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Jiang J, Fan L, Liu J. The knowledge domain of cognitive neuroscience of aging: A Scientometric and bibliometric analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:999594. [PMID: 36845653 PMCID: PMC9947251 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.999594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience of aging (CNA) is a relatively young field compared with other branches of cognitive aging (CA). From the beginning of this century, scholars in CNA have contributed many valuable research to explain the cognitive ability decline in aging brains in terms of functional changes, neuromechanism, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, very few studies have systematically reviewed the research in the domain of CAN, with regard to its primary research topics, theories, findings, and future development. Therefore, this study used CiteSpace to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 1,462 published articles in CNA from Web of Science (WOS) and investigated the highly influential and potential research topics and theories of CNA, as well as important brain areas involved in CAN during 2000-2021. The results revealed that: (1) the research topics of "memory" and "attention" have been the focus of most studies, progressing into a fMRI-oriented stage; (2) the scaffolding theory and hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults model hold a key status in CNA, characterizing aging as a dynamic process and presenting compensatory relationships between different brain areas; and (3) age-related changes always occur in temporal (especially the hippocampus), parietal, and frontal lobes and the cognitive declines establish the compensation relationship between the anterior and posterior regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Jiang
- Research Institute of Foreign Language, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Fan
- National Research Center for Foreign Language Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Haidian, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lin Fan,
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Foreign Studies, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Vij R, Arora S. A systematic survey of advances in retinal imaging modalities for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2213-2243. [PMID: 35290546 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in retinal imaging pathophysiology have shown a new function for biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and prognosis. The significant improvements in Optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal imaging have led to significant clinical translation, particularly in Alzheimer's disease detection. This systematic review will provide a comprehensive overview of retinal imaging in clinical applications, with a special focus on biomarker analysis for use in Alzheimer's disease detection. Articles on OCT retinal imaging in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis were identified in PubMed, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and Research Gate databases until March 2021. Those studies using simultaneous retinal imaging acquisition were chosen, while those using sequential techniques were rejected. "Alzheimer's disease" and "Dementia" were searched alone and in combination with "OCT" and "retinal imaging". Approximately 1000 publications were searched, and after deleting duplicate articles, 145 relevant studies focused on the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease utilizing retinal imaging were chosen for study. OCT has recently been demonstrated to be a valuable technique in clinical practice as according to this survey, 57% of the researchers employed optical coherence tomography, 19% used ocular fundus imaging, 13% used scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and 11% have used multimodal imaging to diagnose Alzheimer disease. Retinal imaging has become an important diagnostic technique for Alzheimer's disease. Given the scarcity of available literature, it is clear that future prospective trials involving larger and more homogeneous groups are necessary, and the work can be expanded by evaluating its significance utilizing a machine-learning platform rather than simply using statistical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Vij
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Sakshi Arora
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India.
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3
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Cai Y, Liu J, Wang B, Sun M, Yang H. Microglia in the Neuroinflammatory Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856376. [PMID: 35558075 PMCID: PMC9086828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, characterized by progressive neuron degeneration or loss due to excessive accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and hyperphosphorylated tau. The treatment of AD has been only partially successful as the majority of the pharmacotherapies on the market may alleviate some of the symptoms. In the occurrence of AD, increasing attention has been paid to neurodegeneration, while the resident glial cells, like microglia are also observed. Microglia, a kind of crucial glial cells associated with the innate immune response, functions as double-edge sword role in CNS. They exert a beneficial or detrimental influence on the adjacent neurons through secretion of both pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as neurotrophic factors. In addition, their endocytosis of debris and toxic protein like Aβ and tau ensures homeostasis of the neuronal microenvironment. In this review, we will systematically summarize recent research regarding the roles of microglia in AD pathology and latest microglia-associated therapeutic targets mainly including pro-inflammatory genes, anti-inflammatory genes and phagocytosis at length, some of which are contradictory and controversial and warrant to further be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Hao X, Li Z, Li W, Katz J, Michalek SM, Barnum SR, Pozzo-Miller L, Saito T, Saido TC, Wang Q, Roberson ED, Zhang P. Periodontal Infection Aggravates C1q-Mediated Microglial Activation and Synapse Pruning in Alzheimer's Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816640. [PMID: 35178049 PMCID: PMC8845011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a dysbiotic infectious disease that leads to the destruction of tooth supporting tissues. There is increasing evidence that periodontitis may affect the development and severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism(s) by which periodontal infection impacts the neurodegenerative process in AD remains unclear. In the present study, using an amyloid precursor protein (APP) knock-in (App KI) AD mouse model, we showed that oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a keystone pathogen of periodontitis, worsened behavioral and cognitive impairment and accelerated amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in AD mice, thus unquestionably and significantly aggravating AD. We also provide new evidence that the neuroinflammatory status established by AD, is greatly complicated by periodontal infection and the consequential entry of Pg into the brain via Aβ-primed microglial activation, and that Pg-induced brain overactivation of complement C1q is critical for periodontitis-associated acceleration of AD progression by amplifying microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and tagging synapses for microglial engulfment. Our study renders support for the importance of periodontal infection in the innate immune regulation of AD and the possibility of targeting microbial etiology and periodontal treatment to ameliorate the clinical manifestation of AD and lower AD prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Hao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhaofei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jannet Katz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Suzanne M. Michalek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Erik D. Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Winslow W, McDonough I, Tallino S, Decker A, Vural AS, Velazquez R. IntelliCage Automated Behavioral Phenotyping Reveals Behavior Deficits in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Associated With Brain Weight. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:720214. [PMID: 34483889 PMCID: PMC8414893 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.720214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were designed to study mechanisms of pathogenesis and connect these mechanisms with cognitive decline. Measurements of cognition in rodents can be confounded, however, by human handling and interaction; the IntelliCage was created to circumvent these issues while measuring various facets of cognition in a social environment with water consumption as the primary motivator for task completion. Here, for the first time, we examined the behavioral performance of 3xTg-AD mice in the IntelliCage. Seven- to 9-month-old female 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic (NonTg) mice were tested for 29 days in the IntelliCage to measure prefrontal cortical and hippocampal function. We found that a higher percentage of NonTg mice (86.96%) were able to successfully complete the training (adaptation) phases compared to their 3xTg-AD (57.14%) counterparts. Furthermore, the 3xTg-AD mice showed impairments in attention and working memory. Interestingly, we found that differences in body and brain weight between NonTg and 3xTg-AD mice were associated with whether mice were able to complete the IntelliCage tasks. 3xTg-AD mice that completed IntelliCage tasks had lower cortical insoluble amyloid-β40 fractions than their 3xTg-AD counterparts who failed to complete the tasks. Collectively, these results demonstrate deficits in cognition in the 3xTg-AD mouse and inform scientists of important factors to consider when testing this transgenic model in the IntelliCage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Ian McDonough
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Savannah Tallino
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Annika Decker
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Austin S Vural
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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6
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Dave N, Vural AS, Piras IS, Winslow W, Surendra L, Winstone JK, Beach TG, Huentelman MJ, Velazquez R. Identification of retinoblastoma binding protein 7 (Rbbp7) as a mediator against tau acetylation and subsequent neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:279-294. [PMID: 33978814 PMCID: PMC8270842 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that tau hyper-phosphorylation and subsequent neurofibrillary tangle formation contribute to the extensive neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Recent work has identified that increased tau acetylation can promote tau phosphorylation. Tau acetylation occurs at lysine 280 resulting from increased expression of the lysine acetyltransferase p300. The exact upstream mechanisms mediating p300 expression remain elusive. Additional work highlights the role of the epigenome in tau pathogenesis, suggesting that dysregulation of epigenetic proteins may contribute to acetylation and hyper-phosphorylation of tau. Here, we identify and focus on the histone-binding subunit of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex: Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 7 (Rbbp7). Rbbp7 chaperones chromatin remodeling proteins to their nuclear histone substrates, including histone acetylases and deacetylases. Notably, Rbbp7 binds to p300, suggesting that it may play a role in modulating tau acetylation. We interrogated Rbbp7 in post-mortem brain tissue, cell lines and mouse models of AD. We found reduced Rbbp7 mRNA expression in AD cases, a significant negative correlation with CERAD (neuritic plaque density) and Braak Staging (pathogenic tau inclusions) and a significant positive correlation with post-mortem brain weight. We also found a neuron-specific downregulation of Rbbp7 mRNA in AD patients. Rbbp7 protein levels were significantly decreased in 3xTg-AD and PS19 mice compared to NonTg, but no decreases were found in APP/PS1 mice that lack tau pathology. In vitro, Rbbp7 overexpression rescued TauP301L-induced cytotoxicity in immortalized hippocampal cells and primary cortical neurons. In vivo, hippocampal Rbbp7 overexpression rescued neuronal death in the CA1 of PS19 mice. Mechanistically, we found that increased Rbbp7 reduced p300 levels, tau acetylation at lysine 280 and tau phosphorylation at AT8 and AT100 sites. Collectively, these data identify a novel role of Rbbp7, protecting against tau-related pathologies, and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Dave
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Austin S Vural
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Likith Surendra
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joanna K Winstone
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Effects of Dog-Assisted Therapies on Cognitive Mnemonic Capabilities in People Affected by Alzheimer's Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051366. [PMID: 34064930 PMCID: PMC8151255 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in humans and, as the disease progresses, symptoms become more relevant, with significant interference in daily activities and social relations. Currently, a valid treatment is lacking and no highly effective drug has yet been approved for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Animal-assisted interventions play a significant role in the lives of people with dementia. The purpose of the present study is to provide a contribution to research on elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease in whom dog-assisted therapies prove to be effective and fully validated during the period of time for which the patient has contact with the animal. The index of impairment of cognitive skills was assessed through different tests. Two months after the end of the sessions, the test results decreased to their initial values. Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in humans and, currently, a valid treatment is lacking. Our goal is to demonstrate the importance and benefits of the relationship with companion animals (considered as co-therapists), intended as a means of facilitating social relations and promoting evident wellbeing in AD patients. The study involved 30 randomly chosen patients with Alzheimer’s disease (group T) and three dogs. The group participated in a total of 24 animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) sessions over a span of 12 weeks, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Wellness and Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (Brief Assessment Cognition or BAC), and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) as assessment tests. A second group (group C), consisting of 10 people with AD, was enrolled as control group and underwent the same assessment tests but did not benefit from the presence of the dogs. Tests were carried out at time T0 (before starting sessions), T1 (end of sessions), and T2 (two months after last session). People belonging to group T achieved an overall improvement in their perceived state of wellbeing, even on a cognitive and mnemonic plane. However, two months after the end of the sessions, the test results in people suffering from AD decreased towards the baseline (T0). The study shows how such progress can be achieved through activities based on the relationship with an animal, as long as the animal is a steady presence in the life of the patient receiving the intervention. Dogs involved in other dog-assisted therapies have been found suitable also for assisting patients with AD.
