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Kizuka Y. Regulation of intracellular activity of N-glycan branching enzymes in mammals. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107471. [PMID: 38879010 PMCID: PMC11328876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Most proteins in the secretory pathway are glycosylated, and N-glycans are estimated to be attached to over 7000 proteins in humans. As structural variation of N-glycans critically regulates the functions of a particular glycoprotein, it is pivotal to understand how structural diversity of N-glycans is generated in cells. One of the major factors conferring structural variation of N-glycans is the variable number of N-acetylglucosamine branches. These branch structures are biosynthesized by dedicated glycosyltransferases, including GnT-III (MGAT3), GnT-IVa (MGAT4A), GnT-IVb (MGAT4B), GnT-V (MGAT5), and GnT-IX (GnT-Vb, MGAT5B). In addition, the presence or absence of core modification of N-glycans, namely, core fucose (included as an N-glycan branch in this manuscript), synthesized by FUT8, also confers large structural variation on N-glycans, thereby crucially regulating many protein-protein interactions. Numerous biochemical and medical studies have revealed that these branch structures are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanisms regulating the activity of the biosynthetic glycosyltransferases are yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the previous findings and recent updates regarding regulation of the activity of these N-glycan branching enzymes. We hope that such information will help readers to develop a comprehensive overview of the complex system regulating mammalian N-glycan maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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2
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Hale AT, Boudreau H, Devulapalli R, Duy PQ, Atchley TJ, Dewan MC, Goolam M, Fieggen G, Spader HL, Smith AA, Blount JP, Johnston JM, Rocque BG, Rozzelle CJ, Chong Z, Strahle JM, Schiff SJ, Kahle KT. The genetic basis of hydrocephalus: genes, pathways, mechanisms, and global impact. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38439105 PMCID: PMC10913327 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus (HC) is a heterogenous disease characterized by alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics that may cause increased intracranial pressure. HC is a component of a wide array of genetic syndromes as well as a secondary consequence of brain injury (intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), infection, etc.) that can present across the age spectrum, highlighting the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. Surgical treatments include ventricular shunting and endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization, both of which are prone to failure, and no effective pharmacologic treatments for HC have been developed. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the genetic architecture and molecular pathogenesis of HC. Without this knowledge, the development of preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures is impeded. However, the genetics of HC is extraordinarily complex, based on studies of varying size, scope, and rigor. This review serves to provide a comprehensive overview of genes, pathways, mechanisms, and global impact of genetics contributing to all etiologies of HC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK.
| | - Hunter Boudreau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK
| | - Rishi Devulapalli
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Travis J Atchley
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, FOT Suite 1060, 1720 2ndAve, Birmingham, AL, 35294, UK
| | - Michael C Dewan
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mubeen Goolam
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Graham Fieggen
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather L Spader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anastasia A Smith
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Blount
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - James M Johnston
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Brandon G Rocque
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Curtis J Rozzelle
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Zechen Chong
- Heflin Center for Genomics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Jennifer M Strahle
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Schiff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Koff M, Monagas-Valentin P, Novikov B, Chandel I, Panin V. Protein O-mannosylation: one sugar, several pathways, many functions. Glycobiology 2023; 33:911-926. [PMID: 37565810 PMCID: PMC10859634 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled numerous important functions of protein glycosylation in development, homeostasis, and diseases. A type of glycosylation taking the center stage is protein O-mannosylation, a posttranslational modification conserved in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to humans. In animals, protein O-mannosylation plays a crucial role in the nervous system, whereas protein O-mannosylation defects cause severe neurological abnormalities and congenital muscular dystrophies. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying protein O-mannosylation functions and biosynthesis remain not well understood. This review outlines recent studies on protein O-mannosylation while focusing on the functions in the nervous system, summarizes the current knowledge about protein O-mannosylation biosynthesis, and discusses the pathologies associated with protein O-mannosylation defects. The evolutionary perspective revealed by studies in the Drosophila model system are also highlighted. Finally, the review touches upon important knowledge gaps in the field and discusses critical questions for future research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with protein O-mannosylation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Koff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Pedro Monagas-Valentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Vladislav Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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4
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Liu YD, Tan DD, Song DY, Fan YB, Fu XN, Ge L, Wei W, Xiong H. Uniparental disomy for chromosome 1 with POMGNT1 splice-site variant causes muscle-eye-brain disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1170089. [PMID: 37342771 PMCID: PMC10277930 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1170089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
POMGNT1, encoding protein O-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, is one of the genes responsible for dystroglycanopathy (DGP), which includes multiple phenotypes such as muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB), congenital muscular dystrophy with intellectual disability, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy Here, we report a case of MEB that is the result of a homozygous variant of POMGNT1 that is revealed through uniparental disomy (UPD). An 8-month-old boy was admitted with mental and motor retardation, hypotonia, esotropia, early onset severe myopia, and structural brain abnormalities. A panel testing of genetic myopathy-related genes was used to identify a homozygous c.636C>T (p.Phe212Phe) variant in exon 7 of POMGNT1 in the patient, a heterozygous c.636C>T variant in the father, and the wild type in the mother. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) revealed no abnormal copy numbers in exon 7. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) revealed a possible paternal UPD on chromosome 1 of the patient. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) revealed a 120,451 kb loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 1p36.33-p11.2, encompassing POMGNT1, and a 99,319 kb loss of heterozygosity on 1q21.2-q44, which indicated UPD. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) verified that the c.636C>T variant was a splice-site variant, leading to skipping of exon 7 (p.Asp179Valfs*23). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of MEB caused by UPD, providing valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Yu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Na Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Beijing Kangso Medical Inspection Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Frederick CE, Zenisek D. Ribbon Synapses and Retinal Disease: Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5090. [PMID: 36982165 PMCID: PMC10049380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic ribbons are presynaptic protein complexes that are believed to be important for the transmission of sensory information in the visual system. Ribbons are selectively associated with those synapses where graded changes in membrane potential drive continuous neurotransmitter release. Defective synaptic transmission can arise as a result of the mutagenesis of a single ribbon component. Visual diseases that stem from malfunctions in the presynaptic molecular machinery of ribbon synapses in the retina are rare. In this review, we provide an overview of synaptopathies that give rise to retinal malfunction and our present understanding of the mechanisms that underlie their pathogenesis and discuss muscular dystrophies that exhibit ribbon synapse involvement in the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208026, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Jacquemin V, Versbraegen N, Duerinckx S, Massart A, Soblet J, Perazzolo C, Deconinck N, Brischoux-Boucher E, De Leener A, Revencu N, Janssens S, Moorgat S, Blaumeiser B, Avela K, Touraine R, Abou Jaoude I, Keymolen K, Saugier-Veber P, Lenaerts T, Abramowicz M, Pirson I. Congenital hydrocephalus: new Mendelian mutations and evidence for oligogenic inheritance. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:16. [PMID: 36859317 PMCID: PMC9979489 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hydrocephalus is characterized by ventriculomegaly, defined as a dilatation of cerebral ventricles, and thought to be due to impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis. Primary congenital hydrocephalus is a subset of cases with prenatal onset and absence of another primary cause, e.g., brain hemorrhage. Published series report a Mendelian cause in only a minority of cases. In this study, we analyzed exome data of PCH patients in search of novel causal genes and addressed the possibility of an underlying oligogenic mode of inheritance for PCH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sequenced the exome in 28 unrelated probands with PCH, 12 of whom from families with at least two affected siblings and 9 of whom consanguineous, thereby increasing the contribution of genetic causes. Patient exome data were first analyzed for rare (MAF < 0.005) transmitted or de novo variants. Population stratification of unrelated PCH patients and controls was determined by principle component analysis, and outliers identified using Mahalanobis distance 5% as cutoff. Patient and control exome data for genes biologically related to cilia (SYScilia database) were analyzed by mutation burden test. RESULTS In 18% of probands, we identify a causal (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) variant of a known hydrocephalus gene, including genes for postnatal, syndromic hydrocephalus, not previously reported in isolated PCH. In a further 11%, we identify mutations in novel candidate genes. Through mutation burden tests, we demonstrate a significant burden of genetic variants in genes coding for proteins of the primary cilium in PCH patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the low contribution of Mendelian mutations in PCH and reports PCH as a phenotypic presentation of some known genes known for syndromic, postnatal hydrocephalus. Furthermore, this study identifies novel Mendelian candidate genes, and provides evidence for oligogenic inheritance implicating primary cilia in PCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jacquemin
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nassim Versbraegen
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Duerinckx
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles and CUB Hôpital Erasme and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Massart
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.411414.50000 0004 0626 3418Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie Soblet
- grid.412157.40000 0000 8571 829XHuman Genetics Department, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Perazzolo
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- grid.412209.c0000 0004 0578 1002Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola and Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Centre de génétique humaine - CHU de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Anne De Leener
- grid.48769.340000 0004 0461 6320Centre de Génétique Humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc et Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Revencu
- grid.48769.340000 0004 0461 6320Centre de Génétique Humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc et Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Janssens
- grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stèphanie Moorgat
- grid.452439.d0000 0004 0578 0894Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bettina Blaumeiser
- grid.411414.50000 0004 0626 3418Center of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kristiina Avela
- grid.15485.3d0000 0000 9950 5666Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Renaud Touraine
- grid.412954.f0000 0004 1765 1491Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU de Saint-Etienne, St-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Imad Abou Jaoude
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Abou Jaoude Hospital, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Kathelijn Keymolen
- grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussels, Jette, Belgium
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Université Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Tom Lenaerts
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Pirson
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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GDP-Mannose Pyrophosphorylase B ( GMPPB)-Related Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020372. [PMID: 36833299 PMCID: PMC9956253 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B (GMPPB) is a cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose. Impaired GMPPB function reduces the amount of GDP-mannose available for the O-mannosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) and ultimately leads to disruptions of the link between α-DG and extracellular proteins, hence dystroglycanopathy. GMPPB-related disorders are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and caused by mutations in either a homozygous or compound heterozygous state. The clinical spectrum of GMPPB-related disorders spans from severe congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) with brain and eye abnormalities to mild forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) to recurrent rhabdomyolysis without overt muscle weakness. GMPPB mutations can also lead to the defect of neuromuscular transmission and congenital myasthenic syndrome due to altered glycosylation of the acetylcholine receptor subunits and other synaptic proteins. Such impairment of neuromuscular transmission is a unique feature of GMPPB-related disorders among dystroglycanopathies. LGMD is the most common phenotypic presentation, characterized by predominant proximal weakness involving lower more than upper limbs. Facial, ocular, bulbar, and respiratory muscles are largely spared. Some patients demonstrate fluctuating fatigable weakness suggesting neuromuscular junction involvement. Patients with CMD phenotype often also have structural brain defects, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and ophthalmic abnormalities. Creatine kinase levels are typically elevated, ranging from 2 to >50 times the upper limit of normal. Involvement of the neuromuscular junction is demonstrated by the decrement in the compound muscle action potential amplitude on low-frequency (2-3 Hz) repetitive nerve stimulation in proximal muscles but not in facial muscles. Muscle biopsies typically show myopathic changes with variable degrees of reduced α-DG expression. Higher mobility of β-DG on Western blotting represents a specific feature of GMPPB-related disorders, distinguishing it from other α-dystroglycanopathies. Patients with clinical and electrophysiologic features of neuromuscular transmission defect can respond to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors alone or combined with 3,4 diaminopyridine or salbutamol.
