300181. [PMID: 38099246 PMCID: PMC10716055 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) are problematic globally, with high prevalence particularly in Africa, attributing to most of the death rates. There have been immense efforts toward developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for these pathogens globally, however, some remain uncured. Disease susceptibility and progression for malaria, TB, HIV, and COVID-19 vary among individuals and are attributed to precautionary measures, environment, host, and pathogen genetics. While studying individuals with similar attributes, it is suggested that host genetics contributes to most of an individual's susceptibility to disease. Several host genes are identified to associate with these pathogens. Interestingly, many of these genes and polymorphisms are common across diseases. This paper analyzes genes and genetic variations within host genes associated with HIV, TB, malaria, and COVID-19 among different ethnic groups. The differences in host-pathogen interaction among these groups, particularly of Caucasian and African descent, and which gene polymorphisms are prevalent in an African population that possesses protection or risk to disease are reviewed. The information in this review could potentially help develop personalized treatment that could effectively combat the high disease burden in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Naidoo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| | - Thilona Arumugam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo D, Shi CY, Wei NS, Yang BY, Qin K, Liu G, Dong BQ, Qin YX, Qin XL, Chen SY, Guo XJ, Gan L, Xu RL, Li H, Li J. The potential mechanism of the progression from latent to active tuberculosis based on the intestinal microbiota alterations. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143:102413. [PMID: 37832478 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious challenge to global health systems. The altered intestinal microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of TB, but the exact links remain unclear. METHODS 16 S rDNA sequencing was performed to comprehensively detect the changes in the intestinal microbiota of feces from active TB (ATB), latent TB infection (LTBI) and healthy controls (HC). RESULTS The rarefaction curves demonstrated the sequencing results' validity. The alpha diversity was lowest in ATB, while highest in HC. Boxplot of beta diversity showed significant differences in every two groups. LDA Effect Size (LEfSe) Analysis revealed differences in probiotic bacteria like Romboutsia, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in LTBI, and pro-inflammatory bacteria like R. gnavus, Streptococcus and Erysipelatoclostridium in ATB, corresponding to the cluster analysis. PICRUST2 analysis revealed the pentose phosphate pathway was active in ATB and LTBI (more active in ATB). The differences between the groups are statistically significant at the P<0.05 level. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that from LTBI to ATB, some intestinal microbiota inhibit the synthesis of interferon (INF)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, promoting the survival and spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). In addition, the metabolites secreted by intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis in intestine also have an effect on the development of LTBI to ATB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chong-Yu Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Nian-Sa Wei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kai Qin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Bai-Qing Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Qin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Qin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shi-Yi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Li Gan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dwivedi V, Gautam S, Beamer G, Stromberg PC, Headley CA, Turner J. IL-10 Modulation Increases Pyrazinamide's Antimycobacterial Efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:412-420. [PMID: 37279084 PMCID: PMC10580111 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms to shorten the duration of tuberculosis (TB) treatment include new drug formulations or schedules and the development of host-directed therapies (HDTs) that better enable the host immune system to eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Previous studies have shown that pyrazinamide, a first-line antibiotic, can also modulate immune function, making it an attractive target for combinatorial HDT/antibiotic therapy, with the goal to accelerate clearance of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we assessed the value of anti-IL-10R1 as an HDT along with pyrazinamide and show that short-term anti-IL-10R1 blockade during pyrazinamide treatment enhanced the antimycobacterial efficacy of pyrazinamide, resulting in faster clearance of M. tuberculosis in mice. Furthermore, 45 d of pyrazinamide treatment in a functionally IL-10-deficient environment resulted in sterilizing clearance of M. tuberculosis. Our data suggest that short-term IL-10 blockade with standard TB drugs has the potential to improve clinical outcome by reducing the treatment duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Disease Intervention & Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Shalini Gautam
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Paul C. Stromberg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Colwyn A. Headley
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin Y, Wang Q, Shi J. Immune checkpoint modulating T cells and NK cells response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127393. [PMID: 37182283 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many subversive mechanisms promote the occurrence and development of chronic infectious diseases and cancer, among which the down-regulated expression of immune-activating receptors and the enhanced expression of immune-inhibitory receptors accelerate the occurrence and progression of the disease. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of tumors in multiple organs. However, the expression of immune checkpoint molecules on natural killer (NK) cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and its impact on NK cell effector functions have been poorly studied. In this review, we focus on what is currently known about the expression of various immune checkpoints in NK cells following Mtb infection and how it alters NK cell-mediated host cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Unraveling the function of NK cells after the infection of host cells by Mtb is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the innate immune mechanism of NK cells involved in tuberculosis and the evaluation of the efficacy of immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat tuberculosis. In view of some similarities in the immune characteristics of T cells and NK cells, we reviewed the molecular mechanism of the interaction between T cells and Mtb, which can help us to further understand and explore the specific interaction mechanism between NK cells and Mtb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Qinglan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomas SM, Olive AJ. Rapid lethality of mice lacking the phagocyte oxidase and Caspase1/11 following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527787. [PMID: 36798180 PMCID: PMC9934620 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Immune networks that control antimicrobial and inflammatory mechanisms have overlapping regulation and functions to ensure effective host responses. Genetic interaction studies of immune pathways that compare host responses in single and combined knockout backgrounds are a useful tool to identify new mechanisms of immune control during infection. For disease caused by pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, which currently lacks an effective vaccine, understanding genetic interactions between protective immune pathways may identify new therapeutic targets or disease-associated genes. Previous studies suggested a direct link between the activation of NLRP3-Caspase1 inflammasome and the NADPH-dependent phagocyte oxidase complex during Mtb infection. Loss of the phagocyte oxidase complex alone resulted in increased activation of Caspase1 and IL1β production during Mtb infection, resulting in failed disease tolerance during the chronic stages of disease. To better understand this interaction, we generated mice lacking both Cybb , a key subunit of the phagocyte oxidase, and Caspase1/11 . We found that ex vivo Mtb infection of Cybb -/- Caspase1/11 -/- macrophages resulted in the expected loss of IL1β secretion but an unexpected change in other inflammatory cytokines and bacterial control. Mtb infected Cybb -/- Caspase1/11 -/- mice rapidly progressed to severe TB, succumbing within four weeks to disease characterized by high bacterial burden, increased inflammatory cytokines, and the recruitment of granulocytes that associated with Mtb in the lungs. These results uncover a key genetic interaction between the phagocyte oxidase complex and Caspase1/11 that controls protection against TB and highlight the need for a better understanding of the regulation of fundamental immune networks during Mtb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Andrew J. Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Inflammation-mediated tissue damage in pulmonary tuberculosis and host-directed therapeutic strategies. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101672. [PMID: 36469987 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) involves the administration of anti-mycobacterial drugs for several months. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, the causative agent) together with increased disease severity in people with co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus and HIV have hampered efforts to reduce case fatality. In severe disease, TB pathology is largely attributable to over-exuberant host immune responses targeted at controlling bacterial replication. Non-resolving inflammation driven by host pro-inflammatory mediators in response to high bacterial load leads to pulmonary pathology including cavitation and fibrosis. The need to improve clinical outcomes and reduce treatment times has led to a two-pronged approach involving the development of novel antimicrobials as well as host-directed therapies (HDT) that favourably modulate immune responses to Mtb. HDT strategies incorporate aspects of immune modulation aimed at downregulating non-productive inflammatory responses and augmenting antimicrobial effector mechanisms to minimise pulmonary pathology and accelerate symptom resolution. HDT in combination with existing antimycobacterial agents offers a potentially promising strategy to improve the long-term outcome for TB patients. In this review, we describe components of the host immune response that contribute to inflammation and tissue damage in pulmonary TB, including cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, lipid mediators, and neutrophil extracellular traps. We then proceed to review HDT directed at these pathways.