1
|
Wang FL, Chang X, Shi Y, Yang T, Li J, Dong H, Wang Q, Zhang S, Liu J. β-Ionone enhances the inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil on the proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells by the GSK-3β signaling pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309014. [PMID: 39241034 PMCID: PMC11379261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of gastric cancer, and the emergence of drug resistance and toxic effects has limited its application. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and effective novel drugs or new therapies. β-Ionone (BI) is found in vegetables and fruits and possesses an inhibitory proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether BI could enhance the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on the proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells and the growth of gastric cancer cell xenografts in a mouse model. The effects of BI and 5-FU alone or their combination on the cell viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential, the cell cycle, and its related proteins-Cyclin D1, and CDK4 as well as PCNA and GSK-3β were evaluated in SGC-7901 cells and MKN45 cells by MTT, MB, flow cytometry and Western blot. In addition, the effects of BI and 5-FU alone or their combination on the growth of SGC-7901 cell xenografts in nude mice were investigated. The results showed that BI significantly enhanced the sensitivity of gastric adenocarcinoma cells to 5-FU in vitro and in vivo, i.e. proliferation inhibited, apoptosis induced and GSK-3β protein activated. Therefore, our results suggest that BI increases the antitumor effect of 5-FU on gastric adenocarcinoma cells, at least partly from an activated GSK-3β signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an No. 9 Hospital, Beilin District, Xi'an City, China
| | - Yuanyang Shi
- Department of Laboratory, Shaoyang Central Hospital, Daxiang District, Shaoyang City, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Hongwei Dong
- Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaren Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ling X, Alexander GS, Molitoris J, Choi J, Schumaker L, Tran P, Mehra R, Gaykalova D, Ren L. Radiomic biomarkers of locoregional recurrence: prognostic insights from oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma preoperative CT scans. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1380599. [PMID: 38715772 PMCID: PMC11074368 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1380599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to identify CT-based imaging biomarkers for locoregional recurrence (LR) in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Methods Computed tomography scans were collected from 78 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment at a single medical center. We extracted 1,092 radiomic features from gross tumor volume in each patient's pre-treatment CT. Clinical characteristics were also obtained, including race, sex, age, tobacco and alcohol use, tumor staging, and treatment modality. A feature selection algorithm was used to eliminate the most redundant features, followed by a selection of the best subset of the Logistic regression model (LRM). The best LRM model was determined based on the best prediction accuracy in terms of the area under Receiver operating characteristic curve. Finally, significant radiomic features in the final LRM model were identified as imaging biomarkers. Results and discussion Two radiomics biomarkers, Large Dependence Emphasis (LDE) of the Gray Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) and Long Run Emphasis (LRE) of the Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) of the 3D Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG σ=3), have demonstrated the capability to preoperatively distinguish patients with and without LR, exhibiting exceptional testing specificity (1.00) and sensitivity (0.82). The group with LRE > 2.99 showed a 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of 0.81, in contrast to 0.49 for the group with LRE ≤ 2.99. Similarly, the group with LDE > 120 showed a rate of 0.82, compared to 0.49 for the group with LDE ≤ 120. These biomarkers broaden our understanding of using radiomics to predict OSCC progression, enabling personalized treatment plans to enhance patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gregory S. Alexander
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Molitoris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jinhyuk Choi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lisa Schumaker
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daria Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carneiro BA, Cavalcante L, Mahalingam D, Saeed A, Safran H, Ma WW, Coveler AL, Powell S, Bastos B, Davis E, Sahai V, Mikrut W, Longstreth J, Smith S, Weisskittel T, Li H, Borden BA, Harvey RD, Sahebjam S, Cervantes A, Koukol A, Mazar AP, Steeghs N, Kurzrock R, Giles FJ, Munster P. Phase I Study of Elraglusib (9-ING-41), a Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitor, as Monotherapy or Combined with Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:522-531. [PMID: 37982822 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of elraglusib, a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) small-molecule inhibitor, as monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy, in patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors or hematologic malignancies was studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS Elraglusib (intravenously twice weekly in 3-week cycles) monotherapy dose escalation was followed by dose escalation with eight chemotherapy regimens (gemcitabine, doxorubicin, lomustine, carboplatin, irinotecan, gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, paclitaxel/carboplatin, and pemetrexed/carboplatin) in patients previously exposed to the same chemotherapy. RESULTS Patients received monotherapy (n = 67) or combination therapy (n = 171) elraglusib doses 1 to 15 mg/kg twice weekly. The initial recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of elraglusib was 15 mg/kg twice weekly and was defined, without dose-limiting toxicity observation, due to fluid volumes necessary for drug administration. The RP2D was subsequently reduced to 9.3 mg/kg once weekly to reduce elraglusib-associated central/peripheral vascular access catheter blockages. Other common elraglusib-related adverse events (AE) included transient visual changes and fatigue. Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent AEs occurred in 55.2% and 71.3% of patients on monotherapy and combination therapy, respectively. Part 1 monotherapy (n = 62) and part 2 combination (n = 138) patients were evaluable for response. In part 1, a patient with melanoma had a complete response, and a patient with acute T-cell leukemia/lymphoma had a partial response (PR). In part 2, seven PRs were observed, and the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2-2.6] and 6.9 (95% CI, 5.7-8.4) months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Elraglusib had a favorable toxicity profile as monotherapy and combined with chemotherapy and was associated with clinical benefit supporting further clinical evaluation in combination with chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedito A Carneiro
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | - Anwaar Saeed
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Howard Safran
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | - Steven Powell
- Sanford Health, University of South Dakota Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Bruno Bastos
- Miami Cancer Institute at Baptist Health, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hu Li
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brittany A Borden
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | - Andrés Cervantes
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pamela Munster
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren L, Ling X, Alexander G, Molitoris J, Choi J, Schumaker L, Mehra R, Gaykalova D. Radiomic Biomarkers of Locoregional Recurrence: Prognostic Insights from Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma preoperative CT scans. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3857391. [PMID: 38343846 PMCID: PMC10854303 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3857391/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify CT-based imaging biomarkers for locoregional recurrence (LR) in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Our study involved a retrospective review of 78 patients with OSCC who underwent surgical treatment at a single medical center. An approach involving feature selection and statistical model diagnostics was utilized to identify biomarkers. Two radiomics biomarkers, Large Dependence Emphasis (LDE) of the Gray Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) and Long Run Emphasis (LRE) of the Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) of the 3D Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG σ = 3), have demonstrated the capability to preoperatively distinguish patients with and without LR, exhibiting exceptional testing specificity (1.00) and sensitivity (0.82). The group with LRE > 2.99 showed a 3-year recurrence-free survival rate of 0.81, in contrast to 0.49 for the group with LRE ≤ 2.99. Similarly, the group with LDE > 120 showed a rate of 0.82, compared to 0.49 for the group with LDE ≤ 120. These biomarkers broaden our understanding of using radiomics to predict OSCC progression, enabling personalized treatment plans to enhance patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Xiao Ling
- University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Gaykalova
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University; Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center; Institute for Genome Sciences, U
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Menaka TR, Ravikumar SS, Dhivya K, Thilagavathi N, Dinakaran J, Kalaichelvan V. Immunohistochemical expression and evaluation of cyclin D1 and minichromosome maintenance 2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:44-51. [PMID: 35571317 PMCID: PMC9106226 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_446_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study of cell proliferation is important for assessing the tumor behavior, prognosis and patient survival of oral carcinomas. As literature search did not reveal sufficient studies of immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and verrucous carcinoma (VC), the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods The study group included 20 cases of histopathologically diagnosed OSCC, 10 cases of VC and 10 cases of normal mucosa (NM). All samples were evaluated for the expression of cyclin D1 and MCM2 using standard Immunohistochemistry (IHC) procedure.The present study involved both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Qualitative analysis was done by evaluation of intensity and area of staining. Quantitative analysis was done by calculating the percentage of positively stained cells and assessing the labeling index (LI). Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS statistical package (version 23.0). Results On evaluating and comparing the intensity of staining and area of staining of cyclin D1 and MCM2 between the study groups, statistically significant values (P < 0.05) were obtained using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. Comparison of LI of cyclin D1 and MCM2 in NM, OSCC and VC statistically significant results (P < 0.05) was obtained using Mann-Whitney U-test. Mean LI of MCM2 was found to be significantly higher than mean LI of cyclin D1 in all the study groups. Conclusion From the present study, we conclude that MCM2 has the potential to serve as a novel cell proliferation biomarker in OSCC and VC when compared to cyclin D1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T R Menaka
