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Guilbault S, Garrigue P, Garnier L, Pandard J, Lemaître F, Guille-Collignon M, Sojic N, Arbault S. Design of optoelectrodes for the remote imaging of cells and in situ electrochemical detection of neurosecretory events. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108262. [PMID: 36130462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical fibers have opened avenues for remote imaging, bioanalyses and recently optogenetics. Besides, miniaturized electrochemical sensors have offered new opportunities in sensing directly redox neurotransmitters. The combination of both optical and electrochemical approaches was usually performed on the platform of microscopes or within microsystems. In this work, we developed optoelectrodes which features merge the advantages of both optical fibers and microelectrodes. Optical fiber bundles were modified at one of their extremity by a transparent ITO deposit. The electrochemical responses of these ITO-modified bundles were characterized for the detection of dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. The analytical performances of the optoelectrodes were equivalent to the ones reported for carbon microelectrodes. The remote imaging of model neurosecretory PC12 cells by optoelectrodes was performed upon cell-staining with common fluorescent dyes: acridine orange and calcein-AM. An optoelectrode placed by micromanipulation at a few micrometers-distance from the cells offered remote images with single cell resolution. Finally, in situ electrochemical sensing was demonstrated by additions of K+-secretagogue solutions near PC12 cells under observation, leading to exocytotic events detected as amperometric spikes at the ITO surface. Such dual sensors should pave the way for in vivo remote imaging, optogenetic stimulation, and simultaneous detection of neurosecretory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Guilbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Léo Garnier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Justine Pandard
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France.
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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2
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Piro B, Mattana G, Reisberg S. Transistors for Chemical Monitoring of Living Cells. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E65. [PMID: 29973542 PMCID: PMC6164306 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We review here the chemical sensors for pH, glucose, lactate, and neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine or glutamate, made of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), including organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and electrolyte-gated OFETs (EGOFETs), for the monitoring of cell activity. First, the various chemicals that are produced by living cells and are susceptible to be sensed in-situ in a cell culture medium are reviewed. Then, we discuss the various materials used to make the substrate onto which cells can be grown, as well as the materials used for making the transistors. The main part of this review discusses the up-to-date transistor architectures that have been described for cell monitoring to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Piro
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France.
| | - Giorgio Mattana
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France.
| | - Steeve Reisberg
- University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France.
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3
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Feng Z, Wu BH, Zhao YX, Gao J, Qiao LF, Yang AL, Lin XF, Jin XM. Invisibility Cloak Printed on a Photonic Chip. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28527. [PMID: 27329510 PMCID: PMC4916488 DOI: 10.1038/srep28527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invisibility cloak capable of hiding an object can be achieved by properly manipulating electromagnetic field. Such a remarkable ability has been shown in transformation and ray optics. Alternatively, it may be realistic to create a spatial cloak by means of confining electromagnetic field in three-dimensional arrayed waveguides and introducing appropriate collective curvature surrounding an object. We realize the artificial structure in borosilicate by femtosecond laser direct writing, where we prototype up to 5,000 waveguides to conceal millimeter-scale volume. We characterize the performance of the cloak by normalized cross correlation, tomography analysis and continuous three-dimensional viewing angle scan. Our results show invisibility cloak can be achieved in waveguide optics. Furthermore, directly printed invisibility cloak on a photonic chip may enable controllable study and novel applications in classical and quantum integrated photonics, such as invisualising a coupling or swapping operation with on-chip circuits of their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences &Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences &Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Xi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences &Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences &Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lu-Feng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences &Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ai-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences &Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences &Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences &Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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4
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Li H, Garrigue P, Bouffier L, Arbault S, Kuhn A, Sojic N. Double remote electrochemical addressing and optical readout of electrochemiluminescence at the tip of an optical fiber. Analyst 2016; 141:4299-304. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A double remote strategy based on wireless addressing and remote readout of electrochemiluminescence at the tip of an optical fiber is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- University of Bordeaux
- ISM
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Pessac
- France
| | | | | | | | | | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux
- ISM
- CNRS UMR 5255
- Pessac
- France
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5
