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Gamelas SRD, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Lourenço LMO. Advances in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewaters: harnessing the power of phthalocyanines and phthalocyanine-containing materials. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33957-33993. [PMID: 38019980 PMCID: PMC10658578 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06598g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to clean water is increasingly challenging worldwide due to human activities and climate change. Wastewater treatment and utilization offer a promising solution by reducing the reliance on pure underground water. However, it is crucial to develop efficient and sustainable methods for wastewater purification. Among the emerging wastewater treatment strategies, photocatalysis has gained significant attention for decomposing organic pollutants in water, especially when combined with sunlight and a recoverable photocatalyst. Heterogeneous photocatalysts have distinct advantages, as they can be recovered and reused without significant loss of activity over multiple cycles. Phthalocyanine dyes, with their exceptional photophysical properties, are particularly valuable for homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis. By immobilizing these photosensitizers in various supports, hybrid materials extend their light absorption into the visible spectrum, complementing most supports' limited UV light absorption. The novelty and research importance of this review stems from its discussion of the multifaceted approach to treating contaminated wastewater with phthalocyanines and materials containing phthalocyanines. It highlights key aspects of each study, including photocatalytic efficiency, recyclability characteristics, investigation of the generation of oxygen species responsible for degradation, identification of the major degradation byproducts for each pollutant, and others. Moreover, the review includes tables that illustrate and compare the various phthalocyanines and supporting materials employed in each study for pollutant degradation. Additionally, almost all photocatalysts mentioned in this review could degrade at least 5% of the pollutant, and more than 50 photocatalysts showed photocatalytic rates above 50%. When immobilized in some support, the synergistic effect of the phthalocyanine was visible in the photocatalytic rate of the studied pollutant. However, when performing these types of works, it is necessary to understand the degradation products of each pollutant and their relative toxicities. Along with this, recyclability and stability studies are also necessary. Despite the good results presented in this review, some of the works lack those studies. Moreover, none of the works mentions any study in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R D Gamelas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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Allen NS, Edge M, Sandoval G, Verran J, Catalina F, Bygott C, Kerrod J. Research perspectives on the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide: Catalytic assessment methods in solution and solid-state in relation to particle surface activity. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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3
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Koohgard M, Hosseini-Sarvari M. Visible-light-mediated phosphonylation reaction: formation of phosphonates from alkyl/arylhydrazines and trialkylphosphites using zinc phthalocyanine. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5905-5911. [PMID: 34132725 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00848j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a ligand- and base-free visible-light-mediated protocol for the photoredox syntheses of arylphosphonates and, for the first time, alkyl phosphonates. Zinc phthalocyanine-photocatalyzed Csp2-P and Csp3-P bond formations were efficiently achieved by reacting aryl/alkylhydrazines with trialkylphosphites in the presence of air serving as an abundant oxidant. The reaction conditions tolerated a wide variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Koohgard
- Nano Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mona Hosseini-Sarvari
- Nano Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Dong Z, Zhou R, Xiong L, Li H, Liu Q, Zheng L, Guo Z, Deng Z. Preparation of a Ti 0.7W 0.3O 2/TiO 2 nanocomposite interfacial photocatalyst and its photocatalytic degradation of phenol pollutants in wastewater. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:425-437. [PMID: 36133969 PMCID: PMC9418697 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 nanocomposite interfacial photocatalyst was designed and prepared for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol pollutants in wastewater. The detailed properties of the Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 nanocomposite interface (NCI) were analyzed by XRD, SEM, EDX, DRS, UPS and XPS technologies, showing that anatase TiO2 nanospheres (NSs) were uniformly dispersed on the surface of rutile Ti0.7W0.3O2 nanoparticles (NPs) and formed the nanocomposite interface. The DRS and UPS results of 5 wt% Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 NCI indicated a greatly broadened light response range with a wavelength shorter than 527 nm and a shorter band gap energy of 2.37 eV. The conduction band of TiO2 NSs, Ti0.7W0.3O2 NPs and 5 wt% Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 NCI were measured based on the results of the valence band and band gap energy obtained via XPS and DRS, and then the energy level diagram of Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 NCI was proposed. The photocatalytic degradation of phenol at Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 NCI with