- Consultant Oral Pathologist and Private Dental Practitioner, R.J.Dental Clinic, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Shamala Ravikumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Dhivya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Thilagavathi
- Oral Medicine, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Dinakaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinoth Kalaichelvan
- Consultant Oral Pathologist and Private Dental Practitioner, R.J.Dental Clinic, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He R, Du S, Lei T, Xie X, Wang Y. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2373-2385. [PMID: 33125126 PMCID: PMC7610307 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK 3β), a multifunctional serine and threonine kinase, plays a critical role in a variety of cellular activities, including signaling transduction, protein and glycogen metabolism, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Therefore, aberrant regulation of GSK 3β results in a broad range of human diseases, such as tumors, diabetes, inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested that GSK 3β is correlated with tumorigenesis and progression. However, GSK 3β is controversial due to its bifacial roles of tumor suppression and activation. In addition, overexpression of GSK 3β is involved in tumor growth, whereas it contributes to the cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of GSK 3β in tumorigenesis remain obscure and require further in‑depth investigation. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the roles of GSK 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy, and focus on its potentials as an available target in oncotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Union, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Suya Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing 400013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Positive Feedback Loop of SNAIL-IL-6 Mediates Myofibroblastic Differentiation Activity in Precancerous Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061611. [PMID: 32570756 PMCID: PMC7352888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a premalignant disorder of the oral cavity, and areca nut chewing is known to be a major etiological factor that could induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activate buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). However, this detailed mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we showed that the upregulation of Snail in OSF samples and fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs) may result from constant irritation by arecoline, a major alkaloid of the areca nut. The elevation of Snail triggered myofibroblast transdifferentiation and was crucial to the persistent activation of fBMFs. Meanwhile, Snail increased the expression of numerous fibrosis factors (e.g., α-SMA and collagen I) as well as IL-6. Results from bioinformatics software and a luciferase-based reporter assay revealed that IL-6 was a direct target of Snail. Moreover, IL-6 in BMFs was found to further increase the expression of Snail and mediate Snail-induced myofibroblast activation. These findings suggested that there was a positive loop between Snail and IL-6 to regulate the areca nut-associated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, which implied that the blockage of Snail may serve as a favorable therapeutic strategy for OSF treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Moradi Binabaj M, Bahrami A, Khazaei M, Ryzhikov M, Ferns GA, Avan A, Mahdi Hassanian S. The prognostic value of cyclin D1 expression in the survival of cancer patients: A meta-analysis. Gene 2019; 728:144283. [PMID: 31838249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the expression of cyclin D1 and cancer prognosis and outcomes in different malignancies has not been fully elucidated. AIMS In the presented meta-analysis, we assessed the association between the expression level of cyclin D1 with overall survival (OS) in several cancers. METHODS Eligible studies were identified using PubMed, EMBase, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library databases. For the prognostic meta-analysis, study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) of tissue cyclin D1 for survival were obtained. Finally we pooled data derived from one hundred and eight studies comprising 19,224 patients with 10 different cancer types. RESULTS In the pooled analysis, high expression of cyclin D1 was significantly related to a poor OS with a pooled HR of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02-1.20, P = 0.015; random-effects). Sub-group analysis revealed that high expression of cyclin D1 was related to worse OS of head and neck cancers (HR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.75-2.47; P < 0.001), but not in breast (HR = 1.033, 95% CI: 0.873-1.223, P = 0.702), gastrointestinal (HR = 1.025, 95% CI:0.824-1.275; P = 0.825), bladder (HR = 0.937, CI: 0.844-1.041; P = 0.225) and in lung cancer patients (HR = 1.092, CI: 0.819-1.455; P = 0.549). CONCLUSION Further large, prospective, and well-designed trials are warranted to elucidate the precise clinical importance of cyclin D1 overexpression in the prognosis of cancer patients receiving different treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, González-Ruiz L, Ayén Á, Ruiz-Ávila I, Bravo M, Gil-Montoya JA. Clinicopathological significance of tumor cyclin D1 expression in oral cancer. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:177-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Ramos-García P, González-Moles MÁ, Ayén Á, González-Ruiz L, Ruiz-Ávila I, Lenouvel D, Gil-Montoya JA, Bravo M. Asymmetrical proliferative pattern loss linked to cyclin D1 overexpression in adjacent non-tumour epithelium in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 97:12-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
11
|
Hussein AA, Forouzanfar T, Bloemena E, de Visscher J, Brakenhoff RH, Leemans CR, Helder MN. A review of the most promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:724-736. [PMID: 30131545 PMCID: PMC6173763 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great interest in developing biomarkers to enhance early detection and clinical management of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). However, the developmental path towards a clinically valid biomarker remains extremely challenging. Ideally, the initial key step in moving a newly discovered biomarker towards clinical implementation is independent replication. Therefore, the focus of this review is on biomarkers that consistently showed clinical relevance in two or more publications. METHODS We searched PubMed database for relevant papers across different TSCC sample sources, i.e., body fluids (saliva, serum/plasma) and tissues. No restriction regarding the date of publication was applied except for immunohistochemistry (IHC); only studies published between 2010 and June 2017 were included. RESULTS The search strategy identified 1429 abstracts, of which 96 papers, examining 150 biomarkers, were eventually included. Of these papers, 66% were exploratory studies evaluating single or a panel of biomarkers in one publication. Ultimately, based on studies that had undergone validation for their clinical relevance in at least two independent studies, we identified 10 promising candidates, consisting of different types of molecules (IL-6, IL-8, and Prolactin in liquid samples; HIF-1α, SOX2, E-cadherin, vimentin, MALAT1, TP53, and NOTCH1 in tissue biopsies) CONCLUSIONS: Although more exploratory research is needed with newer methods to identify biomarkers for TSCC, rigorous validation of biomarkers that have already shown unbiased assessment in at least two publications should be considered a high priority. Further research on these promising biomarkers or their combination in multi-institutional studies, could provide new possibilities to develop a specific panel for early diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A Hussein
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jgam de Visscher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco N Helder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of cyclin D1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2018; 83:96-106. [PMID: 30098785 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 (CD1) overexpression in OSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched studies published before August 2017 (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus). We evaluated the quality of the studies included (Quality in Prognosis Studies [QUIPS] tool). The impact of CD1 overexpression on overall survival and disease-free survival, T status, N status, stage, and histological degree was meta-analyzed. We analyzed heterogeneity among studies, conducted sensitivity analyses, analyzed small-study effects, and conducted subgroup analyses. RESULTS 31 studies (2942 patients) met inclusion criteria. Qualitative evaluation demonstrated that not all studies were performed with the same rigor, finding the greatest risk of bias in the study confounding domain. Quantitative evaluation showed that CD1 overexpression had a strong statistical association with worse overall survival (HR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.59-2.51, p < 0.001), worse disease-free survival (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.13-1.87, p = 0.003), higher T status (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07-2.13, p = 0.02), N+ status (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.60-2.92, p < 0.001), advanced stage (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.15-1.81, p = 0.002), and high histological grade (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.12-2.29, p = 0.010). We observed heterogeneity in all parameters except for disease-free survival and clinical stage. We found effect of small studies on T and N status. The tonguel SCC subgroup showed the strongest association between CD1 overexpression and worse development. In addition, application of a cutoff point ≥10% tumor cells with nuclear CD1 expression maintained most of the significant associations reported. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that immunohistochemical assessment of CD1 overexpression may be useful as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC.
