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Hájek M, Flögel U, S Tavares AA, Nichelli L, Kennerley A, Kahn T, Futterer JJ, Firsiori A, Grüll H, Saha N, Couñago F, Aydogan DB, Caligiuri ME, Faber C, Bell LC, Figueiredo P, Vilanova JC, Santini F, Mekle R, Waiczies S. MR beyond diagnostics at the ESMRMB annual meeting: MR theranostics and intervention. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 37:323-328. [PMID: 38865057 PMCID: PMC11316697 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-024-01176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Hájek
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adriana A S Tavares
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucia Nichelli
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Paris, France
- Department of Neuroradiology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aneurin Kennerley
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Thomas Kahn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jurgen J Futterer
- Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Intervention Center (MAGIC), Department of Medical Imaging, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aikaterini Firsiori
- Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Diagnostic Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Holger Grüll
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nandita Saha
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum Für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felipe Couñago
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario San Francisco de Asís, Hospital Universitario Vithas La Milagrosa, GenesisCare, 28010, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dogu Baran Aydogan
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Eugenia Caligiuri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Degli Studi "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura C Bell
- Early Clinical Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, USA
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, ISR-Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joan C Vilanova
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Girona, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI) Girona, University of Girona, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesco Santini
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Basel Muscle MRI, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Mekle
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Waiczies
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum Für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), A Joint Cooperation Between the Charité Medical Faculty and the MDC, Berlin, Germany.
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Wu J, Wu C, Cai Z, Gu H, Liu L, Xia C, Lui S, Gong Q, Song B, Ai H. Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for intra-articular targeting of cartilage in early osteoarthritis. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad052. [PMID: 37397872 PMCID: PMC10307945 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) is critical for effective cartilage repair. However, lack of blood vessels in articular cartilage poses a barrier to contrast agent delivery and subsequent diagnostic imaging. To address this challenge, we proposed to develop ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, 4 nm) that can penetrate into the matrix of articular cartilage, and further modified with the peptide ligand WYRGRL (particle size, 5.9 nm), which allows SPIONs to bind to type II collagen in the cartilage matrix and increase the retention of probes. Type II collagen in the cartilage matrix is gradually lost with the progression of OA, consequently, the binding of peptide-modified ultra-small SPIONs to type II collagen in the OA cartilage matrix is less, thus presenting different magnetic resonance (MR) signals in OA group from the normal ones. By introducing the AND logical operation, damaged cartilage can be differentiated from the surrounding normal tissue on T1 and T2 AND logical map of MR images, and this was also verified in histology studies. Overall, this work provides an effective strategy for delivering nanosized imaging agents to articular cartilage, which could potentially be used to diagnosis joint-related diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
- Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86 28 85413991, E-mail: (H.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Zhongyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Haojie Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chunchao Xia
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610064, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, Sanya People’s Hospital, Hainan, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Hua Ai
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86 28 85413991, E-mail: (H.A.); (C.W.)