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Martinelli E, Magna G, Polese D, Vergara A, Schild D, Di Natale C. Stable odor recognition by a neuro-adaptive electronic nose. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10960. [PMID: 26043043 PMCID: PMC4455291 DOI: 10.1038/srep10960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity, selectivity and stability are decisive properties of sensors. In chemical gas sensors odor recognition can be severely compromised by poor signal stability, particularly in real life applications where the sensors are exposed to unpredictable sequences of odors under changing external conditions. Although olfactory receptor neurons in the nose face similar stimulus sequences under likewise changing conditions, odor recognition is very stable and odorants can be reliably identified independently from past odor perception. We postulate that appropriate pre-processing of the output signals of chemical sensors substantially contributes to the stability of odor recognition, in spite of marked sensor instabilities. To investigate this hypothesis, we use an adaptive, unsupervised neural network inspired by the glomerular input circuitry of the olfactory bulb. Essentially the model reduces the effect of the sensors’ instabilities by utilizing them via an adaptive multicompartment feed-forward inhibition. We collected and analyzed responses of a 4 × 4 gas sensor array to a number of volatile compounds applied over a period of 18 months, whereby every sensor was sampled episodically. The network conferred excellent stability to the compounds’ identification and was clearly superior over standard classifiers, even when one of the sensors exhibited random fluctuations or stopped working at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magna
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Davide Polese
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alexander Vergara
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0402, USA
| | - Detlev Schild
- 1] Inst. of Neurophysiology and Cellular Biophysics, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37077 Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Excellence Cluster 171 and Bernstein Forum of Neurotechnology, Univ. Göttingen
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
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6
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Stoica G, Castelló Serrano I, Figuerola A, Ugarte I, Pacios R, Palomares E. Layered double hydroxides as carriers for quantum dots@silica nanospheres. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5409-5419. [PMID: 22825338 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31550e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot-hydrotalcite layered nanoplatforms were successfully prepared following a one-pot synthesis. The process is very fast and a priori delamination of hydrotalcite is not a prerequisite for the intercalation of quantum dots. The novel materials were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, true color fluorescence microscopy, photoluminescence, and nitrogen adsorption. The quantum dot-hydrotalcite nanomaterials display extremely high stability in mimicking physiological media such as saline serum (pH 5.5) and PBS (pH 7.2). Yet, quantum dot release from the solid structure is noted. In order to prevent the leaking of quantum dots we have developed a novel strategy which consists of using tailor made double layered hydrotalcites as protecting shells for quantum dots embedded into silica nanospheres without changing either the materials or the optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Stoica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia-ICIQ, Avinguda del Paisos Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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7
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Serrano IC, Ma Q, Palomares E. QD-“Onion”-Multicode silica nanospheres with remarkable stability as pH sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Witkowska E, Buczkowska A, Zamojska A, Szewczyk KW, Ciosek P. Monitoring of periodic anaerobic digestion with flow-through array of miniaturized ion-selective electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 80:87-93. [PMID: 20851060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years Electronic tongues (ETs) based on various sensor arrays were applied to the monitoring of various fermentation processes, as devices capable of fast, inexpensive, automated and on-line control. In this work a novel application of ET is proposed--flow-through array of miniaturized ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) was used for the analysis of samples obtained during anaerobic digestion (methane fermentation) performed in periodic conditions. The samples were classified according to their Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) content. Moreover, for this application a novel design of ISEs was developed, which is fully compatible with flow-through modules for sensor measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Witkowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Martínez-Otero A, Busqué F, Hernando J, Ruiz-Molina D. Structuration of pH-responsive fluorescent molecules on surfaces by soft lithographic techniques. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:1781-1788. [PMID: 20820710 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00169d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two different soft lithographic techniques (LCW and microCP) have been successfully used for the structuration of fluorescent pH-responsive molecules on surface. The molecules of choice, fluorescein (1) and a new catechol derivative (2), exhibit several protonation states with distinct emission properties over a large acid-base range. This allowed us to fabricate fluorescent arrays that respond over a large pH-window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martínez-Otero
- Centro de Investigación en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CIN2, CSIC-ICN), Esfera UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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10
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Di Natale C, Santonico M, Paolesse R, Filippini D, D’Amico A, Lundström I. Evaluation of the performance of sensors based on optical imaging of a chemically sensitive layer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:613-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Martínez-Otero A, Hernando J, Ruiz-Molina D, Maspoch D. pH-responsive fluorescent nanoarrays fabricated by direct-write parallel dip-pen nanolithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:2131-2135. [PMID: 19003822 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA
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13
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sassolas
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, UMR5246, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifque, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69622, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69622, France, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, École d'Ingénieurs, Villeurbanne F-69621, France, and École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon,