Collapse
|
13
|
Patel SB, Manjunatha BS, Shah V, Soni N, Sutariya R. Immunohistochemical evaluation of p63 and cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [PMID: 29142867 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.324.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There are only a limited number of studies on cyclin D1 and p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia. This study compared cyclin D1 and p63 expression in leukoplakia and OSCC to investigate the possible correlation of both markers with grade of dysplasia and histological grade of OSCC. Materials and Methods The study included a total of 60 cases, of which 30 were diagnosed with OSCC and 30 with leukoplakia, that were evaluated immunohistochemically for p63 and cyclin D1 expression. Protein expression was correlated based on grades of dysplasia and OSCC. Results Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 23 cases (76.7%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 cases (100%) were p63 positive. Out of 30 cases of leukoplakia, 21 cases (70.0%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 (100%) were p63 positive (P<0.05). Conclusion The overall expression of cyclin D1 and p63 correlated with tumor differentiation, and increases were correlated with poor histological grades, from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated SCC. Increased cyclin D1 and p63 expression was associated with the severity of leukoplakia. Based on these results cyclin D1 and p63 products can be a useful tool for improved leukoplakia prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunit B Patel
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ahmedabad Dental College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bhari S Manjunatha
- Department of Oral Biology, Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Huwaiyah, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vandana Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology, K.M.Shah Dental College, Vadodara, India
| | - Nishit Soni
- Department of Oral Pathology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rakesh Sutariya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vaidik Dental College, Daman, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Patel SB, Manjunatha BS, Shah V, Soni N, Sutariya R. Immunohistochemical evaluation of p63 and cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 43:324-330. [PMID: 29142867 PMCID: PMC5685862 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There are only a limited number of studies on cyclin D1 and p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia. This study compared cyclin D1 and p63 expression in leukoplakia and OSCC to investigate the possible correlation of both markers with grade of dysplasia and histological grade of OSCC. Materials and Methods The study included a total of 60 cases, of which 30 were diagnosed with OSCC and 30 with leukoplakia, that were evaluated immunohistochemically for p63 and cyclin D1 expression. Protein expression was correlated based on grades of dysplasia and OSCC. Results Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 23 cases (76.7%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 cases (100%) were p63 positive. Out of 30 cases of leukoplakia, 21 cases (70.0%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 (100%) were p63 positive (P<0.05). Conclusion The overall expression of cyclin D1 and p63 correlated with tumor differentiation, and increases were correlated with poor histological grades, from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated SCC. Increased cyclin D1 and p63 expression was associated with the severity of leukoplakia. Based on these results cyclin D1 and p63 products can be a useful tool for improved leukoplakia prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunit B Patel
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ahmedabad Dental College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bhari S Manjunatha
- Department of Oral Biology, Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Huwaiyah, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vandana Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology, K.M.Shah Dental College, Vadodara, India
| | - Nishit Soni
- Department of Oral Pathology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rakesh Sutariya
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vaidik Dental College, Daman, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramos-García P, Gil-Montoya JA, Scully C, Ayén A, González-Ruiz L, Navarro-Triviño FJ, González-Moles MA. An update on the implications of cyclin D1 in oral carcinogenesis. Oral Dis 2017; 23:897-912. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - JA Gil-Montoya
- School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - C Scully
- University College of London; London UK
| | - A Ayén
- School of Medicine; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - L González-Ruiz
- Servicio de Dermatología; Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real; Ciudad Real Spain
| | - FJ Navarro-Triviño
- Servicio de Dermatología; Complejo Hospitalario San Cecilio; Granada Spain
| | - MA González-Moles
- School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tejeda-Muñoz N, Robles-Flores M. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 in Wnt signaling pathway and cancer. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:914-22. [PMID: 26600003 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) was first discovered in 1980 as one of the key enzymes of glycogen metabolism. Since then, GSK-3 has been revealed as one of the master regulators of a diverse range of signaling pathways, including those activated by Wnts, participating in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, suggesting that its activity is tightly regulated. Numerous studies have pointed to an association of GSK-3 dysregulation with the onset and progression of human diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammation, neurological illnesses, and cancer. Therefore, GSK-3 is recognized as an attractive therapeutic target in multiple disorders. However, the great number of substrates that are phosphorylated by GSK-3 has raised the question of whether this limits its feasibility as a therapeutic target because of the potential disruption of many cellular processes and also by the fear that inhibition of GSK-3 may stimulate or aid in malignant transformation, as GSK-3 can phosphorylate pro-oncogenic factors. This mini review focuses on the role played by GSK-3 in Wnt signaling pathway and cancer using as model colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Tejeda-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico, D.F., 04510, México
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico, D.F., 04510, México
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Georgy SR, Cangkrama M, Srivastava S, Partridge D, Auden A, Dworkin S, McLean CA, Jane SM, Darido C. Identification of a Novel Proto-oncogenic Network in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:djv152. [PMID: 26063791 PMCID: PMC4836819 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental transcription factor Grainyhead-like 3 (GRHL3) plays a critical tumor suppressor role in the mammalian epidermis through direct regulation of PTEN and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. GRHL3 is highly expressed in all tissues derived from the surface ectoderm, including the oral cavity, raising a question about its potential role in suppression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS We explored the tumor suppressor role of Grhl3 in HNSCC using a conditional knockout (Grhl3 (∆/-) /K14Cre (+) ) mouse line (n = 26) exposed to an oral chemical carcinogen. We defined the proto-oncogenic pathway activated in the HNSCC derived from these mice and assessed it in primary human HNSCC samples, normal oral epithelial cell lines carrying shRNA to GRHL3, and human HNSCC cell lines. Data were analyzed with two-sided chi square and Student's t tests. RESULTS Deletion of Grhl3 in oral epithelium in mice did not perturb PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, but instead evoked loss of GSK3B expression, resulting in stabilization and accumulation of c-MYC and aggressive HNSCC. This molecular signature was also evident in a subset of primary human HNSCC and HNSCC cell lines. Loss of Gsk3b in mice, independent of Grhl3, predisposed to chemical-induced HNSCC. Restoration of GSK3B expression blocked proliferation of normal oral epithelial cell lines carrying shRNA to GRHL3 (cell no., Day 8: Scramble ctl, 616±21.8 x 10(3) vs GRHL3-kd, 1194±44 X 10(3), P < .001; GRHL3-kd vs GRHL3-kd + GSK3B, 800±98.84 X 10(3), P = .003) and human HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS We defined a novel molecular signature in mammalian HNSCC, suggesting new treatment strategies targeting the GRHL3/GSK3B/c-MYC proto-oncogenic network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smitha R Georgy
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ)
| | - Michael Cangkrama
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ)
| | - Seema Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ)
| | - Darren Partridge
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ)
| | - Alana Auden
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ)
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ)
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ)
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ).