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Alamidi DF, Smailagic A, Bidar AW, Parker NS, Olsson M, Hockings PD, Lagerstrand KM, Olsson LE. Variable flip angle 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) T 1 mapping of mouse lung: A repeatability assessment. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:846-852. [PMID: 29517831 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung T1 is a potential translational biomarker of lung disease. The precision and repeatability of variable flip angle (VFA) T1 mapping using modern 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging of the whole lung needs to be established before it can be used to assess response to disease and therapy. PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of regional lung T1 quantification with VFA 3D-UTE and to investigate long- and short-term T1 repeatability in the lungs of naive mice. STUDY TYPE Prospective preclinical animal study. POPULATION Eight naive mice and phantoms. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3D free-breathing radial UTE (8 μs) at 4.7T. ASSESSMENT VFA 3D-UTE T1 calculations were validated against T1 values measured with inversion recovery (IR) in phantoms. Lung T1 and proton density (S0 ) measurements of whole lung and muscle were repeated five times over 1 month in free-breathing naive mice. Two consecutive T1 measurements were performed during one of the imaging sessions. STATISTICAL TESTS Agreement in T1 between VFA 3D-UTE and IR in phantoms was assessed using Bland-Altman and Pearson 's correlation analysis. The T1 repeatability in mice was evaluated using coefficient of variation (CV), repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and paired t-test. RESULTS Good T1 agreement between the VFA 3D-UTE and IR methods was found in phantoms. T1 in lung and muscle showed a 5% and 3% CV (1255 ± 63 msec and 1432 ± 42 msec, respectively, mean ± SD) with no changes in T1 or S0 over a month. Consecutive measurements resulted in an increase of 2% in both lung T1 and S0 . DATA CONCLUSION VFA 3D-UTE shows promise as a reliable T1 mapping method that enables full lung coverage, high signal-to-noise ratio (∼25), and spatial resolution (300 μm) in freely breathing animals. The precision of the VFA 3D-UTE method will enable better design and powering of studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Alamidi
- Philips Health Systems, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul D Hockings
- Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
- Medtech West, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin M Lagerstrand
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Translational Sciences, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
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Tcheudji JK, Cannet C, Gérard C, Curdy C, Beckmann N. Long-term distribution of biodegradable microparticles in rat muscle quantified noninvasively by MRI. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1736-1742. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Kameni Tcheudji
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences & Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences & Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine Curdy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma Development; Basel Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences & Imaging; Basel Switzerland
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Qi Y, Hainz N, Tschernig T, Meier C, Volmer DA. Differential distribution of probenecid as detected by on-tissue mass spectrometry. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:427-9. [PMID: 25759072 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, by means of on-tissue mass spectrometry of tissue sections, that the drug probenecid can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. This method holds general promise for the detection and distribution of small molecule drugs within organ and tissue compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Qi
- Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, Kirrberger Straße, Trigonum Vesalii, 66424, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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6
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Gammon ST, Foje N, Brewer EM, Owers E, Downs CA, Budde MD, Leevy WM, Helms MN. Preclinical anatomical, molecular, and functional imaging of the lung with multiple modalities. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L897-914. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging is an important tool for preclinical studies of lung function and disease. The widespread availability of multimodal animal imaging systems and the rapid rate of diagnostic contrast agent development have empowered researchers to noninvasively study lung function and pulmonary disorders. Investigators can identify, track, and quantify biological processes over time. In this review, we highlight the fundamental principles of bioluminescence, fluorescence, planar X-ray, X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear imaging modalities (such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography) that have been successfully employed for the study of lung function and pulmonary disorders in a preclinical setting. The major principles, benefits, and applications of each imaging modality and technology are reviewed. Limitations and the future prospective of multimodal imaging in pulmonary physiology are also discussed. In vivo imaging bridges molecular biological studies, drug design and discovery, and the imaging field with modern medical practice, and, as such, will continue to be a mainstay in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth T. Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nathan Foje
- Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth M. Brewer
- Department of Pediatrics Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth Owers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Charles A. Downs
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Matthew D. Budde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - W. Matthew Leevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - My N. Helms
- Department of Pediatrics Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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El-Mashtoly SF, Petersen D, Yosef HK, Mosig A, Reinacher-Schick A, Kötting C, Gerwert K. Label-free imaging of drug distribution and metabolism in colon cancer cells by Raman microscopy. Analyst 2014; 139:1155-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01993d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) will continue to play an ever increasing role in drug discovery because MRS does readily define biomarkers for several hundreds of clinically distinct diseases. Published evidence based medicine (EBM) surveys, which generally conclude the opposite, are seriously flawed and do a disservice to the field of drug discovery. AREAS COVERED This article presents MRS and how it has guided several hundreds of practical human 'drug discovery' endeavors since its development. Specifically, the author looks at the process of 'reverse-translation' and its influence in the expansion of the number of preclinical drug discoveries from in vivo MRS. The author also provides a structured approach of eight criteria, including EBM acceptance, which could potentially re-open the field of MRS for productive exploration of existing and repurposed drugs and cost-effective drug-discovery. EXPERT OPINION MRS-guided drug discovery is poised for future expansion. The cost of clinical trials has escalated and the use of biomarkers has become increasingly useful in improving patient selection for drug trials. Clinical MRS has uncovered a treasure-trove of novel biomarkers and clinical MRS itself has become better standardized and more widely available on 'routine' clinical MRI scanners. When combined with available new MRI sequences, MRS can provide a 'one stop shop' with multiple potential outcome measures for the disease and the drug in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Ross
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Unit, 10 Pico Street, Pasadena 91105, USA.