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee S, Seo YJ, Choi JY, Che X, Kim HJ, Eum SY, Hong MS, Lee SK, Cho DC. Effect of teriparatide on drug treatment of tuberculous spondylitis: an experimental study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21667. [PMID: 36522387 PMCID: PMC9755294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous spondylitis often develops catastrophic bone destruction with uncontrolled inflammation. Because anti-tuberculous drugs do not have a role in bone formation, a combination drug therapy with a bone anabolic agent could help in fracture prevention and promote bone reconstruction. This study aimed to investigate the influence of teriparatide on the effect of anti-tuberculous drugs in tuberculous spondylitis treatment. We used the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv strain. First, we investigated the interaction between teriparatide and anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid and rifampin) by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against H37Rv. Second, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs and teriparatide on our previously developed in vitro tuberculous spondylitis model of an Mtb-infected MG-63 osteoblastic cell line using acid-fast bacilli staining and colony-forming unit counts. Selected chemokines (interleukin [IL]-8, interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa [IP-10], monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]-1, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted [RANTES]) and osteoblast proliferation (alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and alizarin red S [ARS] staining) were measured. Teriparatide did not affect the MIC of isoniazid and rifampin. In the Mtb-infected MG-63 spondylitis model, isoniazid and rifampin treatment significantly reduced Mtb growth, and cotreatment with teriparatide did not change the anti-tuberculosis effect of isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RFP). IP-10 and RANTES levels were significantly increased by Mtb infection, whereas teriparatide did not affect all chemokine levels as inflammatory markers. ALP and ARS staining indicated that teriparatide promoted osteoblastic function even with Mtb infection. Cotreatment with teriparatide and the anti-tuberculosis drugs activated bone formation (ALP-positive area increased by 705%, P = 0.0031). Teriparatide was effective against Mtb-infected MG63 cells without the anti-tuberculosis drugs (ARS-positive area increased by 326%, P = 0.0037). Teriparatide had no effect on the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis drugs and no adverse effect on the activity of Mtb infection in osteoblasts. Furthermore, regulation of representative osteoblastic inflammatory chemokines was not changed by teriparatide treatment. In the in vitro Mtb-infected MG-63 cell model of tuberculous spondylitis, cotreatment with the anti-tuberculosis drugs and teriparatide increased osteoblastic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subum Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongduk-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Eum
- Division of Immunopathology and Cellular Immunology, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Changwon-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Hong
- Division of Immunopathology and Cellular Immunology, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Changwon-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyoung Lee
- Division of Immunopathology and Cellular Immunology, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Gyeongsangnam-Do, Changwon-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Chul Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongduk-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Exopolyphosphatases PPX1 and PPX2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulate dormancy response and pathogenesis. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Gumbo R, Sylvester TT, Parsons SDC, Buss PE, Warren RM, van Helden PD, Miller MA, Kerr TJ. Comparison of interferon gamma release assay and CXCL9 gene expression assay for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in African lions (Panthera leo). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:989209. [PMID: 36189358 PMCID: PMC9523132 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.989209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection has been identified in both domestic and wild animals and may threaten the conservation of vulnerable species including African lions (Panthera leo). There is a need to develop accurate ante-mortem tools for detection of M. bovis infection in African big cat populations for wildlife management and disease surveillance. The aim of this study was to compare the performances of two immunological assays, the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT) Mabtech Cat interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and QFT CXCL9 gene expression assay (GEA), which have both shown diagnostic potential for M. bovis detection in African lions. Lion whole blood (n=47), stimulated using the QFT platform, was used for measuring antigen-specific CXCL9 expression and IFN-γ production and to assign M. bovis infection status. A subset (n=12) of mycobacterial culture-confirmed M. bovis infected and uninfected African lions was used to compare the agreement between the immunological diagnostic assays. There was no statistical difference between the proportions of test positive African lions tested by the QFT Mabtech Cat IGRA compared to the QFT CXCL9 GEA. There was also a moderate association between immunological diagnostic assays when numerical results were compared. The majority of lions had the same diagnostic outcome using the paired assays. Although the QFT Mabtech Cat IGRA provides a more standardized, commercially available, and cost-effective test compared to QFT CXCL9 GEA, using both assays to categorize M. bovis infection status in lions will increase confidence in results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachiel Gumbo
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tashnica T. Sylvester
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Sven D. C. Parsons
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Afrivet Business Management, Newmark Estate Office Park, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Peter E. Buss
- Veterinary Wildlife Services, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Robin M. Warren
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Michele A. Miller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Michele A. Miller,
| | - Tanya J. Kerr
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Y, Ma H, Duan Y, Ma X, Tan L, Dong J, Jin C, Wei R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Mycobacterium bovis triggered different variations in lipid composition of Bovine Alveolar Macrophages. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13115. [PMID: 35908111 PMCID: PMC9338951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid composition performs important functions in interaction between macropha-ge and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/Mycobacterium bovis (MB). Current understanding regarding the lipid responses of bovine alveolar macrophage (BAM) to MTB/MB is quite limited. The present study conducted lipidomics and transcriptome to assess alterations in BAM lipid compositions upon MB and MTB infection. We found that both MTB and MB induced glycerophospholipids accumulation in BAM, and MTB induced more alterations in lipid composition. MTB could affect the contents of various lipids, especially ceramide phosphocholines, polystyrene (PS) (17:0/0:0), testolic acid and testosterone acetate. Meanwhile, MB particularly induced accumulation of 1-alkyl,2-acylglycerophosphoinositols. Both MB and MTB suppressed the contents of palmitoleamide, N-ethyl arachidonoyl amine, N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-ethyl) arachidonoyll amine, eicosanoyl-EA, and PS (O-18:0/17:0) in BAM. Additionally, transcriptome analysis revealed that only MTB triggered genes involved in immune signaling and lipid related pathways in BAM. And MTB mainly activated genes CXCL2 and CXCL3 relevant to NOD-like receptor, IL-17 and TNF to further induce lipid accumulation in BAM, which in turn promoted the formation of foam cells. Meanwhile, time course RT-qPCR results showed that MTB was recognized by BAM to triggered dramatic immune responses, whereas MB could effectively escape the recognition system of BAM, leading rearrangement of lipid metabolisms in BAM at early infection stage. Altogether, the results of the present study provided evidence for changes in lipid metabolism of MTB/MB attacked BAM and contributed to the detection and treatment of zoonotic tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Huiya Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangbo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihui Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jianjian Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Chenkai Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gowhari Shabgah A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mohammadi H, Ebrahimzadeh F, Oveisee M, Jahanara A, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. The Role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor D6 (ACKR2) in Physiological and Pathological Conditions; Friend, Foe, or Both? Front Immunol 2022; 13:861931. [PMID: 35677043 PMCID: PMC9168005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines exert crucial roles in inducing immune responses through ligation to their canonical receptors. Besides these receptors, there are other atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR1–4) that can bind to a wide range of chemokines and carry out various functions in the body. ACKR2, due to its ability to bind various CC chemokines, has attracted much attention during the past few years. ACKR2 has been shown to be expressed in different cells, including trophoblasts, myeloid cells, and especially lymphoid endothelial cells. In terms of molecular functions, ACKR2 scavenges various inflammatory chemokines and affects inflammatory microenvironments. In the period of pregnancy and fetal development, ACKR2 plays a pivotal role in maintaining the fetus from inflammatory reactions and inhibiting subsequent abortion. In adults, ACKR2 is thought to be a resolving agent in the body because it scavenges chemokines. This leads to the alleviation of inflammation in different situations, including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and infections. In cancer, ACKR2 exerts conflicting roles, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing. On the one hand, ACKR2 inhibits the recruitment of tumor-promoting cells and suppresses tumor-promoting inflammation to blockade inflammatory responses that are favorable for tumor growth. In contrast, scavenging chemokines in the tumor microenvironment might lead to disruption in NK cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. Other than its involvement in diseases, analyzing the expression of ACKR2 in body fluids and tissues can be used as a biomarker for diseases. In conclusion, this review study has tried to shed more light on the various effects of ACKR2 on different inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maziar Oveisee
- Clinical Research Center, Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Abbas Jahanara
- Clinical Research Center, Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- *Correspondence: Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, ;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sholeye AR, Williams AA, Loots DT, Tutu van Furth AM, van der Kuip M, Mason S. Tuberculous Granuloma: Emerging Insights From Proteomics and Metabolomics. Front Neurol 2022; 13:804838. [PMID: 35386409 PMCID: PMC8978302 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.804838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which claims hundreds of thousands of lives each year, is typically characterized by the formation of tuberculous granulomas — the histopathological hallmark of tuberculosis (TB). Our knowledge of granulomas, which comprise a biologically diverse body of pro- and anti-inflammatory cells from the host immune responses, is based mainly upon examination of lungs, in both human and animal studies, but little on their counterparts from other organs of the TB patient such as the brain. The biological heterogeneity of TB granulomas has led to their diverse, relatively uncoordinated, categorization, which is summarized here. However, there is a pressing need to elucidate more fully the phenotype of the granulomas from infected patients. Newly emerging studies at the protein (proteomics) and metabolite (metabolomics) levels have the potential to achieve this. In this review we summarize the diverse nature of TB granulomas based upon the literature, and amplify these accounts by reporting on the relatively few, emerging proteomics and metabolomics studies on TB granulomas. Metabolites (for example, trimethylamine-oxide) and proteins (such as the peptide PKAp) associated with TB granulomas, and knowledge of their localizations, help us to understand the resultant phenotype. Nevertheless, more multidisciplinary ‘omics studies, especially in human subjects, are required to contribute toward ushering in a new era of understanding of TB granulomas – both at the site of infection, and on a systemic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abisola Regina Sholeye