| | - Charbel Darido
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (SRG, MC, SS, DP, AA, SD, SMJ, CD); Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia (CAM); Department of Hematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran VIC 3181, Australia (SMJ)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Noorlag R, van Kempen PMW, Stegeman I, Koole R, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. The diagnostic value of 11q13 amplification and protein expression in the detection of nodal metastasis from oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Virchows Arch 2015; 466:363-73. [PMID: 25663615 PMCID: PMC4392171 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not changed significantly over the last decades. Prognosis of OSCC particularly depends on the presence of nodal metastasis in the neck. Therefore, proper determination of the nodal status is pivotal for appropriate treatment. Unfortunately, current available imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound even with fine needle aspiration of suspected lymph nodes (LNs)) fail to detect occult nodal disease accurately. Clinicians in head and neck oncology urgently need new diagnostic tools to reliably determine the presence of nodal metastasis of the neck. Gain of the chromosomal region 11q13 is one of the most prominent genetic alterations in head and neck cancer and is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the diagnostic value of either 11q13 amplification or amplification/protein overexpression of individual genes located on 11q13 to detect nodal metastasis in OSCC. A search was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane, and 947 unique citations were retrieved. Two researchers independently screened all articles and only 18 were found to meet our inclusion criteria and were considered of sufficient quality for meta-analysis. Pooled results of those show that both amplification of CCND1 and protein overexpression of cyclin D1 significantly correlate with lymph node metastasis (LNM) in OSCC. In addition, amplification of CCND1 shows a negative predictive value of 80 % in the detection of LNM in early stage OSCCs which are clinically lymph node negative although this evidence is sparse and should be validated in a larger homogeneous cohort of T1-2 OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pauline M. W. van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ron Koole
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert J. J. van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H4.241, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mishra R, Nagini S, Rana A. Expression and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/ beta and their association with the expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:20. [PMID: 25645517 PMCID: PMC4334357 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to evaluate the expression and activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 isoforms α/β (GSK3α/β) and to assess their oncogenic potential through a correlation with the expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in oral cancer. METHODS The expression of total and phosphorylated GSK3α/β as well as cyclin D1 and p53 together with their interaction were assessed in human oral cancer tissue samples, apparently normal adjacent tissues, benign tumor samples, premalignant lesions and healthy normal tissues (total 179) using various methods, such as immunohistochemistry, Western blot assays, immunoprecipitation and RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS The expression of GSK3β was significantly higher relative to GSK3α indicating the greater role of the β isoform in oral cancer. Among various types of oral cancers, OSCC (of the lip and tongue) showed elevated expression of GSK3α/β, and the expression was correlated with disease progression. The increased expression of pS(21)GSK3α and pS(9)GSK3β not only correlated positively with cyclin D1 and p53 expression in tongue cancer progression but a gradual shift of their expression from the cytoplasmic to the nuclear compartment and overall disease severity was also observed. The interaction of GSK3β-cyclin D1 and the positive correlation of pS(9)GSK3β and the transcription of cyclin D1 were observed. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the inactivation of GSK3β is an important event in OSCC and can be used as a marker for assessing disease severity and may be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, INDIA.
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
| | - Ajay Rana
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 South First Ave., Maywood, 60153, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rath G, Jawanjal P, Salhan S, Nalliah M, Dhawan I. Clinical significance of inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3β in HPV-associated cervical cancer: Relationship with Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:460-78. [PMID: 25532422 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To determine the role of inactivated GSK3β with respect to Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in HPV-16/18-associated cervical cancer. METHOD OF STUDY The expression of active (pGSK3β-Try(216)), inactive (pGSK3β-Ser(9)), and c-Myc as well as HPV-16/18 infection was analyzed in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN), squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) and normal by immunohistochemistry and multiplex PCR. The proteins level was also compared with β-catenin and APC expression. RESULTS The dramatic decrease of pGSK3β-Try(216) expression but ectopic overexpression of pGSK3β-Ser(9) and c-Myc was observed both in CIN and SCCs samples compared to normal tissues. 57/67 CIN and 132/153 SCCs showed HPV-16 infection, while 3/67 CIN and 4/153 SCCs were harbored with HPV-18 infection. Both the proteins were significantly upregulated in HPV-16 infected cases (P = 0.0001; P = 0.001) and also positively correlated with nuclear β-catenin (P = 0.0001; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The process of generation of HPV-16-associated cervical tumorigenesis is synergized with GSK3β inactivation and overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Rath
- Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gioacchini FM, Alicandri-Ciufelli M, Kaleci S, Magliulo G, Presutti L, Re M. The prognostic value of cyclin D1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 273:801-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
22
|
McElwee JL, Mohanan S, Horibata S, Sams KL, Anguish LJ, McLean D, Cvitaš I, Wakshlag JJ, Coonrod SA. PAD2 overexpression in transgenic mice promotes spontaneous skin neoplasia. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6306-17. [PMID: 25213324 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2/PADI2) has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases and, more recently, cancer. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that PAD2 promotes oncogenesis using a transgenic mouse model. We found that about 37% of transgenic mice overexpressing human FLAG-PAD2 downstream of the MMTV-LTR promoter develop spontaneous neoplastic skin lesions. Molecular and histopathologic analyses of the resulting lesions find that they contain increased levels of markers for invasion, inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and that a subset of the lesions progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We then stably overexpressed FLAG-PAD2 in the human SCC cell line, A431, and found that the PAD2-overexpressing cells were more tumorigenic in vitro and also contained elevated levels of markers for inflammation and EMT. Collectively, these studies provide the first genetic evidence that PAD2 functions as an oncogene and suggest that PAD2 may promote tumor progression by enhancing inflammation within the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L McElwee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Sachi Horibata
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Kelly L Sams
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Lynne J Anguish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Dalton McLean
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Iva Cvitaš
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fu Y, Wang X, Cheng X, Ye F, Xie X, Lu W. Clinicopathological and biological significance of aberrant activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1159-68. [PMID: 25028561 PMCID: PMC4077858 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s62158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) plays an important role in human cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of expression of GSK-3α/β and pGSK-3α/βTyr279/216 in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer and to investigate whether GSK-3 inhibition can influence cell viability and tumor growth of ovarian cancer. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to examine expression of GSK-3α/β and pGSK-3α/βTyr279/216 in 71 human epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and correlations between protein expression, and clinicopathological factors were analyzed. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay following exposure of ovarian carcinoma cells to pharmacological inhibitors of GSK-3 or GSK-3 small interfering RNA. In vivo validation of tumor growth inhibition was performed with xenograft mice. Results The expression levels of GSK-3α/β and pGSK-3α/βTyr279/216 in ovarian cancers were significantly higher than those in benign tumors. High expression of GSK-3α/β was more likely to be found in patients with advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages and high serum cancer antigen 125. Higher expression of pGSK-3α/βTyr279/216 was associated with advanced FIGO stages, residual tumor mass, high serum cancer antigen 125, and poor chemoresponse. Worse overall survival was revealed by Kaplan–Meier survival curves in patients with high expression of GSK-3α/β or pGSK-3α/βTyr279/216. Multivariate analysis indicated that FIGO stage, GSK-3α/β expression, and pGSK-3α/βTyr279/216 expression were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. GSK-3 inhibition by lithium chloride, 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8), or GSK-3 small interfering RNA can decrease viability of SKOV3 and SKOV3-TR30 ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, lithium chloride-treated SKOV3 xenograft mice had a significant reduction in tumor growth compared with control-treated animals. Conclusion Our findings suggest that overexpression and aberrant activation of GSK-3 may contribute to progression and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Inhibition of GSK-3 may be a potential therapy for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Fu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ye
