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Warsi Khan H, Kaif Khan M, Moniruzzaman M, Al Mesfer MK, Danish M, Irshad K, Yusuf M, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S. Evaluating ionic liquids for its potential as eco-friendly solvents for naproxen removal from water sources using COSMO-RS: Computational and experimental validation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116058. [PMID: 37178749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An emerging contaminant of concern in aqueous streams is naproxen. Due to its poor solubility, non-biodegradability, and pharmaceutically active nature, the separation is challenging. Conventional solvents employed for naproxen are toxic and harmful. Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted great attention as greener solubilizing and separating agent for various pharmaceuticals. ILs have found extensive usage as solvents in nanotechnological processes involving enzymatic reactions and whole cells. The employment of ILs can enhance the effectiveness and productivity of such bioprocesses. To avoid cumbersome experimental screening, in this study, conductor like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to screen ILs. Thirty anions and eight cations from various families were chosen. Activity coefficient at infinite dilution, capacity, selectivity, performance index, molecular interactions using σ-profiles and interaction energies were used to make predictions about solubility. According to the findings, quaternary ammonium cations, highly electronegative, and food-grade anions will form excellent ionic liquid combinations for solubilizing naproxen and hence will be better separating agents. This research will contribute easy designing of ionic liquid-based separation technologies for naproxen. In different separation technologies, ionic liquids can be employed as extractants, carriers, adsorbents, and absorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Warsi Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | | | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Center of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed K Al Mesfer
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Danish
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Irshad
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS) Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shreshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Priyanka BS, Rastogi NK. Encapsulation of β-amylase in water-oil-water enzyme emulsion liquid membrane (EELM) bioreactor for enzymatic conversion of starch to maltose. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:172-180. [PMID: 31846387 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1679172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The β-amylase was encapsulated in emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), which acted as a reactor for conversion of starch to maltose. The membrane phase was consisted of surfactant (span 80), stabilizer (polystyrene), carrier for maltose transport (methyl cholate) and solvent (xylene). The substrate starch in feed phase entered into the internal phase by the process of diffusion and hydrolyzed to maltose by encapsulated β-amylase. Methyl cholate present in the membrane acts as a carrier for the product maltose, which helps in transport of maltose to feed phase from internal aqueous phase. The residual activity of β-amylase after the five-reaction cycle was found to decrease to ∼70%, which indicated possibility to recycle the components of the emulsion and enzyme. The pH and temperature of the encapsulated enzyme were found to be optimum at 5.5 and 60 °C, respectively. The novelty of the present work lies in the development of Enzyme Emulsion Liquid Membranes (EELM) bioreactor for the hydrolysis of starch into maltose mediated by encapsulated β-amylase. The attempt has been made for the first time for the successful encapsulation of β-amylase into EELM. The best results gave the highest residual enzyme activity (94.1%) and maltose production (29.13 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Priyanka
- Department of Food Engineering, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
| | - Navin K Rastogi
- Department of Food Engineering, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
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Dawes CS, Konig H, Lin CC. Enzyme-immobilized hydrogels to create hypoxia for in vitro cancer cell culture. J Biotechnol 2017; 248:25-34. [PMID: 28284922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a critical condition governing many aspects of cellular fate processes. The most common practice in hypoxic cell culture is to maintain cells in an incubator with controlled gas inlet (i.e., hypoxic chamber). Here, we describe the design and characterization of enzyme-immobilized hydrogels to create solution hypoxia under ambient conditions for in vitro cancer cell culture. Specifically, glucose oxidase (GOX) was acrylated and co-polymerized with poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) through photopolymerization to form GOX-immobilized PEG-based hydrogels. We first evaluated the effect of soluble GOX on inducing solution hypoxia (O2<5%) and found that both unmodified and acrylated GOX could sustain hypoxia for at least 24h even under ambient air condition with constant oxygen diffusion from the air-liquid interface. However, soluble GOX gradually lost its ability to sustain hypoxia after 24h due to the loss of enzyme activity over time. On the other hand, GOX-immobilized hydrogels were able to create hypoxia within the hydrogel for at least 120h, potentially due to enhanced protein stabilization by enzyme 'PEGylation' and immobilization. As a proof-of-concept, this GOX-immobilized hydrogel system was used to create hypoxia for in vitro culture of Molm14 (acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line) and Huh7 (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line). Cells cultured in the presence of GOX-immobilized hydrogels remained viable for at least 24h. The expression of hypoxia associated genes, including carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and lysyl oxidase (LOX), were significantly upregulated in cells cultured with GOX-immobilized hydrogels. These results have demonstrated the potential of using enzyme-immobilized hydrogels to create hypoxic environment for in vitro cancer cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camron S Dawes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Heiko Konig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana University Melvin & Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Blandino A, Macı́as M, Cantero D. Modelling and simulation of a bienzymatic reaction system co-immobilised within hydrogel-membrane liquid-core capsules. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pal P, Datta S, Bhattacharya P. Multi-enzyme immobilization in eco-friendly emulsion liquid membrane reactor—a new approach to membrane formulation. Sep Purif Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5866(01)00204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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