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Dwivedi M, Jindal D, Jose S, Hasan S, Nayak P. Elements in trace amount with a significant role in human physiology: a tumor pathophysiological and diagnostic aspects. J Drug Target 2024; 32:270-286. [PMID: 38251986 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2309572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has a devastating impact globally regardless of gender, age, and community, which continues its severity to the population due to the lack of efficient strategy for the cancer diagnosis and treatment. According to the World Health Organisation report, one out of six people dies due to this deadly cancer and we need effective strategies to regulate it. In this context, trace element has a very hidden and unexplored role and require more attention from investigators. The variation in concentration of trace elements was observed during comparative studies on a cancer patient and a healthy person making them an effective target for cancer regulation. The percentage of trace elements present in the human body depends on environmental exposure, food habits, and habitats and could be instrumental in the early diagnosis of cancer. In this review, we have conducted inclusive analytics on trace elements associated with the various types of cancers and explored the several methods involved in their analysis. Further, intricacies in the correlation of trace elements with prominent cancers like prostate cancer, breast cancer, and leukaemia are represented in this review. This comprehensive information on trace elements proposes their role during cancer and as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
- Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Sandra Jose
- MET's School of Engineering, Thrissur, India
| | - Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Pradeep Nayak
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Bryan RT, Pirrie SJ, Abbotts B, Maycock S, During V, Lewis C, Grant M, Bird D, Devall AJ, Wallace DMA, James ND, Billingham LJ, Zeegers MP, Cheng KK. Selenium and Vitamin E for Prevention of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Progression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2337494. [PMID: 37847504 PMCID: PMC10582794 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Selenium and vitamin E have been identified as promising agents for the chemoprevention of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Objective To determine whether selenium and/or vitamin E may prevent disease recurrence in patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial included patients with newly diagnosed NMIBC recruited from 10 secondary or tertiary care hospitals in the UK. A total of 755 patients were screened for inclusion; 484 did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 1 declined to participate. A total of 270 patients were randomly assigned to 4 groups (selenium plus placebo, vitamin E plus placebo, selenium plus vitamin E, and placebo plus placebo) in a double-blind fashion between July 17, 2007, and October 10, 2011. Eligibility included initial diagnosis of NMIBC (stages Ta, T1, or Tis); randomization within 12 months of first transurethral resection was required. Interventions Oral selenium (200 μg/d of high-selenium yeast) and matched vitamin E placebo, vitamin E (200 IU/d of d-alfa-tocopherol) and matched selenium placebo, selenium and vitamin E, or placebo and placebo. Main Outcome and Measures Recurrence-free interval (RFI) on an intention-to-treat basis (analyses completed on November 28, 2022). Results The study randomized 270 patients (mean [SD] age, 68.9 [10.4] years; median [IQR] age, 69 [63-77] years; 202 male [75%]), with 65 receiving selenium and vitamin E placebo, 71 receiving vitamin E and selenium placebo, 69 receiving selenium and vitamin E, and 65 receiving both placebos. Median overall follow-up was 5.5 years (IQR, 5.1-6.1 years); 228 patients (84%) were followed up for more than 5 years. Median treatment duration was 1.5 years (IQR, 0.9-2.5 years). The study was halted because of slow accrual. For selenium (n = 134) vs no selenium (n = 136), there was no difference in RFI (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.65-1.31; P = .65). For vitamin E (n = 140) vs no vitamin E (n = 130), there was a statistically significant detriment to RFI (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02-2.09; P = .04). No significant differences were observed for progression-free interval or overall survival time with either supplement. Results were unchanged after Cox proportional hazards regression modeling to adjust for known prognostic factors. In total, 1957 adverse events were reported; 85 were serious adverse events, and all were considered unrelated to trial treatment. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of selenium and vitamin E, selenium supplementation did not reduce the risk of recurrence in patients with NMIBC, but vitamin E supplementation was associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Neither selenium nor vitamin E influenced progression or overall survival. Vitamin E supplementation may be harmful to patients with NMIBC, and elucidation of the underlying biology is required. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN13889738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Bryan
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Pirrie
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Abbotts
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shanna Maycock
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vinnie During
- Department of Urology, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Margaret Grant
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Bird
- Bladder Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Devall
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D. Michael A. Wallace
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D. James
- Prostate and Bladder Cancer Research Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucinda J. Billingham
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice P. Zeegers
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- MPB holding, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - K. K. Cheng