- Women's Reproduction and Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Women's Reproduction and Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Women's Reproduction and Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Basnaker M, SP S, BNVS S. Cyclin d1 gene expression in oral mucosa of tobacco chewers"-an immunohistochemical study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC70-5. [PMID: 24995250 PMCID: PMC4080071 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9456.4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression of cyclin D1 in normal oral mucosa of both non tobacco habituated and tobacco habituated individuals histologically and also compare and correlate cyclin D1 expression with histopathologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas. STUDY DESIGN The present study involved 20 cases of tobacco habituated individuals with normal oral mucosal tissue and 20 histopathologically confirmed cases of squamous cells carcinomas. Twelve cases of non tobacco habituated individuals served as control group. Chi-square analysis was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Fifty percent of control cases, 70% of squamous cell carcinoma cases and 80% of tobacco habituated individuals of clinically normal mucosa showed cyclin D1 positivity. Thirteen cases with tobacco chewing habit, with clinically normal mucosa, showed dysplasia, out of which seven were mildly dysplastic and six were moderately dysplastic. A larger percentage of cyclin D1 expression was observed in lower grade dysplasias (53.8%) than higher grade dysplasias (46.1%). However statistical analysis showed no significant association between groups. Chi-square value was < 7.82 for p=0.05. CONCLUSION The finding of cyclin D1 expression in 80% of tobacco users with clinically normal mucosa indicates that the mutation of cyclin D1 occurs early, even before clinical changes are apparent. This finding appears to be previously unreported. The presence of dysplasia in the same group and cyclin D1 expression in 84.6% of dysplastic cases show that the patients are susceptible for further changes, including progression to higher grades of dysplasia and development of carcinoma. Relatively lower expression of cyclin D1 positivity (70%), in oral cancer patients, when compared with tobacco users with clinically normal mucosa (80%) is indicative of increased traverse of the cell through the cell cycle, which may occur early in tumor progression. Cyclin D1 immunoreactivity was detected in all the three study groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maharudrappa Basnaker
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, H.K.E.’s S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental sciences & Research Center, Gulbarga
| | - Srikala SP
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, H.K.E.’s S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental sciences & Research Center, Gulbarga
| | - Satish BNVS
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, H.K.E.’s S. Nijalingappa Institute of Dental sciences & Research Center, Gulbarga
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Y, Yu D, Li H, Nie P, Zhu Y, Liu S, Zhu M, Fang B. Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with poor clinicopathological outcome and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma in Asian populations: insights from a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93210. [PMID: 24675814 PMCID: PMC3968091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinicopathological significance of cyclin D1 overexpression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been fully quantified. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis for evaluation of cyclin D1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma to determine the strength of this association. Methods Using both medical subheadings and free terms, we searched PubMed, Embase and the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science for all eligible studies published before Nov. 2013. We retrieved 1674 citations, determining that 15 met the selection criteria. We used the odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) as the common measures of association to quantitatively determine the correlation between cyclin D1 overexpression and outcomes of oral cancer. We performed a meta-analysis and heterogeneity, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses to clarify and validate the pooled results. Results The pooled results provided compelling evidence that cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly correlated with increased tumor size (OR = 1.617, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.046–2.498, p = 0.031), lymphoid node metastasis (OR = 2.035, 95% CI = 1.572–2.635, p<0.001), tumor differentiation (OR = 1.976, 95% CI = 1.363–2.866, p<0.001), and advancement of clinical stages (OR = 1.516, 95% CI = 1.140–2.015, p = 0.004), and adversely influenced overall survival of OSCC patients (HR = 1.897, 95% CI = 1.577–2.282, p<0.001). The strength of association varied in different oral cavity subsites. Conclusion Our findings indicated that cyclin D1 expression correlates with detrimental clinicopathological outcome and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our results may be useful in the management of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhao
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dedong Yu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Handong Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Nie
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (BF)
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (BF)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Atkins RJ, Stylli SS, Luwor RB, Kaye AH, Hovens CM. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and its dysregulation in glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:1185-92. [PMID: 23768967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring and devastating human brain malignancy, retaining almost universal mortality and a median survival of only 14 months, even with recent advances in multimodal treatments. Gliomas are characterised as being both highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy and highly invasive, rendering conventional interventions palliative. The continual dismal prognosis for GBM patients identifies an urgent need for the evolutionary development of new treatment modalities. This includes molecular targeted therapies as many signaling molecules and associated pathways have been implicated in the development and survival of malignant gliomas including the protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Here we review the activity and function of GSK-3β in a number of signaling pathways and its role in gliomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 immunohistochemical expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:269-76. [PMID: 23494454 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gene products, which show a significant association to cell proliferation and cell cycle control, are of high scientific interest, because genes as well as gene products could be possible targets for a specific therapeutic approach and eventually be prognostic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cyclin D1 expression and amplification as well as the Ki-67 expression status were examined in a two tissue microarray analysis for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) including 546 patients. A tumour site-specific analysis and a survival analysis of 222 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients were performed. Cyclin D1 amplification status was examined with fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis, while cyclin D1 expression and Ki-67 expression status were examined with IHC. RESULTS Amplification of the CCND1 gene and immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 were examined in 546 tumours of the head and neck region in two tissue microarrays. CCND1 amplification was significantly more frequent in pharyngeal carcinomas (63%) than in laryngeal (37%) and oral (25%) carcinomas. Among the 222 cases of OSCCs, both CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 expression were significantly associated with overall survival of the patients (p = 0.0127 and p = 0.0004, respectively). Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with cyclin D1 expression and with amplification of the CCND1 gene (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0015, respectively) but not with patient overall survival. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the prognostic value of CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 expression for patients with OSCC and highlight the genetic differences in HNSCC of different subanatomic localisation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cyclin D1 expression and CCND1 amplification seem to have a prognostic value for OSCC. Further studies of HNSCC should always consider subanatomic genetic differences.
Collapse
|
28
|
Mishra R. Cell cycle-regulatory cyclins and their deregulation in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:475-81. [PMID: 23434055 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a growth-related disorder, and cyclins are the prime regulators of cell division. Cyclins are associated with the pathogenesis of oral cancer and are considered valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. These important molecules are regulated in many ways to achieve a gain in function and are involved in promoting neoplastic growth. While the causes of most cyclin overexpression are varied, these cyclins may be induced by buccal mucosal insult mainly with carcinogens that alter various pathways propelling oral cancer. Substantial experimental evidences support a link between oncogenic signaling pathways and the deregulation of cyclins in oral cancer. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which cyclins are regulated and promote oral oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835 205, Jharkhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Quintayo MA, Munro AF, Thomas J, Kunkler IH, Jack W, Kerr GR, Dixon JM, Chetty U, Bartlett JMS. GSK3β and cyclin D1 expression predicts outcome in early breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:161-8. [PMID: 22976805 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is phosphorylated and inactivated by the phosphoinositide 3 kinase PI3K/Akt pathway. Activation of Akt phosphorylates GSK3β preventing phosphorylation of cyclin D1 which leads to accumulation and nuclear localisation of cyclin D1, activation of CDK4/6 and cell cycle progression. The CCND1 gene found at chromosome 11q13 has been shown to be amplified in approximately 15 % of breast cancers. Cyclin D1, the product of the CCND1 gene, is one of the most commonly overexpressed proteins in breast cancer. Protein expression for GSK3β, phosphorylated-GSK3β (p-GSK3β), cyclin D1 and gene expression of CCND1 were examined in tissue microarrays of 1,686 patients from the Edinburgh Breast Conservation Series. High GSK3β expression was associated with reduced distant relapse-free survival (DRFS), while no association between p-GSK3β and breast cancer-specific survival was seen. CCND1 amplification is also associated with poor DRFS. On the contrary, cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with an increase in DRFS. Multivariate analysis was performed. We suggest that analysis of both GSK3β and cyclin D1 expressions can be considered as a marker of good prognosis in early breast cancer.