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Pirman DA, Kiss A, Heeren RMA, Yost RA. Identifying tissue-specific signal variation in MALDI mass spectrometric imaging by use of an internal standard. Anal Chem 2012; 85:1090-6. [PMID: 23214468 DOI: 10.1021/ac3029618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Generating analyte-specific distribution maps of compounds in a tissue sample by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) has become a useful tool in numerous areas across the biological sciences. Direct analysis of the tissue sample provides MS images of an analyte's distribution with minimal sample pretreatment. The technique, however, suffers from the inability to account for tissue-specific variations in ion signal. The variation in the makeup of different tissue types can result in significant differences in analyte extraction, cocrystallization, and ionization across a sample. In this study, a deuterated internal standard was used to account for these signal variations. Initial experiments were performed using pure standards and optimal cutting temperature compound (OCT) to generate known areas of ion suppression. By monitoring the analyte-to-internal-standard ratio, differences in ion signal were taken into account, resulting in images that better represented the analyte concentration. These experiments were then replicated using multiple tissue types in which the analyte's MS signal was monitored. In certain tissues, including liver and kidney, the analyte signal was attenuated by up to 90%; however, when the analyte-to-internal-standard ratio was monitored, these differences were taken into account. These experiments further exemplify the need for an internal standard in the MSI workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Pirman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32607, USA
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Optical and magnetic resonance imaging as complementary modalities in drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:317-37. [PMID: 21426169 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging has the ability to study various biological and chemical processes noninvasively in living subjects in a longitudinal way. For this reason, imaging technologies have become an integral part of the drug-discovery and development program and are commonly used in following disease processes and drug action in both preclinical and clinical stages. As the domain of imaging sciences transitions from anatomical/functional to molecular applications, the development of molecular probes becomes crucial for the advancement of the field. This review summarizes the role of two complementary techniques, magnetic resonance and fluorescence optical imaging, in drug discovery. While the first approach exploits intrinsic tissue characteristics as the source of image contrast, the second necessitates the use of appropriate probes for signal generation. The anatomical, functional, metabolic and molecular information that becomes accessible through imaging can provide invaluable insights into disease mechanisms and mechanisms of drug action.
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Abstract
The use of MS imaging (MSI) to resolve the spatial and pharmacodynamic distributions of compounds in tissues is emerging as a powerful tool for pharmacological research. Unlike established imaging techniques, only limited a priori knowledge is required and no extensive manipulation (e.g., radiolabeling) of drugs is necessary prior to dosing. MS provides highly multiplexed detection, making it possible to identify compounds, their metabolites and other changes in biomolecular abundances directly off tissue sections in a single pass. This can be employed to obtain near cellular, or potentially subcellular, resolution images. Consideration of technical limitations that affect the process is required, from sample preparation through to analyte ionization and detection. The techniques have only recently been adapted for imaging and novel variations to the established MSI methodologies will further enhance the application of MSI for pharmacological research.