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aurelia A. Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - A. Marceline Tutu van Furth
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shayne Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Shayne Mason
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang TY, Lin CL, Yao WC, Lio CF, Chiang WP, Lin K, Kuo CF, Tsai SY. How mycobacterium tuberculosis infection could lead to the increasing risks of chronic fatigue syndrome and the potential immunological effects: a population-based retrospective cohort study. J Transl Med 2022; 20:99. [PMID: 35189895 PMCID: PMC8862378 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been shown to be associated with infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent infectious disease. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and post-tuberculosis experience similar symptoms. Furthermore, chronic fatigue syndrome and tuberculosis share similar plasma immunosignatures. This study aimed to clarify the risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI), by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Methods 7666 patients aged 20 years or older with newly diagnosed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection during 2000–2011 and 30,663 participants without Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were identified. Both groups were followed up until the diagnoses of chronic fatigue syndrome were made at the end of 2011. Results The relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the subsequent risk of chronic fatigue syndrome was estimated through Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with the incidence density rates being 3.04 and 3.69 per 1000 person‐years among the non‐Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection populations, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, with 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.47). In the stratified analysis, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection group were consistently associated with a higher risk of chronic fatigue syndrome in the male sex (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.58) and age group of ≥ 65 years old (HR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.86–3.38). Conclusions The data from this population‐based retrospective cohort study revealed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent chronic fatigue syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Yen Yang
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.,Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Tao-Yuan City, 330, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Fu Lio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, 104, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Po Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, 104, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.,Institute of Infectious Disease, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, 104, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, 104, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan. .,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barral TD, Rebouças MF, Loureiro D, Raynal JT, Sousa TJ, Moura-Costa LF, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Portela RW. Chemokine production induced by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a murine model. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1019-1027. [PMID: 35138630 PMCID: PMC9151972 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis. The main clinical sign of this disease is the development of granulomas, especially in small ruminants; however, the pathways that are involved in the formation and maintenance of these granulomas are unknown. Cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the migration of immune cells to specific sites and tissues; therefore, it is possible that chemokines participate in abscess formation. This study aimed to evaluate the induction of chemokine production by two C. pseudotuberculosis strains in a murine model. A highly pathogenic (VD57) and an attenuated (T1) strain of C. pseudotuberculosis, as well as somatic and secreted antigens derived from these strains, was used to stimulate murine splenocytes. Then, the concentrations of the chemokines CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, and CCL-5 and the cytokines IL-1 and TNF were measured in the culture supernatants. The VD57 strain had a higher ability to stimulate the production of chemokines when compared to T1 strain, especially in the early stages of stimulation, which can have an impact on granuloma formation. The T1 lysate antigen was able to stimulate most of the chemokines studied herein when compared to the other antigenic fractions of both strains. These results indicate that C. pseudotuberculosis is a chemokine production inducer, and the bacterial strains differ in their induction pattern, a situation that can be related to the specific behavior of each strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Miriam Flores Rebouças
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Dan Loureiro
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Raynal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jesus Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lilia Ferreira Moura-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40110-100, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ponnusamy N, Arumugam M. Interaction of Host Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Ayurvedic Management of Tuberculosis: A Systemic Approach. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e130921196420. [PMID: 34517809 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210913110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), infects the lungs' alveolar surfaces through aerosol droplets. At this stage, the disease progression may have many consequences, determined primarily by the reactions of the human immune system. However, one approach will be to more actively integrate the immune system, especially the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) systems of the host, which notices pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Mtb. Several types of PRRs are involved in the detection of Mtb, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), Dendritic cell (DC) -specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), Mannose receptor (MR), and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) related to inflammasome activation. In this study, we focus on reviewing the Mtb pathophysiology and interaction of host PPRs with Mtb as well as adverse drug effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs) and systematic TB treatment via Ayurvedic medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmaladevi Ponnusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Mohanapriya Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
María Irene CC, Juan Germán RC, Gamaliel LL, Dulce Adriana ME, Estela Isabel B, Brenda Nohemí M, Payan Jorge B, Zyanya Lucía ZB, Myriam BDV, Fernanda CG, Adrian OL, Martha Isabel M, Rogelio HP. Profiling the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family infection: a perspective from the transcriptome. Virulence 2021; 12:1689-1704. [PMID: 34228582 PMCID: PMC8265813 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1936432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis continues to be an important public health problem. Particularly considering Beijing-family strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which have been associated with drug-resistance and hypervirulence. The Beijing-like SIT190 (BL) is the most prevalent Beijing strain in Colombia. The pathogenic mechanism and immune response against this pathogen is unknown. Thus, we compared the course of pulmonary TB in BALB/c mice infected with Classical-Beijing strain 391 and BL strain 323. The disease course was different among infected animals with Classical-Beijing and BL strain. Mice infected with BL had a 100% mortality at 45 days post-infection (dpi), with high bacillary loads and massive pneumonia, whereas infected animals with Classical-Beijing survived until 60 dpi and showed extensive pneumonia and necrosis. Lung RNA extraction was carried out at early (day 3 dpi), intermediate (day 14 dpi), and late (days 28 and 60 dpi) time points of infection. Transcriptional analysis of infected mice with Classical-Beijing showed several over-expressed genes, associated with a pro-inflammatory profile, including those for coding for CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines, both biomarkers of disease severity. Conversely, mice infected with BL displayed a profile which included the over-expression of several genes associated with immune-suppression, including Nkiras, Dleu2, and Sphk2, highlighting an anti-inflammatory milieu which would allow high bacterial replication followed by an intense inflammatory response. In summary, both Beijing strains induced a non-protective immune response which induced extensive tissue damage, BL strain induced rapidly extensive pneumonia and death, whereas Classical-Beijing strain produced slower extensive pneumonia later associated with extensive necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cerezo-Cortés María Irene
- Universidad Nacional De Colombia, Facultad De Medicina, Departamento De Microbiología, Laboratorio De Micobacterias
| | | | - López-Leal Gamaliel
- Departamento De Microbiología Molecular, Instituto De Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mata-Espinosa Dulce Adriana
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Bini Estela Isabel
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Marquina–Casitllo Brenda Nohemí
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Barrios Payan Jorge
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Zatarain-Barrón Zyanya Lucía
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Bobadilla del Valle Myriam
- Departamento De Microbiología Clínica, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Ciudad De México, México
| | - Cornejo-Granados Fernanda
- Departamento De Microbiología Molecular, Instituto De Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ochoa-Leyva Adrian
- Departamento De Microbiología Molecular, Instituto De Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Murcia Martha Isabel
- Universidad Nacional De Colombia, Facultad De Medicina, Departamento De Microbiología, Laboratorio De Micobacterias
| | - Hernández-Pando Rogelio
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khoufi EAA. Association between latent tuberculosis and ischemic heart disease: a hospital-based cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:362. [PMID: 34367441 PMCID: PMC8308999 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.362.28110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction atherosclerosis could be a sequela of long-term activation of cell-mediated immunity as the case of latent tuberculosis infection. Atherosclerosis is the main pathological event in ischemic heart disease. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and to detect the association between both diseases. Methods this cross-sectional study included 98 patients with a history of previously diagnosed ischemic heart disease who did a multi-detector computed tomography coronary angiogram (MDCTCA). Detailed clinical examination and investigations as chest X-ray and sputum examination were done for those with positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) to exclude active tuberculosis (TB). Participants having positive QFT results but with no evidence of active TB were considered as LTBI positive. Results the prevalence of LTBI in patients with IHD was 19.3% as only nineteen of the ninety-eight patients were diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection using the QuantiFERON serum test. Eighty-four percent (84.2%) of patients with LTBI had coronary artery atherosclerosis (CAA) compared to only 55.6% in patients without LTBI with a statistically significant difference. In multivariable analysis, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (AOR 0.179, 95% C.I.: 0.03-0.967), and LTBI (AOR 1.024, 95% C.I.: 1.002-1.736) were significantly associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis (p=0.0001, and p= 0.003 respectively). Conclusion the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among patients with ischemic heart diseases is high. Among different factors that are already well known to precipitate ischemic heart disease, latent tuberculosis should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Ali Al Khoufi