Collapse
|
30
|
Saawarn S, Astekar M, Saawarn N, Dhakar N, Gomateshwar Sagari S. Cyclin d1 expression and its correlation with histopathological differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:978327. [PMID: 22629227 PMCID: PMC3353659 DOI: 10.1100/2012/978327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cyclin D1 regulates the G1 to S transition of cell cycle. Its deregulation or overexpression may lead to disturbance in the normal cell cycle control and tumour formation. Overexpression of cyclin D1 has been reported in various tumors of diverse histogenesis. This case control retrospective study was carried out to study the immunohistochemical reactivity and expression of cyclin D1 and its association with site, clinical staging, and histopathological differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods. Forty formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of biopsy specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of cyclin D1. Results. Cyclin D1 expression was seen in 45% cases of OSCC. It did not correlate with site and clinical staging. Highest expression was seen in well-differentiated, followed by moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, with a statistically significant correlation. Conclusion. Cyclin D1 expression significantly increases with increase in differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Saawarn
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhanpur, Bhopal, 462037 MP, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mills CN, Nowsheen S, Bonner JA, Yang ES. Emerging roles of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in the treatment of brain tumors. Front Mol Neurosci 2011; 4:47. [PMID: 22275880 PMCID: PMC3223722 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutively active protein glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a serine/threonine kinase, acts paradoxically as a tumor suppressor in some cancers while potentiates growth in others. Deciphering what governs its actions is vital for understanding many pathological conditions, including brain cancer. What are seemingly disparate roles of GSK3 stems from the complex regulation of many cellular functions by GSK3. This review focuses on the regulation of GSK3, its role in survival, apoptosis and DNA damage, and finally its potential therapeutic impact in brain cancer. A thorough understanding of this versatile protein is critical for improving the outcome of various diseases, especially cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N Mills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Medicine Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kaminagakura E, Werneck da Cunha I, Soares FA, Nishimoto IN, Kowalski LP. CCND1 amplification and protein overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma of young patients. Head Neck 2011; 33:1413-9. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
33
|
Xia JJ, Pei LB, Zhuang JP, Ji Y, Xu GP, Zhang ZP, Li N, Yan JL. Celecoxib inhibits β-catenin-dependent survival of the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:1294-304. [PMID: 20926002 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors may exert antitumour effects through COX-2-independent mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on the viability of the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line and its β-catenin signalling pathway. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined in celecoxib-treated cells or after β-catenin knockdown in vitro. Analyses were performed to detect glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, phosphorylated GSK-3β, β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 proteins, and mRNA levels of β-catenin, c-Myc and CCND1 (encoding cyclin D1). β-Catenin was shown to be required for MG63 cell survival and celecoxib exerted an inhibitory effect on the viability of cultured MG-63 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. β-Catenin protein decreased in the cytosol and nucleus following celecoxib treatment (from 6 h after initiation of treatment onwards; lowest protein levels were reached at > 72 h). Significant reductions in β-catenin, c-Myc and CCND1 mRNA were observed. Celecoxib inhibited MG-63 cell viability, possibly by activating GSK-3β and inhibiting β-catenin-dependent gene transcription, suggesting a role for celecoxib in osteosarcoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-J Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bello IO, Soini Y, Salo T. Prognostic evaluation of oral tongue cancer: Means, markers and perspectives (II). Oral Oncol 2010; 46:636-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
35
|
Cho YJ, Kim JH, Yoon J, Cho SJ, Ko YS, Park JW, Lee HS, Lee HE, Kim WH, Lee BL. Constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta correlates with better prognosis and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in human gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2010; 10:91. [PMID: 20704706 PMCID: PMC2928182 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-10-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been implicated in several human cancers; however, it has not been reported in the gastric cancer tissues to date. The present study was performed to determine the expression status of active form of GSK-3β phosphorylated at Tyr216 (pGSK-3β) and its relationship with other tumor-associated proteins in human gastric cancers. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue array slides containing 281 human gastric carcinoma specimens. In addition, gastric cancer cells were cultured and treated with a GSK-3β inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl) for immunoblot analysis. Results We found that pGSK-3β was expressed in 129 (46%) of 281 cases examined, and was higher in the early-stages of pathologic tumor-node-metastasis (P < 0.001). The expression of pGSK-3β inversely correlated with lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and correlated with a longer patient survival (P < 0.001). In addition, pGSK-3β expression positively correlated with that of p16, p21, p27, p53, APC, PTEN, MGMT, SMAD4, or KAI1 (P < 0.05), but not with that of cyclin D1. This was confirmed by immunoblot analysis using SNU-668 gastric cancer cells treated with LiCl. Conclusions GSK-3β activation was frequently observed in early-stage gastric carcinoma and was significantly correlated with better prognosis. Thus, these findings suggest that GSK-3β activation is a useful prognostic marker for the early-stage gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shin HK, Kim J, Lee EJ, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of curcumin on motility of human oral squamous carcinoma YD-10B cells via suppression of ERK and NF-kappaB activations. Phytother Res 2010; 24:577-82. [PMID: 19777504 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are characterized by a marked propensity for local invasion, so the identification of agents inhibiting the onset and progression of OSCC has recently gained interest. Here, we found that curcumin inhibited cell proliferation and motility with decreased activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 and decreased mRNA expressions of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR in the highly invasive human YD-10B OSCC cells. Western blot analysis showed that curcumin inhibited the activation of MAP kinases (especially ERK) and NF-kappaB, which are involved in the transcriptional regulation of proteolytic enzymes. In conclusion, curcumin is one of the strong phytochemicals with antimotility activity of OSCC; the inhibitory effect of curcumin on the motility of YD-10B cells could result from its potential to inhibit the activation of ERK/MAP kinase and NF-kappaB that consequently down-regulate the mRNA expressions and activities of proteolytic enzymes such as uPA and MMP-2/9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyoung Shin