| | - Béatrice D. Leca-Bouvier
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, UMR5246, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifque, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69622, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69622, France, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, École d'Ingénieurs, Villeurbanne F-69621, France, and École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon,
| | - Loïc J. Blum
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, UMR5246, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifque, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69622, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69622, France, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, École d'Ingénieurs, Villeurbanne F-69621, France, and École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon,
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15
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Abstract
Cancer nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary area of research in science, engineering, and medicine with broad applications for molecular imaging, molecular diagnosis, and targeted therapy. The basic rationale is that nanometer-sized particles, such as semiconductor quantum dots and iron oxide nanocrystals, have optical, magnetic, or structural properties that are not available from molecules or bulk solids. When linked with tumor targeting ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides, or small molecules, these nanoparticles can be used to target tumor antigens (biomarkers) as well as tumor vasculatures with high affinity and specificity. In the mesoscopic size range of 5-100 nm diameter, nanoparticles also have large surface areas and functional groups for conjugating to multiple diagnostic (e.g., optical, radioisotopic, or magnetic) and therapeutic (e.g., anticancer) agents. Recent advances have led to bioaffinity nanoparticle probes for molecular and cellular imaging, targeted nanoparticle drugs for cancer therapy, and integrated nanodevices for early cancer detection and screening. These developments raise exciting opportunities for personalized oncology in which genetic and protein biomarkers are used to diagnose and treat cancer based on the molecular profiles of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Nie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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16
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17
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Abstract
Electronic tongue systems are multisensor devices dedicated to automatic analysis of complicated composition samples and to the recognition of their characteristic properties. Recently, the number of publications covering this topic has significantly increased. Many possible architectures of such devices were proposed: potentiometric, voltammetric, as well as approaches embracing mass- and optical-sensors. For the analysis of sensor array data, various pattern recognition systems were proposed. All of these topics are summarized in this review. Moreover, additional problems are considered: miniaturization of electronic tongues and hybrid systems for liquid sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Ciosek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Wilson R, Cossins AR, Spiller DG. Encoded microcarriers for high-throughput multiplexed detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:6104-17. [PMID: 16941506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the decoding of the human genome, the quest to obtain more and more molecular information from smaller and smaller samples is intensifying. Today the burden of this challenge is being borne by planar arrays, but the quality of the data provided by this approach is limited by variations in performance between different arrays. Suspension arrays of encoded microspheres provide higher quality data, but the amount of molecular information that can be acquired with them is limited by the number of codes that can be distinguished in the same sample. New methods of preparing encoded particles promise to alleviate this problem, but in the face of a growing number of new technologies it is sometimes difficult to decide which, if any, will succeed. Herein we appraise these new forms of encoded particle critically, and ask if they can deliver the necessary multiplexing power and whether they will perform well in multiplexed assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Liverpool University, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
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20
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Nolan EM, Lippard SJ. Turn-on and ratiometric mercury sensing in water with a red-emitting probe. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5910-8. [PMID: 17429971 PMCID: PMC2505192 DOI: 10.1021/ja068879r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysical properties, and Hg(II) binding of a red-emitting sensor for mercuric ion are presented. 2-[11-[(2-[[Bis-(2-ethylsulfanylethyl)amino]methyl]phenylamino)methyl]-3-hydroxy-10-oxo-10H-benzo[c]xanthen-7-yl]benzoic acid (MS5) is based on the seminaphthofluorescein chromophore and employs a thioether-rich metal-binding unit. This sensor affords both turn-on and single-excitation dual-emission ratiometric Hg(II) detection in aqueous solution. The fluorescence response of MS5 is Hg(II)-specific, and the probe is selective for Hg(II) over alkali and alkaline earth metals, most divalent first-row transition metal ions, and the Group 12 congeners Zn(II) and Cd(II). MS5 binds Hg(II) reversibly and can be recycled. The EC50 for 1 microM MS5 is 910 nM, and a lower detection limit of 50 nM is obtained when employing 500 nM probe. X-ray crystallographic studies using a salicylaldehyde-based model of MS5 are also presented. 2-[(2-[[Bis-(2-ethylsulfanylethyl)amine]methyl]phenylamine)methyl]phenol coordinates Hg(II) with two thioether sulfur atoms, two amino nitrogen atoms, and a phenol oxygen atom arranged in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Studies of natural water samples spiked with mercuric salts indicate that MS5 can rapidly detect Hg(II) in such complex solutions and demonstrate its potential utility in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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21