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Mifflin MA, Winslow W, Surendra L, Tallino S, Vural A, Velazquez R. Sex differences in the IntelliCage and the Morris water maze in the APP/PS1 mouse model of amyloidosis. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:130-140. [PMID: 33610962 PMCID: PMC8122060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic rodent models were created to decipher pathogenic mechanisms associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and behavioral apparatuses such as the Morris water maze (MWM) are used to assess cognition in mice. The IntelliCage was designed to circumvent issues of traditional behavioral tests, such as frequent human handling. The motivation to complete IntelliCage tasks is water consumption, which is less stressful than escaping from a pool in the MWM. Here, we examined behavioral performances of mice in the IntelliCage and MWM tasks. Twelve-month-old male and female APP/PS1 and non-transgenic mice first underwent 42 days of IntelliCage testing to assess prefrontal cortical and hippocampal function followed by MWM testing for six days. We found that females performed better in the IntelliCage while males performed superiorly in the MWM. Mechanistically, female APP/PS1 mice had a higher Amyloid-β plaque load throughout the brain, which is inconsistent with their performance in the IntelliCage. Collectively, these results inform scientists about the sex-based differences when testing animals in different behavioral paradigms that tap similar cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Mifflin
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Likith Surendra
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Savannah Tallino
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Austin Vural
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Ou GY, Lin WW, Zhao WJ. Neuregulins in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:662474. [PMID: 33897409 PMCID: PMC8064692 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.662474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are typically characterized by progressive neuronal loss and neurological dysfunctions in the nervous system, affecting both memory and motor functions. Neuregulins (NRGs) belong to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like family of extracellular ligands and they play an important role in the development, maintenance, and repair of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) through the ErbB signaling pathway. They also regulate multiple intercellular signal transduction and participate in a wide range of biological processes, such as differentiation, migration, and myelination. In this review article, we summarized research on the changes and roles of NRGs in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD. We elaborated on the structural features of each NRG subtype and roles of NRG/ErbB signaling networks in neurodegenerative diseases. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of NRGs in the symptom remission of neurodegenerative diseases, which may offer hope for advancing related treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-yong Ou
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-wen Lin
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei-jiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Cell Biology Department, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-jiang Zhao
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Riancho J, Sanchez de la Torre JR, Paz-Fajardo L, Limia C, Santurtun A, Cifra M, Kourtidis K, Fdez-Arroyabe P. The role of magnetic fields in neurodegenerative diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:107-117. [PMID: 32198562 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The term neurodegenerative diseases include a long list of diseases affecting the nervous system that are characterized by the degeneration of different neurological structures. Among them, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are the most representative ones. The vast majority of cases are sporadic and results from the interaction of genes and environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Among environmental conditions, electromagnetic field exposure has begun to be assessed as a potential risk factor for neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the existing literature regarding electromagnetic fields and neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological studies in AD, PD, and ALS have shown discordant results; thus, a clear correlation between electromagnetic exposure and neurodegeneration has not been demonstrated. In addition, we discuss the role of electromagnetic radiation as a potential non-invasive therapeutic strategy for some neurodegenerative diseases, particularly for PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Barrio Ganzo s/n, 39300, Torrelavega, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain.
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | | | - Lucía Paz-Fajardo
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Cristina Limia
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Ana Santurtun
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kostas Kourtidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
- Environmental and Networking Technologies and Applications Unit (ENTA), Athena Research and Innovation Center, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe
- Geography and Planning Department, Geobiomet Research Group, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Khoury R, Grossberg GT. Deciphering Alzheimer's disease: predicting new therapeutic strategies via improved understanding of biology and pathogenesis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:859-868. [PMID: 32603232 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1790530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD). One explanation may pertain to the need to intervene as early as possible upstream from the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. AREAS COVERED A PUBMED literature search was completed to review the biological or pathological changes at the basis of disease initiation; this includes neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, microbiome changes and glymphatic system dysfunction. Innovative therapeutic strategies based on these mechanisms are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underly AD would assist in the identification of drug targets for clinical trials. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are key for the characterization of the properties of disease-modifying drugs and the improvement of their penetration of the blood-brain barrier. Drug targets can be examined at different stages of the disease, hence the importance of selecting and recruiting the appropriate participants, preferably at the earliest stage of AD. New trial designs should be established which primarily involve combination therapies that can work synergistically on common pathways. Going forward, innovative treatment strategies involving nanotechnology, young blood products transfusion and photobiomodulation also offer promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Khoury