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qiao S. Methylseleninic acid induces apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23387. [PMID: 37247193 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As the most common selenium derivative, methylseleninic acid (MSA) has attracted wide attention. Its apoptotic induction ability and the possible molecular mechanism in human bladder cancer (BC) J82 and T24 cells were investigated in the present study. We found that the survival of J82 and T24 cells were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner after MSA treatment. Propidium iodide (PI) staining and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI double staining clarified that MSA stocked cells at G2 /M phase and caused apoptosis in J82 and T24 cells. Further, typical morphological features of apoptotic cells were also observed. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were also detected by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and Rhodamin123 staining. Meanwhile, pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenging agent, found that the apoptosis of BC cells induced by MSA was related to the production of ROS. Western blot analysis results showed that MSA interrupted Bax/Bcl-2 balance, stimulated cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, and finally induced the apoptosis of the BC cells. These findings demonstrated that MSA was able to induce apoptosis in J82 and T24 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Saifeng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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A FRET-ICT Dual-Modulated Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensor for Monitoring and Bio-Imaging of Cellular Selenocysteine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214999. [PMID: 33126726 PMCID: PMC7663636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the fluctuation of cellular selenocysteine (Sec) concentration plays an all-important role in the development of numerous human disorders, the real-time fluorescence detection of Sec in living systems has attracted plenty of interest during the past decade. In order to obtain a faster and more sensitive small organic molecule fluorescence sensor for the Sec detection, a new ratiometric fluorescence sensor Q7 was designed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy with coumarin fluorophore as energy donor and 4-hydroxy naphthalimide fluorophore (with 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonate as fluorescence signal quencher and Sec-selective recognition site) as an energy acceptor. The sensor Q7 exhibited only a blue fluorescence signal, and displayed two well distinguished emission bands (blue and green) in the presence of Sec with ∆λ of 68 nm. Moreover, concentrations ranging of quantitative detection of Sec of Q7 was from 0 to 45 μM (limit of detection = 6.9 nM), with rapid ratiometric response, high sensitivity and selectivity capability. Impressively, the results of the living cell imaging test demonstrated Q7 has the potentiality of being an ideal sensor for real-time Sec detection in biosystems.
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Soukupová K, Rudolf E. Suppression of proliferation and activation of cell death by sodium selenite involves mitochondria and lysosomes in chemoresistant bladder cancer cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:58-67. [PMID: 30732900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The specific effects of sodium selenite (selenite) on a chemoresistant human bladder cancer cell line RT-112/D21 were investigated during 72 h. Selenite at low concentration of 2.5 μmol (otherwise tolerated in normal urothelial cells UROtsa) suppressed growth and proliferation of the tested cancer cells via induced oxidative stress. Selenite further altered mitochondrial functions (i.e. decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased production of superoxide and reduced ATP synthesis), disrupted lysosomal membranes and activated autophagy. These changes in selenite-exposed cells ultimately resulted in their demise via necrosis and other cell death modality displaying heterotypic apoptotic and autophagic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Soukupová
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - E Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Elevated urinary total sialic acid and increased oxidative stress in patients with bladder cancer. ASIAN BIOMED 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/abm-2010-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Increased production and release of sialic acid have been reported in many malignant conditions including bladder cancer. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) have been widely used as oxidative stress biomarkers. Objective: Determine urinary levels of total sialic acid (TSA), 8-OHdG, and MDA in patients with urinary bladder cancer, and evaluate their clinical relevance. Patients and methods: Forty-five patients with histologically proven bladder cancer and 41 healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Morning urine samples were collected from all participants for measurements of TSA, 8-OHdG and MDA using thiobarbituric assay, competitive ELISA and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. Histological examination was performed for all patients. Results: Bladder cancer patients excreted urinary TSA, 8-OHdG, and MDA significantly higher than healthy controls. Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, urinary TSA had adequate diagnostic potential to distinguish patients from healthy populations, and its cutoff value was chosen at 95.26 μg/g creatinine. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of urinary TSA determination were 75.6%, 75.6%, and 75.6%, respectively. Both in patient and healthy groups, urinary TSA was linearly correlated with urinary 8-OHdG. Patients with highseverity grade (n=27) excreted urinary TSA significantly greater than those with low-severity grade (n=18). Conclusion: Urinary TSA, 8-OHdG, and MDA increased in patients with bladder cancer. The elevated urinary TSA was associated with enhanced oxidative stress. In addition, urinary TSA increased with progressiveness of the tumor.