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Dromard T, Ravaine V, Ravaine S, Lévêque JL, Sojic N. Remote in vivo imaging of human skin corneocytes by means of an optical fiber bundle. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:053709. [PMID: 17552827 DOI: 10.1063/1.2736346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human corneocytes forming the outermost layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum) were imaged in vivo by epifluorescence through a coherent optical fiber bundle. A very simple and rapid method to remotely visualize the cells forming this protective layer of the skin is presented. After the topical application of fluorescein, the distal face of an optical fiber bundle is gently applied perpendicularly onto the labeled skin (contact mode). Remote fluorescence images of the corneocytes are acquired in 50 ms through the bundle comprising 30 000 individually cladded 3.5 microm diameter optical fibers. The very short focal distance which is an intrinsic characteristic of such bundles, allows visualizing only the most superficial monolayer of cells in contact with the external environment. An image displays about 400-500 cells directly on the human body. The size and the arrangement of the corneocytes can thus be acquired and analyzed in a very simple and easy way. The method is flexible and can be used for any location on the human body. Using a gradient-index lens objective (magnification 2.8x) fused to the distal face of the bundle allows the shape of the corneocytes to be better resolved. In addition, the working distance is 300 microm and hence this second approach works in a noncontact imaging mode. Both approaches are complementary and allow providing instantaneously either a global view of the cells with a possible statistical determination of their area or morphological information, which are essential for dermatology and cosmetic sciences. Finally, to improve the quality and the contrast of the recorded images, we tested silica nanoparticles containing fluorescein. In brief, this diagnostic method is nontoxic, painless, easy to use, noninvasive, and nondestructive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Dromard
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Université Bordeaux 1, ENSCPB, UMR CNRS 5255, Groupe NanoSystèmes Analytiques, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607 Pessac, France
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22
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Pohn B, Gerlach J, Scheideler M, Katz H, Uray M, Bischof H, Klimant I, Schwab H. Micro-colony array based high throughput platform for enzyme library screening. J Biotechnol 2007; 129:162-70. [PMID: 17174002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are becoming increasingly important tools for synthesizing and modifying fine and bulk chemicals. The availability of biocatalysts which fulfil the requirements of industrial processes is often limited. Recruiting suited enzymes from natural (e.g. metagenomes) and artificial (e.g. directed evolution) biodiversity is based on screening libraries of microbial clones expressing enzyme variants. However, exploring the complex diversity of such libraries needs efficient screening methods. Overcoming the "screening bottleneck" requires rapid high throughput technology allowing the analysis of a large diversity of different enzymes and applying different screening conditions. Facing these facts an efficient and cost effective method for high throughput screening of large enzyme libraries at the colony level was developed. Therefore, ordered high density micro-colony arrays were combined with optical sensor technology and automated image analysis. The system generally allows the simultaneous monitoring of enzyme activities reflected by up to 7000 micro-colonies spotted on a filter in the size of a micro-titer plate. A developed replica option also allows the analysis of clones under varying external conditions. The method was verified by a model screening using esterases and was proved to provide reliable enzyme activity measurements within single micro-colonies allowing the discrimination of activity differences in the range of 10-20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Pohn
- Applied Biocatalysis Research Centre, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Ahn S, Kulis DM, Erdner DL, Anderson DM, Walt DR. Fiber-optic microarray for simultaneous detection of multiple harmful algal bloom species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:5742-9. [PMID: 16957189 PMCID: PMC1563625 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00332-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious threat to coastal resources, causing a variety of impacts on public health, regional economies, and ecosystems. Plankton analysis is a valuable component of many HAB monitoring and research programs, but the diversity of plankton poses a problem in discriminating toxic from nontoxic species using conventional detection methods. Here we describe a sensitive and specific sandwich hybridization assay that combines fiber-optic microarrays with oligonucleotide probes to detect and enumerate the HAB species Alexandrium fundyense, Alexandrium ostenfeldii, and Pseudo-nitzschia australis. Microarrays were prepared by loading oligonucleotide probe-coupled microspheres (diameter, 3 mum) onto the distal ends of chemically etched imaging fiber bundles. Hybridization of target rRNA from HAB cells to immobilized probes on the microspheres was visualized using Cy3-labeled secondary probes in a sandwich-type assay format. We applied these microarrays to the detection and enumeration of HAB cells in both cultured and field samples. Our study demonstrated a detection limit of approximately 5 cells for all three target organisms within 45 min, without a separate amplification step, in both sample types. We also developed a multiplexed microarray to detect the three HAB species simultaneously, which successfully detected the target organisms, alone and in combination, without cross-reactivity. Our study suggests that fiber-optic microarrays can be used for rapid and sensitive detection and potential enumeration of HAB species in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyoun Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Abstract
Optical fiber arrays provide a powerful substrate for creating high-density sensing systems that can address a variety of biological problems. The fiber substrate can be used to create femtoliter wells that can be loaded with individual beads to create high-density arrays for multiplexed screening and analysis. In addition, living cells can be loaded into the arrays, and their individual responses monitored over long time periods, enabling functional screening of biologically active compounds. Adherent cells can be attached to the fiber substrate to provide a rapid method for observing cell migration and for screening anti-migratory compounds. Finally, individual enzyme molecules can be loaded into the array wells enabling single molecule detection via enzyme-catalyzed signal amplification.