- Saint George Hospital University Medical Center-SGHUMC, University of Balamand School of Medicine , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George T Grossberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Singh AK, Verma S. Use of ocular biomarkers as a potential tool for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:555-561. [PMID: 32174567 PMCID: PMC7210832 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_999_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide which unfortunately has no known effective cure to date. Despite many clinical trials indicating the effectiveness of preclinical treatment, a sensitive tool for screening of AD is yet to be developed. Due to multiple similarities between ocular and the brain tissue, the eye is being explored by researchers for this purpose, with utmost attention focused on the retinal tissue. Besides visual functional impairment, neuronal degeneration and apoptosis, retinal nerve fiber degeneration, increase in the cup-to-disc ratio, and retinal vascular thinning and tortuosity are the changes observed in the retinal tissue which are related to AD. Studies have shown that targeting these changes in the retina is an effective way of reducing the degeneration of retinal neuronal tissue. Similar mechanisms of neurodegeneration have been demonstrated in the brain and the eyes of AD patients. Multiple studies are underway to investigate the potential of diagnosing AD and detection of amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in the retinal tissue. Since the tissues in the anterior segment of the eye are more accessible for in vivo imaging and examination, they have more potential as screening biomarkers. This article provides a concise review of available literature on the ocular biomarkers in anterior and posterior segments of the eye including the cornea, aqueous humour (AH), crystalline lens, and retina in AD. This review will also highlight the newer technological tools available for the detection of potential biomarkers in the eye for early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Singh
- Consultant and Anterior Segment Surgeon, Department of Ophthalmology, Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shilpa Verma
- WNS Global Services Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Salobrar-García E, Martínez-Páramo R, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, Ramírez JM, Salazar JJ. Retinal glial changes in Alzheimer's disease - A review. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2019; 12:198-207. [PMID: 30377086 PMCID: PMC6612028 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative dementia characterized by the deposition of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. Until now, the techniques used to analyze these deposits have been difficult to access, invasive, and expensive. This leads us to consider new access routes to the central nervous system (CNS), allowing us to diagnose the disease before the first symptoms appear. Recent studies have shown that microglial and macroglial cell activation could play a role in the development of this disease. Glial cells in the CNS can respond to various damages, such as neurodegenerative pathologies, with morphological and functional changes. These changes are a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. The retina is considered an extension of the CNS and has a population of glial cells similar to that of the CNS. When glial cells are activated, various molecules are released and changes in glial cell expression occur, which can be indicators of neuronal damage. The objective of this review is to compile the most relevant findings in the last 10 years relating to alterations in the eye in AD, and the role that glial cells play in the degenerative process in the retina in the context of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Fernández-Albarral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Páramo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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Sheng L, Chen M, Cai K, Song Y, Yu D, Zhang H, Xu G. Microglial Trem2 induces synaptic impairment at early stage and prevents amyloidosis at late stage in APP/PS1 mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:10425-10442. [PMID: 31219699 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900527r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells (TREM)2 is a genetic high-risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is considered a potential target for AD diagnosis and therapy, although its role in the different stages of AD remains controversial. We generated an embryonic deletion of Trem2 (whole body deletion) and induced hippocampal- and cortical-specific knockdown of microglial Trem2 at different stages of the AD process in amyloid precursor protein/Psen1 mice by adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection. AAV infection induced microglial Trem2 overexpression in the hippocampus of wild-type (WT) and thymus cell antigen 1-enhanced green fluorescent protein mice. Mice were subjected to ethological and pathologic tests. Whole body genetic deletion of Trem2 exerted different electrophysiological outcomes between different AD pathologic stages, which results from a complex integration of synaptic loss and amyloid aggregation. Interestingly, knockdown of Trem2 at the early-middle stage of AD (2-6 mo) prevents synaptic loss through directly inhibiting microglial phagocytosis, whereas knockdown of Trem2 at the middle-late stage of AD (6-10 mo) accelerates synaptic dysfunction because of more severe amyloid deposition caused by the depression of microglial phagocytosis. Additionally, hippocampal overexpression of Trem2 in WT mice results in significant synaptic impairment. Here, with transgenic technology and electrophysiological assay, we revealed that TREM2 up-regulation promotes microglial phagocytosis equally against synapse and amyloid plaques and eventually results in different outcomes. During the early-middle pathologic stage, TREM2 enhancing microglial phagocytosis mainly causes synaptic loss. However, TREM2 up-regulating microglial phagocytosis gradually supports a positive role when amyloid deposition occupies the leading position at the middle-late pathologic stage. In this study, we highlighted that TREM2 triggers synaptic loss during AD pathology development.-Sheng, L., Chen, M., Cai, K., Song, Y., Yu, D., Zhang, H., Xu, G. Microglial Trem2 induces synaptic impairment at early stage and prevents amyloidosis at late stage in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keshu Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Song
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangxu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Characterization of Alzheimer's Disease Micro-RNA Profile in Exosome-Enriched CSF Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2044:343-352. [PMID: 31432424 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9706-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous noncoding ribonucleic acids that modulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. miRNAs have been postulated as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in a wide list of human diseases including cancer, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. miRNAs are secreted by the cells into exosomes. These are small cell-derived membrane vesicles that can be isolated from many body fluids including urine, saliva, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Exosomes contain a variety of proteins and noncoding RNAs and seem to play an important role in cell-cell communication and the regulation of immune response and other body functions. In this chapter, we will discuss the sequential procedure to characterize the miRNA profile in exosome-enriched CSF samples.