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mishra R. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta: can it be a target for oral cancer. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:144. [PMID: 20537194 PMCID: PMC2906469 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in treatment approaches for oral cancer, there has been only modest improvement in patient outcomes in the past three decades. The frequent treatment failure is due to the failure to control tumor recurrence and metastasis. These failures suggest that new targets should be identified to reverse oral epithelial dysplastic lesions. Recent developments suggest an active role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3 β) in various human cancers either as a tumor suppressor or as a tumor promoter. GSK3β is a Ser/Thr protein kinase, and there is emerging evidence that it is a tumor suppressor in oral cancer. The evidence suggests a link between key players in oral cancer that control transcription, accelerated cell cycle progression, activation of invasion/metastasis and anti-apoptosis, and regulation of these factors by GSK3β. Moreover, the major upstream kinases of GSK3β and their oncogenic activation by several etiological agents of oral cancer support this hypothesis. In spite of all this evidence, a detailed analysis of the role of GSK3β in oral cancer and of its therapeutic potential has yet to be conducted by the scientific community. The focus of this review is to discuss the multitude of roles of GSK3β, its possible role in controlling different oncogenic events and how it can be targeted in oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Dept, of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Bldg 102, Maywood, IL-60153, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jin YH, Kim H, Oh M, Ki H, Kim K. Regulation of Notch1/NICD and Hes1 expressions by GSK-3alpha/beta. Mol Cells 2009; 27:15-9. [PMID: 19214430 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is controlled at multiple levels. In particular, stabilized Notch receptor activation directly affects the transcriptional activations of Notch target genes. Although some progress has been made in terms of defining the regulatory mechanism that alters Notch stability, it has not been determined whether Notch1/NICD stability is regulated by GSK-3alpha. Here, we show that Notch1/NICD levels are significantly regulated by GSK-3beta and by GSK-3alpha. Treatment with LiCl (a specific GSK-3 inhibitor) or the overexpression of the kinase-inactive forms of GSK-3alpha/beta significantly increased Notch1/NICD levels. Endogenous NICD levels were also increased by either GSK-3alpha/beta- or GSK-3alpha-specific siRNA. Furthermore, it was found that GSK-3alpha binds to Notch1. Deletion analysis showed that at least three Thr residues in Notch1 (Thr-1851, 2123, and 2125) are critical for its response to LiCl, which increased not only the transcriptional activity of endogenous NICD but also Hes1 mRNA levels. Taken together, our results indicate that GSK-3alpha is a negative regulator of Notch1/NICD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hye Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Biliran H, Banerjee S, Thakur A, Sarkar FH, Bollig A, Ahmed F, Wu J, Sun Y, Liao JD. c-Myc-induced chemosensitization is mediated by suppression of cyclin D1 expression and nuclear factor-kappa B activity in pancreatic cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2811-21. [PMID: 17473215 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive disease that remains refractory to various chemotherapeutic agents. Because the proto-oncogene c-myc can modulate apoptosis in response to cytotoxic insults and is commonly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, we investigated the value of c-myc as a potential modulator of cellular response to various chemotherapeutic agents. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Stable overexpression or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of c-myc and restoration of cyclin D1 were done in the Ela-myc pancreatic tumor cell line. Cell viability after cisplatin treatment of c-myc-overexpressing, control, and siRNA-transfected cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and drug-induced apoptosis was measured by DNA fragmentation, sub-G(1), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage analyses. Protein expression profile after cisplatin treatment was determined by Western blotting and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS Ectopic overexpression of c-myc in murine and human pancreatic cancer cell lines, Ela-myc and L3.6pl, respectively, resulted in increased sensitivity to cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic drugs. Increased sensitivity to cisplatin in c-myc-overexpressing cells was due, in part, to the marked increase in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Conversely, down-regulation of c-myc expression in stable c-myc-overexpressing cells by c-myc siRNA resulted in decreased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced cell death. These results indicate an important role of c-myc in chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells. The c-myc-induced cisplatin sensitivity correlated with inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB activity, which was partially restored by ectopic cyclin D1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the c-myc-dependent sensitization to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis involves suppression of cyclin D1 expression and nuclear factor kappaB activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Biliran
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang C, Yang L, Li Z, Yang J, Zhao J, Dehui X, Liu L, Wang Q, Song T. Detection of CCND1 amplification using laser capture microdissection coupled with real-time polymerase chain reaction in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 175:19-25. [PMID: 17498553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several methods have been used to detect CCND1 amplification or overexpression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but problems remain, associated with heterogeneity of tumor tissue and quantification of gene copies. Laser capture microdissection coupled with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a reliable method for the molecular analysis of gene profiles in specific tissues. All 35 specimens of ESCC studied were paraffin-embedded, cut into tissue slides, and stained by hematoxylin-eosin. The pure ESCC cell and normal squamous epithelia populations were separated by LCM and then genomic DNA was extracted from the dissected cells. CCND1 amplification was detected with real-time FQ-PCR and with PCR. Amplification was calculated by the formula X = 2(-DeltaDeltaCt) and R = (CCND1/ACTB) CANCER/(CCND1/ACTB) NORMAL. Twenty (57%) of primary ESCC cancer cell groups had a detectable CCND1 amplification (range, 2.06-fold to 25.9-fold) with real-time FQ-PCR, but only 2 of 15 primary ESCC cancer cell groups had detectable CCND1 amplification by PCR. CCND1 amplification was not correlated with age, sex, size of tumor, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, LCM coupled with real-time fluorescence quantitative-PCR technique is more precise than PCR for the identifying amplified oncogenes; The role of CCND1 amplification in ESCC development and progression needs more extensive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jope RS, Yuskaitis CJ, Beurel E. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3): inflammation, diseases, and therapeutics. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:577-95. [PMID: 16944320 PMCID: PMC1970866 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering what governs inflammation and its effects on tissues is vital for understanding many pathologies. The recent discovery that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) promotes inflammation reveals a new component of its well-documented actions in several prevalent diseases which involve inflammation, including mood disorders, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer. Involvement in such disparate conditions stems from the widespread influences of GSK3 on many cellular functions, with this review focusing on its regulation of inflammatory processes. GSK3 promotes the production of inflammatory molecules and cell migration, which together make GSK3 a powerful regulator of inflammation, while GSK3 inhibition provides protection from inflammatory conditions in animal models. The involvement of GSK3 and inflammation in these diseases are highlighted. Thus, GSK3 may contribute not only to primary pathologies in these diseases, but also to the associated inflammation, suggesting that GSK3 inhibitors may have multiple effects influencing these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Jope
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Sparks Center 1057, 1720 Seventh Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cyclin D1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma: correlation with histological differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 103:e30-5. [PMID: 17197212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Revised: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and verrucous carcinoma (VC), to compare its expression in both of these carcinomas, and to investigate the possible correlation of cyclin D1 expression in different histological grades of OSCC. STUDY DESIGN Paraffin embedded tissues from 71 cases of OSCC and VC were studied immunohistochemically. Expression of protein was correlated between the 2 entities and in different grades of OSCC. RESULTS Cyclin D1 overexpression was seen in 29 cases (70.7%) of OSCC and in 19 cases (63.3%) of verrucous carcinoma. Statistical significance at the 5% level was observed for cyclin D1 expression between all categories of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), that is, between well-differentiated and moderately differentiated carcinomas, and between moderate and poorly differentiated carcinomas, and well and poorly differentiated squamous carcinomas. No statistical significance was observed in cyclin D1 expression between SCC and oral verrucous carcinoma; however, statistical significance was seen between oral VC and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION Increased expression of cyclin D1 significantly correlated with lack of differentiation in these malignant epithelial neoplasms.