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Exploring the Role of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand-2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Genetic Association Study from North India. J Immunol Res 2021; 2020:1019639. [PMID: 33381602 PMCID: PMC7759415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1019639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) was evidenced to be associated with tuberculosis susceptibility in some ethnic groups. In the present study, effort was made to find out the association of CCL2-2518 A>G and -362 G>C variants with susceptibility to TB in a population from North India. The genotyping was carried out in 373 participants with pulmonary TB (PTB) and 248 healthy controls (HCs) for CCL2-2518 A>G and -362 G>C polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP and by melting curve analysis using fluorescence-labeled hybridization fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes, respectively, followed by DNA sequencing in a few representative samples. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared by the chi-squared test and crude and Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) odds ratio (OR). OR was calculated using STATA/MP16.1 software. Further, CCL2, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels were measured in serum samples of these participants using commercially available kits. Our analysis indicated that the homozygous mutant in both -2518 GG (OR = 2.07, p = 0.02) and -362 CC (OR = 1.92, p = 0.03) genotypes was associated with susceptibility to pulmonary TB. Further, heterozygous genotypes -2518AG (OR = 0.60, p = 0.003) and -362GC (OR = 0.64, p = 0.013) provide resistance from PTB disease. Haplotype analysis revealed AC haplotype (p = 0.006) to be a risk factor associated with PTB susceptibility. The serum CCL2 level was significantly elevated among participants with -2518 AA genotype compared to -2518 GG genotype. CCL2 level was observed to be positively correlated with IL12p70, IFN-γ and TNF-α, thus suggesting the immunological regulatory role of CCL2 against pulmonary tuberculosis. CCL2-2518 GG and -362 CC genotypes were found to be associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis and CCL2-2518AG and CCL2-362GC with resistance from PTB. AC haplotype was found to be a risk factor for PTB in the present study. It may be hypothesized from the findings that -2518G allele could be responsible for lower production of CCL2 which leads to defective Th1 response and makes a host susceptible for pulmonary tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Epithelial processed Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis induced prolonged Th17 response and suppression of phagocytic maturation in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21048. [PMID: 33273606 PMCID: PMC7713309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Johne’s disease (JD) caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a chronic, wasting infectious disease in ruminants that causes enormous economic losses to the dairy and beef cattle industries. Understanding the mechanism of persistency of MAP is key to produce novel ideas for the development of new diagnostic methods or prevention techniques. We sought interactions between the host and MAP using epithelial passage model, which mimic initial stage of infection. From the transcriptomic analysis of bovine immune cells (PBMCs), it was suggested that infection through the epithelial cells elicited prolonged Th17-derived immune response, as indicated by upregulation of IL-17A, IL-17F and RORC until 120 h p.i., compared to directly infected PBMCs. Global downregulation of gene expression was observed after 72 h p.i., especially for genes encoding cell surface receptors of phagocytic cells, such as Toll-like receptors and MHC class II molecules. In addition, the cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1, ABCG1, and APOE, which are regulated by the LXR/RXR pathway, were downregulated. In summary, it would be suggested that the host initiate immune response to activate Th17-derived cytokines, and MAP survives persistently by altering the host adaptive immune response by suppressing surface receptors and manipulating lipid metabolism in phagocytic cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chopra A, Avadhani V, Tiwari A, Riemer EC, Sica G, Judson MA. Granulomatous lung disease: clinical aspects. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:1045-1063. [PMID: 32662705 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1794827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granulomatous lung diseases (GLD) are heterogeneous group of diseases that can be broadly categorized as infectious or noninfectious. This distinction is extremely important, as the misdiagnosis of a GLD can have serious consequences. In this manuscript, we describe the clinical manifestations, histopathology, and diagnostic approach to GLD. We propose an algorithm to distinguish infectious from noninfectious GLD. AREAS COVERED We have searched PubMed and Medline database from 1950 to December 2019, using multiple keywords as described below. Major GLDs covered include those caused by mycobacteria and fungi, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and vasculidities. EXPERT OPINION The cause of infectious GLD is usually identified through microbiological culture and molecular techniques. Most noninfectious GLD are diagnosed by clinical and laboratory criteria, often with exclusion of infectious pathogens. Further understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the granulomatous response may allow improved diagnosis and treatment of GLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chopra
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center , NY, USA
| | - Vaidehi Avadhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center , NY, USA
| | - Ellen C Riemer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina , SC, USA
| | - Gabriel Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, USA
| | - Marc A Judson
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center , NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Togun T, Hoggart CJ, Agbla SC, Gomez MP, Egere U, Sillah AK, Saidy B, Mendy F, Pai M, Kampmann B. A three-marker protein biosignature distinguishes tuberculosis from other respiratory diseases in Gambian children. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102909. [PMID: 32711253 PMCID: PMC7381493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to identify a host cytokine biosignature that could distinguish childhood tuberculosis (TB) from other respiratory diseases (OD). Methods Cytokine responses in prospectively recruited children with symptoms suggestive of TB were measured in whole blood assay supernatants, harvested after overnight incubation, using a Luminex platform. We used logistic regression models with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalty to identify the optimal biosignature associated with confirmed TB disease in the training set. We subsequently assessed its performance in the test set. Findings Of the 431 children included in the study, 44 had bacteriologically confirmed TB, 60 had clinically diagnosed TB while 327 had OD. All children were HIV-negative. Application of LASSO regression models to the training set (n = 260) resulted in the combination of IL-1ra, IL-7 and IP-10 from unstimulated samples as the optimally discriminant cytokine biosignature associated with bacteriologically confirmed TB. In the test set (n = 171), this biosignature distinguished children diagnosed with TB disease, irrespective of microbiological confirmation, from OD with area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0•74 (95% CI: 0•67, 0•81), and demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 72•2% (95% CI: 60•4, 82•1%) and 75•0% (95% CI: 64•9, 83•4%) respectively, with its performance independent of their age group and their age- and sex-adjusted nutritional status. Interpretation This novel biosignature of childhood TB derived from unstimulated supernatants is promising. Independent validation with further optimisation will improve its performance and translational potential. Funding Steinberg Fellowship (McGill University); Grand Challenges Canada; MRC Program Grant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyin Togun
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia; The Vaccine Centre, and Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Clive J Hoggart
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Schadrac C Agbla
- Department of Health Data Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie P Gomez
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Uzochukwu Egere
- Community Health Systems Group, Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Abdou K Sillah
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Binta Saidy
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Francis Mendy
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Madhukar Pai
- McGill International TB Centre, and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Manipal-McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia; The Vaccine Centre, and Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Harding JS, Herbath M, Chen Y, Rayasam A, Ritter A, Csoka B, Hasko G, Michael IP, Fabry Z, Nagy A, Sandor M. VEGF-A from Granuloma Macrophages Regulates Granulomatous Inflammation by a Non-angiogenic Pathway during Mycobacterial Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2119-2131.e6. [PMID: 31091450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many autoimmune and infectious diseases are characterized by the formation of granulomas which are inflammatory lesions that consist of spatially organized immune cells. These sites protect the host and control pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but are highly inflammatory and cause pathology. Using bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Mtb infection in mice that induce sarcoid or caseating granulomas, we show that a subpopulation of granuloma macrophages produces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), which recruits immune cells to the granuloma by a non-angiogenic pathway. Selective blockade of VEGF-A in myeloid cells, combined with granuloma transplantation, shows that granuloma VEGF-A regulates granulomatous inflammation. The severity of granuloma-related inflammation can be ameliorated by pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of VEGF-A, which improves survival of mice infected with virulent Mtb without altering host protection. These data show that VEGF-A inhibitors could be used as a host-directed therapy against granulomatous diseases like tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, thereby expanding the value of already existing and approved anti-VEGF-A drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Harding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Melinda Herbath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yuli Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Aditya Rayasam
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anna Ritter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Balazs Csoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Hasko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Iacovos P Michael