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Grotto D, Carneiro MFH, de Castro MM, Garcia SC, Barbosa Junior F. Long-Term Excessive Selenium Supplementation Induces Hypertension in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018. [PMID: 28634813 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element involved in several biological pathways, naturally found in rocks, soils, and food. Even though the daily requirement of Se is achieved through a balanced diet, the use of Se supplements has been frequent. Due to the risk of toxic effects of having Se in excess, supplementation is still under debate. The aim was to evaluate the effects of long-term Se supplementation upon systolic blood pressure (SBP) and redox status of rats exposed to sodium selenite. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 2 and 6 mg/L of sodium selenite in drinking water for 85 days. SBP and body weight were evaluated weekly; oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in blood or plasma; and Se levels were assessed in blood, plasma, kidney, and liver. Se supplementation (2 and 6 mg/L) induced significant increase in the SBP in rats from the 42nd day until the end of the study. This increase on SBP was not associated with significant changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. A significant increase in Se levels was found in whole blood, kidney, and liver from both groups of rats receiving Se supplementation when compared to control. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this augment in SBP are not clear, they are potentially related to other Se biological routes besides the synthesis of selenoproteins, such as GSH-Px. Due to the negative effects upon blood pressure, precautionary measures are advised, since the selling of supplements does not require a medical prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Barbosa Junior
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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8
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Goossens ME, Zeegers MP, van Poppel H, Joniau S, Ackaert K, Ameye F, Billiet I, Braeckman J, Breugelmans A, Darras J, Dilen K, Goeman L, Tombal B, Van Bruwaene S, Van Cleyenbreugel B, Van der Aa F, Vekemans K, Buntinx F. Phase III randomised chemoprevention study with selenium on the recurrence of non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. The SELEnium and BLAdder cancer Trial. Eur J Cancer 2016; 69:9-18. [PMID: 27814472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Belgium, bladder cancer (BC) is the fifth most common cancer in men. The per-patient lifetime cost is high. Previous epidemiological studies have consistently reported that selenium concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of BC. We therefore hypothesised that selenium may be suitable for chemoprevention of recurrence of BC. METHOD The Selenium and Bladder Cancer Trial (SELEBLAT) was an academic phase III placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial designed to determine the effect of selenium on recurrence of non-invasive urothelial carcinoma conducted in 14 Belgian hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned by a computer program to oral selenium yeast 200 μg once a day or placebo for three years, in addition to standard care. All study personnel and participants were blinded to treatment assignment for the duration of the study. All randomised patients were included in the intention to treat (ITT) and safety analyses. Per protocol analyses (PPAs) included all patients in the study three months after start date. RESULTS Between September 18, 2009 and April 18, 2013, 151 and 141 patients were randomised in the selenium and placebo group. Patients were followed until December 31, 2015. The ITT analysis resulted in 43 (28%; 95% CI, 0.21-0.35) and 45 (32%; 95% CI, 0.24-0.40) recurrences in the selenium and placebo group. The hazard ratio (HR) was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.56-1.29; p = 0.44) while the HR for the PPA resulted in 42 and 39 (28%; 95% CI, 0.20-0.35) recurrences in the selenium and placebo group (HR = 0.96 [95% CI, 0.62-1.48]; p = 0.93). CONCLUSION Selenium supplementation does not lower the probability of recurrence in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Goossens
- Department of General Practice, University of Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, Bus 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- University of Maastricht, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Koen Ackaert
- Department of Urology, Sint-Elisabethziekenhuis, Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Filip Ameye
- Department of Urology, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jochen Darras
- Department of Urology, AZ Damiaan, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Kurt Dilen
- Department of Urology, Jessa ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lieven Goeman
- Department of Urology, Heilig Hartziekenhuis, Roeselaere, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Tombal
- Department of Urology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussel, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Kris Vekemans
- Department of Urology, Jessa ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Frank Buntinx
- Department of General Practice, University of Leuven, ACHG-KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, Blok J, Bus 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Sonet J, Bulteau AL, Chavatte L, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL, Callejón-Leblic B, Nischwitz V, Theiner S, Galvez L, Koellensperger G, Keppler BK, Roman M, Barbante C, Neth K, Bornhorst J, Michalke B. Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Metallomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527694907.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Sonet
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5254; Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE); Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64000 Pau France
| | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5254; Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE); Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64000 Pau France
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5254; Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE); Technopôle Hélioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue du Président Pierre Angot 64000 Pau France
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- University of Huelva; Department of Chemistry, Campus El Carmen; Fuerzas Armadas Ave 21007 Huelva Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez-Ariza
- University of Huelva, Research Center of Health and Environment (CYSMA); Campus El Carmen; Fuerzas Armadas Ave 21007 Huelva Spain
| | - Belén Callejón-Leblic
- University of Huelva; Department of Chemistry, Campus El Carmen; Fuerzas Armadas Ave 21007 Huelva Spain
| | - Volker Nischwitz
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics; Analytics (ZEA-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Sarah Theiner
- University of Vienna; Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Waehringer Strasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Luis Galvez