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8
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Monagas-Valentin P, Bridger R, Chandel I, Koff M, Novikov B, Schroeder P, Wells L, Panin V. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D is a substrate of protein O-mannosyltransferases 1-2 that is required for the wiring of sensory axons in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102890. [PMID: 36634851 PMCID: PMC9950532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in protein O-mannosyltransferases (POMTs) result in severe brain defects and congenital muscular dystrophies characterized by abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-Dg). However, neurological phenotypes of POMT mutants are not well understood, and the functional substrates of POMTs other than α-Dg remain unknown. Using a Drosophila model, here we reveal that Dg alone cannot account for the phenotypes of POMT mutants, and identify Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D (PTP69D) as a gene interacting with POMTs in producing the abdomen rotation phenotype. Using RNAi-mediated knockdown, mutant alleles, and a dominant-negative form of PTP69D, we reveal that PTP69D is required for the wiring of larval sensory axons. We also found that PTP69D and POMT genes interact in this process, and that their interactions lead to complex synergistic or antagonistic effects on axon wiring phenotypes, depending on the mode of genetic manipulation. Using glycoproteomic approaches, we further characterized the glycosylation of the PTP69D transgenic construct expressed in genetic strains with different levels of POMT activity. We found that the PTP69D construct carries many O-linked mannose modifications when expressed in Drosophila with wild-type or ectopically upregulated expression of POMTs. These modifications were absent in POMT mutants, suggesting that PTP69D is a substrate of POMT-mediated O-mannosylation. Taken together, our results indicate that PTP69D is a novel functional substrate of POMTs that is required for axon connectivity. This mechanism of POMT-mediated regulation of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase functions could potentially be conserved in mammals and may shed new light on the etiology of neurological defects in muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Monagas-Valentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Bridger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa Koff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Schroeder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Vladislav Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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9
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Jiang H, Feng Y, He G, Liu Y, Li X. Analysis of the expression and distribution of protein O-linked mannose β1,2- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 in the normal adult mouse brain. Front Neuroanat 2023; 16:1043924. [PMID: 36686576 PMCID: PMC9853526 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1043924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Protein O-linked mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGNT1) is crucial for the elongation of O-mannosyl glycans. Mutations in POMGNT1 cause muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease, one of the main features of which is anatomical aberrations in the brain. A growing number of studies have shown that defects in POMGNT1 affect neuronal migration and distribution, disrupt basement membranes, and misalign Cajal-Retzius cells. Several studies have examined the distribution and expression of POMGNT1 in the fetal or neonatal brain for neurodevelopmental studies in the mouse or human brain. However, little is known about the neuroanatomical distribution and expression of POMGNT1 in the normal adult mouse brain. Methods We analyzed the expression of POMGNT1 mRNA and protein in the brains of various neuroanatomical regions and spinal cords by western blotting and RT-qPCR. We also detected the distribution profile of POMGnT1 in normal adult mouse brains by immunohistochemistry and double-immunofluorescence. Results In the present study, we found that POMGNT1-positive cells were widely distributed in various regions of the brain, with high levels of expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In terms of cell type, POMGNT1 was predominantly expressed in neurons and was mainly enriched in glutamatergic neurons; to a lesser extent, it was expressed in glial cells. At the subcellular level, POMGNT1 was mainly co-localized with the Golgi apparatus, but expression in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria could not be excluded. Discussion The present study suggests that POMGNT1, although widely expressed in various brain regions, may has some regional and cellular specificity, and the outcomes of this study provide a new laboratory basis for revealing the possible involvement of POMGNT1 in normal physiological functions of the brain from a morphological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxue Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yuanjie Liu,
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Xiaofeng Li,
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10
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Ruan J, McKee KK, Yurchenco PD, Yao Y. Exogenous laminin exhibits a unique vascular pattern in the brain via binding to dystroglycan and integrins. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:97. [PMID: 36463265 PMCID: PMC9719645 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike other proteins that exhibit a diffusion pattern after intracerebral injection, laminin displays a vascular pattern. It remains unclear if this unique vascular pattern is caused by laminin-receptor interaction or laminin self-assembly. METHODS We compared the distribution of various wild-type laminin isoforms in the brain after intracerebral injection. To determine what causes the unique vascular pattern of laminin in the brain, laminin mutants with impaired receptor-binding and/or self-assembly activities and function-blocking antibodies to laminin receptors were used. In addition, the dynamics of laminin distribution and elimination were examined at multiple time points after intracerebral injection. RESULTS We found that β2-containing laminins had higher affinity for the vessels compared to β1-containing laminins. In addition, laminin mutants lacking receptor-binding domains but not that lacking self-assembly capability showed substantially reduced vascular pattern. Consistent with this finding, dystroglycan (DAG1) function-blocking antibody significantly reduced the vascular pattern of wild-type laminin-111. Although failed to affect the vascular pattern when used alone, integrin-β1 function-blocking antibody further decreased the vascular pattern when combined with DAG1 antibody. EDTA, which impaired laminini-DAG1 interaction by chelating Ca2+, also attenuated the vascular pattern. Immunohistochemistry revealed that laminins were predominantly located in the perivascular space in capillaries and venules/veins but not arterioles/arteries. The time-course study showed that laminin mutants with impaired receptor-engaging activity were more efficiently eliminated from the brain compared to their wild-type counterparts. Concordantly, significantly higher levels of mutant laminins were detected in the cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that intracerebrally injected laminins are enriched in the perivascular space in a receptor (DAG1/integrin)-dependent rather than self-assembly-dependent manner and eliminated from the brain mainly via the perivascular clearance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Ruan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Karen K McKee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert W. Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peter D Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers University-Robert W. Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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11
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Nakano M, Imamura R, Sugi T, Nishimura M. Human FAM3C restores memory-based thermotaxis of Caenorhabditis elegans famp-1/m70.4 loss-of-function mutants. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac242. [PMID: 36712359 PMCID: PMC9802357 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) superfamily represents a distinct class of signaling molecules that share a characteristic structural feature. Mammalian FAM3 member C (FAM3C) is abundantly expressed in neuronal cells and released from the synaptic vesicle to the extracellular milieu in an activity-dependent manner. However, the neural function of FAM3C has yet to be fully clarified. We found that the protein sequence of human FAM3C is similar to that of the N-terminal tandem domains of Caenorhabditis elegans FAMP-1 (formerly named M70.4), which has been recognized as a tentative ortholog of mammalian FAM3 members or protein-O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1). Missense mutations in the N-terminal domain, named Fam3L2, caused defects in memory-based thermotaxis but not in chemotaxis behaviors; these defects could be restored by AFD neuron-specific exogenous expression of a polypeptide corresponding to the Fam3L2 domain but not that corresponding to the Fam3L1. Moreover, human FAM3C could also rescue defective thermotaxis behavior in famp-1 mutant worms. An in vitro assay revealed that the Fam3L2 and FAM3C can bind with carbohydrates, similar to the stem domain of POMGnT1. The athermotactic mutations in the Fam3L2 domain caused a partial loss-of-function of FAMP-1, whereas the C-terminal truncation mutations led to more severe neural dysfunction that reduced locomotor activity. Overall, we show that the Fam3L2 domain-dependent function of FAMP-1 in AFD neurons is required for the thermotaxis migration of C. elegans and that human FAM3C can act as a substitute for the Fam3L2 domain in thermotaxis behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nakano
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryuki Imamura
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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12
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Eker D, Gurkan H, Karal Y, Yalcintepe S, Demir S, Atli E, Karasalihoglu ST. Investigating the Genetic Etiology of Pediatric Patients with Peripheral Hypotonia Using the Next-Generation Sequencing Method. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:200-207. [PMID: 35846108 PMCID: PMC9286875 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Hypotonia occurs as a result of neurological dysfunction in the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, motor neurons, anterior horn cells, peripheral nerves, and muscles. Although the genotype–phenotype correlation can be established in 15 to 30% of patients, it is difficult to obtain a correlation in most cases.
