1
|
Shigapova RR, Mukhamedshina YO. Electrophysiology Methods for Assessing of Neurodegenerative and Post-Traumatic Processes as Applied to Translational Research. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:737. [PMID: 38929721 PMCID: PMC11205106 DOI: 10.3390/life14060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies have long established themselves as reliable methods for assessing the functional state of the brain and spinal cord, the degree of neurodegeneration, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy. In addition, they can be used to diagnose, predict functional outcomes, and test the effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation programs not only in clinical settings, but also at the preclinical level. Considering the urgent need to develop potential stimulators of neuroregeneration, it seems relevant to obtain objective data when modeling neurological diseases in animals. Thus, in the context of the application of electrophysiological methods, not only the comparison of the basic characteristics of bioelectrical activity of the brain and spinal cord in humans and animals, but also their changes against the background of neurodegenerative and post-traumatic processes are of particular importance. In light of the above, this review will contribute to a better understanding of the results of electrophysiological assessment in neurodegenerative and post-traumatic processes as well as the possibility of translating these methods from model animals to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda Ramilovna Shigapova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia;
| | - Yana Olegovna Mukhamedshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia;
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Linazasoro G. Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: Only Young Onset Patients Allowed? Reflections about the Results of Recent Clinical Trials with Cell Therapy and the Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:463-73. [PMID: 17121157 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783981792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of the best candidates for surgery among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is a debated topic. This could be particularly important for transplantation studies in which patients with advanced PD and motor complications refractory to conventional pharmacological treatments are usually included. The development of lesions in nondopaminergic structures, which apparently are unaffected by the intervention, could eventually lead to the appearance of disabling, treatment-resistant symptoms. This has been considered as the crucial factor responsible for the outcome of any therapeutic procedure. However, other factors might be involved. It is suggested in this article that the rate of progression of PD and the effects of ageing are more important than the extradopaminergic involvement in the final outcome. Rate of progression of PD is critically related to the power of compensatory mechanisms, which are age related and under the control of still unknown genes. Thus, patients with young onset parkinsonism (YOP), either caused by gene mutations or not, could be the best candidates for surgery because they have a slower disease progression and more competent compensatory mechanisms. On the other hand, this can also explain the appearance of unexpected side effects such as the “runaway” dyskinesias reported following transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurutz Linazasoro
- Centro de Investigación Parkinson (CIP), Policlínica Gipuzkoa, San Sebastiáin, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Potential of GABA-ergic cell therapy for schizophrenia, neuropathic pain, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Brain Res 2015; 1638:74-87. [PMID: 26423935 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several neurological and psychiatric disorders present hyperexcitability of neurons in specific regions of the brain or spinal cord, partly because of some loss and/or dysfunction of gamma-amino butyric acid positive (GABA-ergic) inhibitory interneurons. Strategies that enhance inhibitory neurotransmission in the affected brain regions may therefore ease several or most deficits linked to these disorders. This perception has incited a huge interest in testing the efficacy of GABA-ergic interneuron cell grafting into regions of the brain or spinal cord exhibiting hyperexcitability, dearth of GABA-ergic interneurons or impaired inhibitory neurotransmission, using preclinical models of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Interneuron progenitors from the embryonic ventral telencephalon capable of differentiating into diverse subclasses of interneurons have particularly received much consideration because of their ability for dispersion, migration and integration with the host neural circuitry after grafting. The goal of this review is to discuss the premise, scope and advancement of GABA-ergic cell therapy for easing neurological deficits in preclinical models of schizophrenia, chronic neuropathic pain, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. As grafting studies in these prototypes have so far utilized either primary cells from the embryonic medial and lateral ganglionic eminences or neural progenitor cells expanded from these eminences as donor material, the proficiency of these cell types is highlighted. Moreover, future studies that are essential prior to considering the possible clinical application of these cells for the above neurological conditions are proposed. Particularly, the need for grafting studies utilizing medial ganglionic eminence-like progenitors generated from human pluripotent stem cells via directed differentiation approaches or somatic cells through direct reprogramming methods are emphasized. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: PSC and the brain.