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Beckmann N, Cannet C, Babin AL, Blé F, Zurbruegg S, Kneuer R, Dousset V. In vivo
visualization of macrophage infiltration and activity in inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 1:272-98. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau Beckmann
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Louise Babin
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - François‐Xavier Blé
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Canada M5T 3H7
| | - Stefan Zurbruegg
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kneuer
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH‐4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Dousset
- University Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, EA 2966 Neurobiology of Myelin Disease Laboratory, CHU de Bordeaux, F‐33076 Bordeaux, France
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Abstract
Toxicology accounts for approximately one-third of attrition in new drug development and is a major concern in the pharmaceutical industry. This paper reviews the role of biomedical imaging in the safety evaluation of new candidate drugs. Ex vivo high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of specimens can provide a quick overview of the specimens. Volumetric measurements of tissue structures and lesions can be made with higher precision and reproducibility than histology approaches. As opposed to histology, in vivo animal imaging permits longitudinal studies of the same animals over an extended period of time, with individual animals serving as their own control. Therefore, the number of animals required for a study can be significantly reduced and the intra-subject variability is minimized. Repeated in vivo imaging allows monitoring of the occurrence and progression, or regression, of various structural and functional abnormalities. Compared with other biological assays, imaging can provide anatomically specific information about tissue abnormality. Imaging offers the opportunity to carry forward the same methodology in animal experiments into human studies and has an important role in clinical trials when other safety biomarkers for early toxicities are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Imaging drugs and metabolites in tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18120-5. [PMID: 18697929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801066105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient ionization methods for MS enable direct, high-throughput measurements of samples in the open air. Here, we report on one such method, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), which is coupled to a linear ion trap mass spectrometer and used to record the spatial intensity distribution of a drug directly from histological sections of brain, lung, kidney, and testis without prior chemical treatment. DESI imaging provided identification and distribution of clozapine after an oral dose of 50 mg/kg by: i) measuring the abundance of the intact ion at m/z 327.1, and ii) monitoring the dissociation of the protonated drug compound at m/z 327.1 to its dominant product ion at m/z 270.1. In lung tissues, DESI imaging was performed in the full-scan mode over an m/z range of 200-1100, providing an opportunity for relative quantitation by using an endogenous lipid to normalize the signal response of clozapine. The presence of clozapine was detected in all tissue types, whereas the presence of the N-desmethyl metabolite was detected only in the lung sections. Quantitation of clozapine from the brain, lung, kidney, and testis, by using LC-MS/MS, revealed concentrations ranging from 0.05 microg/g (brain) to a high of 10.6 microg/g (lung). Comparisons of the results recorded by DESI with those by LC-MS/MS show good agreement and are favorable for the use of DESI imaging in drug and metabolite detection directly from biological tissues.
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16
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Beckmann N, Cannet C, Karmouty-Quintana H, Tigani B, Zurbruegg S, Blé FX, Crémillieux Y, Trifilieff A. Lung MRI for experimental drug research. Eur J Radiol 2007; 64:381-96. [PMID: 17931813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Current techniques to evaluate the efficacy of potential treatments for airways diseases in preclinical models are generally invasive and terminal. In the past few years, the flexibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain anatomical and functional information of the lung has been explored with the scope of developing a non-invasive approach for the routine testing of drugs in models of airways diseases in small rodents. With MRI, the disease progression can be followed in the same animal. Thus, a significant reduction in the number of animals used for experimentation is achieved, as well as minimal interference with their well-being and physiological status. In addition, under certain circumstances the duration of the observation period after disease onset can be shortened since the technique is able to detect changes before these are reflected in parameters of inflammation determined using invasive procedures. The objective of this article is to briefly address MRI techniques that are being used in experimental lung research, with special emphasis on applications. Following an introduction on proton techniques and MRI of hyperpolarized gases, the attention is shifted to the MRI analysis of several aspects of lung disease models, including inflammation, ventilation, emphysema, fibrosis and sensory nerve activation. The next subject concerns the use of MRI in pharmacological studies within the context of experimental lung research. A final discussion points towards advantages and limitations of MRI in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau Beckmann