- University of Vienna, Research Platform ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’; Waehringer Strasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- University of Vienna, Department of Analytical Chemistry; Waehringer Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- University of Vienna; Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Waehringer Strasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Marco Roman
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS); Via Torino 155 30172 Venice Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- National Research Council; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR); Via Torino 155 30172 Venice Italy
| | - Katharina Neth
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH; Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- University of Potsdam; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH; Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry; Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 85764 Neuherberg Germany
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Dugué PA, Hodge AM, Brinkman MT, Bassett JK, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Hopper JL, English DR, Milne RL, Giles GG. Association between selected dietary scores and the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma: A prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1251-60. [PMID: 27149545 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the association of food and nutrient consumption with the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) have produced mixed results. We used three common dietary scores, the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to assess the evidence of an association between diet and the risk of UCC. Over a median follow-up time of 21.3 years, 379 incident UCC cases were diagnosed. Dietary scores were calculated using data from a 121-item food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. We used Cox models to compute hazard ratios (HR) for the association between dietary scores (per one standard deviation) and UCC risk. In order to reflect overall adherence to a healthy diet, a metascore was constructed by summing the quintiles of each of the three scores. None of the dietary scores was associated with the risk of UCC overall. A healthier diet was found to be inversely associated with the risk of invasive (MDS: HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-1.00, metascore: HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.98), but not superficial disease (heterogeneity between subtypes p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Results were consistent but weaker for the DII and the AHEI-2010. We found some evidence of effect modification by smoking, in particular for the metascore (Current: HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.58-1.01, Former: HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.92, Never: HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.81-1.26, p for heterogeneity = 0.05). A healthy diet may be protective against the risk of invasive, but not superficial, UCC. Promoting healthy dietary habits may help lower the risk of invasive UCC, especially for current and former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maree T Brinkman
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.,Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hinrichsen S, Planer-Friedrich B. Cytotoxic activity of selenosulfate versus selenite in tumor cells depends on cell line and presence of amino acids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8349-8357. [PMID: 26780055 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on acute cytotoxicity studies, selenosulfate (SeSO3 (-)) has been suggested to possess a generally higher toxic activity in tumor cells than selenite. The reason for this difference in cytotoxic activity remained unclear. In the present study, cytotoxicity tests with human hepatoma (HepG2), malignant melanoma (A375), and urinary bladder carcinoma cells (T24) showed that the selenosulfate toxicity was very similar between all three tested cell lines (IC50 6.6-7.1 μM after 24 h). It was largely independent of exposure time and presence or absence of amino acids. What changed, however, was the toxicity of selenite, which was lower than that of selenosulfate only for HepG2 cells (IC50 > 15 μM), but similar to and higher than that of selenosulfate for A375 (IC50 4.7 μM) and T24 cells (IC50 3.5 μM), respectively. Addition of amino acids to T24 cell growth medium downregulated short-term selenite uptake (1.5 versus 12.9 ng Se/10(6) cells) and decreased its cytotoxicity (IC50 8.4 μM), rendering it less toxic than selenosulfate. The suggested mechanism is a stronger expression of the xc (-) transport system in the more sensitive T24 compared to HepG2 cells which creates a reductive extracellular microenvironment and facilitates selenite uptake by reduction. Selenosulfate is already reduced and so less affected. The cytotoxic activity of selenosulfate and selenite to tumor cells therefore depends on the sensitivity of each cell line, supplements like amino acids as well as the reductive state of the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinikka Hinrichsen
- Environmental Geochemistry, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Britta Planer-Friedrich
- Environmental Geochemistry, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Wang Y, Li W, Yang Y, Zeng Q, Wong KH, Li X, Chen T. An integrin-targeting nanosystem as a carrier of the selenadiazole derivative to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, from rational design to action mechanisms. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:9374-9382. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein an integrin-targeting nanosystem is rationally designed and used as a carrier of a selenadiazole derivative to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Wenying Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Yahui Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Qinsong Zeng
- Department of Urology
- General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA
- Guangzhou 510010
- China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
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Youngren SR, Mulik R, Jun B, Hoffmann PR, Morris KR, Chougule MB. Freeze-dried targeted mannosylated selenium-loaded nanoliposomes: development and evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:1012-24. [PMID: 23797303 PMCID: PMC3755142 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-9988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to develop and evaluate freeze-dried mannosylated liposomes for the targeted delivery of selenium. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, distearoylphosphatidylglycerol, and cholesterol were dissolved in a chloroform and methanol mixture and allowed to form a thin film within a rotatory evaporator. This thin film was hydrated with a sodium selenite (5.8 μM) solution to form multilamellar vesicles and homogenized under high pressure to yield unilamellar nanoliposomes. Se-loaded nanoliposomes were mannosylated by 0.1% w/v mannosamine (Man-Lip-Se) prior to being lyophilized. Mannosamine concentration was optimized with cellular uptake studies in M receptor expressing cells. Non-lyophilized and lyophilized Man-Lip-Se were characterized for size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The influence of liposomal composition on the characteristics of Man-Lip-Se were evaluated using acidic and basic medium for 24 h. Thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction were used to determine the interaction of components within the Man-Lip-Se. The size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of the optimum Man-Lip-Se were observed to be 158 ± 28.9 nm, 33.21 ± 0.89 mV, and 77.27 ± 2.34%, respectively. An in vitro Se release of 70-75% up to 24 h in PBS pH 6.8 and <8% Se release in acidic media (0.1 N HCl) in 1 h was observed. The Man-Lip-Se were found to withstand gastric-like environments and showed sustained release. Stable freeze-dried Man-Lip-Se were successfully formulated with a size of <200 nm, ≈ 75% entrapment, and achieved controlled release of Se with stability under acidic media, which may be of importance in the targeted delivery of Se to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. Youngren