Collapse
|
4
|
Barker RA, de Beaufort I. Scientific and ethical issues related to stem cell research and interventions in neurodegenerative disorders of the brain. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 110:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Wakeman DR, Dodiya HB, Kordower JH. Cell transplantation and gene therapy in Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:126-58. [PMID: 21259269 DOI: 10.1002/msj.20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting, in part, dopaminergic motor neurons of the ventral midbrain and their terminal projections that course to the striatum. Symptomatic strategies focused on dopamine replacement have proven effective at remediating some motor symptoms during the course of disease but ultimately fail to deliver long-term disease modification and lose effectiveness due to the emergence of side effects. Several strategies have been experimentally tested as alternatives for Parkinson's disease, including direct cell replacement and gene transfer through viral vectors. Cellular transplantation of dopamine-secreting cells was hypothesized as a substitute for pharmacotherapy to directly provide dopamine, whereas gene therapy has primarily focused on restoration of dopamine synthesis or neuroprotection and restoration of spared host dopaminergic circuitry through trophic factors as a means to enhance sustained controlled dopamine transmission. This seems now to have been verified in numerous studies in rodents and nonhuman primates, which have shown that grafts of fetal dopamine neurons or gene transfer through viral vector delivery can lead to improvements in biochemical and behavioral indices of dopamine deficiency. However, in clinical studies, the improvements in parkinsonism have been rather modest and variable and have been plagued by graft-induced dyskinesias. New developments in stem-cell transplantation and induced patient-derived cells have opened the doors for the advancement of cell-based therapeutics. In addition, viral-vector-derived therapies have been developed preclinically with excellent safety and efficacy profiles, showing promise in clinical trials thus far. Further progress and optimization of these therapies will be necessary to ensure safety and efficacy before widespread clinical use is deemed appropriate.
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez-Cerdeño V, Noctor SC, Espinosa A, Ariza J, Parker P, Orasji S, Daadi MM, Bankiewicz K, Alvarez-Buylla A, Kriegstein AR. Embryonic MGE precursor cells grafted into adult rat striatum integrate and ameliorate motor symptoms in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 6:238-50. [PMID: 20207227 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a strategy to ameliorate the motor symptoms of rats that received 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions, a rodent model of Parkinson's disease, through transplantation of embryonic medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) cells into the striatum. During brain development, embryonic MGE cells migrate into the striatum and neocortex where they mature into GABAergic interneurons and play a key role in establishing the balance between excitation and inhibition. Unlike most other embryonic neurons, MGE cells retain the capacity for migration and integration when transplanted into the postnatal and adult brain. We performed MGE cell transplantation into the basal ganglia of control and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Transplanted MGE cells survived, differentiated into GABA(+) neurons, integrated into host circuitry, and modified motor behavior in both lesioned and control rats. Our data suggest that MGE cell transplantation into the striatum is a promising approach to investigate the potential benefits of remodeling basal ganglia circuitry in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pogarell O, Koch W, Gildehaus FJ, Kupsch A, Lindvall O, Oertel WH, Tatsch K. Long-term assessment of striatal dopamine transporters in parkinsonian patients with intrastriatal embryonic mesencephalic grafts. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33:407-11. [PMID: 16447045 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-005-0032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of striatal dopamine transporters (DAT) has been used to demonstrate presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction and to monitor the progression of Parkinson's disease. In parkinsonian patients who were implanted with embryonic mesencephalic tissue in the striatum, positron emission tomography (PET) has shown an increase in striatal [(18)F]dopa uptake as an indicator of graft survival and striatal reinnervation. The aim of this study was to investigate two patients who had undergone bilateral intrastriatal transplantation of human embryonic mesencephalic tissue using SPECT and the (123)I-labelled DAT ligand N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane (IPT). METHODS Two patients were subjected to [(123)I]IPT SPECT according to a standardised protocol prospectively and repeatedly up to 8 years after transplantation. RESULTS From baseline to year 3 after transplantation, mean striatal DAT availability increased by a mean of 61% (93% and 29% in patients 1 and 2, respectively). It then remained relatively stable up to 8 years in patient 2, but increased further by another 77% of baseline values in patient 1. Clinically, both patients experienced a moderate improvement in motor performance but developed moderate (patient 2) to severe (patient 1) off-medication dyskinesias. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that DAT imaging using IPT and SPECT can be used to demonstrate graft survival following dopaminergic tissue implantation. Because SPECT with DAT ligands is widely available in the routine clinical setting, this methodology may be a useful alternative to [(18)F]dopa PET for repeated scanning of grafted parkinsonian patients. The relevance of the long-term increase in DAT binding for the development of off-medication dyskinesias remains to be elucidated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deogaonkar M, Subramanian T. Pathophysiological basis of drug-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 50:156-68. [PMID: 16026845 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced dyskinesias (DID) represent a troublesome, dose-limiting, and common complication of long-term pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The pathophysiological basis and clinical nature of DID is of major interest for clinicians and neuroscientists. In this review article, we evaluate the theories of pathophysiology and molecular basis of DID, validity of various animal models used in DID related research, and electrophysiological characteristics of various basal ganglia nuclei during DID. We also discuss the relevance of various treatment strategies to the pathophysiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milind Deogaonkar
- Department of Neuroscience, NB 20, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Functional imaging such as positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography provide sensitive tools to assess functional brain abnormalities associated with neurodegenerative disease. This review discusses recent findings in this field, with a focus on the detection and characterization of receptor binding and presynaptic dopamine changes in movement disorders. RECENT FINDINGS The classical role of positron emission tomography and radioligands such as F-dopa and C-raclopride for investigating abnormalities of the presynaptic and postsynaptic dopaminergic system underlying Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism and Huntington's disease has recently been made more powerful by the application of statistical mapping to localize changes in dopamine storage capacity and receptor binding across the whole brain at a voxel level. C-raclopride positron emission tomography provides an indirect marker of changes in levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. The application of this model in assessing dopamine changes in response to pharmacological, behavioural, motor task and magnetic stimulation in normal individuals and Parkinson's disease patients is reviewed. Recent studies using positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography to discriminate Parkinson's disease from essential tremor and Parkinsonism, the involvement of non-dopaminergic systems in Parkinson's disease and the role of cell transplantation in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are also discussed. SUMMARY Functional imaging techniques provide insight into the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism, and Huntington's disease and the mechanisms of the progression of these diseases. They also play a role in assessing the efficacy of putative neuroprotective and restorative therapy, such as striatal infusions of neurotrophic factors and implants of fetal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Piccini
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Retinal stem cells (RSCs) are multipotent central nervous system (CNS) precursors that give rise to the retina during the course of development. RSCs are present in the embryonic eyecup of all vertebrate species and remain active in lower vertebrates throughout life. Mammals, however, exhibit little RSC activity in adulthood and thus little capacity for retinal growth or regeneration. Because CNS precursors can now be isolated from immature and mature mammals and expanded ex vivo, it is possible to study these cells in culture as well as following transplantation to the diseased retina. Such experiments have revealed a wealth of unanticipated findings, both in terms of the instructive cues present in the mature mammalian retina as well as the ability of grafted CNS precursors to respond to them. This review examines current knowledge regarding RSCs, together with other CNS precursors, from the perspective of investigators who wish to isolate, propagate, genetically modify, and transplant these cells as a regenerative strategy with application to retinal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Klassen
- Stem Cell Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technique which enables in vivo examination of brain functions. It allows non-invasive quantification of cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and receptor binding. In the past PET has been employed mainly in the research setting due to the relatively high costs and complexity of the support infrastructure, such as cyclotrons, PET scanners, and radiochemistry laboratories. In recent years, because of advancements in technology and proliferation of PET scanners, PET is being increasingly used in clinical neurology to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis, to aid with diagnosis, and to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. This article aims to provide an overview of the principles of PET and its applications to clinical neurology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y F Tai
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre and Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|