Aims
This study was aimed to investigate the genetic etiology in cases of peripheral hypotonia that could not be diagnosed using conventional methods.
Methods
A total of 18 pediatric patients with peripheral hypotonia were included. They were referred to our genetic disorders diagnosis center from the Pediatric Neurology Department with a prediagnosis of hypotonia. A custom designed multigene panel, including
ACTA1
,
CCDC78
,
DYNC1H1
,
GARS
,
RYR1
,
COL6A1
,
COL6A2
,
COL6A3
,
FKRP
,
FKTN
,
IGHMBP2
,
LMNA
,
LAMA2
,
LARGE1
,
MTM1
,
NEM
,
POMGnT1
,
POMT1
,
POMT2
, and
SEPN1
, was used for genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Results
In our study, we found 13 variants including pathogenic (two variants in LAMA2) and likely pathogenic variants (three variants in RYR1 and POMGnT1) and variants of uncertain clinical significance (eight variants in RYR1, COL6A3, COL6A2, POMGnT1 and POMT1) in 11 (61%) out of 18 patients. In one of our patients, a homozygous, likely pathogenic c.1649G > A, p.(Ser550Asn) variant was defined in the
POMGnT1
gene which was associated with a muscle–eye–brain disease phenotype.
Conclusion
The contribution of an in-house designed gene panel in the etiology of peripheral hypotonia with a clinical diagnosis was 5.5%. An important contribution with the clinical diagnosis can be made using the targeted multigene panels in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Eker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Karal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yalcintepe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Engin Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Serap T. Karasalihoglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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13
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Effects of low-intensity training on the brain and muscle in the congenital muscular dystrophy 1D model. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4493-4502. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Venkat A, Tehrani D, Taujale R, Yeung W, Gravel N, Moremen KW, Kannan N. Modularity of the hydrophobic core and evolution of functional diversity in fold A glycosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102212. [PMID: 35780833 PMCID: PMC9364030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic cores are fundamental structural properties of proteins typically associated with protein folding and stability; however, how the hydrophobic core shapes protein evolution and function is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of conserved hydrophobic cores in fold-A glycosyltransferases (GT-As), a large superfamily of enzymes that catalyze formation of glycosidic linkages between diverse donor and acceptor substrates through distinct catalytic mechanisms (inverting versus retaining). Using hidden Markov models and protein structural alignments, we identify similarities in the phosphate-binding cassette (PBC) of GT-As and unrelated nucleotide-binding proteins, such as UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylases. We demonstrate that GT-As have diverged from other nucleotide-binding proteins through structural elaboration of the PBC and its unique hydrophobic tethering to the F-helix, which harbors the catalytic base (xED-Asp). While the hydrophobic tethering is conserved across diverse GT-A fold enzymes, some families, such as B3GNT2, display variations in tethering interactions and core packing. We evaluated the structural and functional impact of these core variations through experimental mutational analysis and molecular dynamics simulations and find that some of the core mutations (T336I in B3GNT2) increase catalytic efficiency by modulating the conformational occupancy of the catalytic base between “D-in” and acceptor-accessible “D-out” conformation. Taken together, our studies support a model of evolution in which the GT-A core evolved progressively through elaboration upon an ancient PBC found in diverse nucleotide-binding proteins, and malleability of this core provided the structural framework for evolving new catalytic and substrate-binding functions in extant GT-A fold enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Tehrani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rahil Taujale
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan Gravel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center (CCRC), Athens, GA, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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15
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Hang J, Wang J, Lu M, Xue Y, Qiao J, Tao L. Protein O-mannosylation across kingdoms and related diseases: From glycobiology to glycopathology. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112685. [PMID: 35149389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-translational glycosylation of proteins by O-linked α-mannose is conserved from bacteria to humans. Due to advances in high-throughput mass spectrometry-based approaches, a variety of glycoproteins are identified to be O-mannosylated. Various proteins with O-mannosylation are involved in biological processes, providing essential necessity for proper growth and development. In this review, we summarize the process and regulation of O-mannosylation. The multi-step O-mannosylation procedures are quite dynamic and complex, especially when considering the structural and functional inspection of the involved enzymes. The widely studied O-mannosylated proteins in human include α-Dystroglycan (α-DG), cadherins, protocadherins, and plexin, and their aberrant O-mannosylation are associated with many diseases. In addition, O-mannosylation also contributes to diverse functions in lower eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Finally, we present the relationship between O-mannosylation and gut microbiota (GM), and elucidate that O-mannosylation in microbiome is of great importance in the dynamic balance of GM. Our study provides an overview of the processes of O-mannosylation in mammalian cells and other organisms, and also associated regulated enzymes and biological functions, which could contribute to the understanding of newly discovered O-mannosylated glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Minzhen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuchuan Xue
- The First Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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16
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Ossola C, Kalebic N. Roots of the Malformations of Cortical Development in the Cell Biology of Neural Progenitor Cells. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:817218. [PMID: 35069108 PMCID: PMC8766818 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.817218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is a structure that underlies various brain functions, including cognition and language. Mammalian cerebral cortex starts developing during the embryonic period with the neural progenitor cells generating neurons. Newborn neurons migrate along progenitors’ radial processes from the site of their origin in the germinal zones to the cortical plate, where they mature and integrate in the forming circuitry. Cell biological features of neural progenitors, such as the location and timing of their mitoses, together with their characteristic morphologies, can directly or indirectly regulate the abundance and the identity of their neuronal progeny. Alterations in the complex and delicate process of cerebral cortex development can lead to malformations of cortical development (MCDs). They include various structural abnormalities that affect the size, thickness and/or folding pattern of the developing cortex. Their clinical manifestations can entail a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as epilepsy, developmental delay, intellectual disability, or autism spectrum disorder. The recent advancements of molecular and neuroimaging techniques, along with the development of appropriate in vitro and in vivo model systems, have enabled the assessment of the genetic and environmental causes of MCDs. Here we broadly review the cell biological characteristics of neural progenitor cells and focus on those features whose perturbations have been linked to MCDs.