Collapse
|
43
|
Sathyan KM, Sailasree R, Jayasurya R, Lakshminarayanan K, Abraham T, Nalinakumari KR, Abraham EK, Kannan S. Carcinoma of tongue and the buccal mucosa represent different biological subentities of the oral carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 132:601-9. [PMID: 16767431 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-006-0111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinico-epidemiological studies show that the behaviour of the tongue cancer is different from the cancer originating at other sites of the oral cavity. However, studies identifying the reason for such difference are lacking in the literature. METHODS In the present study, we have attempted to see whether any difference existed in the cell cycle regulatory mechanism of these tumours by comparing immunohistochemically the expression of major cell cycle regulatory proteins in 147 buccal and 94 tongue carcinoma (anterior two-third of tongue) prospectively. RESULTS On comparison of buccal and tongue carcinoma, expression of p16 and p21 showed significant difference. In combined analysis, simultaneous down regulation of p16 and p21 was seen in 47% of tongue cancer cases as against 28% in buccal carcinoma (P=0.004). In univariate analysis, none of the clinico-biological variables studied showed significant association with survival in tongue carcinoma, whereas, some of the clinico-biological variables associated with survival in buccal carcinoma. Among the biological markers, the overexpression of cyclin D1 (P=0.007) and p53, detected using both the clones of antibodies-DO7 (P=0.008) and PAb240 (P=0.014) and the down regulation of p16 (0.033), showed significant association with shorter disease free survival (DFS) in these cases. Whereas in the case of overall survival (OS), overexpression of p53 [DO7 (P=0.031) and PAb240 (P=0.017)] and cyclin D1 (P=0.001) associated with poor survival. In multivariate analysis, the expression pattern of p53 and p16 protein influences the DFS whereas cyclin D1 expression showed independent association with the OS in buccal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Thus, tongue and buccal cancers represent different biological subentities, and such differences should be considered in oral cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Sathyan
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation and Molecular Oncology, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 011, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mishra R, Das BR. Activation of STAT 5-cyclin D1 pathway in chewing tobacco mediated oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2006; 32:159-66. [PMID: 16172916 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-005-0754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 overexpression and upregulation has been reported largely in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) but the mechanism behind it is not clear. Here, the transcription and translational upregulation of cyclin D1 was observed in most of the tobacco chewing oral cancer patients where as the gene amplification was limited to only small group (20%) of patients. A transcription factor (TF) binding site has been detected from -483 to -451 by using DNase I foot printing analysis and confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay by using oral tumour nuclear extract (NE). This is a STAT binding sequence and confirmed as STAT 5a by super shift assay. The binding of STAT 5 was observed in 80% (24/30) oral cancer samples. The co-expression of cyclin D1 with STAT 5 binding was observed in 90% (27/30) of the samples. STAT family of proteins is emerging to play role in oral carcinogenesis. Here, the binding of STAT 5 might up regulate cyclin D1 in most of the samples whereas; the gene amplification events are sporadic in oral carcinogenesis. Our study provides the first evidence of the constitutive activation of STAT 5-cyclin D1 pathway in chewing tobacco mediated OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Molecular Oncology & Medical Biotechnology Division, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751 023, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:2858-2861. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i24.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
46
|
Mori J, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Miwa Y, Watanabe Y, Hirata M, Morimoto S, Shirasuna K, Sasaguri T. Differentiation-inducing factor-1 induces cyclin D1 degradation through the phosphorylation of Thr286 in squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2005; 310:426-33. [PMID: 16153639 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factors (DIFs) are morphogens which induce cell differentiation in Dictyostelium. We reported that DIF-1 and DIF-3 inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation in mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of DIF-1 on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines NA and SAS, well differentiated and poorly differentiated cell lines, respectively. Although DIF-1 did not induce the expression of cell differentiation makers in these cell lines, it inhibited the proliferation of NA and SAS in a dose-dependent manner by restricting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. DIF-1 induced cyclin D1 degradation, but this effect was prevented by treatment with lithium chloride and SB216763, the inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta). Depletion of endogenous GSK-3beta by RNA interference also attenuated the effect of DIF-1 on cyclin D1 degradation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DIF-1 on GSK-3beta and found that DIF-1 dephosphorylated GSK-3beta on Ser9 and induced the nuclear translocation of GSK-3beta, suggesting that DIF-1 activated GSK-3beta. Then, we examined the effect of DIF-1 on cyclin D1 mutants (Thr286Ala, Thr288Ala, and Thr286/288Ala). We revealed that Thr286Ala and Thr286/288Ala mutants were highly resistant to DIF-1-induced degradation compared with wild-type cyclin D1, indicating that the phosphorylation of Thr286 was critical for cyclin D1 degradation induced by DIF-1. These results suggest that DIF-1 induces degradation of cyclin D1 through the GSK-3beta-mediated phosphorylation of Thr286.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nakanishi Y, Akimoto S, Sato Y, Kanai Y, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. Prognostic significance of dysadherin expression in tongue cancer: immunohistochemical analysis of 91 cases. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005; 12:323-8. [PMID: 15536331 DOI: 10.1097/00129039-200412000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system is frequently inactivated by multiple mechanisms and is involved in tumor progression in many types of cancer. Recently we have reported a novel cell membrane glycoprotein, dysadherin, which has an anti-cell-cell adhesion function and downregulates E-cadherin. Expressions of dysadherin and E-cadherin were investigated immunohistochemically in 91 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue to determine the correlation between the 2 molecules and their associations with the clinicopathologic features of the tumors and with patient survival. Dysadherin was expressed at the cell membranes of many cancer cells. Twenty-five percent of the tumors showed dysadherin immunopositivity in more than 50% of the cancer cells. Sixty-nine percent of the tumors showed reduced E-cadherin immunopositivity. There was an inverse correlation between dysadherin expression and E-cadherin expression (P = 0.0001). Increased dysadherin expression was significantly correlated with an infiltrative type of growth pattern (P = 0.001), high tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.024), and poor patient survival (P = 0.003). After adjusting for growth pattern, TNM stage, and other clinicopathologic features, increased dysadherin expression and reduced E-cadherin expression were both significant predictors of poor survival (P = 0.0006). Increased dysadherin expression is a significant indicator of poor prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Nakanishi
- Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Doucas H, Garcea G, Neal CP, Manson MM, Berry DP. Changes in the Wnt signalling pathway in gastrointestinal cancers and their prognostic significance. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:365-79. [PMID: 15691635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many steps in the Wnt signalling pathway may be altered during the process of carcinogenesis. This Review focuses on the changes observed in gastrointestinal cancers. A literature search was undertaken and the currently available data summarised. Understanding the alterations to this signalling pathway may help to reveal future targets for therapeutic agents. In addition, since in some tumours, levels of components of the Wnt pathway have been found to correlate with clinical stage, their potential use as prognostic indicators is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Doucas
- Department of Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocentre, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Roy HK, Karolski WJ, Wali RK, Ratashak A, Hart J, Smyrk TC. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, nabumetone, differentially inhibits beta-catenin signaling in the MIN mouse and azoxymethane-treated rat models of colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2005; 217:161-9. [PMID: 15617833 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms through which beta-catenin signaling is inhibited during colorectal cancer chemoprevention by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is incompletely understood. We report that nabumetone decreased uninvolved intestinal mucosal beta-catenin levels in the MIN mouse with a concomitant increase in glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta levels, an enzyme that targets beta-catenin for destruction. However, in the azoxymethane-treated rat, where beta-catenin is frequently rendered GSK-3beta-insensitive, nabumetone failed to alter beta-catenin levels but did decrease beta-catenin nuclear localization and transcriptional activity as gauged by cyclin D1. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the differential mechanisms for beta-catenin suppression may be determined, at least partly, by GSK-3beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemant K Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evanston-Northwestern Healthcare Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Odajima T, Sasaki Y, Tanaka N, Kato-Mori Y, Asanuma H, Ikeda T, Satoh M, Hiratsuka H, Tokino T, Sawada N. Abnormal β-catenin expression in oral cancer with no gene mutation: correlation with expression of cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor, Ki-67 labeling index, and clinicopathological features. Hum Pathol 2005; 36:234-41. [PMID: 15791567 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta-Catenin not only acts as a regulator of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion but also plays an important role in Wnt signaling. To assess the prevalence of Wnt signaling, we examined beta-catenin mutation and its immunohistochemical protein expression in oral cancers. The results were linked with expression of cyclin D1, one of the target genes of Wnt signaling, expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) relevant to beta-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation, Ki-67 labeling index, clinicopathological features, and survival. In the analysis based on membranous expression of beta-catenin, 75 (68.2%) of 110 cases showed a reduced membranous pattern, and the remaining 35 (31.8%) had a preserved membranous pattern similar to that in oral epithelium. In the analysis of another category of beta-catenin expression, a cytoplasmic/nuclear pattern was observed in 21 (19.1%) of the 110 tumors. Most (19/21, 90.5%) of these tumors had a concomitant reduction of membranous expression of beta-catenin. The reduced membranous or cytoplasmic/nuclear pattern of beta-catenin was significantly associated with an invasive growth pattern, EGFR expression, an increased Ki-67 labeling index, and shorter survival but not with cyclin D1 expression. Mutational analyses of beta-catenin were performed for 39 cases, including the 21 tumors with a cytoplasmic/nuclear pattern, but no mutations in the beta-catenin gene exon 3 were detected in these samples. Our data indicate that altered expression of beta-catenin may play an important role in tumor progression through increased proliferation and invasiveness under EGFR activation. However, mutations of beta-catenin do not appear to be responsible for tumor development and abnormal expression of beta-catenin in oral cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyo Odajima
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|