- Discovery Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Lichtstr. 35, WSJ-386.2.09, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Signor L, Varesio E, Staack RF, Starke V, Richter WF, Hopfgartner G. Analysis of erlotinib and its metabolites in rat tissue sections by MALDI quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:900-9. [PMID: 17534860 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative and quantitative analysis of erlotinib (RO0508231) and its metabolites was carried out on rat tissue sections from liver, spleen and muscle. Following oral administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg, samples were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) with mass spectrometry (MS) using an orthogonal quadrupole time-of-flight instrument. The parent compound was detected in all tissues analyzed. The metabolites following drug O-dealkylation could also be detected in liver sections. Sinapinic acid (SA) matrix combined with the dried-droplet method resulted in better conditions for our analysis on tissues. Drug quantitation was investigated by the standard addition method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis on the tissue extracts. The presence of the parent compound and of its O-demethylated metabolites was confirmed in all tissue types and their absolute amounts calculated. In liver the intact drug was found to be 3.76 ng/mg tissue, while in spleen and muscle 6- and 30-fold lower values, respectively, were estimated. These results were compared with drug quantitation obtained by whole-body autoradiography, which was found to be similar. The potential for direct quantitation on tissue sections in the presence of an internal standard was also investigated using MALDI-MS. The use of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as the matrix resulted in better linearity for the calibration curves obtained with reference solutions of the drug when compared to SA, but on tissue samples no reliable quantitative analysis was possible owing to the large variability in the signal response. MS imaging experiments using MALDI in MS/MS mode allowed visualizing the distribution of the parent compound in liver and spleen tissues. By calculating the ratio between the total ion intensities of MS images for liver and spleen sections, a value of 6 : 1 was found, which is in good agreement with the quantitative data obtained by LC-MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Signor
- University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, 20 Boulevard d'Yvoy, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Beckmann N, Kneuer R, Gremlich HU, Karmouty-Quintana H, Blé FX, Müller M. In vivo mouse imaging and spectroscopy in drug discovery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2007; 20:154-85. [PMID: 17451175 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Imaging modalities such as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET), high-resolution MRI, optical imaging, and high-resolution ultrasound have become invaluable tools in preclinical pharmaceutical research. They can be used to non-invasively investigate, in vivo, rodent biology and metabolism, disease models, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The advantages and limitations of each approach usually determine its application, and therefore a small-rodent imaging laboratory in a pharmaceutical environment should ideally provide access to several techniques. In this paper we aim to illustrate how these techniques may be used to obtain meaningful information for the phenotyping of transgenic mice and for the analysis of compounds in murine models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau Beckmann
- Discovery Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Tigani B, Cannet C, Karmouty-Quintana H, Blé FX, Zurbruegg S, Schaeublin E, Fozard JR, Beckmann N. Lung inflammation and vascular remodeling after repeated allergen challenge detected noninvasively by MRI. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 292:L644-53. [PMID: 17085517 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00122.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used previously to follow noninvasively inflammatory processes in rat acute models of lung inflammation. Here the technique was applied to a model involving repeated intratracheal administration of ovalbumin (OA). Anatomical MRI was performed at different time points with respect to a single or multiple OA challenges in Brown Norway rats actively sensitized to the allergen. Vascular permeability was assessed using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis and histology were performed to validate the MRI data. The time course of MRI signals after a single OA challenge reached a maximum at 48 h and decreased significantly at 96 h. After the second and subsequent challenges, the maximum signal occurred at 6 h with a time-dependent decline over the remainder of the time course. A reduction of the inflammatory response following repeated administration of OA was also detected by BAL fluid analysis. The decrease in vascular permeability assessed by DCE-MRI in repeatedly OA-challenged rats was consistent with the thickening of the vascular wall for vessels of diameter up to 300 microm revealed by histology. Angiogenesis of vessels smaller than 30 microm was also detected histologically. These results suggest that MRI can be used to detect the inflammatory response and vascular remodeling associated with chronic airway inflammation in rat models involving repeated administration of allergen. As the contrast agent used in the DCE-MRI experiments is approved for clinical use, there is potential to translate the approach to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tigani