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 USA
| | - Rohit Mulik
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 USA
| | - Byoung Jun
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 USA
| | - Peter R. Hoffmann
- />Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, 651 Ilalo St, Honolulu, Hawaii USA
| | - Kenneth R. Morris
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 USA
| | - Mahavir B. Chougule
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 USA
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Guo KF, Zhang Z, Wang JY, Gao SL, Liu J, Zhan B, Chen ZP, Kong CZ. Variation of Urinary and Serum Trace Elements (Ca, Zn, Cu, Se) in Bladder Carcinoma in China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:2057-61. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Wang D, Taylor EW, Wang Y, Wan X, Zhang J. Encapsulated nanoepigallocatechin-3-gallate and elemental selenium nanoparticles as paradigms for nanochemoprevention. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1711-21. [PMID: 22619522 PMCID: PMC3356175 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s29341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention that impedes one or more steps in carcinogenesis, via long-term administration of naturally occurring or synthetic compounds, is widely considered to be a crucial strategy for cancer control. Selenium (Se) has chemopreventive effects, but its application is limited due to a low therapeutic index as shown in numerous animal experiments. In contrast to Se, which was known for its toxicity prior to the discovery of its beneficial effects, the natural compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was originally considered to be nontoxic. Due to its preventive effects on many types of cancer in various animal models, EGCG has been regarded as a prime example of a promising chemopreventive agent without major toxicity concerns. However, very recently, evidence has accumulated showing that efficacious doses of EGCG used in health promotion may not be far from its toxic dose level. Therefore, both Se and EGCG need to be modified by novel pharmaceutical technologies to attain enhanced efficacy and/or reduced toxicity. Nanotechnology may be one of these technologies. In support of this hypothesis, the characteristics of polylactic acid and polyethylene glycol-encapsulated nano-EGCG and elemental Se nanoparticles dispersed by bovine serum albumin are reviewed in this article. Encapsulation of EGCG to form nano-EGCG leads to its enhanced stability in plasma and remarkably superior chemopreventive effects, with more than tenfold dose advantages in inducing apoptosis and inhibition of both angiogenesis and tumor growth. Se at nanoparticle size (“Nano-Se”), compared with Se compounds commonly used in dietary supplements, has significantly lower toxicity, without compromising its ability to upregulate selenoenzymes at nutritional levels and induce phase II enzymes at supranutritional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Designing the selenium and bladder cancer trial (SELEBLAT), a phase lll randomized chemoprevention study with selenium on recurrence of bladder cancer in Belgium. BMC Urol 2012; 12:8. [PMID: 22436453 PMCID: PMC3352119 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Belgium, bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in males (5.2%) and the sixth most frequent cause of death from cancer in males (3.8%). Previous epidemiological studies have consistently reported that selenium concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer. This suggests that selenium may also be suitable for chemoprevention of recurrence. Method The SELEBLAT study opened in September 2009 and is still recruiting all patients with non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder on TURB operation in 15 Belgian hospitals. Recruitment progress can be monitored live at http://www.seleblat.org. Patients are randomly assigned to selenium yeast (200 μg/day) supplementation for 3 years or matching placebo, in addition to standard care. The objective is to determine the effect of selenium on the recurrence of bladder cancer. Randomization is stratified by treatment centre. A computerized algorithm randomly assigns the patients to a treatment arm. All study personnel and participants are blinded to treatment assignment for the duration of the study. Design The SELEnium and BLAdder cancer Trial (SELEBLAT) is a phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, academic, double-blind superior trial. Discussion This is the first report on a selenium randomized trial in bladder cancer patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00729287
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Brinkman MT, Buntinx F, Kellen E, Dagnelie PC, Van Dongen MCJM, Muls E, Zeegers MP. Dietary intake of micronutrients and the risk of developing bladder cancer: results from the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22:469-78. [PMID: 21203820 PMCID: PMC3042097 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effect of dietary intake of micronutrients that are metabolized and excreted via the urinary tract on bladder cancer risk. METHODS A semi-quantitative 322 item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary data from 200 bladder cancer cases and 386 control subjects participating in the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, smoking characteristics, occupational exposures, and energy intake. RESULTS We observed a positive association between calcium intake and bladder cancer (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.00-3.15; p-trend = 0.049) and increased odds, although not statistically significant, for highest tertile of phosphorus intake (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 0.95-3.49; p-trend = 0.06). We identified possible modification of the effects of both calcium and phosphorus by level of magnesium intake. Increased odds of bladder cancer were also observed for participants with highest intake of phosphorus and lowest intake of vitamin D (OR: 4.25; 95% CI: 1.44-12.55) and among older participants with the highest intakes of calcium (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.08-3.36) and phosphorus (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.05-3.92). CONCLUSION The positive associations we observed between bladder cancer and intake of calcium and phosphorus require confirmation by other studies. The balances between inter-related micronutrients also warrant further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree T Brinkman
- Department of General Practice, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Comprehensive Cancer Institute Limburg (LIKAS), Leuven, Belgium.