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Cellular and Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liao Y, Hussain T, Liu C, Cui Y, Wang J, Yao J, Chen H, Song Y, Sabir N, Hussain M, Zhao D, Zhou X. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Macrophages to Produce IL-1β During Mycobacterium bovis Infection via a Positive Feedback Loop Between Mitochondrial Damage and Inflammasome Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:268. [PMID: 30846986 PMCID: PMC6394253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle and humans, infects host macrophages and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), mitochondrial damage, and interleukin (IL)-1β production. The relationship between these phenotypes is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of ERS in mitochondrial damage and IL-1β production in macrophages during infection with a virulent M. bovis strain. We found that ERS activates the inflammasome via NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-8 and that IFN-inducible protein absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) triggered mitochondrial damage. ERS increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promoted translocation of the inflammasome to the mitochondria. NLRP3, but not AIM2, was involved in the ERS-induced cleavage of caspase-8 and Bid, leading to mitochondrial damage, which was required for the production of mature IL-1β. Our data suggest that ERS induces macrophages to produce mature IL-1β during infection with virulent M. bovis through a positive feedback loop between mitochondrial damage and inflammasome activation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the involvement of ERS and mitochondrial damage in inflammasome activation during M. bovis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tariq Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfa Liu
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyong Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hehua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Matsuzaki G, Yamasaki M, Tamura T, Umemura M. Dispensable role of chemokine receptors in migration of mycobacterial antigen-specific CD4 + T cells into Mycobacterium-infected lung. Immunobiology 2019; 224:440-448. [PMID: 30795859 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial antigen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells have pivotal role in protective immunity against mycobacterial infections including pulmonary tuberculosis. In the course of the infection, Th1 cells differentiate in the lung-draining lymph nodes and migrate into the infected lung. Chemokine receptors on T cells are involved in T cell migration into the intestine and skin. However, role of chemokine receptors in the migration of CD4+ T cells into the lung is not yet established. To address the issue, the role of chemokine receptors in T cell migration into the mycobacteria-infected lung was analyzed using mycobacterial Ag85B peptide 25-specific T cell receptor-transgenic (P25) CD4+ T cells. The P25 T cells in the Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected lung and lung-draining mediastinal lymph node expressed chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR6, CXCR3 and CXCR5 which bind chemokines expressed by the BCG-infected lung. To further analyze the role of the chemokine receptors in the migration of the BCG-primed P25 T cells into the lung or mediastinal lymph node, the P25 T cells were adoptively transferred into the BCG-infected wild type mice, and their migration into the lung was monitored. Unexpectedly, blocking of chemokine receptor function with pertussis toxin, a G-protein inhibitor, failed to suppress migration of the T cells into the infected lung although the treatment completely blocked migration of the mediastinal lymph node P25 T cells into the recipient lymph node. The results suggest that interaction of chemokine receptors on mycobacterial antigen-specific Th1 cells with chemokines is dispensable in their migration into the mycobacteria-infected lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goro Matsuzaki
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Yamasaki
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tamura
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umemura
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Investigating the Role of Everolimus in mTOR Inhibition and Autophagy Promotion as a Potential Host-Directed Therapeutic Target in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020232. [PMID: 30754665 PMCID: PMC6406581 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The current therapy consists of a combination of antibiotics over the course of four months. Current treatment protocols run into problems due to the growing antibiotic resistance of Mtb and poor compliance to the multi-drug-resistant TB treatment protocol. New treatments are being investigated that target host intracellular processes that could be effective in fighting Mtb infections. Autophagy is an intracellular process that is involved in eliminating cellular debris, as well as intracellular pathogens. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an enzyme involved in inhibiting this pathway. Modulation of mTOR and the autophagy cellular machinery are being investigated as potential therapeutic targets for novel Mtb treatments. In this review, we discuss the background of Mtb pathogenesis, including its interaction with the innate and adaptive immune systems, the mTOR and autophagy pathways, the interaction of Mtb with these pathways, and finally, the drug everolimus, which targets these pathways and is a potential novel therapy for TB treatment.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pro-inflammatory cytokines: The link between obesity and osteoarthritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 44:38-50. [PMID: 30340925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by joint malfunction and chronic disability, is the most common form of arthritis. Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related OA is associated with many factors such as age, sex, trauma, and obesity. One of the most influential and modifiable risk factors is obesity. Obesity not only increases mechanical stress on the tibiofemoral cartilage, but also leads to a higher prevalence of OA in non-weight-bearing areas. There is a link between obesity and inflammation. Adipose tissues play a crucial role in this context because they are the major source of cytokines, chemokines, and metabolically-active mediators named adipokines. The adipokines, including adiponectin and leptin, have been demonstrated to regulate inflammatory immune responses in cartilage. Obese people and animals show a higher level of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL)-1β and IL-6, all of which are produced by macrophages derived from adipose tissue. These pro-inflammatory cytokines regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of adipocytes, promote lipolysis, inhibit lipid synthesis and decrease blood lipids through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 have been found in the synovial fluid, synovial membrane, subchondral bone and cartilage of OA patients, confirming their important roles in OA pathogenesis. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 are the factors released by fat to negatively regulate cartilage directly. Moreover, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 can induce the production of other cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandins and inhibit the synthesis of proteoglycans and type II collagen; thus, they play a pivotal role in cartilage matrix degradation and bone resorption in OA. Activated chondrocytes also produce MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and aggrecanase 1 and 2 (ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5). In addition, IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6 may cause OA indirectly by regulating release of adiponectin and leptin from adipocytes. In this review, we first summarize the relationship between obesity and inflammation. Then we summarize the roles of IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6 in OA. We further discuss how IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6 regulate the communication between fat and OA, and their pathological roles in obesity-related OA. Lastly, we discuss the possibility of using the pro-inflammatory signaling pathway as a therapeutic target to develop drugs for obesity-related OA.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hulinova Stromerova N, Faldyna M. Mycobacterium avium complex infection in pigs: A review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 57:62-68. [PMID: 30017080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections in pigs are caused particularly by the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and these infections lead to great economic losses mainly within the countries with high pork meat production. The importance of the MAC infections in humans is rising because of its higher prevalence and also higher mortality rates particularly in advanced countries. In addition, treatment of the MAC infections in humans tends to be complicated because of its increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Several studies across Europe have documented the MAC occurrence in the slaughtered pigs - not only in their lymph nodes and tonsils, which are the most frequent, but also in the diaphragmas, other organs and not least in meat. This is why we need both more specific and more sensitive methods for the MAC infection detection. Different PCR assays were established as well as advanced intravital testing by the gamma interferon release test. On the other hand, tuberculin skin test is still one of the cheapest methods of mycobacterial infections detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hulinova Stromerova
- State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Jakoubka ze Stříbra 1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bowness R, Chaplain MAJ, Powathil GG, Gillespie SH. Modelling the effects of bacterial cell state and spatial location on tuberculosis treatment: Insights from a hybrid multiscale cellular automaton model. J Theor Biol 2018; 446:87-100. [PMID: 29524441 PMCID: PMC5901892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
If improvements are to be made in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, an increased understanding of disease in the lung is needed. Studies have shown that bacteria in a less metabolically active state, associated with the presence of lipid bodies, are less susceptible to antibiotics, and recent results have highlighted the disparity in concentration of different compounds into lesions. Treatment success therefore depends critically on the responses of the individual bacteria that constitute the infection. We propose a hybrid, individual-based approach that analyses spatio-temporal dynamics at the cellular level, linking the behaviour of individual bacteria and host cells with the macroscopic behaviour of the microenvironment. The individual elements (bacteria, macrophages and T cells) are modelled using cellular automaton (CA) rules, and the evolution of oxygen, drugs and chemokine dynamics are incorporated in order to study the effects of the microenvironment in the pathological lesion. We allow bacteria to switch states depending on oxygen concentration, which affects how they respond to treatment. This is the first multiscale model of its type to consider both oxygen-driven phenotypic switching of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and antibiotic treatment. Using this model, we investigate the role of bacterial cell state and of initial bacterial location on treatment outcome. We demonstrate that when bacteria are located further away from blood vessels, less favourable outcomes are more likely, i.e. longer time before infection is contained/cleared, treatment failure or later relapse. We also show that in cases where bacteria remain at the end of simulations, the organisms tend to be slower-growing and are often located within granulomas, surrounded by caseous material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Bowness
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Mark A J Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Gibin G Powathil
- Department of Mathematics, Talbot Building, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen H Gillespie