- Discovery Technologies Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Salgado-Pineda P, Delaveau P, Falcon C, Blin O. Brain T1 intensity changes after levodopa administration in healthy subjects: a voxel-based morphometry study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 62:546-51. [PMID: 16796705 PMCID: PMC1885173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To test T1 intensity variations induced by levodopa administration in the regional fixation area in the human brain. METHOD Using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique [T1-weighted sequence MPRAGE; TE/TR/TI = 5/25/800 ms; impulsion angle = 15 degrees; field of view = 256 x 230 x 180 mm3; acquisition matrix = 256 x 192 x 104; reconstruction matrix = 256 x 256 x 128), we tested changes in the T1 MRI signal intensity resulting in changes in the grey matter automatic classification after administration of a single dose of 100 mg of levodopa by a voxel-based morphometry method (VBM) in 12 healthy subjects. RESULTS The VBM analysis demonstrated an increased number of voxels attributed to grey matter after levodopa administration in an anatomical cluster which included substantia nigra, tegmental ventral area and subthalamic nucleus bilaterally, the principal origin and first relay nuclei of projections in brain dopaminergic systems (t = 8.61; corrected for all grey matter volume P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that levodopa administration could induce an MRI T1 signal intensity variation that is not evident to the naked eye, but is detectable by measuring local signal intensities. Possible clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine, UMR 6193CNRS Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Heinzer S, Krucker T, Stampanoni M, Abela R, Meyer EP, Schuler A, Schneider P, Müller R. Hierarchical microimaging for multiscale analysis of large vascular networks. Neuroimage 2006; 32:626-36. [PMID: 16697665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide range of diseases and normal physiological processes that are associated with alterations of the vascular system in organs. Ex vivo imaging of large vascular networks became feasible with recent developments in microcomputed tomography (microCT). Current methods permit to visualize only limited numbers of physically excised regions of interests (ROIs) from larger samples. We developed a method based on modified vascular corrosion casting (VCC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and desktop and synchrotron radiation microCT (SRmicroCT) technologies to image vasculature at increasing levels of resolution, also referred to as hierarchical imaging. This novel approach allows nondestructive 3D visualization and quantification of large microvascular networks, while retaining a precise anatomical context for ROIs scanned at very high resolution. Scans of entire mouse brain VCCs were performed at 16-microm resolution with a desktop microCT system. Custom-made navigation software with a ROI selection tool enabled the identification of anatomical brain structures and precise placement of multiple ROIs. These were then scanned at 1.4-microm voxel size using SRmicroCT and a local tomography setup. A framework was developed for fast sample positioning, precise selection of ROIs, and sequential high-throughput scanning of a large numbers of brain VCCs. Despite the use of local tomography, exceptional image quality was achieved with SRmicroCT. This method enables qualitative and quantitative assessment of vasculature at unprecedented resolution and volume with relatively high throughput, opening new possibilities to study vessel architecture and vascular alterations in models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Heinzer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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McConville P, Moody JB, Moffat BA. High-throughput magnetic resonance imaging in mice for phenotyping and therapeutic evaluation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2005; 9:413-20. [PMID: 16002325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput mouse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is seeing rapidly increasing demand in development of therapeutics. Recent advances including higher-field systems, new gradient and radio frequency coils and new pulse sequences, coupled with efficient animal preparation and data handling, allow high-throughput MRI under certain protocols. However, with current shifts from anatomic to functional and molecular imaging, innovative technology is required to meet new throughput demands. The first multiple mouse imaging strategies have provided a glimpse of the future state-of-the-art. However, the successful translation of standard clinical MRI technology to preclinical MRI is required to facilitate next-generation high-throughput MRI.