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Zhang J, Zhan N, Dong WG. Altered expression of selenium-binding protein 1 in gastric carcinoma and precursor lesions. Med Oncol 2010; 28:951-7. [PMID: 20480265 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) has been shown to be greatly reduced in various human cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of SBP1 in precursor lesions and gastric carcinoma (GC) and to discuss the specific role of SBP1 in gastric carcinogenesis. Using tissue microarray (TMA) technology and immunohistochemical (IHC) survey, SBP1 expressions were evaluated based on a semi-quantitative scoring system developed for this study in 25 paired of GC and corresponding nonneoplastic epithelia tissues, 21 gastric ulcer, 13 gastric polyp, 19 chronic atrophic gastritis, 20 intestinal metaplasia, and 16 dysplasia tissues. We found abundant expression of SBP1 in most precursor lesions in addition to the nonneoplastic epithelia tissues. However, the expression of SBP1 was severely suppressed in most of the GC tissues (P=0.000). Although no statistical differences were found between the expressions of SBP1 in gastric tissues with different levels of intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia (P>0.05), the reduction in SBP1 seems to be correlated with clinical stage of GC (P=0.044). Thus, SBP1 can be supposed as a diagnosis marker of GC. The suppression of SBP1 may be a late event in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 # Ziyang Road, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Zhang J, Dong WG, Lin J. Reduced selenium-binding protein 1 is associated with poor survival rate in gastric carcinoma. Med Oncol 2010; 28:481-7. [PMID: 20354826 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) is known to play a key role in the development and progression of many cancers. The role of SBP1 expression in gastric carcinoma (GC) is far from being fully established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of SBP1 in GC and correlate the findings with several clinicopathological features and prognosis. Tissue samples from 65 patients treated by gastric resection for GC with clinical stage II and III were used. Each sample was matched with the corresponding nonneoplastic epithelia tissues removed during the same surgery. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of SBP1 at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The associations between SBP1 expressions and clinicopathological features were analyzed. Expressions of SBP1 at both mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in GC than those in the corresponding nonneoplastic epithelia tissues (P = 0.000). SBP1-negative expression had a significant relationship with high clinical stage (P = 0.038). Prognosis of SBP1-negative patients was significantly poorer than that of SBP1-positive patients (P = 0.001), and multivariate analysis further confirmed that SBP1 was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.004). Thus, down-regulation of SBP1 may play a key role in the tumorigenic process of human GC. The correlation of SBP1 reduction in GC with clinical stage and survival proposes a prognostic role in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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20
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Lin CN, Wang LH, Shen KH. Determining urinary trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, As, and Se) in patients with bladder cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2009; 23:192-5. [PMID: 19455638 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trace elements are essential components of biological structures, but they can be toxic at concentrations beyond those necessary for their biological functions. METHODS A study group of 30 patients with bladder cancer and a control group of 30 healthy volunteers were measured for trace elements using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS Urinary zinc and selenium levels in patients were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in controls, but urinary copper, arsenic, and lead were not significantly different. CONCLUSION This case-control study suggests that zinc and selenium concentrations are associated with the proliferation of bladder cancer cells because zinc and selenium are excreted in the urine of bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ni Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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21
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Lenz M, Lens PNL. The essential toxin: the changing perception of selenium in environmental sciences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:3620-33. [PMID: 18817944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, the perception of selenium has undergone substantial changes. While its toxic effects were recognized causing hair and hoof loss in animals during the 1930s, its essential role in microbial, animal and human metabolism has been recognized later, i.e. with the discovery of selenium deficiency causing "white muscle disease" in feedstock in the 1950s. Nowadays, the positive effect of systematic selenium supplementation is discussed in manifold topics such as cancer or diabetes prevention and avian influenza susceptibility. Treatment of selenium containing waste streams poses a notable challenge to environmental engineers, and to date no ultimate solution has been found for e.g. the selenium contamination in agricultural areas of the western USA. For the future, selenium contamination carries an imminent danger, if the increasing energy demand is covered by fossil fuel combustion, which will lead to major selenium emission and toxicity. This review presents current knowledge of selenium's role in environmental sciences and outlines potentially feasible treatment options targeting a variety of selenium contaminated waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lenz
- Sub-Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wallace K, Kelsey KT, Schned A, Morris JS, Andrew AS, Karagas MR. Selenium and risk of bladder cancer: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:70-3. [PMID: 19139020 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates a potential role of selenium in the prevention of several types of cancer, including bladder cancer. We investigated the association between toenail selenium concentrations and bladder cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in New Hampshire. We analyzed data from 857 incidence cases diagnosed between July 1, 1994 and June 30, 2001 and 1,191 general population controls. Newly diagnosed cases of bladder cancer were identified from the New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, which operates a rapid reporting system. Controls were selected from population lists (driver's license and Medicare enrollment). We used logistic regression analyses to generate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), controlling for age, sex, and pack-years of smoking and conducted separate analyses according to the intensity of p53 immunohistochemical staining of the tumor. Overall, toenail selenium concentrations were not significantly related to bladder cancer [OR Q4 versus Q1, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.68-1.19); P(trend) = 0.15]. However, within specific subgroups there were inverse associations, i.e., among moderate smokers [OR, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.39-0.96); P(trend) = 0.004], women [OR, 0.66 (95% CI, 0.40-1.10); P(trend) = 0.11], and those with p53-positive cancers [OR Q4 versus Q1, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.34-0.94); P(trend) = 0.01]. Our results indicate that selenium is not inversely related to risk of bladder cancer overall; however, they raise the possibility that selenium may be preventive in certain molecular phenotypes of tumors (e.g., p53 positive) or within certain subsets of a population (e.g., women or moderate smokers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wallace