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Yu Q, Zhao P, Wang J, Duan C, Li J, Johnson H, Feng X, Zhang H. IP-10 and RANTES as biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis and monitoring. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 111:45-53. [PMID: 30029914 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether IP-10 and RANTES plasma levels can be used in diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS Plasma levels of cytokines/chemokines were measured using a Bio-Plex® multiplex cytokine assay system in a cohort containing 457 clinically suspected PTB patients including a training set (n = 41)and two independent test sets A (n = 242) and B (n = 174). RESULTS Plasma levels of IP-10 and RANTES were significantly higher in PTB patients than healthy controls' in both training and independent test sets (P < 0.05). Compared with other combinations, the combination of IP-10 and RANTES had the best performance with an AUC of 1.0 in training set. The performance characteristic of this model was successfully validated in independent test set A although this combination only resulted in a slightly improvement of AUC value in independent test set B. Plasma IP-10 and RANTES levels were weakly and positively correlated with blood glucose concentrations. Moreover, IP-10 levels were positively correlated with CRP and ESR in PTB patients. Furthermore, in response to therapy, both IP-10 and RANTES levels significantly decreased over the period of 6 months (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, combination of IP-10 and RANTES could be potentially used as diagnostic and monitoring biomarker in PTB management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China; Beijing Research Institute for Tuberculosis Control, No 5, Dongguang Hutong, Xinjiekou, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 25 Panjiayuan, Huaweili, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 25 Panjiayuan, Huaweili, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianxia Wang
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cuimi Duan
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiangxue Li
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Heqiu Zhang
- Department of Bio-diagnosis, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27, Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Al-Mozaini MA, Tsolaki AG, Abdul-Aziz M, Abozaid SM, Al-Ahdal MN, Pathan AA, Murugaiah V, Makarov EM, Kaur A, Sim RB, Kishore U, Kouser L. Human Properdin Modulates Macrophage: Mycobacterium bovis BCG Interaction via Thrombospondin Repeats 4 and 5. Front Immunol 2018; 9:533. [PMID: 29867915 PMCID: PMC5951972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can proficiently enter macrophages and diminish complement activation on its cell surface. Within macrophages, the mycobacterium can suppress macrophage apoptosis and survive within the intracellular environment. Previously, we have shown that complement regulatory proteins such as factor H may interfere with pathogen–macrophage interactions during tuberculosis infection. In this study, we show that Mycobacterium bovis BCG binds properdin, an upregulator of the complement alternative pathway. TSR4+5, a recombinant form of thrombospondin repeats 4 and 5 of human properdin expressed in tandem, which is an inhibitor of the alternative pathway, was also able to bind to M. bovis BCG. Properdin and TSR4+5 were found to inhibit uptake of M. bovis BCG by THP-1 macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed elevated pro-inflammatory responses (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the presence of properdin or TSR4+5, which gradually decreased over 6 h. Correspondingly, anti-inflammatory responses (IL-10 and TGF-β) showed suppressed levels of expression in the presence of properdin, which gradually increased over 6 h. Multiplex cytokine array analysis also revealed that properdin and TSR4+5 significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-1α) at 24 h, which declined at 48 h, whereas the anti-inflammatory response (IL-10) was suppressed. Our results suggest that properdin may interfere with mycobacterial entry into macrophages via TSR4 and TSR5, particularly during the initial stages of infection, thus affecting the extracellular survival of the pathogen. This study offers novel insights into the non-complement related functions of properdin during host–pathogen interactions in tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Ahmed Al-Mozaini
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Munirah Abdul-Aziz
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Suhair M Abozaid
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ansar A Pathan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeny M Makarov
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anuvinder Kaur
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B Sim
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lubna Kouser
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Varzari A, Tudor E, Bodrug N, Corloteanu A, Axentii E, Deyneko IV. Age-Specific Association ofCCL5Gene Polymorphism with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case–Control Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:281-287. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Varzari
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Chiril Draganiuc Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Tudor
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Chiril Draganiuc Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
| | - Nina Bodrug
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Chiril Draganiuc Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
| | - Andrei Corloteanu
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Chiril Draganiuc Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
| | - Ecaterina Axentii
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Chiril Draganiuc Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
| | - Igor V. Deyneko
- Institute of Microbiology and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mishra G, Poojary SS, Jain S, Tiwari PK. Genotype-phenotype relationship of CCL5 in pulmonary tuberculosis infection in Sahariya tribe: A pilot study. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:768-773. [PMID: 29664036 PMCID: PMC5926349 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1582_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Sahariya, a primitive tribe of Central India, has shown significantly increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Our previous study on Sahariya showed a significant association of −403G>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CCL5 with susceptibility to PTB. Hence, this study was aimed to analyze a genotype-phenotype relationship of this disease-associated SNP to develop a potential diagnostic marker for TB in this tribe. Methods: The present study was carried out on 70 plasma samples from Sahariya tribe, wherein the plasma CCL5 level was determined using a commercially available ELISA kit. Results: The level of CCL5 decreased significantly in patients who were on therapy/completed their therapy [inactive TB patient/inactive PTB (IPTB)], particularly with AA genotype of −403G>A (P=0.046). The level, with AA genotype, was also found to gradually decrease in sputum 3+ and 1+/2+ than in sputum-negative samples. Similarly, the CCL5 level was found to be higher in sputum-positive/active TB patients than in IPTB group and healthy controls. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results suggested that the CCL5 level was influenced collectively not only by the genotypes of −403G>A SNP and bacillary load but also by the treatment. Thus, CCL5 may be considered for the development of a diagnostic marker and also as an indicator of recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunja Mishra
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Centre for Genomics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Satish S Poojary
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Centre for Genomics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme Unit, District Hospital, Sheopur, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Centre for Genomics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
da Silva DAA, da Silva MV, Barros CCO, Alexandre PBD, Timóteo RP, Catarino JS, Sales-Campos H, Machado JR, Rodrigues DBR, Oliveira CJ, Rodrigues V. TNF-α blockade impairs in vitro tuberculous granuloma formation and down modulate Th1, Th17 and Treg cytokines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194430. [PMID: 29543912 PMCID: PMC5854376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a granulomatous disease that has affected humanity for thousands of years. The production of cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, is fundamental in the formation and maintenance of granulomas and in the control of the disease. Recently, the introduction of TNF-α-blocking monoclonal antibodies, such as Infliximab, has brought improvements in the treatment of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, but this treatment also increases the risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis. Our objective was to analyze, in an in vitro model, the influence of Infliximab on the granulomatous reactions and on the production of antigen-specific cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-10 and IL-17) from beads sensitized with soluble Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) antigens cultured in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from TB patients. We evaluated 76 individuals, with tuberculosis active, treated and subjects with positive PPD. Granuloma formation was induced in the presence or absence of Infliximab for up to 10 days. The use of Infliximab in cultures significantly blocked TNF-α production (p <0.05), and led to significant changes in granuloma structure, in vitro, only in the treated TB group. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction in the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-10 and IL-17 after TNF-α blockade in the three experimental groups (p <0.05). Taken together, our results demonstrate that TNF-α blockade by Infliximab directly influenced the structure of granuloma only in the treated TB group, but negatively modulated the production of Th1, Th17 and regulatory T cytokines in the three groups analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djalma A. Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cleyson C. Oliveira Barros
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo P. Timóteo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jonatas S. Catarino
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana R. Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Denise B. R. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo J. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Sciences, Triângulo Mineiro Federal University, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Harishankar M, Selvaraj P. Influence of Cdx2 and TaqI Gene Variants on Vitamin D 3 Modulated Intracellular Chemokine Positive T-Cell Subsets in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Clin Ther 2017; 39:946-957. [PMID: 28476406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D3) on intracellular chemokine-positive T-cell subsets in whole blood cultures of healthy controls and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS Genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The regulatory role of the Cdx2 and 3'UTR TaqI gene variants on chemokine-positive T-cell subsets was studied from culture filtrate antigen stimulated with or without vitamin D3 treated whole blood cultures of 60 healthy controls and 50 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. FINDINGS Vitamin D3 significantly suppressed monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10)-positive T-cell subsets compared with culture filtrate antigen stimulated cells without vitamin D3 treatment. In the Cdx2 AA genotype, vitamin D3 decreased MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES-positive T cells compared with the GG genotype. Whereas in the TaqI tt genotype, decreased MIP-1β and RANTES and increased IP-10-positive T cells were observed compared with the TT genotype in vitamin D3 treated cells (p < 0.05). IMPLICATIONS This study suggests that vitamin D3 may regulate the chemokine-positive T cells through the Cdx2 AA and TaqI tt genotypes. This could be helpful to regulate chemokine-mediated inflammatory response during active disease condition. Hence, vitamin D3 supplementation along with tuberculosis drugs may be useful for faster recovery from the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Harishankar
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India.