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Dashti M, Geso M, Williams J. The effects of anaesthesia on cortical stimulation in rats: a functional MRI study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 28:21-5. [PMID: 15920986 DOI: 10.1007/bf03178860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the affects of equithesin and isoflurane on cortical activation in the rat using fMRI. Eight healthy male Sprauge-Dawley rats were anaesthetised separately with isoflurane and equithesin following a week in between. Functional EPI images were acquired in axial and sagittal orientations on a Bruker 47/30 Biospec system. Each experiment included repetitive air puffs over the right face region and was divided into 4 OFF (no stimulation) and 3 ON (repeated air puffs) periods. Changes in the BOLD-fMRI signal response were analysed using a box-car response function (SPM99) correlated against each voxel to determine regions of activation (p Corrected <0.0001, Z score>3.54). Neural activation was not detected when equithesin was used except in one rat compared to consistent activation with isoflurane in all 16 functional EPI scans. Equithesin appears to have effectively reduced brain activity in response to sensory stimuli. Isoflurane anaesthesia (1.6%) showed consistent, robust neural activations. It is therefore recommended that equithesin should be further investigated with other functional modalities or behavioural tests prior to consider it as an anaesthetic agent for future functional MRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dashti
- Division of Medical Radiations, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT-University, Bundoora, Australia.
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Pien HH, Fischman AJ, Thrall JH, Sorensen AG. Using imaging biomarkers to accelerate drug development and clinical trials. Drug Discov Today 2005; 10:259-66. [PMID: 15708744 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(04)03334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that human medical imaging can help answer key questions that arise during the drug development process. Imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and positron emission tomography can offer significant insights into the bioactivity, pharmacokinetics and dosing of drugs, in addition to supporting registration applications. In this review, examples from oncology, neurology, psychiatry, infectious diseases and inflammatory diseases are used to illustrate the role imaging can play. We conclude with some remarks concerning new developments that will be required to significantly advance the field of pharmaco-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homer H Pien
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Marzola P, Lanzoni A, Nicolato E, Di Modugno V, Cristofori P, Osculati F, Sbarbati A. 1H MRI of pneumococcal pneumonia in a murine model. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 22:170-4. [PMID: 15971184 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect and quantify pulmonary lesions due to pneumococcal pneumonia in a murine model by (1)H MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pneumonia was induced in mice (N = 5) by intranasal administration of about 1 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus pneumonie. A group of noninfected animals (N = 5) was used as a control group. MRI was performed, 48 hours after infection induction, at 4.7 T. ECG-gated gradient-echo (GRE) sequences with TE = 5 msec were used. After MRI examination, the animals were sacrificed for histological examination. RESULTS Lungs appeared at MRI as regions with signal intensity (SI) at the level of the noise. Lesions appeared as hyperintense regions over the background and were localized mainly in the apical part of the lungs, in the medial and peribronchial regions. The anatomical localization of the lesions was confirmed by histology. The total lesion volume quantified by MRI data correlated with the total lesion volume quantified by histology. CONCLUSION This work shows that standard (1)H MRI allows detection and quantification of lesions due to pneumococcal pneumonia in mice.
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Corpillo D, Cabella C, Geninatti Crich S, Barge A, Aime S. Detection and Quantification of Lanthanide Complexes in Cell Lysates by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 76:6012-6. [PMID: 15481948 DOI: 10.1021/ac049162u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium (III) complexes are under intense scrutiny as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Although currently used mainly as extracellular agents, there is a growing interest to exploit their contrast enhancing ability in the intracellular environment. To ascertain the preservation of their chemical integrity upon the intracellular entrapment, it is necessary to have a method for their dosage in the cell lysates. Herein, a mass spectrometric method for detection and quantification of gadolinium complexes in cell lysates is reported. The detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was carried out by using a non-acidic matrix (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone), which does not allow any leakage of gadolinium from the complex. Quantification has been possible by using as an internal standard an ytterbium complex with the same ligand of the analyte. Ytterbium was chosen because, among the lanthanides, it is the one with the isotopic distribution pattern the most similar to that of gadolinium. Sensitivity was enough to detect low micromolar quantities of a cationic complex and high micromolar quantities of a neutral complex in cell lysates of rat hepatoma cells. In the case of anionic complexes, sensitivity was too low for quantitative analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the quantification of metal complexes by MALDI-TOF-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corpillo
- Laboratorio Integrato Metodologie Avanzate, Bioindustry Park Canavese, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, Via Ribes 5, Italy.
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