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17
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Sandonà M, Saccone V. Post-translational Modification in Muscular Dystrophies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1382:71-84. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05460-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Lo Faro V, Nolte IM, Ten Brink JB, Snieder H, Jansonius NM, Bergen AA. Mitochondrial Genome Study Identifies Association Between Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Variants in MT-CYB, MT-ND4 Genes and Haplogroups. Front Genet 2021; 12:781189. [PMID: 34976016 PMCID: PMC8719162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.781189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is an optic neuropathy characterized by death of retinal ganglion cells and atrophy of the optic nerve head. The susceptibility of the optic nerve to damage has been shown to be mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to determine a possible association between mitochondrial SNPs or haplogroups and POAG. Methods: Mitochondrial DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) were genotyped using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array-24 (GSA) 700K array set. Genetic analyses were performed in a POAG case-control study involving the cohorts, Groningen Longitudinal Glaucoma Study-Lifelines Cohort Study and Amsterdam Glaucoma Study, including 721 patients and 1951 controls in total. We excluded samples not passing quality control for nuclear genotypes and samples with low call rate for mitochondrial variation. The mitochondrial variants were analyzed both as SNPs and haplogroups. These were determined with the bioinformatics software HaploGrep, and logistic regression analysis was used for the association, as well as for SNPs. Results: Meta-analysis of the results from both cohorts revealed a significant association between POAG and the allele A of rs2853496 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.64; p = 0.006] within the MT-ND4 gene, and for the T allele of rs35788393 (OR = 0.75; p = 0.041) located in the MT-CYB gene. In the mitochondrial haplogroup analysis, the most significant p-value was reached by haplogroup K (p = 1.2 × 10−05), which increases the risk of POAG with an OR of 5.8 (95% CI 2.7–13.1). Conclusion: We identified an association between POAG and polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genes MT-ND4 (rs2853496) and MT-CYB (rs35788393), and with haplogroup K. The present study provides further evidence that mitochondrial genome variations are implicated in POAG. Further genetic and functional studies are required to substantiate the association between mitochondrial gene polymorphisms and POAG and to define the pathophysiological mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lo Faro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilja M. Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B. Ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nomdo M. Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Arthur A. Bergen,
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19
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Kanagawa M. Dystroglycanopathy: From Elucidation of Molecular and Pathological Mechanisms to Development of Treatment Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313162. [PMID: 34884967 PMCID: PMC8658603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycanopathy is a collective term referring to muscular dystrophies with abnormal glycosylation of dystroglycan. At least 18 causative genes of dystroglycanopathy have been identified, and its clinical symptoms are diverse, ranging from severe congenital to adult-onset limb-girdle types. Moreover, some cases are associated with symptoms involving the central nervous system. In the 2010s, the structure of sugar chains involved in the onset of dystroglycanopathy and the functions of its causative gene products began to be identified as if they were filling the missing pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. In parallel with these discoveries, various dystroglycanopathy model mice had been created, which led to the elucidation of its pathological mechanisms. Then, treatment strategies based on the molecular basis of glycosylation began to be proposed after the latter half of the 2010s. This review briefly explains the sugar chain structure of dystroglycan and the functions of the causative gene products of dystroglycanopathy, followed by introducing the pathological mechanisms involved as revealed from analyses of dystroglycanopathy model mice. Finally, potential therapeutic approaches based on the pathological mechanisms involved are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kanagawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, 454 Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
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20
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Mohamadian M, Rastegar M, Pasamanesh N, Ghadiri A, Ghandil P, Naseri M. Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Muscular Dystrophies (MDs) with Intellectual Disability (ID): a Comprehensive Overview. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:9-23. [PMID: 34727324 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies encompass a wide and heterogeneous subset of hereditary myopathies that manifest by the structural or functional abnormalities in the skeletal muscle. Some pathogenic mutations induce a dysfunction or loss of proteins that are critical for the stability of muscle cells, leading to progressive muscle degradation and weakening. Several studies have well-established cognitive deficits in muscular dystrophies which are mainly due to the disruption of brain-specific expression of affected muscle proteins. We provide a comprehensive overview of the types of muscular dystrophies that are accompanied by intellectual disability by detailed consulting of the main libraries. The current paper focuses on the clinical and molecular evidence about Duchenne, congenital, limb-girdle, and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophies as well as myotonic dystrophies. Because these syndromes impose a heavy burden of psychological and financial problems on patients, their families, and the health care community, a thorough examination is necessary to perform timely psychological and medical interventions and thus improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mohamadian
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, 616476515.
| | - Mandana Rastegar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Negin Pasamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pegah Ghandil
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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21
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Monticolo F, Chiusano ML. Computational Approaches for Cancer-Fighting: From Gene Expression to Functional Foods. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4207. [PMID: 34439361 PMCID: PMC8393935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is today widely accepted that a healthy diet is very useful to prevent the risk for cancer or its deleterious effects. Nutrigenomics studies are therefore taking place with the aim to test the effects of nutrients at molecular level and contribute to the search for anti-cancer treatments. These efforts are expanding the precious source of information necessary for the selection of natural compounds useful for the design of novel drugs or functional foods. Here we present a computational study to select new candidate compounds that could play a role in cancer prevention and care. Starting from a dataset of genes that are co-expressed in programmed cell death experiments, we investigated on nutrigenomics treatments inducing apoptosis, and searched for compounds that determine the same expression pattern. Subsequently, we selected cancer types where the genes showed an opposite expression pattern and we confirmed that the apoptotic/nutrigenomics expression trend had a significant positive survival in cancer-affected patients. Furthermore, we considered the functional interactors of the genes as defined by public protein-protein interaction data, and inferred on their involvement in cancers and/or in programmed cell death. We identified 7 genes and, from available nutrigenomics experiments, 6 compounds effective on their expression. These 6 compounds were exploited to identify, by ligand-based virtual screening, additional molecules with similar structure. We checked for ADME criteria and selected 23 natural compounds representing suitable candidates for further testing their efficacy in apoptosis induction. Due to their presence in natural resources, novel drugs and/or the design of functional foods are conceivable from the presented results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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22
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Lovera M, Lüders J. The ciliary impact of nonciliary gene mutations. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:876-887. [PMID: 34183231 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding centriolar or ciliary proteins cause diseases collectively known as 'ciliopathies'. Interestingly, the Human Phenotype Ontology database lists numerous disorders that display clinical features reminiscent of ciliopathies but do not involve defects in the centriole-cilium proteome. Instead, defects in different cellular compartments may impair cilia indirectly and cause additional, nonciliopathy phenotypes. This phenotypic heterogeneity, perhaps combined with the field's centriole-cilium-centric view, may have hindered the recognition of ciliary contributions. Identifying these diseases and dissecting how the underlying gene mutations impair cilia not only will add to our understanding of cilium assembly and function but also may open up new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lovera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jens Lüders
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Nissenkorn A, Yosovich K, Leibovitz Z, Hartman TG, Zelcer I, Hugirat M, Lev D, Lerman-Sagie T, Blumkin L. Congenital Mirror Movements Associated With Brain Malformations. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:545-555. [PMID: 33413009 DOI: 10.1177/0883073820984068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital mirror movements are involuntary movements of a side of the body imitating intentional movements on the opposite side, appearing in early childhood and persisting beyond 7 years of age. Congenital mirror movements are usually idiopathic but have been reported in association with various brain malformations. METHODS We describe clinical, genetic, and radiologic features in 9 individuals from 5 families manifesting congenital mirror movements. RESULTS The brain malformations associated with congenital mirror movements were: dysplastic corpus callosum in father and daughter with a heterozygous p.Met1* mutation in DCC; hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, and malformed vermis in a mother and son with a heterozygous p.Thr312Met mutation in TUBB3; dysplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, abnormal vermis, and asymmetric ventricles in a father and 2 daughters with a heterozygous p.Arg121Trp mutation in TUBB; hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, malformed basal ganglia and abnormal vermis in a patient with a heterozygous p.Glu155Asp mutation in TUBA1A; hydrocephalus, hypoplastic corpus callosum, polymicrogyria, and cerebellar cysts in a patient with a homozygous p.Pro312Leu mutation in POMGNT1. CONCLUSION DCC, TUBB3, TUBB, TUBA1A, POMGNT1 cause abnormal axonal guidance via different mechanisms and result in congenital mirror movements associated with brain malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Nissenkorn
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Yosovich
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Zvi Leibovitz
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tamar Gur Hartman
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Pediatric Movement Disorders Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Itay Zelcer
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, 61172HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Mohammad Hugirat
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, 61172HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Fetal Neurology Clinic, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Lubov Blumkin
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Movement Disorders Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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24
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Imae R, Kuwabara N, Manya H, Tanaka T, Tsuyuguchi M, Mizuno M, Endo T, Kato R. The structure of POMGNT2 provides new insights into the mechanism to determine the functional O-mannosylation site on α-dystroglycan. Genes Cells 2021; 26:485-494. [PMID: 33893702 PMCID: PMC8360118 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the O‐mannosyl glycan of α‐dystroglycan (α‐DG) are associated with α‐dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies. While α‐DG has many O‐mannosylation sites, only the specific positions can be modified with the functional O‐mannosyl glycan, namely, core M3‐type glycan. POMGNT2 is a glycosyltransferase which adds β1,4‐linked GlcNAc to the O‐mannose (Man) residue to acquire core M3‐type glycan. Although it is assumed that POMGNT2 extends the specific O‐Man residues around particular amino acid sequences, the details are not well understood. Here, we determined a series of crystal structures of POMGNT2 with and without the acceptor O‐mannosyl peptides and identified the critical interactions between POMGNT2 and the acceptor peptide. POMGNT2 has an N‐terminal catalytic domain and a C‐terminal fibronectin type III (FnIII) domain and forms a dimer. The acceptor peptide is sandwiched between the two protomers. The catalytic domain of one protomer recognizes the O‐mannosylation site (TPT motif), and the FnIII domain of the other protomer recognizes the C‐terminal region of the peptide. Structure‐based mutational studies confirmed that amino acid residues of the catalytic domain interacting with mannose or the TPT motif are essential for POMGNT2 enzymatic activity. In addition, the FnIII domain is also essential for the activity and it interacts with the peptide mainly by hydrophobic interaction. Our study provides the first atomic‐resolution insights into specific acceptor recognition by the FnIII domain of POMGNT2. The catalytic mechanism of POMGNT2 is proposed based on the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Imae
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kuwabara
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Institute of Materials Structure Science, Structural Biology Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Masato Tsuyuguchi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Institute of Materials Structure Science, Structural Biology Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Institute of Materials Structure Science, Structural Biology Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
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25
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Lou F, Gao T, Han Z. Identification of putative key genes for thermal adaptation in the Japanese mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria) through population genomic analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100828. [PMID: 33838619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between genetic variation and the adaptation of Oratosquilla oratoria populations to different habitat temperature. Here, the genome-wide genetic information of three O. oratoria populations were obtained by IIB restriction site-associated DNA (2b-RAD) sequencing and 2403 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Based on the 2403 SNPs, we found a remarkable genetic differentiation between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea groups of O. oratoria. Furthermore, 63 SNPs are thought to be associated with different sea temperatures. Based on the 63 SNPs, it is hypothesised that the long-term temperature differences may contribute to the variation of genes associated with multiple biological functions, such as material metabolism, cytoskeleton, cellular processes, inflammatory response and hormonal regulation. This study provides new information for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between genetic variation and the adaptation of Oratosquilla oratoria populations to different temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Lou
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China; School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, China.