| | - Paramasivam Selvaraj
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (formerly Tuberculosis Research Centre), Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nonghanphithak D, Reechaipichitkul W, Namwat W, Naranbhai V, Faksri K. Chemokines additional to IFN-γ can be used to differentiate among Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection possibilities and provide evidence of an early clearance phenotype. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 105:28-34. [PMID: 28610785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) remain limited in their ability to discriminate between active TB (ATB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Early clearance (EC) of TB by individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a debated phenomenon for which evidence is lacking. We measured and compared secreted chemokines in the plasma fraction from 48 ATB, 38 LTBI, 162 presumed EC and 39 healthy controls (HC) using the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube assay. Single chemokine markers were limited in their ability to discriminate between ATB and LTBI: IFN-γ showed 16.7% sensitivity; CCL2 showed moderate sensitivity (70.8%) and specificity (74.4%); CXCL10 showed high sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (78.9%). Compared to IFN-γ alone, IFN-γ combined with CXCL10 significantly improved (p < 0.001) the sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between ATB and HC (97.9% sensitivity and 94.9% specificity) and between ATB and LTBI (89.6% sensitivity and 71.1% specificity). Levels of CCL2 were very significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in EC compared to HC groups and hence CCL2 is a useful marker for EC. This study demonstrated the potential application of profiling using multiple chemokines for differentiating among the various M. tuberculosis infection possibilities. We also present evidence to support the EC phenomenon based on the decrease of CCL2 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wipa Reechaipichitkul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wises Namwat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsu NJ, Francisco NM, Keeton R, Allie N, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B, Jacobs M. Myeloid and T Cell-Derived TNF Protects against Central Nervous System Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:180. [PMID: 28280495 PMCID: PMC5322283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS-TB) is a devastating complication of tuberculosis, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is crucial for innate immunity and controlling the infection. TNF is produced by many cell types upon activation, in particularly the myeloid and T cells during neuroinflammation. Here we used mice with TNF ablation targeted to myeloid and T cell (MT-TNF-/-) to assess the contribution of myeloid and T cell-derived TNF in immune responses during CNS-TB. These mice exhibited impaired innate immunity and high susceptibility to cerebral Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, a similar phenotype to complete TNF-deficient mice. Further, MT-TNF-/- mice were not able to control T cell responses and cytokine/chemokine production. Thus, our data suggested that collective TNF production by both myeloid and T cells are required to provide overall protective immunity against CNS-TB infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Ngiambudulu M Francisco
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Nasiema Allie
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Valérie F J Quesniaux
- CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics , Orleans , France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics , Orleans , France
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-triggered Hippo pathway orchestrates CXCL1/2 expression to modulate host immune responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37695. [PMID: 27883091 PMCID: PMC5121601 DOI: 10.1038/srep37695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis encompasses a plethora of finely regulated alterations within the host which eventually coin the outcome of infection. Chemokines are important components in directing immune cell recruitment to the site of infection, and shaping the disease progression. Here, we demonstrate that Hippo (mammalian sterile 20-like 1 and 2 kinases, MST1/2, in mammals), is activated during mycobacterial infection in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-interleukin receptor-1 associated kinases (IRAK1/4)-dependent manner. Mtb-triggered Hippo signaling modulates the expression and secretion of chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2); as silencing MST1/2 compromised the ability of Mtb to furnish the same. Further insight into the mechanism of Hippo-mediated regulation of chemokines revealed the role for a non-canonical Hippo effector interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRF) 3 in the process and marked the effect to be independent of LATS1. Alongside their ability to guide directed recruitment of immune cells, we have uncovered a paracrine role for Hippo-mediated secretion of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in the production of anti-microbial peptides (beta-defensins), iNOS, NOX2 and pro-inflammatory molecules during mycobacterial infection of the host. This study highlights the involvement of TLR2-IRAK1/4-MST1/2-IRF3 axis in Mtb-triggered modulation of chemokines and identifies Hippo signaling as a novel regulator of host-mycobacterial interactions.
Collapse
|
39
|
Virulent Mycobacterium bovis Beijing Strain Activates the NLRP7 Inflammasome in THP-1 Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152853. [PMID: 27043315 PMCID: PMC4820140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of tuberculosis in a wide range of mammals, including humans. Macrophages are the first line of host defense. They secrete proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), in response to mycobacterial infection, but the underlying mechanisms by which human macrophages are activated and release IL-1β following M. bovis infection are poorly understood. Here we show that the ‘nucleotide binding and oligomerization of domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 7 protein’ (NLRP7) inflammasome is involved in IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation induced by M. bovis infection in THP-1 macrophages. NLRP7 inflammasome activation promotes the induction of pyroptosis as well as the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) and IL-1β mRNAs. Thus, the NLRP7 inflammasome contributes to IL-1β secretion and induction of pyroptosis in response to M. bovis infection in THP-1 macrophages.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Manipulator of Protective Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:131. [PMID: 26927066 PMCID: PMC4813124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is one of the most successful pathogens in human history and remains a global health challenge. MTB has evolved a plethora of strategies to evade the immune response sufficiently to survive within the macrophage in a bacterial-immunological equilibrium, yet causes sufficient immunopathology to facilitate its transmission. This review highlights MTB as the driver of disease pathogenesis and presents evidence of the mechanisms by which MTB manipulates the protective immune response into a pathological productive infection.
Collapse
|
41
|
Xiong W, Dong H, Wang J, Zou X, Wen Q, Luo W, Liu S, He J, Cai S, Ma L. Analysis of Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Patients with and without Tuberculosis by Liquid Array-Based Multiplexed Immunoassays. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148885. [PMID: 26881918 PMCID: PMC4755571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish plasma cytokine/chemokine profiles in patients with 3 different presentations of active tuberculosis (TB), compared to the profiles observed in bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy individuals and patients with other pulmonary diseases (non-TB patients). To this end, plasma samples were collected from 151 TB patients including 68 pulmonary TB (PTB), 43 endobronchial TB, and 40 tuberculosis pleurisy (TP) patients, as well as 107 no-TB cases including 26 non-TB patients and 81 BCG-vaccinated healthy controls. A liquid array-based multiplexed immunoassay was used to screen plasma samples for 20 distinct cytokines and chemokines. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze associations between cytokines/chemokines and TB/non-TB patients. Compared to our findings with the no-TB donors, the median plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines TNF-α, IL-6, IP-10, IFN-γ, and MIP-1β were significantly elevated in TB patients, suggesting their potential use as biomarkers for diagnosing TB patients. Further comparisons with healthy donors showed that only the median TNF-α plasma level was highly produced in the plasma of all 3 types of TB patients. Plasma IL-6 production was higher only in TP patients, while the plasma levels of IP-10, IFN-γ, and MIP-1β were markedly enhanced in both PTB and TP patients. Unexpectedly, among the above cytokines/chemokines, MIP-1β was also highly expressed in non-TB patients, compared with healthy donors. Our results suggested that TNF-α may be an ideal biomarker for diagnosing the 3 forms of TB presentation, while the other factors (IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, and IFN-γ) can potentially facilitate differential diagnosis for the 3 TB presentation types. Further characterization of immune responses associated with different types of TB diseases will provide a basis for developing novel TB diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haiping Dong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- The First People's Hospital of Kashi, Xinjiang 844000, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sudong Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianchun He
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mycobacterium-Infected Dendritic Cells Disseminate Granulomatous Inflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15248. [PMID: 26515292 PMCID: PMC4626772 DOI: 10.1038/srep15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The disappearance and reformation of granulomas during tuberculosis has been described using PET/CT/X-ray in both human clinical settings and animal models, but the mechanisms of granuloma reformation during active disease remains unclear. Granulomas can recruit inflammatory dendritic cells (iDCs) that can regulate local T-cell responses and can carry bacteria into the lymph nodes, which is crucial for generating systemic T-cell responses against mycobacteria. Here, we report that a subset of mycobacterium-infected iDCs are associated with bacteria-specific T-cells in infected tissue, outside the granuloma, and that this results in the formation of new and/or larger multi-focal lesions. Mycobacterium-infected iDCs express less CCR7 and migrate less efficiently compared to the non-infected iDCs, which may support T-cell capture in granulomatous tissue. Capture may reduce antigen availability in the lymph node, thereby decreasing systemic priming, resulting in a possible regulatory loop between systemic T-cell responses and granuloma reformation. T-cell/infected iDCs clusters outside the granuloma can be detected during the acute and chronic phase of BCG and Mtb infection. Our studies suggest a direct role for inflammatory dendritic cells in the dissemination of granulomatous inflammation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Binding of CXCL8/IL-8 to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Modulates the Innate Immune Response. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:124762. [PMID: 26300588 PMCID: PMC4537748 DOI: 10.1155/2015/124762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). Importantly and in direct relevance to the objectives of this report quite a few findings suggest that the presence of IL-8 may be beneficial for the host. IL-8 may aid with mounting an adequate response during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb); however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The major goal of our study was to investigate the contribution of IL-8 to the inflammatory processes that are typically elicited in patients with TB. We have shown for the first time that IL-8 can directly bind to tubercle bacilli. We have also demonstrated that association of IL-8 with M. tb molecules leads to the augmentation of the ability of leukocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) to phagocyte and kill these bacilli. In addition, we have shown that significant amount of IL-8 present in the blood of TB patients associates with erythrocytes. Finally, we have noted that IL-8 is the major chemokine responsible for recruiting T lymphocytes (CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells). In summary, our data suggest that the association of IL-8 with M. tb molecules may modify and possibly enhance the innate immune response in patients with TB.