different loading ratios of Ti0.7W0.3O2 NPs was investigated under optimum conditions (i.e., pH of 4.5, catalyst dosage of 0.45 g L-1 and phenol initial concentration of 95 ppm) under the illumination of ultraviolet visible light. Also, 5 wt% Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 NCI exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, with the initial rate constant (k) calculated as 0.09111 min-1. After recycling six times, Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 NCI showed good stability and recyclability. The involvement of superoxide radicals in the initial reaction at Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 NCI was evidenced by the use of a terephthalic acid (TA) fluorescent probe. Besides, UV-Vis spectroscopy, UHPLC-MS and GC-MS technologies were used to analyze the main intermediates in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The probable photocatalytic degradation mechanism of phenol at Ti0.7W0.3O2/TiO2 NCI was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
- JiangXi Institute for Veterinary Drug and Feedstuffs Control Nanchang 330096 PR China
| | - Rendan Zhou
- Analysis and Testing Center, Nan Chang University Nanchang 330047 P. R. China
| | - Leyan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
| | - Han Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
| | - Longzhen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
| | - Zanru Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Jiao Tong University Nanchang 330013 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxiang Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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Minhui W, Jun S, Chao D, Huiping D. Binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine supported on manganese octahedral molecular sieve: High-efficiency catalyzer of peroxymonosulfate decomposition for degrading propranolol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:97-106. [PMID: 31176826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Propranolol (PRO) is widely detected in the aquatic environment and proved to be detrimental to multifarious aquatic organisms. In view of some virtues of sulfate radicals than hydroxyl radicals, advanced oxidation technologies that involve the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have stimulated wide-ranging research on the PRO removal. In this paper, a composite (C2NOMS-2) of amino-functionalized manganese octahedral molecular sieve (NOMS-2) and binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine (Co2CPc) was synthesized easily, and utilized as a catalyzer for PMS to degrade PRO in water. The apparent rate constants of PRO degradation by PMS with C2NOMS-2 as a catalyst was found to be higher than with NOMS-2, Co2CPc and the composite of uninuclear cobalt phthalocyanine (CoCPc) and NOMS-2. The catalytic ability of C2NOMS-2 was investigated under various reaction conditions: catalyst dosages (0.5-2.0 g/L), PMS doses (50-500 mg/L), initial pH (5-11), reaction temperature (20-35 °C), and natural water constituents (Cl-, HCO3-, and sodium huminate). Radical scavenging tests and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that 1O2 was the most critical reactive oxygen species, and conceivable mechanisms of PMS activation with C2NOMS-2 were proposed established on the curve estimation of high-resolution XPS spectra, revealing that the generation of reactive oxygen species was mainly resulted from the cycles of Mn3+/Mn4+, Co3+/Co2+ and surface lattice oxygen/surface adsorbed oxygen. The intermediate products of propranolol degradation were identified by LC-MS/MS. Cycling experiments and ion dissolution detection suggested that C2NOMS-2 could maintain satisfactory stability in an aqueous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Minhui
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shi Jun
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ding Chao
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Deng Huiping
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Xu J, Zhao L, Hou W, Guo H, Zhang H. Dependence of morphology, substrate and thickness of iron phthalocyanine thin films on the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effect of carrier and axial ligand on the photocatalytic activity of cobalt thioporphyrazine. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(16)62580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ledwaba M, Masilela N, Nyokong T, Antunes E. Surface modification of silica-coated gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with zinc tetracarboxyphenoxy phthalocyanine for the photodegradation of Orange G. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Vallejo W, Diaz-Uribe C, Cantillo Á. Methylene blue photocatalytic degradation under visible irradiation on TiO2 thin films sensitized with Cu and Zn tetracarboxy-phthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Wu Y, Luo H, Wang H, Zhang L, Liu P, Feng L. Fast adsorption of nickel ions by porous graphene oxide/sawdust composite and reuse for phenol degradation from aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 436:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Li D, Ge S, Huang J, Gong J, Wang T, Yan P, Li G, Ding L. Photocatalytic chromogenic identification of chlorophenol pollutants by manganese phthalocyanine under sunlight irradiation. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Modisha P, Nyokong T, Antunes E. Photodegradation of Orange-G using zinc octacarboxyphthalocyanine supported on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Dubinina TV, Tomilova LG, Zefirov NS. Synthesis of phthalocyanines with an extended system of π-electron conjugation. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n09abeh004353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Yang Y, Liang H, Zhu N, Zhao Y, Guo C, Liu L. New type of [Bi6O6(OH)3](NO3)3·1.5H2O sheets photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity on degradation of phenol. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:701-707. [PMID: 23953139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new type of [Bi6O6(OH)3](NO3)3·1.5H2O sheets photocatalyst was synthesized via a hydrothermal route. The photocatalytic properties were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and UV spectroscopy. It exhibited slightly better photocatalytic activity on phenol degradation than that of classic TiO2 P25 under UV illumination. Hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, and benzoquinone were identified as photodegradation intermediates. It has the advantages of high effective photodegradation efficiency and easy separation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Xing R, Wu L, Fei Z, Wu P. Mesopolymer modified with palladium phthalocyaninesulfonate as a versatile photocatalyst for phenol and bisphenol A degradation under visible light irradiation. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1687-1695. [PMID: 24520709 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel versatile photocatalyst, FDU-PdPcS, was prepared by immobilizing palladium phthalocyaninesulfonate (PdPcS) onto the FDU-15 mesopolymer via multi-step chemical modification processes involving chloromethylation of the FDU-15 mesopolymer first with chloromethyl methyl ether, a subsequent amination reaction with ethylenediamine, and finally modification with palladium phthalocyaninesulfonate via ionic interaction. The obtained FDU-PdPcS photocatalyst was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectrosopy and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques. This photocatalyst not only affords a high dispersion of monomeric PdPcS molecules, which may further be stabilized by the pi-electron of benzene rings of FDU-15, but also provides a number of diamino groups inside the mesopores, which could be advantageous for the photodegradation of phenolic pollutants. In photodegradation studies of phenolic pollutants, the FDU-PdPcS catalyst exhibited excellent visible light photocatalytic activity and reusability. The photodegradation products of phenol and bisphenol A were investigated by the gas chromatoghraphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results showed that the photodegradation products were composed of carboxylic acids and CO2. Isopropanol, sodium azide and benzoquinone were used as hydroxyl radical (OH*), singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical (O2*-) scavengers, respectively. The results suggested that 1O2 and O2*- were the prominent active species during the photodegradation process. A possible mechanism for the photodegradation of phenol was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xing
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Zhenghao Fei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Bielicka-Daszkiewicz K, Krawczyk P, Nowicka K. Examination of benzoquinone electrooxidation pathway as crucial step of phenol degradation process. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Lei Y, Sun J, Yang C, Deng K, Wang D. Preparation and properties of sulfur-containing tetraazaporphyrin iron supported on anion-exchange resin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An anion-resin carrying the catalyst iron(II) tetra(1,4-dithin)porphyrazine, ( Fe (II) Pz ( dtn )4/resin), may effectively interact with the lone-pair electron of the sulfur in the Fe (II) Pz ( dtn )4 to keep the absorption for the catalyst molecule, which can efficiently activate molecular oxygen coordinated with iron(II) on the axial orientation of Fe (II) Pz ( dtn )4 through electron transfer in a heterogeneous process. On the other hand, the hydrophilic property of the resin also facilitates adsorption of the anion-substrates in the aqueous solution onto the unoccupied resin surface to increase the substrate concentration around the Fe (II) Pz ( dtn )4 and the contact probability between the substrate with activated molecular oxygen to promote the oxidative degradation of these adsorbed substrates. The stability and repeatability of the Fe (II) Pz ( dtn )4/resin were determined by some control experiments. The results indicate that Fe (II) Pz ( dtn )4 was stable enough in the presence of active oxygen species under irradiation of visible light and could degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants such as rhodamine B and p-nitrobenzoic acid. It can be reused at least 5 cycling runs without losing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Lei
- Key Laboratory for Catalysis and Material Science of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Sience, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Catalysis and Material Science of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Sience, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Changjun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Catalysis and Material Science of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Sience, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Kejian Deng
- Key Laboratory for Catalysis and Material Science of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Sience, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Duoyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Catalysis and Material Science of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Sience, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