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26
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Narimatsu Y, Büll C, Chen YH, Wandall HH, Yang Z, Clausen H. Genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100448. [PMID: 33617880 PMCID: PMC8042171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nuclease-based gene-editing technologies have enabled precise, stable, and systematic genetic engineering of glycosylation capacities in mammalian cells, opening up a plethora of opportunities for studying the glycome and exploiting glycans in biomedicine. Glycoengineering using chemical, enzymatic, and genetic approaches has a long history, and precise gene editing provides a nearly unlimited playground for stable engineering of glycosylation in mammalian cells to explore and dissect the glycome and its many biological functions. Genetic engineering of glycosylation in cells also brings studies of the glycome to the single cell level and opens up wider use and integration of data in traditional omics workflows in cell biology. The last few years have seen new applications of glycoengineering in mammalian cells with perspectives for wider use in basic and applied glycosciences, and these have already led to discoveries of functions of glycans and improved designs of glycoprotein therapeutics. Here, we review the current state of the art of genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells and highlight emerging opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Büll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Hans H Wandall
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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Noor SI, Hoffmann M, Rinis N, Bartels MF, Winterhalter PR, Hoelscher C, Hennig R, Himmelreich N, Thiel C, Ruppert T, Rapp E, Strahl S. Glycosyltransferase POMGNT1 deficiency strengthens N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100433. [PMID: 33610554 PMCID: PMC7994789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in protein O-mannosylation lead to severe congenital muscular dystrophies collectively known as α-dystroglycanopathy. A hallmark of these diseases is the loss of the O-mannose-bound matriglycan on α-dystroglycan, which reduces cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Mutations in protein O-mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGNT1), which is crucial for the elongation of O-mannosyl glycans, have mainly been associated with muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease. In addition to defects in cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, aberrant cell-cell adhesion has occasionally been observed in response to defects in POMGNT1. However, specific molecular consequences of POMGNT1 deficiency on cell-cell adhesion are largely unknown. We used POMGNT1 knockout HEK293T cells and fibroblasts from an MEB patient to gain deeper insight into the molecular changes in POMGNT1 deficiency. Biochemical and molecular biological techniques combined with proteomics, glycoproteomics, and glycomics revealed that a lack of POMGNT1 activity strengthens cell-cell adhesion. We demonstrate that the altered intrinsic adhesion properties are due to an increased abundance of N-cadherin (N-Cdh). In addition, site-specific changes in the N-glycan structures in the extracellular domain of N-Cdh were detected, which positively impact on homotypic interactions. Moreover, in POMGNT1-deficient cells, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways are activated and transcriptional changes that are comparable with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are triggered, defining a possible molecular mechanism underlying the observed phenotype. Our study indicates that changes in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and other EMT-related processes may contribute to the complex clinical symptoms of MEB or α-dystroglycanopathy in general and suggests that the impact of changes in O-mannosylation on N-glycosylation has been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ibne Noor
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Rinis
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Bartels
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick R Winterhalter
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Hoelscher
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany; glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nastassja Himmelreich
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department Pediatrics I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Bioprocess Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany; glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Strahl
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Glycobiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Ferent J, Zaidi D, Francis F. Extracellular Control of Radial Glia Proliferation and Scaffolding During Cortical Development and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578341. [PMID: 33178693 PMCID: PMC7596222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of the cortex, newly generated neurons migrate long-distances in the expanding tissue to reach their final positions. Pyramidal neurons are produced from dorsal progenitors, e.g., radial glia (RGs) in the ventricular zone, and then migrate along RG processes basally toward the cortex. These neurons are hence dependent upon RG extensions to support their migration from apical to basal regions. Several studies have investigated how intracellular determinants are required for RG polarity and subsequent formation and maintenance of their processes. Fewer studies have identified the influence of the extracellular environment on this architecture. This review will focus on extracellular factors which influence RG morphology and pyramidal neuronal migration during normal development and their perturbations in pathology. During cortical development, RGs are present in different strategic positions: apical RGs (aRGs) have their cell bodies located in the ventricular zone with an apical process contacting the ventricle, while they also have a basal process extending radially to reach the pial surface of the cortex. This particular conformation allows aRGs to be exposed to long range and short range signaling cues, whereas basal RGs (bRGs, also known as outer RGs, oRGs) have their cell bodies located throughout the cortical wall, limiting their access to ventricular factors. Long range signals impacting aRGs include secreted molecules present in the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., Neuregulin, EGF, FGF, Wnt, BMP). Secreted molecules also contribute to the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, laminin, reelin). Classical short range factors include cell to cell signaling, adhesion molecules and mechano-transduction mechanisms (e.g., TAG1, Notch, cadherins, mechanical tension). Changes in one or several of these components influencing the RG extracellular environment can disrupt the development or maintenance of RG architecture on which neuronal migration relies, leading to a range of cortical malformations. First, we will detail the known long range signaling cues impacting RG. Then, we will review how short range cell contacts are also important to instruct the RG framework. Understanding how RG processes are structured by their environment to maintain and support radial migration is a critical part of the investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ferent
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Donia Zaidi
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
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29
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Asano M. Various biological functions of carbohydrate chains learned from glycosyltransferase-deficient mice. Exp Anim 2020; 69:261-268. [PMID: 32281559 PMCID: PMC7445053 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.20-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate chains are attached to various proteins and lipids and modify their functions. The complex structures of carbohydrate chains, which have various biological functions, are involved not only in regulating protein conformation, transport, and stability but also in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These functional carbohydrate structures are designated as "glyco-codes." Carbohydrate chains are constructed through complex reactions of glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide sugars, and protein and lipid substrates in a cell. To elucidate the functions of carbohydrate chains, I and my colleagues generated and characterized knockout (KO) mice of galactosyltransferase family genes. In this review, I introduce our studies about galactosyltransferase family genes together with related studies performed by other researchers, which I presented in my award lecture for the Ando-Tajima Prize of the Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science (JALAS) in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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30
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The ties that bind: functional clusters in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 32727611 PMCID: PMC7389686 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a genetically pleiomorphic class of inherited muscle diseases that are known to share phenotypic features. Selected LGMD genetic subtypes have been studied extensively in affected humans and various animal models. In some cases, these investigations have led to human clinical trials of potential disease-modifying therapies, including gene replacement strategies for individual subtypes using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The cellular localizations of most proteins associated with LGMD have been determined. However, the functions of these proteins are less uniformly characterized, thus limiting our knowledge of potential common disease mechanisms across subtype boundaries. Correspondingly, broad therapeutic strategies that could each target multiple LGMD subtypes remain less developed. We believe that three major "functional clusters" of subcellular activities relevant to LGMD merit further investigation. The best known of these is the glycosylation modifications associated with the dystroglycan complex. The other two, mechanical signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction, have been studied less systematically but are just as promising with respect to the identification of significant mechanistic subgroups of LGMD. A deeper understanding of these disease pathways could yield a new generation of precision therapies that would each be expected to treat a broader range of LGMD patients than a single subtype, thus expanding the scope of the molecular medicines that may be developed for this complex array of muscular dystrophies.