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Lin SK, Tzeng JN, Lai JN. The core pattern of Chinese herbal formulae and drug-herb concurrent usage in patients with dementia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e13931. [PMID: 30681554 PMCID: PMC6358382 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40% dementia patients received traditional Chinese Medicine treatment. However, the prescription pattern of Chinese herbal formulae (CHF) for treating neurocognitive or behavioral disorders in patients with dementia has not been elucidated. This large-scale survey aimed is to evaluate core patterns of CHF and drug-herb concurrent use in patients with dementia.We analyzed patients with a diagnosis of dementia from one million cohorts of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database in the National Health Insurance Research Database, between 1997 and 2008. Of 18,141 newly diagnosed dementia patients, 3471 patients received CHF for mental and nervous system diseases. There were 13,254 outpatient visits, with 60,968 formulae prescriptions. We calculate the frequency and proportion of combined use, identify drug-herb concurrent usage, and determine core prescription patterns. Also, we drew network graphs of co-prescription pairs which occurred more than 200 times.Chinese medicine prescription patterns changed as dementia progressed.During the first 3 years after the diagnosis of dementia, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang, and Ban-Xia-Bai-Zhu-Tian-Ma-Tang were the core CHF prescribed for mental and nervous system disorders. However, during the later stages of dementia, Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang, Gui-Pi-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, and Wen-Dan-Tang were the core CHF prescribed. Benzodiazepines were the most common sedative drugs combined with traditional Chinese formulae.The results of this study suggest that TCM prescription were different in various stages of dementia, and indicated the frequently combined use of the TCM formulae and Benzodiazepines in dementia care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ku Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-ming University
| | - Jeng-Nan Tzeng
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, National Chengchi University, Taipei
- Department of Mathematics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
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Guo X, Jiang X, Xu J, Quan X, Wu M, Zhang H. Ensemble Consensus-Guided Unsupervised Feature Selection to Identify Huntington's Disease-Associated Genes. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9070350. [PMID: 30002337 PMCID: PMC6071299 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the complexity of the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, traditional differentially-expressed gene selection methods cannot detect disease-associated genes accurately. Recent studies have shown that consensus-guided unsupervised feature selection (CGUFS) performs well in feature selection for identifying disease-associated genes. Since the random initialization of the feature selection matrix in CGUFS results in instability of the final disease-associated gene set, for the purposes of this study we proposed an ensemble method based on CGUFS-namely, ensemble consensus-guided unsupervised feature selection (ECGUFS) in order to further improve the accuracy of disease-associated genes and the stability of feature gene sets. We also proposed a bagging integration strategy to integrate the results of CGUFS. Lastly, we conducted experiments with Huntington's disease RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and obtained the final feature gene set, where we detected 287 disease-associated genes. Enrichment analysis on these genes has shown that postsynaptic density and the postsynaptic membrane, synapse, and cell junction are all affected during the disease's progression. However, ECGUFS greatly improved the accuracy of disease-associated gene prediction and the stability of the disease-associated gene set. We conducted a classification of samples with labels based on the linear support vector machine with 10-fold cross-validation. The average accuracy is 0.9, which suggests the effectiveness of the feature gene set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiongwen Quan
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Min Wu
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Liu Q, Wang SC, Ding K. Research advances in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:641-652. [PMID: 28991525 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of patients' memory and their cognitive abilities and the mechanism is not completely clear. Although a variety of drugs have been approved for the AD treatment, substances which can prevent and cure AD are still in great need. The effect of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on anti-AD has gained great progress and attained more and more attention in recent years. In this review, research advances in TCM-polysaccharides on AD made in this decade are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shun-Chun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Bathke AC, Friedrich S, Pauly M, Konietschke F, Staffen W, Strobl N, Höller Y. Testing Mean Differences among Groups: Multivariate and Repeated Measures Analysis with Minimal Assumptions. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2018; 53:348-359. [PMID: 29565679 PMCID: PMC5935051 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2018.1446320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, there is a lack of satisfactory inferential techniques for the analysis of multivariate data in factorial designs, when only minimal assumptions on the data can be made. Presently available methods are limited to very particular study designs or assume either multivariate normality or equal covariance matrices across groups, or they do not allow for an assessment of the interaction effects across within-subjects and between-subjects variables. We propose and methodologically validate a parametric bootstrap approach that does not suffer from any of the above limitations, and thus provides a rather general and comprehensive methodological route to inference for multivariate and repeated measures data. As an example application, we consider data from two different Alzheimer's disease (AD) examination modalities that may be used for precise and early diagnosis, namely, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and electroencephalogram (EEG). These data violate the assumptions of classical multivariate methods, and indeed classical methods would not have yielded the same conclusions with regards to some of the factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne C. Bathke
- Department of Mathematics, University of Salzburg; Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Staffen
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University
| | - Nicolas Strobl
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paracelsus Medical University
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20
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Riancho J, Vázquez-Higuera JL, Pozueta A, Lage C, Kazimierczak M, Bravo M, Calero M, Gonalezález A, Rodríguez E, Lleó A, Sánchez-Juan P. MicroRNA Profile in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Analysis of miR-9-5p and miR-598 in Raw and Exosome Enriched Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:483-491. [PMID: 28269782 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have been postulated as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exosomes are nanovesicles which transport microRNAs, proteins, and other cargos. It has been hypothesized that the exosome traffic might be increased in neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE i) To assess the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microRNA profile in a group of AD patients and control subjects and to validate a group of microRNAs previously reported by other authors. ii) To compare microRNA levels in whole CSF and in the exosome-enriched fraction in AD patients. METHODS A panel of 760 microRNAs was analyzed in the CSF of 10 AD patients and 10 healthy subjects. Among microRNAs differently expressed, we selected those that had been previously reported by other authors. Candidates were validated in a larger group by individual qPCR assays. MicroRNA expression was also evaluated in exosome-enriched CSF samples of patients with AD and controls. RESULTS Fifteen microRNAs were differently expressed in AD. MiR-9-5p, miR-134, and miR-598 were selected as candidates for further analysis. MiR-9-5p and miR-598 were detected in 50 and 75% of control CSF samples, respectively, while they were not detected in any AD CSF samples. We observed an opposite pattern when we evaluated the microRNA expression in the exosome-enriched CSF AD samples. No pattern variations were noted among healthy subjects. CONCLUSION These data propose miR-9-5p and miR-598 as potential biomarkers for AD. Further studies in plasma and other body fluids will confirm their potential role as easily accessible biomarkers. In addition, our data suggest that exosome trafficking is different between AD and control subjects raising the need to take this phenomenon into consideration in future studies of AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Ana Pozueta
