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Petersburg J, Shen J, Csizmar CM, Murphy KA, Spanier J, Gabrielse K, Griffith TS, Fife B, Wagner CR. Eradication of Established Tumors by Chemically Self-Assembled Nanoring Labeled T Cells. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6563-6576. [PMID: 29792808 PMCID: PMC6506352 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has developed chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) as prosthetic antigen receptors (PARs) for the nongenetic modification of T cell surfaces. PARs have been successfully employed in vitro to activate T cells for the selective killing of leukemia cells. However, PAR efficacy has yet to be evaluated in vivo or against solid tumors. Therefore, we developed bispecific PARs that selectively target the human CD3 receptor and human epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is overexpressed on multiple carcinomas and cancer stem cells. The αEpCAM/αCD3 PARs were found to stably bind T cells for >4 days, and treating EpCAM+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells with αEpCAM/αCD3 PAR-functionalized T cells resulted in the induction of IL-2, IFN-γ, and MCF-7 cytotoxicity. Furthermore, an orthotopic breast cancer model validated the ability of αEpCAM/αCD3 PAR therapy to direct T cell lytic activity toward EpCAM+ breast cancer cells in vivo, leading to tumor eradication. In vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that PAR-T cells were formed in vivo and persist for over 48 h with rapid accumulation in tumor tissue. Following PAR treatment, the production of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α could be significantly reduced by an infusion of clinically relevant concentrations of the FDA-approved antibiotic, trimethoprim, signaling pharmacologic PAR deactivation. Importantly, CSANs did not induce naïve T cell activation and thus exhibit a limited potential to induce naïve T cell anergy. In addition, murine immunogenicity studies demonstrated that CSANs do not induce a significant antibody response nor do they activate splenic cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bispecific CSANs are able to nongenetically generate reversibly modified T cells that are capable of eradicating targeted solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Petersburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Clifford M Csizmar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Katherine A Murphy
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Justin Spanier
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kari Gabrielse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Brian Fife
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Address correspondence to: , University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 2231 6th Street S.E., Cancer & Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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