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31
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Shivgan AT, Marzinek JK, Huber RG, Krah A, Henchman RH, Matsudaira P, Verma CS, Bond PJ. Extending the Martini Coarse-Grained Force Field to N-Glycans. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3864-3883. [PMID: 32702979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycans play a vital role in a large number of cellular processes. Their complex and flexible nature hampers structure-function studies using experimental techniques. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can help in understanding dynamic aspects of glycans if the force field parameters used can reproduce key experimentally observed properties. Here, we present optimized coarse-grained (CG) Martini force field parameters for N-glycans, calibrated against experimentally derived binding affinities for lectins. The CG bonded parameters were obtained from atomistic (ATM) simulations for different glycan topologies including high mannose and complex glycans with various branching patterns. In the CG model, additional elastic networks are shown to improve maintenance of the overall conformational distribution. Solvation free energies and octanol-water partition coefficients were also calculated for various N-glycan disaccharide combinations. When using standard Martini nonbonded parameters, we observed that glycans spontaneously aggregated in the solution and required down-scaling of their interactions for reproduction of ATM model radial distribution functions. We also optimized the nonbonded interactions for glycans interacting with seven lectin candidates and show that a relatively modest scaling down of the glycan-protein interactions can reproduce free energies obtained from experimental studies. These parameters should be of use in studying the role of glycans in various glycoproteins and carbohydrate binding proteins as well as their complexes, while benefiting from the efficiency of CG sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwary T Shivgan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.,Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Jan K Marzinek
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Roland G Huber
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Alexander Krah
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Richard H Henchman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Matsudaira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.,Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.,Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Peter J Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.,Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
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32
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Congenital hearing impairment associated with peripheral cochlear nerve dysmyelination in glycosylation-deficient muscular dystrophy. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008826. [PMID: 32453729 PMCID: PMC7274486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common sensory impairments and etiologically and genetically heterogeneous disorders in humans. Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle accompanied by non-muscular symptoms. Aberrant glycosylation of α-dystroglycan causes at least eighteen subtypes of MD, now categorized as MD-dystroglycanopathy (MD-DG), with a wide spectrum of non-muscular symptoms. Despite a growing number of MD-DG subtypes and increasing evidence regarding their molecular pathogeneses, no comprehensive study has investigated sensorineural HL (SNHL) in MD-DG. Here, we found that two mouse models of MD-DG, Largemyd/myd and POMGnT1-KO mice, exhibited congenital, non-progressive, and mild-to-moderate SNHL in auditory brainstem response (ABR) accompanied by extended latency of wave I. Profoundly abnormal myelination was found at the peripheral segment of the cochlear nerve, which is rich in the glycosylated α-dystroglycan–laminin complex and demarcated by “the glial dome.” In addition, patients with Fukuyama congenital MD, a type of MD-DG, also had latent SNHL with extended latency of wave I in ABR. Collectively, these findings indicate that hearing impairment associated with impaired Schwann cell-mediated myelination at the peripheral segment of the cochlear nerve is a notable symptom of MD-DG. Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common sensory impairments and heterogeneous disorders in humans. Up to 60% of HL cases are caused by genetic factors, and approximately 30% of genetic HL cases are syndromic. Although 400–700 genetic syndromes are associated with sensorineural HL (SNHL), caused due to problems in the nerve pathways from the cochlea to the brain, only about 45 genes are known to be associated with syndromic HL. Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle accompanied by non-muscular symptoms. MD-dystroglycanopathy (MD-DG), caused by aberrant glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, is an MD subtype with a wide spectrum of non-muscular symptoms. Despite a growing number of MD-DG subtypes (at least 18), no comprehensive study has investigated SNHL in MD-DG. Here, we found that hearing impairment was associated with abnormal myelination of the peripheral segment of the cochlear nerve caused by impaired dystrophin–dystroglycan complex in two mouse models (type 3 and 6) of MD-DG and in patients (type 4) with MD-DG. This is the first comprehensive study investigating SNHL in MD-DG. Our findings may provide new insights into understanding the pathogenic characteristics and mechanisms underlying inherited syndromic hearing impairment.
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33
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Liu Y, Yu M, Shang X, Nguyen MHH, Balakrishnan S, Sager R, Hu H. Eyes shut homolog (EYS) interacts with matriglycan of O-mannosyl glycans whose deficiency results in EYS mislocalization and degeneration of photoreceptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7795. [PMID: 32385361 PMCID: PMC7210881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in eyes shut homolog (EYS), a secreted extracellular matrix protein containing multiple laminin globular (LG) domains, and in protein O-mannose β1, 2-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase 1 (POMGnT1), an enzyme involved in O-mannosyl glycosylation, cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP), RP25 and RP76, respectively. How EYS and POMGnT1 regulate photoreceptor survival is poorly understood. Since some LG domain-containing proteins function by binding to the matriglycan moiety of O-mannosyl glycans, we hypothesized that EYS interacted with matriglycans as well. To test this hypothesis, we performed EYS Far-Western blotting assay and generated pomgnt1 mutant zebrafish. The results showed that EYS bound to matriglycans. Pomgnt1 mutation in zebrafish resulted in a loss of matriglycan, retention of synaptotagmin-1-positive EYS secretory vesicles within the outer nuclear layer, and diminished EYS protein near the connecting cilia. Photoreceptor density in 2-month old pomgnt1 mutant retina was similar to the wild-type animals but was significantly reduced at 6-months. These results indicate that EYS protein localization to the connecting cilia requires interaction with the matriglycan and that O-mannosyl glycosylation is required for photoreceptor survival in zebrafish. This study identified a novel interaction between EYS and matriglycan demonstrating that RP25 and RP76 are mechanistically linked in that O-mannosyl glycosylation controls targeting of EYS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Miao Yu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xuanze Shang
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - My Hong Hoai Nguyen
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, 101 Broad St., Plattsburgh, New York, 12901, USA
| | - Shanmuganathan Balakrishnan
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Rachel Sager
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Huaiyu Hu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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Mahjoub G, Faghihi MA, Taghdiri M. Reporting one very rare pathogenic variation c.1106G>A in POMT2 gene. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2020; 9:104-108. [PMID: 32494558 PMCID: PMC7263986 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2020.03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is a major cell membrane glycoprotein, which is encoded by the DAG1 gene. α-DG is one of DG subunits, belongs to O-mannosylated protein of mammals and was identified in brain, peripheral nerves and muscle. Dystroglycanopathies are a group of heterogeneous congenital muscular dystrophies, which can result from defective α-DG mannosylation. First line of α-DG glycosylation is catalyzed by protein O-mannosyltransferase family (PMT). In this study, the mutation was identified in the POMT2 gene, which encodes O-mannosyltransferase 2 protein and its mutations can be contributed to dystroglycanopathies. A very rare missense mutation in the POMT2 gene (NM_013382: exon9: c. 1106G>A) was identified by next generation sequencing (NGS) and was subsequently confirmed using Sanger sequencing in both affected siblings. There was no report of this mutation in the literature, therefore, the significance was uncertain. Our findings confirmed the pathogenicity of mutation and expanded the mutation spectrum of POMT2, which will be helpful in further molecular evaluations of muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Mahjoub
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Maryam Taghdiri
- Genetic Counseling Center, Shiraz Welfare Organization, Shiraz, Iran
- Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Address correspondence to:Maryam Taghdiri, Genetic Counseling Center, Shiraz Welfare Organization, Shiraz, Iran and Comprehensive Medical Genetic Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. E-mail:
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Graham JB, Sunryd JC, Mathavan K, Weir E, Larsen ISB, Halim A, Clausen H, Cousin H, Alfandari D, Hebert DN. Endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein TMTC3 contributes to O-mannosylation of E-cadherin, cellular adherence, and embryonic gastrulation. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:167-183. [PMID: 31851597 PMCID: PMC7001481 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation plays essential roles in protein structure, stability, and activity such as cell adhesion. The cadherin superfamily of adhesion molecules carry O-linked mannose glycans at conserved sites and it was recently demonstrated that the transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat-containing proteins 1-4 (TMTC1-4) gene products contribute to the addition of these O-linked mannoses. Here, biochemical, cell biological, and organismal analysis was used to determine that TMTC3 supports the O-mannosylation of E-cadherin, cellular adhesion, and embryonic gastrulation. Using genetically engineered cells lacking all four TMTC genes, overexpression of TMTC3 rescued O-linked glycosylation of E-cadherin and cell adherence. The knockdown of the Tmtcs in Xenopus laevis embryos caused a delay in gastrulation that was rescued by the addition of human TMTC3. Mutations in TMTC3 have been linked to neuronal cell migration diseases including Cobblestone lissencephaly. Analysis of TMTC3 mutations associated with Cobblestone lissencephaly found that three of the variants exhibit reduced stability and missence mutations were unable to complement TMTC3 rescue of gastrulation in Xenopus embryo development. Our study demonstrates that TMTC3 regulates O-linked glycosylation and cadherin-mediated adherence, providing insight into its effect on cellular adherence and migration, as well the basis of TMTC3-associated Cobblestone lissencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill B. Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Johan C. Sunryd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ketan Mathavan
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Emma Weir
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ida Signe Bohse Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Adnan Halim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Hélène Cousin
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Dominque Alfandari
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Daniel N. Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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36
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Gray CJ, Compagnon I, Flitsch SL. Mass spectrometry hybridized with gas-phase InfraRed spectroscopy for glycan sequencing. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 62:121-131. [PMID: 31981952 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Precise structural differentiation of often isomeric glycans is important given their roles in numerous biological processes. Mass spectrometry (MS) (and tandem MS) is one of the analytical techniques at the forefront of glycan analysis given its speed, sensitivity in producing structural information as well as the fact it can be coupled to other orthogonal analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC) and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). This review describes another family of techniques that are more commonly being hybridized to MS(/MS) namely gas-phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy, whose rise is in part due to the development and improved accessibility of tunable IR lasers. Gas-phase IR can often differentiate fine isomeric differences ubiquitous within carbohydrates that MS may be 'blind' to. There are also examples of cryogenic gas-phase IR spectroscopy with much greater spectral resolution as well as hybridizing with separative methods (LC, IMS). Furthermore, collision-induced dissociation (CID) product ions can also be probed by IR, which may be beneficial to deconvolute spectra, aid analysis and build spectral libraries, thus generating novel opportunities for fragment-based approaches to analyze glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher John Gray