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Martha Kazimierczak
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - María Bravo
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- CIBERNED; National Institute of Health Carlos III; Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, CIEN Foundation; Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center; Chronic Disease Programme Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Gonalezález
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodríguez
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla -IDIVAL; CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
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Dunkelmann T, Teichmann K, Ziehm T, Schemmert S, Frenzel D, Tusche M, Dammers C, Jürgens D, Langen KJ, Demuth HU, Shah NJ, Kutzsche J, Willuweit A, Willbold D. Aβ oligomer eliminating compounds interfere successfully with pEAβ(3-42) induced motor neurodegenerative phenotype in transgenic mice. Neuropeptides 2018; 67:27-35. [PMID: 29273382 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are no causative or disease modifying treatments available for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, it has been shown that D3, a small, fully d-enantiomeric peptide is able to eliminate low molecular weight Aβ oligomers in vitro, enhance cognition and reduce plaque load in AD transgenic mice. To further characterise the therapeutic potential of D3 towards N-terminally truncated and pyroglutamated Aβ (pEAβ(3-42)) we tested D3 and its head-to-tail tandem derivative D3D3 both in vitro and in vivo in the new mouse model TBA2.1. These mice produce human pEAβ(3-42) leading to a strong, early onset motor neurodegenerative phenotype. In the present study, we were able to demonstrate 1) strong binding affinity of both D3 and D3D3 to pEAβ(3-42) in comparison to Aβ(1-42) and 2) increased affinity of the tandem derivative D3D3 in comparison to D3. Subsequently we tested the therapeutic potentials of both peptides in the TBA2.1 animal model. Truly therapeutic, non-preventive treatment with D3 and D3D3 clearly slowed the progression of the neurodegenerative TBA2.1 phenotype, indicating the strong therapeutic potential of both peptides against pEAβ(3-42) induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Dunkelmann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Teichmann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tamar Ziehm
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schemmert
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Frenzel
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Tusche
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Dammers
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Jürgens
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Fraunhofer-Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation (MWT), Biozentrum, Weinbergweg 22, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nadim Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, JARA, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering and Monash Biomedical Imaging, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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22
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Matthes D, Gapsys V, Griesinger C, de Groot BL. Resolving the Atomistic Modes of Anle138b Inhibitory Action on Peptide Oligomer Formation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2791-2808. [PMID: 28906103 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diphenyl-pyrazole compound anle138b is a known inhibitor of oligomeric aggregate formation in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, anle138b is considered a promising drug candidate to beneficially interfere with neurodegenerative processes causing devastating pathologies in humans. The atomistic details of the aggregation inhibition mechanism, however, are to date unknown since the ensemble of small nonfibrillar aggregates is structurally heterogeneous and inaccessible to direct structural characterization. Here, we set out to elucidate anle138b's mode of action using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on the multi-microsecond time scale. By comparing simulations of dimeric to tetrameric aggregates from fragments of four amyloidogenic proteins (Aβ, hTau40, hIAPP, and Sup35N) in the presence and absence of anle138b, we show that the compound reduces the overall number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, disfavors the sampling of the aggregated state, and remodels the conformational distributions within the small oligomeric peptide aggregates. Most notably, anle138b preferentially interacts with the disordered structure ensemble via its pyrazole moiety, thereby effectively blocking interpeptide main chain interactions and impeding the spontaneous formation of ordered β-sheet structures, in particular those with out-of-register antiparallel β-strands. The structurally very similar compound anle234b was previously identified as inactive by in vitro experiments. Here, we show that anle234b has no significant effect on the aggregation process in terms of reducing the β-structure content. Moreover, we demonstrate that the hydrogen bonding capabilities are autoinhibited due to steric effects imposed by the molecular geometry of anle234b and thereby indirectly confirm the proposed inhibitory mechanism of anle138b. We anticipate that the prominent binding of anle138b to partially disordered and dynamical aggregate structures is a generic basis for anle138b's ability to suppress toxic oligomer formation in a wide range of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Matthes
- Computational
Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational
Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg
11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vytautas Gapsys
- Computational
Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational
Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg
11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department
of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bert L. de Groot
- Computational
Biomolecular Dynamics Group, Department of Theoretical and Computational
Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg
11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Teixeira FB, Saito MT, Matheus FC, Prediger RD, Yamada ES, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Comorbidity between Oral Chronic Inflammatory Condition and Neuroinflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:327. [PMID: 29085294 PMCID: PMC5649154 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral chronic infection/inflammatory condition, identified as a source of mediators of inflammation into the blood circulation, which may contribute to exacerbate several diseases. There is increasing evidence that inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although inflammation is present in both diseases, the exact mechanisms and crosslinks between periodontitis and AD are poorly understood. Therefore, this article aims to review possible comorbidity between periodontitis and AD. Here, the authors discuss the inflammatory aspects of periodontitis, how this oral condition produces a systemic inflammation and, finally, the contribution of this systemic inflammation for worsening neuroinflammation in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco B Teixeira