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Wöhrle D, Suvorova O, Gerdes R, Bartels O, Lapok L, Baziakina N, Makarov S, Slodek A. Efficient oxidations and photooxidations with molecular oxygen using metal phthalocyanines as catalysts and photocatalysts. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal phthalocyanines can be very efficient as catalysts and photocatalysts in oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen as oxidant. Different types of soluble low molecular weight or oligomeric and insoluble heterogeneous catalysts and photocatalysts were developed. The heterogeneous metal phthalocyanines exist either impregnated on SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, charcoal and TiO 2 or covalently and coordinatively bound on SiO 2 and organic polymers or ionically bound on an organic ion exchanger. The catalytic oxidations of toxic sulfide and thiol derivative are studied. In addition, toxic phenols were employed as substrates for the photooxidation. Heterogeneous catalysts can exhibit higher activities then low molecular weight phthalocyanines. These systems exhibit a good stability for re-use. Photooxidations are more efficient than oxidations. A Si(IV) phthalocyanine derivative on a polymer ion exchanger is most active and stable. Also some examples for photooxidations in the direction of photochemical synthesis are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wöhrle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Olga Suvorova
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Robert Gerdes
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bartels
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lukasz Lapok
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Natalia Baziakina
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Serguei Makarov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aneta Slodek
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
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Zhao P, Woo JW, Park YS, Song Y, Zhang F. Synthesis of polymeric phthalocyanine sulfonate photosensitizer and its photodegradation on rhodamine B in aqueous medium. Macromol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-010-0502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen X, Zou J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Huang J. Preparation of magnetic silica nanoparticle-supported iron tetra-carboxyl phthalocyanine catalyst and its photocatalytic properties. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:552-557. [PMID: 20482976 DOI: 10.1366/000370210791211718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Iron tetra-carboxyl phthalocyanine (TCFePc) was covalently immobilized to the surface of core-shell magnetite silica nanoparticles (NPs) as facilely separated supported catalyst, namely P-M SiO(2) NPs, for catalyzing the degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy were used to characterize the sample. The photocatalytic activity of P-M SiO(2) NPs was determined using rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) as the objective decomposition substances. The results revealed that the novel supported catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity over a wide pH range, and the degradation rate of RhB and MO is up to 90% during 120 min of reaction. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the catalyst can be easily separated using an external magnetic field and employed directly for the next round of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China.
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Tang J, Chen L, Sun J, Lv K, Deng K. Synthesis and properties of iron(II) tetra(1,4-dithiin)porphyrazine bearing peripheral long-chain alkyl group of active end-bromine. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu H, Cui C, Song Q, Wang H, Wu A. Theoretical study of the peroxidation of chlorophenols in gas phase and aqueous solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Preparation, chemical modification and absorption properties of various phthalocyanines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-008-0003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cojocaru B, Neaţu Ş, Pârvulescu VI, Dumbuya K, Steinrück HP, Michael Gottfried J, Aprile C, Garcia H, Scaiano JC. Band gap effect on the photocatalytic activity of supramolecular structures obtained by entrapping photosensitizers in different inorganic supports. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:5569-77. [DOI: 10.1039/b902348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kluson P, Drobek M, Kalaji A, Zarubova S, Krysa J, Rakusan J. Singlet oxygen photogeneration efficiencies of a series of phthalocyanines in well-defined spectral regions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Liu L, Liu H, Zhao YP, Wang Y, Duan Y, Gao G, Ge M, Chen W. Directed synthesis of hierarchical nanostructured TiO2 catalysts and their morphology-dependent photocatalysis for phenol degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:2342-8. [PMID: 18504963 DOI: 10.1021/es070980o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured TiO2 with different hierarchical morphologies were synthesized via a warmly hydrothermal route. The properties of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, UV-vis spectroscopy, etc. Two of the products, TiO2 1D nanorods (one-dimensional rutile TiO2 nanorods) and TiO2 3D0D microspheres (three-dimensional anatase TiO2 nanoparticle-assembled microspheres) exhibited superior photocatalytic effects on phenol degradation under UV illumination, compared with TiO2 3D1D microspheres (three-dimensional rutile TiO2 nanorods-assembled microspheres). Moreover, TiO2 3D0D was superior to TiO2 1D, as indicated by a 30% higher mineralization of dissolved phenol. Dihydroxybenze, 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, benzoquinone, maleic anhydride, etc. were identified as the degradation intermediates. The excellent catalytic effect was attributed to the structural features of TiO2 1D nanorods and TiO2 3D0D microspheres, that is, a larger amount of surface active sites and a higher band gap energy resulted in more efficient decomposition of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Yang C, Sun J, Deng K, Wang D. Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of iron(II)tetramethyl- tetra(1,4-dithiin)porphyrazine. CATAL COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Huijser A, Suijkerbuijk BMJM, Klein Gebbink RJM, Savenije TJ, Siebbeles. Efficient Exciton Transport in Layers of Self-Assembled Porphyrin Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2485-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja075162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Huijser