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Isabelle Compagnon
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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37
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Chen ZJ, Lin KH, Lee SH, Shen RJ, Feng ZK, Wang XF, Huang XF, Huang ZQ, Jin ZB. Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation of inherited retinal dystrophy in Taiwan. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:486-499. [PMID: 31872526 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) is a group of irreversible retinal degenerative disorders with significant genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, which cause difficulty in making a precise clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, the mutation spectrum of IRD in Taiwan remains unknown. Therefore, our study focused on investigating the spectrum of mutations among Taiwanese families with IRD using targeted exome sequencing (TES) technology. METHODS We recruited a total of 60 unrelated Taiwanese families with IRD; most of them were retinitis pigmentosa. We employed TES to investigate 284 candidate genes. Bioinformatics analysis, Sanger sequencing-based co-segregation testing, and computational assessment were performed to validate each mutation and its pathogenicity. The genotype-phenotype correlation was analysed in all patients with mutations defined in the guidelines provided by the American College of Medical Genetics. RESULTS We successfully identified genetic causes in 32 families (detection rate of 53.3%). Among them, 16 had a sporadic inheritance (16/36, 44.4%); eight had an autosomal recessive inheritance (8/14, 57.1%); four had an autosomal dominant inheritance (4/5, 80%); four had an X-linked inheritance (4/5, 80%). Among 38 pathological mutations in 19 known genes, 20 mutations are reported here for the first time. Novel mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations were revealed as well. CONCLUSION Here we achieved a detection rate of 53.3% and elucidated the mutation spectrum in Taiwanese families with IRD for the first time. The results indicated that CYP4V2 and USH2A might be the most common pathogenic genes in IRD patients in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ji Chen
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keng-Hung Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Huang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Juan Shen
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Kun Feng
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Feng Huang
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Huang
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Lab for Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Center for International Research in Regenerative Medicine and Neurogenetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Kuwabara N, Imae R, Manya H, Tanaka T, Mizuno M, Tsumoto H, Kanagawa M, Kobayashi K, Toda T, Senda T, Endo T, Kato R. Crystal structures of fukutin-related protein (FKRP), a ribitol-phosphate transferase related to muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 31949166 PMCID: PMC6965139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is a highly-glycosylated surface membrane protein. Defects in the O-mannosyl glycan of α-DG cause dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies. The core M3 O-mannosyl glycan contains tandem ribitol-phosphate (RboP), a characteristic feature first found in mammals. Fukutin and fukutin-related protein (FKRP), whose mutated genes underlie dystroglycanopathy, sequentially transfer RboP from cytidine diphosphate-ribitol (CDP-Rbo) to form a tandem RboP unit in the core M3 glycan. Here, we report a series of crystal structures of FKRP with and without donor (CDP-Rbo) and/or acceptor [RboP-(phospho-)core M3 peptide] substrates. FKRP has N-terminal stem and C-terminal catalytic domains, and forms a tetramer both in crystal and in solution. In the acceptor complex, the phosphate group of RboP is recognized by the catalytic domain of one subunit, and a phosphate group on O-mannose is recognized by the stem domain of another subunit. Structure-based functional studies confirmed that the dimeric structure is essential for FKRP enzymatic activity. Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) catalyses the addition of ribitol-phosphate (RboP) to the O-mannosyl glycan of α-dystroglycan and mutations in FKRP cause dystroglycanopathy. Here the authors provide insights into its oligomerization and recognition of the substrates, CDP-Rbo and the RboP-(phospho-)core M3 glycan, by determining the crystal structures of human FKRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kuwabara
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Rieko Imae
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.,School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan. .,School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan.
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39
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Manya H, Kuwabara N, Kato R, Endo T. FAM3B/PANDER-Like Carbohydrate-Binding Domain in a Glycosyltransferase, POMGNT1. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:609-619. [PMID: 32306360 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein O-mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGNT1) is one of the gene products responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy, which is a type of congenital muscular dystrophy caused by O-mannosyl glycan defects. The originally identified function of POMGNT1 was as a glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of the GlcNAcβ1-2Man linkage of O-mannosyl glycan, but the enzyme function is not essential for α-dystroglycanopathy pathogenesis. Our recent study revealed that the stem domain of POMGNT1 has a carbohydrate-binding ability, which recognizes the GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAc structure. This carbohydrate-binding activity is required for the formation of the ribitol phosphate (RboP)-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAc structure by fukutin. This protocol describes methods to assess the carbohydrate-binding activity of the POMGNT1 stem domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kuwabara
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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40
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Elimination of fukutin reveals cellular and molecular pathomechanisms in muscular dystrophy-associated heart failure. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5754. [PMID: 31848331 PMCID: PMC6917736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the major cause of death for muscular dystrophy patients, however, the molecular pathomechanism remains unknown. Here, we show the detailed molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy in mice lacking the fukutin gene (Fktn), the causative gene for Fukuyama muscular dystrophy. Although cardiac Fktn elimination markedly reduced α-dystroglycan glycosylation and dystrophin-glycoprotein complex proteins in sarcolemma at all developmental stages, cardiac dysfunction was observed only in later adulthood, suggesting that membrane fragility is not the sole etiology of cardiac dysfunction. During young adulthood, Fktn-deficient mice were vulnerable to pathological hypertrophic stress with downregulation of Akt and the MEF2-histone deacetylase axis. Acute Fktn elimination caused severe cardiac dysfunction and accelerated mortality with myocyte contractile dysfunction and disordered Golgi-microtubule networks, which were ameliorated with colchicine treatment. These data reveal fukutin is crucial for maintaining myocyte physiology to prevent heart failure, and thus, the results may lead to strategies for therapeutic intervention. Mutations in Ftkn cause Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, and heart failure is the main cause of death in thes patients. Here the authors show that acute elimination of Fktn in adult mice causes early mortality, and this is associated with myocyte dysfunction, with disorganised Golg-microtubule networks, and that the pathology can be ameliorated with colchicine treatment.
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Kim J, Lana B, Torelli S, Ryan D, Catapano F, Ala P, Luft C, Stevens E, Konstantinidis E, Louzada S, Fu B, Paredes‐Redondo A, Chan AWE, Yang F, Stemple DL, Liu P, Ketteler R, Selwood DL, Muntoni F, Lin Y. A new patient-derived iPSC model for dystroglycanopathies validates a compound that increases glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47967. [PMID: 31566294 PMCID: PMC6832011 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan, an extracellular matrix receptor, has essential functions in various tissues. Loss of α-dystroglycan-laminin interaction due to defective glycosylation of α-dystroglycan underlies a group of congenital muscular dystrophies often associated with brain malformations, referred to as dystroglycanopathies. The lack of isogenic human dystroglycanopathy cell models has limited our ability to test potential drugs in a human- and neural-specific context. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a severe dystroglycanopathy patient with homozygous FKRP (fukutin-related protein gene) mutation. We showed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene correction of FKRP restored glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in iPSC-derived cortical neurons, whereas targeted gene mutation of FKRP in wild-type cells disrupted this glycosylation. In parallel, we screened 31,954 small molecule compounds using a mouse myoblast line for increased glycosylation of α-dystroglycan. Using human FKRP-iPSC-derived neural cells for hit validation, we demonstrated that compound 4-(4-bromophenyl)-6-ethylsulfanyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-5-carbonitrile (4BPPNit) significantly augmented glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, in part through upregulation of LARGE1 glycosyltransferase gene expression. Together, isogenic human iPSC-derived cells represent a valuable platform for facilitating dystroglycanopathy drug discovery and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Centre for Genomics and Child HealthBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Stem Cell LaboratoryNational Bowel Research CentreBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Beatrice Lana
- Centre for Genomics and Child HealthBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Stem Cell LaboratoryNational Bowel Research CentreBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Silvia Torelli
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - David Ryan
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUK
| | | | - Pierpaolo Ala
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Christin Luft
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Evangelos Konstantinidis
- Centre for Genomics and Child HealthBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Stem Cell LaboratoryNational Bowel Research CentreBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUK
| | - Amaia Paredes‐Redondo
- Centre for Genomics and Child HealthBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Stem Cell LaboratoryNational Bowel Research CentreBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - AW Edith Chan
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonCambridgeUK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - David L Selwood
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - Yung‐Yao Lin
- Centre for Genomics and Child HealthBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Stem Cell LaboratoryNational Bowel Research CentreBlizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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42
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Saad H, Patel C, Lederkremer GZ. Letting go of O-glycans. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15912-15913. [PMID: 31676555 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.h119.011245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of free N-glycans, or unconjugated oligosaccharides derived from N-linked glycoproteins, is well understood, but whether a similar fate awaits O-linked glycoprotein carbohydrates was unknown. Hirayama et al. now reveal, by using only mannose as an energy source, the generation of free O-glycans in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the lumen of a secretory compartment, possibly the vacuole. These findings uncover the presence of a possible regulated degradation pathway for O-mannosylated glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haddas Saad