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Dartmouth Medical School, 7927 Rubin Building, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Abstract
Bladder cancer is a major health concern for older males in Western populations. About 30 years ago there was a suggestion that nutrition may have a role in the aetiology of the disease. Although the literature has been accumulating since then, owing to heterogeneity between studies results have often been inconsistent and unclear. The aim of this paper was to present an updated summary of the scientific evidence on the association between nutrition, total fluid intake and bladder cancer. A search of computerized databases, PubMed, ISI, Embase and Cochrane Library, was conducted to identify all epidemiological studies published between 1966 and October 2007. The level of scientific evidence for the various nutritional factors and total fluid intake was ranked according to the number of studies reporting a statistically significant association and the existence of mechanistic evidence. The levels of association were based on a ranking of statistically significant relative risks. Fruit and yellow-orange vegetables, particularly carrots and selenium, are probably associated with a moderately reduced risk of bladder cancer. Citrus fruits and cruciferous vegetables were also identified as having a possible protective effect. Possible risk factors are salted and barbecued meat, pork, total fat, pickled vegetables, salt, soy products, spices and artificial sweeteners. No clear association could be determined for beef, eggs, processed meats and total fluid intake. In conclusion, specific fruit and vegetables may act to reduce the risk of bladder cancer. Future studies on bladder cancer should investigate the effect of food categorization, amount and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Brinkman
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Australia
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Reszka E, Gromadzinska J, Jablonska E, Wasowicz W, Jablonowski Z, Sosnowski M. Level of selenoprotein transcripts in peripheral leukocytes of patients with bladder cancer and healthy individuals. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:1125-32. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thavarajah D, Ruszkowski J, Vandenberg A. High potential for selenium biofortification of lentils ( Lens culinaris L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10747-53. [PMID: 18954072 DOI: 10.1021/jf802307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial forms of selenium (Se) and their impact on human health are a global topic of interest in public health. We are studying the genetic potential for Se biofortification of pulse crops to improve human nutrition. Lentils ( Lens culinaris L.) are an important protein and carbohydrate food and are a valuable source of essential dietary components and trace elements. We analyzed the total Se concentration of 19 lentil genotypes grown at eight locations for two years in Saskatchewan, Canada. We observed significant genotypic and environmental variation in total Se concentration in lentils and that total Se concentration in lentils ranged between 425 and 673 microg kg(-1), providing 77-122% of the recommended daily intake in 100 g of dry lentils. Over 70% of the Se was present as selenomethionine (SeMet) with a smaller fraction (<20%) as inorganic Se and very small amounts as selenocysteine (SeCys). We found that soils from the locations where the lentils were grown were rich in Se (37-301 microg kg(-1)) and that lentils grown in Saskatchewan have the potential to provide an excellent natural source of this essential element. Our analyses gave us a preliminary understanding of the genetic basis of Se uptake in lentil and indicated that any potential strategy for micronutrient biofortification in lentil will require choice of field locations that minimize the spatial variability of soil Se content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dil Thavarajah
- Crop Development Centre, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Li F, Wang F, Yu F, Fang Y, Xin Z, Yang F, Xu J, Zhao L, Hu Q. In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activities of ethanolic extract of selenium-enriched green tea. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Amaral AFS, Arruda M, Cabral S, Rodrigues AS. Essential and non-essential trace metals in scalp hair of men chronically exposed to volcanogenic metals in the Azores, Portugal. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:1104-8. [PMID: 18485481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Volcanoes produce and release large amounts of toxicants, and the concentration of metals in hair can be used as a biomarker of exposure to trace metals. In order to investigate whether humans exposed to volcanic emissions demonstrate higher concentrations of essential and non-essential trace metals, scalp hair of men (3-89 years) living in two areas of the Azores, one exposed to volcanic emissions and the other not, was sampled, and their content in Cd, Cu, Pb, Rb, Se, and Zn was quantified by using High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. In average, men exposed to volcanic emissions presented higher concentrations of Cd (96.9 ppb), Cu (16.2 ppm), Pb (3417.6 ppb), Rb (216.3 ppb), and Zn (242.8 ppm), but not Se (469.6 ppb). Also, strong and significant correlations were found between Cd-Rb and Pb-Rb in the exposed men. In conclusion, humans living chronically exposed to volcanic emissions show high concentrations of essential and non-essential trace metals in scalp hair, and is suggested that this type of exposure may be as harmful as living close to industrial facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F S Amaral
- CIRN, Department of Biology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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Abstract
Following the publication of the landmark trial of Clark et al. in 1996 that appeared to show that Se could reduce the risk of cancer, awareness of the importance of Se to human health has markedly increased. As a result, there is now much more aggressive marketing of Se supplements and functional foods, even in situations where additional consumption of Se is inappropriate. The present review addresses how Se gets into the food chain, the wide variability in Se content of foods and the very different levels of intake between countries and regions. Though it is clear that there are adverse consequences for health of both deficient and excessive intake, health effects at intermediate levels of intake are less certain. Thus it is difficult to define optimal intake which depends on a large number of factors, such as which functions of Se are most relevant to a particular disease state, which species of Se is most prominent in the Se source, which health condition is being considered, the adequacy or otherwise of intake of other nutrients, the presence of additional stressors, and lastly whether the ability to make selenoproteins may be compromised. These complexities need to be understood, particularly by policy makers, in order to make informed judgments. Potential solutions for increasing Se intake, where required, include agronomic biofortification and genetic biofortification or, for individuals, increased intake of naturally Se-rich foods, functional foods or supplements. The difficulties of balancing the risks and benefits in relation to Se intake are highlighted.