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Wilson R, Cossins AR, Spiller DG. Codierte Mikropartikel für Hochdurchsatz-Mehrfachanalysen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tao Z, Tehan EC, Bukowski RM, Tang Y, Shughart EL, Holthoff WG, Cartwright AN, Titus AH, Bright FV. Templated xerogels as platforms for biomolecule-less biomolecule sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 564:59-65. [PMID: 17723362 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on a new sensor strategy that we have termed protein imprinted xerogels with integrated emission sites (PIXIES). The PIXIES platform is completely self-contained, and it achieves analyte recognition without a biorecognition element (e.g., antibody). The PIXIES relies upon sol-gel-derived xerogels, molecular imprinting, and the selective installation of a luminescent reporter molecule directly within the molecularly imprint site. In operation the templated xerogel selectively recognizes the target analyte, the analyte binds to the template site, and binding causes a change in the physicochemical properties within the template site that are sensed and reported by the luminescent probe molecule. We report the PIXIES analytical figures of merit for and compare these results to a standard ELISA. For human interleukin-1 the PIXIES-based sensor elements exhibited the following analytical figures of merit: (i) approximately 2 pg/mL detection limits; (ii) <2 min response times; (iii) >85 selectivity; (iv) <6% R.S.D. long term drift over 16 weeks of ambient storage; (v) >95% reversibility after more than 25 cycles; and (vi) >85% recoveries on spiked samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyu Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA
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Beads Arraying and Beads Used in DNA Chips. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/b107356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Balshaw DM, Philbert M, Suk WA. Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, Part III: nanoscale technologies for assessing risk and improving public health. Toxicol Sci 2005; 88:298-306. [PMID: 16162851 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment in the environmental health sciences focuses on understanding the nature of environmental exposures and the potential harm posed by those exposures which in turn is determined by the perturbation of biological pathways and the individual's susceptibility to damage. While there are extensive research efforts ongoing in these areas, progress in each is currently slowed by technological limitations including comprehensive assessment of multiple exposures in real time and dynamic assessment of biological response with high temporal and quantitative resolution. This Forum article discusses recent technological innovations capitalizing on the emergent properties of nanoscale materials and their potential adaptation to improving individual exposure assessment, determination of biological response, and environmental remediation. The ultimate goal is to raise the environmental health science community's awareness of these possibilities and encourage the development of improved strategies for assessing risk and improving public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Balshaw
- Center for Risk and Integrated Sciences, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Chin VI, Taupin P, Sanga S, Scheel J, Gage FH, Bhatia SN. Microfabricated platform for studying stem cell fates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 88:399-415. [PMID: 15486946 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platforms that allow parallel, quantitative analysis of single cells will be integral to realizing the potential of postgenomic biology. In stem cell biology, the study of clonal stem cells in multiwell formats is currently both inefficient and time-consuming. Thus, to investigate low-frequency events of interest, large sample sizes must be interrogated. We report a simple, versatile, and efficient micropatterned arraying system conducive to the culture and dynamic monitoring of stem cell proliferation. This platform enables: 1) parallel, automated, long-term ( approximately days to weeks), live-cell microscopy of single cells in culture; 2) tracking of individual cell fates over time (proliferation, apoptosis); and 3) correlation of differentiated progeny with founder clones. To achieve these goals, we used microfabrication techniques to create an array of approximately 10,000 microwells on a glass coverslip. The dimensions of the wells are tunable, ranging from 20 to >500 microm in diameter and 10-500 microm in height. The microarray can be coated with adhesive proteins and is integrated into a culture chamber that permits rapid (approximately min), addressable monitoring of each well using a standard programmable microscope stage. All cells share the same media (including paracrine survival signals), as opposed to cells in multiwell formats. The incorporation of a coverslip as a substrate also renders the platform compatible with conventional, high-magnification light and fluorescent microscopy. We validated this approach by analyzing the proliferation dynamics of a heterogeneous adult rat neural stem cell population. Using this platform, one can further interrogate the response of distinct stem cell subpopulations to microenvironmental cues (mitogens, cell-cell interactions, and cell-extracellular matrix interactions) that govern their behavior. In the future, the platform may also be adapted for the study of other cell types by tailoring the surface coatings, microwell dimensions, and culture environment, thereby enabling parallel investigation of many distinct cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki I Chin
- Department of Bioengineering, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA
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