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.,College of Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Altamira, Brazil
| | - Miki T Saito
- Dental School, Brazil-Amazon Integrated Faculty, Belém, Brazil
| | - Filipe C Matheus
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rui D Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S Yamada
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael R Lima
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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24
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Wang Y, Yan T, Lu H, Yin W, Lin B, Fan W, Zhang X, Fernandez-Funez P. Lessons from Anti-Amyloid-β Immunotherapies in Alzheimer Disease: Aiming at a Moving Target. NEURODEGENER DIS 2017; 17:242-250. [DOI: 10.1159/000478741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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25
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Yu S, Liu YP, Liu HL, Li J, Xiang Y, Liu YH, Jiao SS, Liu L, Wang Y, Fu W. Serum Protein-Based Profiles as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3999-4008. [PMID: 28567666 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As a multi-stage disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is quickly becoming one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Thus, a non-invasive, serum-based diagnostic platform is eagerly awaited. The goal of this study was to identify a serum-based biomarker panel using a predictive protein-based algorithm that is able to confidently distinguish AD patients from control subjects. One hundred and fifty-six patients with AD and the same number of gender- and age-matched control participants with standardized clinical assessments and neuroimaging measures were evaluated. Serum proteins of interest were quantified using a magnetic bead-based immunofluorescent assay, and a total of 33 analytes were examined. All of the subjects were then randomized into a training set containing 70% of the total samples and a validation set containing 30%, with each containing an equal number of AD and normal samples. Logistic regression and random forest analyses were then applied to develop a desirable algorithm for AD detection. The random forest method was found to generate a more robust predictive model than the logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, an eight-protein-based algorithm was found to be the most robust with a sensitivity of 97.7%, specificity of 88.6%, and AUC of 99%. Our study developed a novel eight-protein biomarker panel that can be used to distinguish AD and control multi-source candidates regardless of age. It is hoped that these results provide further insight into the applicability of serum-based screening methods and contribute to the development of lower-cost, less invasive methods for diagnosing AD and monitoring progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710000, China
| | - Yue-Ping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 477th Hospital of PLA, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 400013, China
| | - Hai-Liang Liu
- CapitalBio Genomics Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China
| | - Jie Li
- CapitalBio Genomics Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 100053, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 100053, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Jiao
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 100053, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yajiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 100053, China.
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Zhang X, Yu P, Yang Y, Hou Y, Peng C, Liang Z, Lu J, Chen B, Dai J, Liu B, Cui M. 99mTc-Labeled 2-Arylbenzothiazoles: Aβ Imaging Probes with Favorable Brain Pharmacokinetics for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2493-2504. [PMID: 27668687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pingrong Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yaqin Hou
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department
of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Baian Chen
- Department
of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiapei Dai
- Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Boli Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchao Cui
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Javaid FZ, Brenton J, Guo L, Cordeiro MF. Visual and Ocular Manifestations of Alzheimer's Disease and Their Use as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Progression. Front Neurol 2016; 7:55. [PMID: 27148157 PMCID: PMC4836138 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting the growing aging population today, with prevalence expected to rise over the next 35 years. Clinically, patients exhibit a progressive decline in cognition, memory, and social functioning due to deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) protein and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein. These pathological hallmarks of AD are measured either through neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or diagnosed post-mortem. Importantly, neuropathological progression occurs in the eye as well as the brain, and multiple visual changes have been noted in both human and animal models of AD. The eye offers itself as a transparent medium to cerebral pathology and has thus potentiated the development of ocular biomarkers for AD. The use of non-invasive screening, such as retinal imaging and visual testing, may enable earlier diagnosis in the clinical setting, minimizing invasive and expensive investigations. It also potentially improves disease management and quality of life for AD patients, as an earlier diagnosis allows initiation of medication and treatment. In this review, we explore the evidence surrounding ocular changes in AD and consider the biomarkers currently in development for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Zara Javaid
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degeneration Research Group, Visual Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Brenton
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degeneration Research Group, Visual Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Li Guo
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degeneration Research Group, Visual Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Maria F. Cordeiro
- Glaucoma and Retinal Degeneration Research Group, Visual Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Vitamin D interacts with Esr1 and Igf1 to regulate molecular pathways relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:22. [PMID: 26932723 PMCID: PMC4774101 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D supplementation against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although studies have shown improvements in cognitive performance and decreases in markers of the pathology after chronic treatment, the mechanisms by which vitamin D acts on brain cells are multiple and remain to be thoroughly studied. We analyzed the molecular changes observed after 5 months of vitamin D3 supplementation in the brains of transgenic 5xFAD (Tg) mice, a recognized mouse model of AD, and their wild type (Wt) littermates. We first performed a kinematic behavioural examination at 4, 6 and 8 months of age (M4, M6 and M8) followed by a histologic assessment of AD markers. We then performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of mRNA regulation in the neocortex and hippocampus of 9 months old (M9) female mice. Results Transcriptomic analysis of the hippocampus and neocortex of both Wt and Tg mice at M9, following 5 months of vitamin D3 treatment, reveals a large panel of dysregulated pathways related to i) immune and inflammatory response, ii) neurotransmitter activity, iii) endothelial and vascular processes and iv) hormonal alterations. The differentially expressed genes are not all direct targets of the vitamin D-VDR pathway and it appears that vitamin D action engages in the crosstalk with estrogen and insulin signaling. The misexpression of the large number of genes observed in this study translates into improved learning and memory performance and a decrease in amyloid plaques and astrogliosis in Tg animals. Conclusions This study underlies the multiplicity of action of this potent neurosteroid in an aging and AD-like brain. The classical and non-classical actions of vitamin D3 can act in an additive and possibly synergistic manner to induce neuroprotective activities in a context-specific way. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0087-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dementia is a major cause of disability and institutionalization. Apart from age and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, there are currently no established, clinically relevant, noninvasive markers of dementia. We conducted a literature search of recent observational epidemiological studies evaluating the relevance of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoproteins as biomarkers of future and prevalent risk of dementia. RECENT FINDINGS HDL-C and apolipoproteins, such as apoE have been suggested to play important roles in brain function and have been associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in observational studies. However, findings have been inconsistent, especially across study designs. In recent years, modern proteomic approaches have enabled the investigation of further apolipoproteins involved in the deposition and clearance of β-amyloid, a determining factor for subsequent neurodegeneration. SUMMARY Associations in cross-sectional studies are not always indicative of a prospective relationship. Large studies find that plasma HDL-C and apoE are inversely associated with dementia. Higher apoJ levels might be a marker of prevalent dementia, but were not associated with risk of future dementia. The investigation of HDL-C and apolipoproteins in relation to dementia represents an area of opportunity. Additional prospective studies that account for potential confounding factors and that explore potential effect modifiers such as APOE genotype and sex are needed to fully investigate the potential of these noninvasive measures in disease prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Koch
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Majken K. Jensen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Si CM, Mao ZY, Zhou Z, Du ZT, Wei BG. Divergent synthesis of L-685,458 and its analogues involving one-pot intramolecular tandem sequence reaction. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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He ZX, Chen XW, Zhou ZW, Zhou SF. Impact of physiological, pathological and environmental factors on the expression and activity of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and implications in precision medicine. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:470-519. [PMID: 26574146 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With only 1.3-4.3% in total hepatic CYP content, human CYP2D6 can metabolize more than 160 drugs. It is a highly polymorphic enzyme and subject to marked inhibition by a number of drugs, causing a large interindividual variability in drug clearance and drug response and drug-drug interactions. The expression and activity of CYP2D6 are regulated by a number of physiological, pathological and environmental factors at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and epigenetic levels. DNA hypermethylation and histone modifications can repress the expression of CYP2D6. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α binds to a directly repeated element in the promoter of CYP2D6 and thus regulates the expression of CYP2D6. Small heterodimer partner represses hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α-mediated transactivation of CYP2D6. GW4064, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, decreases hepatic CYP2D6 expression and activity while increasing small heterodimer partner expression and its recruitment to the CYP2D6 promoter. The genotypes are key determinants of interindividual variability in CYP2D6 expression and activity. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified a large number of genes that can regulate CYP2D6. Pregnancy induces CYP2D6 via unknown mechanisms. Renal or liver diseases, smoking and alcohol use have minor to moderate effects only on CYP2D6 activity. Unlike CYP1 and 3 and other CYP2 members, CYP2D6 is resistant to typical inducers such as rifampin, phenobarbital and dexamethasone. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation of CYP2D6 Ser135 have been observed, but the functional impact is unknown. Further functional and validation studies are needed to clarify the role of nuclear receptors, epigenetic factors and other factors in the regulation of CYP2D6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xu He
- a Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou , China
| | - Xiao-Wu Chen
- b Department of General Surgery , The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Southern Medical University , Shunde , Foshan , Guangdong , China , and
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Science , College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- a Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou , China .,c Department of Pharmaceutical Science , College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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Koon NA, Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside-Dependent Neural Stem Cell Proliferation in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:1759091415618916. [PMID: 26699276 PMCID: PMC4710121 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415618916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation and formation of amyloid plaques by amyloid β-peptides (Aβs) is believed to be one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intriguingly, Aβs have also been shown to possess proliferative effects on neural stem cells (NSCs). Many essential cellular processes in NSCs, such as fate determination and proliferation, are heavily influenced by cell surface glycoconjugates, including gangliosides. It has recently been shown that Aβ1-42 alters several key glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. To further define the effects of Aβs and to clarify the potential mechanisms of action of those peptides on NSCs, NSCs were cultured from embryonic brains of the double-transgenic mouse model of AD [B6C3-Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/J] coexpressing mutants of amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) and presenilin1 (PSEN1dE9). We found that Aβs not only promoted cell proliferation but also altered expression of several key glycogenes for glycoconjugate metabolism, such as sialyltransferases II and III (ST-II & -III) in AD NSCs. In addition, we found upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor and Notch1 intracellular domain. Moreover, the increased expression of ST-II and -III coincided with the elevated levels of c-series gangliosides (A2B5+ antigens) in AD NSCs. Further, we revealed that epidermal growth factor signaling and gangliosides are necessary components on Aβ-stimulated NSC proliferation. Our present study has thus provided a novel mechanism for the upregulation of c-series ganglioside expression and increases in several NSC markers to account for the proliferative effect of Aβs on NSCs in AD mouse brain. These observations support the potential beneficial effects of Aβs and gangliosides in promoting neurogenesis in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A. Koon
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Robert K. Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
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Liu YJ, Chern Y. AMPK-mediated regulation of neuronal metabolism and function in brain diseases. J Neurogenet 2015; 29:50-8. [DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2015.1067203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kljajevic V. Overestimating the Effects of Healthy Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:164. [PMID: 26379545 PMCID: PMC4549645 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Kljajevic
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria & IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Raad Shakir
- Imperial College, London, UK; World Federation of Neurology, 1 Lyric Square, London W6 0NB, UK.
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