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M. J. M. Suijkerbuijk
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J. Savenije
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Siebbeles
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sulphonated phthalocyanines as effective oxidation photocatalysts for visible and UV light regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Mele G, Del Sole R, Vasapollo G, Marcì G, Garcìa-Lopez E, Palmisano L, Coronado JM, Hernández-Alonso MD, Malitesta C, Guascito MR. TRMC, XPS, and EPR characterizations of polycrystalline TiO2 porphyrin impregnated powders and their catalytic activity for 4-nitrophenol photodegradation in aqueous suspension. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:12347-52. [PMID: 16852524 DOI: 10.1021/jp044253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of polycrystalline TiO(2) bare or porphyrin impregnated powders, used as photocatalysts for the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in aqueous suspension, was performed by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements and electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. The presence of porphyrin sensitizers, as the metal-free or Cu [5,10,15,20-tetra (4-tert-butylphenyl)] porphyrin, impregnated onto the TiO(2) surface improved the photocatalytic activity of the bare TiO(2). TRMC measurements indicate that the number and lifetime of the photoinduced excess charge carriers increase in the presence of the macrocycles, and EPR and XPS spectroscopies support the mechanistic hypotheses based on the photoreactivity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mele
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università di Lecce, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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31
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Photocatalytic oxidation of phenol in aqueous solutions with oxygen catalyzed by supported metallophthalocyanine catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-007-0055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Wu L, Li A, Gao G, Fei Z, Xu S, Zhang Q. Efficient photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution catalyzed by polydivinylbenzene-supported zinc phthalocyanine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Çimen Y, Türk H. Oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol with tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by iron phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate in a methanol–water mixture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Synthesis and electrochemical properties of benzyl-mercapto and dodecyl-mercapto tetrasubstituted manganese phthalocyanine complexes. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shinohara H, Tsaryova O, Schnurpfeil G, Wöhrle D. Differently substituted phthalocyanines: Comparison of calculated energy levels, singlet oxygen quantum yields, photo-oxidative stabilities, photocatalytic and catalytic activities. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Agboola B, Ozoemena KI, Nyokong T. Synthesis and electrochemical characterisation of benzylmercapto and dodecylmercapto tetra substituted cobalt, iron, and zinc phthalocyanines complexes. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Negishi N, He F, Matsuzawa S, Takeuchi K, Ohno K. Wave-guide type photoreactor for water purification. CR CHIM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Chen Z, Liang F, Tang X, Chen M, Song L, Hu R. Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Two Nitrilotriacetate Cobalt Complexes: [{CoK2(NTA)(Hmta)(H2O)3}NO3]n and [{Co(4,4′-bpy)2(H2O)4}{Co2(NTA)2(4,4′-bpy)(H2O)2}]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200500287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Tai C, Jiang G, Liu J, Zhou Q, Liu J. Rapid degradation of bisphenol A using air as the oxidant catalyzed by polynuclear phthalocyanine complexes under visible light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lebedeva NS, Pavlycheva NA, V’yugin AI, Davydova OI, Maizlish VE, Shaposhnikov GP. Aggregative Properties of Water-soluble Metal Phthalocyanines in a Borate Buffer Solution. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11176-005-0288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Aggregation properties of water-soluble metal p hthalocyanines: effect of ionic strength of solution. Russ Chem Bull 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-005-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Alvaro M, Carbonell E, Fornés V, García H. Novel photocatalysts containing 2,4,6-triphenylthiapyrylium encapsulated within zeolites. Enhanced photocatalytic activity as compared to the pyrylium analogues. NEW J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b313382f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Synthesis, spectroscopy and photochemistry of octasubstituted thiol-derivatized phthalocyaninatozinc(II) complexes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(03)00218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Iliev V. Phthalocyanine-modified titania—catalyst for photooxidation of phenols by irradiation with visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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