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Tinggi U. Selenium: its role as antioxidant in human health. Environ Health Prev Med 2008; 13:102-8. [PMID: 19568888 PMCID: PMC2698273 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-007-0019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, and its low status in humans has been linked to increased risk of various diseases, such as cancer and heart disease. In recent years, Se research has attracted tremendous interest because of its important role in antioxidant selenoproteins for protection against oxidative stress initiated by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (NOS). The synthesis of selenoproteins requires a unique incorporation of amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) into proteins directed by the UGA codon, which is also a termination codon. Interest in Se research has led to the discovery of at least 30 selenoproteins; however, the biochemical functional roles of some of these selenoproteins are still unknown. Besides in the form of selenoproteins, Se can exist in many different chemical forms in biological materials either as organic Se compounds, such as selenomethionine and dimethylselenide, and inorganic selenites and selenates. In foods, Se is predominantly present as selenomethionine, which is an important source of dietary Se in humans, and also as a chemical form that is commonly used for Se supplements in clinical trials. Concern for potential deficiency diseases associated with low Se status has led to the establishment of the recommended daily requirements for Se in many countries. However, excess Se intakes through supplementation and its potential misuse as health therapy could also pose a risk of adverse health effects if its use is not properly regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujang Tinggi
- Centre for Public Health Sciences, Queensland Health Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
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30
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Gammelgaard B, Gabel-Jensen C, Stürup S, Hansen HR. Complementary use of molecular and element-specific mass spectrometry for identification of selenium compounds related to human selenium metabolism. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1691-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Bladder cancer (Bc) with an incidence of 8.6% ranks fourth in males and with an incidence of 3.5% ranks eighth in females in Germany. The study of Cole demonstrating that coffee drinking poses a risk for developing Bc raised interest in primary prevention. In the meantime, however, 42 case-control studies could disprove this finding. Cigarette smoking raises the Bc risk threefold. Responsible are among others arylamines which are activated in the liver, but also detoxified. A genetically caused lack of transferases is responsible for every third Bc. Another risk factor is contributed by permanent hair dyes. Similarly to smoking, an arylamine is taken up by the body and has to be detoxified by transferases in the liver and skin. Furthermore, a chronic urinary tract infection may be related to Bc. Thus, the best prevention is the reduction of risk factors.A high fluid intake--irrespective of its kind--reduces the Bc risk by approximately 50%. Particularly smokers should realize that they can lower their risk of developing Bc by almost 70% with a high fluid intake. A connection between alcohol consumption and Bc development has never been shown. Vitamins A, B, and C were extensively investigated in epidemiological studies. Usefulness for primary prevention of Bc was not convincingly demonstrated. Interestingly, folic acid-containing food may reduce the Bc risk for smokers. Fruits and vegetables possess only a weak preventive efficacy. However, copious fruit consumption may reduce the risk for smokers by almost 50%. The trace element selenium does not possess a proven protection; however, it has been shown that persons with a high selenium plasma level have a lower incidence of Bc. Among probiotics yogurt containing Lactobacillus casei is particularly useful in smokers according to one study. Finally, the preventive action of NSAIDs is controversial. Surprisingly, users of analgetics have a low incidence of Bc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Altwein
- Chirurgische Klinik München-Bogenhausen, Denningerstrasse 44, 81679 Munich, Germany.
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32
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Wang H, Zhang J, Yu H. Elemental selenium at nano size possesses lower toxicity without compromising the fundamental effect on selenoenzymes: comparison with selenomethionine in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:1524-33. [PMID: 17448899 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase are major selenoenzymes through which selenium exerts powerful antioxidant effects. Selenium also elicits pro-oxidant effects at toxic levels. The antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, or bioavailability and toxicity, of selenium depend on its chemical form. Selenomethionine is considered to be the most appropriate supplemental form due to its excellent bioavailability and lower toxicity compared to various selenium compounds. The present studies reveal that, compared with selenomethionine, elemental selenium at nano size (Nano-Se) possesses equal efficacy in increasing the activities of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase but has much lower toxicity as indicated by median lethal dose, acute liver injury, and short-term toxicity. Our results suggest that Nano-Se can serve as an antioxidant with reduced risk of selenium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, People's Republic of China
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