Collapse
|
44
|
Hasan Z, Rao N, Salahuddin N, Islam M, Ashraf M, Rottenberg ME, Hussain R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sonicate-Induced IFNγ, CXCL10 and IL10 can Differentiate Severity in Tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:220-6. [PMID: 21958213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Improved tools are required to study immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-stimulated T cell-based assays can detect TB but are less effective when responses are compromised such as in severe disease. We investigated immune responses to M. tuberculosis whole sonicate (MTBs), recombinant antigens ESAT6 and CFP10 in whole blood cells of healthy endemic controls (EC, n = 42) and patients with pulmonary (PTB, n = 36) or extrapulmonary (ETB, n = 41) disease. Biomarkers of T cell activation (IFNγ) or modulation (IL10) and chemokines, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CCL2, secretion were measured. MTBs, ESAT6 and CFP10 all induced IFNγ responses in TB. ESAT6-induced IFNγ was elevated in TB as compared with EC. MTBs stimulated the highest IFNγ levels but did not differentiate between TB and EC. However, MTBs-induced CXCL10 (P = 0.004) was reduced, while IL10 (P < 0.001) was raised in TB as compared with EC. Between sites, MTBs-induced CCL2 (P = 0.001) and IL10 secretion was higher in PTB than ETB (P < 0.001). In comparison of disease severity, MTBs-induced IFNγ (P = 0.014) and CXCL10 (P = 0.022) levels were raised in moderate as compared with far advanced PTB. In ETB, MTBs-induced IL10 levels were greater in less-severe (L-ETB) than in severe disseminated (D-ETB) cases, P = 0.035. Within the L-ETB group, MTBs-induced IFNγ was greater in patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis than those with pleural TB (P = 0.002). As immune responses to MTBs were differentially activated in TB of different sites and severity, we propose the utility of MTBs-induced IFNγ, CXCL10 and IL10 as biomarkers in TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanOJHA Institute for Chest Diseases, DOW University of Healthy Sciences, Karachi, PakistanIndus Hospital, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Rao
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanOJHA Institute for Chest Diseases, DOW University of Healthy Sciences, Karachi, PakistanIndus Hospital, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Salahuddin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanOJHA Institute for Chest Diseases, DOW University of Healthy Sciences, Karachi, PakistanIndus Hospital, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Islam
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanOJHA Institute for Chest Diseases, DOW University of Healthy Sciences, Karachi, PakistanIndus Hospital, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Ashraf
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanOJHA Institute for Chest Diseases, DOW University of Healthy Sciences, Karachi, PakistanIndus Hospital, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M E Rottenberg
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanOJHA Institute for Chest Diseases, DOW University of Healthy Sciences, Karachi, PakistanIndus Hospital, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanOJHA Institute for Chest Diseases, DOW University of Healthy Sciences, Karachi, PakistanIndus Hospital, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology and Tumor Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu W, Peng Y, Yin Y, Zhou Z, Zhou W, Dai Y. The involvement of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS in cytokine secretion from macrophages induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6. Inflammation 2015; 37:880-92. [PMID: 24408010 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is strongly correlated with subversion of innate immune responses against invading mycobacteria. To understand the role of ESAT-6 in macrophage response against M. tuberculosis, the effects of ESAT-6 on macrophage generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of cytokines were studied. ESAT-6-induced macrophage secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and TNF-α was found in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Signaling inhibition experiments indicate that NF-κB activation mediated by p38/JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was involved in ESAT-6-triggered cytokine production. Moreover, TLR2 was engaged in ESAT-6-stimulated macrophage activation via rapidly induced ROS production and regulated activation of JNK/p38 MAPKs and NF-κB. More importantly, NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation is required during this process. Our study has identified a novel signal transduction pathway involving NADPH-ROS-JNK/p38-NF-κB in ESAT-6-induced cytokine production from macrophages. These findings provide an important evidence to understand the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis infection in the modulation of the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Medical Research Building, Rm F509, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Govender VS, Ramsugit S, Pillay M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins: potential biomarkers as anti-tuberculosis therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:1821-1831. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.082206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to host cells is a precursor to host colonization and evasion of the host immune response. Conversely, it triggers the induction of the immune response, a process vital to the host’s defence against infection. Adhesins are microbial cell surface molecules or structures that mediate the attachment of the microbe to host cells and thus the host–pathogen interaction. They also play a crucial role in bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. In this review, we discuss the role of adhesins in the pathogenesis of the aetiological agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We also provide insight into the structure and characteristics of some of the characterized and putative M. tuberculosis adhesins. Finally, we examine the potential of adhesins as targets for the development of tuberculosis control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viveshree S. Govender
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saiyur Ramsugit
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manormoney Pillay
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Prozorov AA, Fedorova IA, Bekker OB, Danilenko VN. The virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Genetic control, new conceptions. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414080055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
48
|
Huang KH, Wang CH, Lin CH, Kuo HP. NF-κB repressing factor downregulates basal expression and mycobacterium tuberculosis induced IP-10 and IL-8 synthesis via interference with NF-κB in monocytes. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:71. [PMID: 25135111 PMCID: PMC4237804 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study showed NF-κB repressing factor (NKRF) downregulates IP-10 and IL-8 synthesis in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and alveolar macrophages of TB patients with high bacterial loads. However, the mechanism underlying the repressive effect of NKRF is not fully understood. Results The levels of IP-10, IL-8 and NKRF were significantly up-regulated in THP-1 cells treated with heated mycobacterium tuberculosis (H. TB). NKRF inhibited NF-κB-mediated IP-10 and IL-8 synthesis and release induced by H. TB. The repressive effect of NKRF is mediated via interference with NF-κB (p65) binding and RNA polymerase II recruitment to promoter sites of IP-10 and IL-8. Conclusions We have elucidated that direct contact with MTb induces IP-10, IL-8 and a concomitant increase in NKRF in THP-1 cells. The up-regulated NKRF serves as an endogenous repressor for IP-10 and IL-8 synthesis to hinder host from robust response to MTb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Three-dimensional in vitro models of granuloma to study bacteria-host interactions, drug-susceptibility, and resuscitation of dormant mycobacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:623856. [PMID: 24967387 PMCID: PMC4055484 DOI: 10.1155/2014/623856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis can survive within host macrophages in a dormant state, encased within an organized aggregate of immune host cells called granuloma. Granulomas consist of uninfected macrophages, foamy macrophages, epithelioid cells, and T lymphocytes accumulated around infected macrophages. Within granulomas, activated macrophages can fuse to form multinucleated giant cells, also called giant Langhans cells. A rim of T lymphocytes surrounds the core, and a tight coat of fibroblast closes the structure. Several in vivo models have been used to study granuloma's structure and function, but recently developed in vitro models of granuloma show potential for closer observation of the early stages of host's responses to live mycobacteria. This paper reviews culture conditions that resulted in three-dimensional granulomas, formed by the adhesion of cell populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with mycobacteria. The similarities of these models to granulomas encountered in clinical specimens include cellular composition, granulomas' cytokine production, and cell surface antigens. A reliable in vitro dormancy model may serve as a useful platform to test whether drug candidates can kill dormant mycobacteria. Novel drugs that target dormancy-specific pathways may shorten the current long, difficult treatments necessary to cure mycobacterial diseases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Waters WR, Maggioli MF, McGill JL, Lyashchenko KP, Palmer MV. Relevance of bovine tuberculosis research to the understanding of human disease: historical perspectives, approaches, and immunologic mechanisms. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 159:113-32. [PMID: 24636301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pioneer studies on infectious disease and immunology by Jenner, Pasteur, Koch, Von Behring, Nocard, Roux, and Ehrlich forged a path for the dual-purpose with dual benefit approach, demonstrating a profound relevance of veterinary studies for biomedical applications. Tuberculosis (TB), primarily due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans and Mycobacterium bovis in cattle, is an exemplary model for the demonstration of this concept. Early studies with cattle were instrumental in the development of the use of Koch's tuberculin as an in vivo measure of cell-mediated immunity for diagnostic purposes. Calmette and Guerin demonstrated the efficacy of an attenuated M. bovis strain (BCG) in cattle prior to use of this vaccine in humans. The interferon-γ release assay, now widely used for TB diagnosis in humans, was developed circa 1990 for use in the Australian bovine TB eradication program. More recently, M. bovis infection and vaccine efficacy studies with cattle have demonstrated a correlation of vaccine-elicited T cell central memory (TCM) responses to vaccine efficacy, correlation of specific antibody to mycobacterial burden and lesion severity, and detection of antigen-specific IL-17 responses to vaccination and infection. Additionally, positive prognostic indicators of bovine TB vaccine efficacy (i.e., responses measured after infection) include: reduced antigen-specific IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-4, and MIP1-α responses; reduced antigen-specific expansion of CD4(+) T cells; and a diminished activation profile on T cells within antigen stimulated cultures. Delayed type hypersensitivity and IFN-γ responses correlate with infection but do not necessarily correlate with lesion severity whereas antibody responses generally correlate with lesion severity. Recently, serologic tests have emerged for the detection of tuberculous animals, particularly elephants, captive cervids, and camelids. B cell aggregates are consistently detected within tuberculous lesions of humans, cattle, mice and various other species, suggesting a role for B cells in the immunopathogenesis of TB. Comparative immunology studies including partnerships of researchers with veterinary and medical perspectives will continue to provide mutual benefit to TB research in both man and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ray Waters
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States.
| | - Mayara F Maggioli
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|