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chaitanya Patel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gerardo Z Lederkremer
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Nakano M, Mishra SK, Tokoro Y, Sato K, Nakajima K, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N, Kizuka Y. Bisecting GlcNAc Is a General Suppressor of Terminal Modification of N-glycan. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2044-2057. [PMID: 31375533 PMCID: PMC6773561 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are decorated with complex glycans for protein functions. However, regulation mechanisms of complex glycan biosynthesis are largely unclear. Here we found that bisecting GlcNAc, a branching sugar residue in N-glycan, suppresses the biosynthesis of various types of terminal epitopes in N-glycans, including fucose, sialic acid and human natural killer-1. Expression of these epitopes in N-glycan was elevated in mice lacking the biosynthetic enzyme of bisecting GlcNAc, GnT-III, and was conversely suppressed by GnT-III overexpression in cells. Many glycosyltransferases for N-glycan terminals were revealed to prefer a nonbisected N-glycan as a substrate to its bisected counterpart, whereas no up-regulation of their mRNAs was found. This indicates that the elevated expression of the terminal N-glycan epitopes in GnT-III-deficient mice is attributed to the substrate specificity of the biosynthetic enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed that nonbisected glycans were preferentially accepted by those glycosyltransferases. These findings unveil a new regulation mechanism of protein N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Sushil K Mishra
- Glycoscience Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuko Tokoro
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Division of Clinical Research Promotion and Support, Center for Research Promotion, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuoku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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44
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Kanagawa M, Toda T. Muscular Dystrophy with Ribitol-Phosphate Deficiency: A Novel Post-Translational Mechanism in Dystroglycanopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 4:259-267. [PMID: 29081423 PMCID: PMC5701763 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-170255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness. In the early 2000s, a new classification of muscular dystrophy, dystroglycanopathy, was established. Dystroglycanopathy often associates with abnormalities in the central nervous system. Currently, at least eighteen genes have been identified that are responsible for dystroglycanopathy, and despite its genetic heterogeneity, its common biochemical feature is abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan. Abnormal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan reduces its binding activities to ligand proteins, including laminins. In just the last few years, remarkable progress has been made in determining the sugar chain structures and gene functions associated with dystroglycanopathy. The normal sugar chain contains tandem structures of ribitol-phosphate, a pentose alcohol that was previously unknown in humans. The dystroglycanopathy genes fukutin, fukutin-related protein (FKRP), and isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) encode essential enzymes for the synthesis of this structure: fukutin and FKRP transfer ribitol-phosphate onto sugar chains of alpha-dystroglycan, and ISPD synthesizes CDP-ribitol, a donor substrate for fukutin and FKRP. These findings resolved long-standing questions and established a disease subgroup that is ribitol-phosphate deficient, which describes a large population of dystroglycanopathy patients. Here, we review the history of dystroglycanopathy, the properties of the sugar chain structure of alpha-dystroglycan, dystroglycanopathy gene functions, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Hinou H, Kikuchi S, Ochi R, Igarashi K, Takada W, Nishimura SI. Synthetic glycopeptides reveal specific binding pattern and conformational change at O-mannosylated position of α-dystroglycan by POMGnT1 catalyzed GlcNAc modification. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2822-2831. [PMID: 31079966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional effects of core M1 type glycan modification catalyzed by protein O-linked mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1) were investigated using a core M1 glycoform focused library of an α-dystroglycan fragment, 372TRGAIIQTPTLGPIQPTRV390. Evanescent-field fluorescence-assisted microarray system illuminated the specific binding pattern of plant lectins that can discriminate the glycan structure of core M1 glycan of the library. The comparative NMR analysis of synthetic glycopeptide having different length of the O-mannosylated glycans revealed a conformational change of the peptide backbone along with core M1 disaccharide formation. No long-range NOE signals of glycan-amino acid nor inter amino acid indicate the conformational change is induced by steric hindrance of core M1, the sole 1,2-O-modified form among protein binding sugar residue found in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hinou
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material & Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Seiya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material & Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Rika Ochi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material & Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | | | | | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material & Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan; Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
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46
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Stanga D, Zhao Q, Milev MP, Saint-Dic D, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Sacher M. TRAPPC11 functions in autophagy by recruiting ATG2B-WIPI4/WDR45 to preautophagosomal membranes. Traffic 2019; 20:325-345. [PMID: 30843302 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
TRAPPC11 has been implicated in membrane traffic and lipid-linked oligosaccharide synthesis, and mutations in TRAPPC11 result in neuromuscular and developmental phenotypes. Here, we show that TRAPPC11 has a role upstream of autophagosome formation during macroautophagy. Upon TRAPPC11 depletion, LC3-positive membranes accumulate prior to, and fail to be cleared during, starvation. A proximity biotinylation assay identified ATG2B and its binding partner WIPI4/WDR45 as TRAPPC11 interactors. TRAPPC11 depletion phenocopies that of ATG2 and WIPI4 and recruitment of both proteins to membranes is defective upon reduction of TRAPPC11. We find that a portion of TRAPPC11 and other TRAPP III proteins localize to isolation membranes. Fibroblasts from a patient with TRAPPC11 mutations failed to recruit ATG2B-WIPI4, suggesting that this interaction is physiologically relevant. Since ATG2B-WIPI4 is required for isolation membrane expansion, our study suggests that TRAPPC11 plays a role in this process. We propose a model whereby the TRAPP III complex participates in the formation and expansion of the isolation membrane at several steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Stanga
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- University of Montreal, Department of Medicine and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miroslav P Milev
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Djenann Saint-Dic
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Sacher
- Concordia University, Department of Biology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Quebec, Canada
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Borisovna KO, Yurievna KA, Yurievich TK, Igorevna KO, Olegovich KD, Igorevna DA, Timofeevna BT, Vyacheslavovna ZN, Ivanovna SE, Alekseevich SP, Vladimirovich IV. Compound heterozygous POMGNT1 mutations leading to muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A3: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:98. [PMID: 30961548 PMCID: PMC6454623 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dystroglycanopathies, which are caused by reduced glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by variable brain and skeletal muscle involvement. Muscle-eye-brain disease (or muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type 3 A) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy, ocular abnormalities, and lissencephaly. Case presentation We report clinical and genetic characteristics of a 6-year-old boy affected by muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy. He has severe a delay in psychomotor and speech development, muscle hypotony, congenital myopia, partial atrophy of the optic nerve disc, increased level of creatine kinase, primary-muscle lesion, polymicrogyria, ventriculomegaly, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, cysts of the cerebellum. Exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in POMGNT1 gene (transcript NM_001243766.1): c.1539 + 1G > A and c.385C > T. Conclusions The present case report shows diagnostic algorithm step by step and helps better understand the clinical and genetic features of congenital muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondakova Olga Borisovna
- Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric psychoneurology of Moscow Healthcare Department, Michurinsky prospect, 74, 119602, Moscow, Russia
| | - Krasnenko Anna Yurievna
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Korostin Dmitriy Olegovich
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Batysheva Tatyana Timofeevna
- Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric psychoneurology of Moscow Healthcare Department, Michurinsky prospect, 74, 119602, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Shatalov Peter Alekseevich
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Taldomskaya str 2, 125412, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilinsky Valery Vladimirovich
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya street 10 building 8, 119121, Moscow, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Gubkina street 3, 119333, Moscow, Russia
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48
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Kanagawa M. Myo-Glyco disease Biology: Genetic Myopathies Caused by Abnormal Glycan Synthesis and Degradation. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 6:175-187. [PMID: 30856120 PMCID: PMC6598100 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-180369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a major form of post-translational modification and plays various important roles in organisms by modifying proteins or lipids, which generates functional variability and can increase their stability. Because of the physiological importance of glycosylation, defects in genes encoding proteins involved in glycosylation or glycan degradation are sometimes associated with human diseases. A number of genetic neuromuscular diseases are caused by abnormal glycan modification or degeneration. Heterogeneous and complex modification machinery, and difficulties in structural and functional analysis of glycans have impeded the understanding of how glycosylation contributes to pathology. However, recent rapid advances in glycan and genetic analyses, as well as accumulating genetic and clinical information have greatly contributed to identifying glycan structures and modification enzymes, which has led to breakthroughs in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of various diseases and the possible development of therapeutic strategies. For example, studies on the relationship between glycosylation and muscular dystrophy in the last two decades have significantly impacted the fields of glycobiology and neuromyology. In this review, the basis of glycan structure and biosynthesis will be briefly explained, and then molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic concepts related to neuromuscular diseases will be introduced from the point of view of the life cycle of a glycan molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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50
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Nirwane A, Yao Y. Laminins and their receptors in the CNS. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:283-306. [PMID: 30073746 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Laminin, an extracellular matrix protein, is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). By interacting with integrin and non-integrin receptors, laminin exerts a large variety of important functions in the CNS in both physiological and pathological conditions. Due to the existence of many laminin isoforms and their differential expression in various cell types in the CNS, the exact functions of each individual laminin molecule in CNS development and homeostasis remain largely unclear. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structure and biochemistry of laminins and their receptors. Next, the dynamic expression of laminins and their receptors in the CNS during both development and in adulthood is summarized in a cell-type-specific manner, which allows appreciation of their functional redundancy/compensation. Furthermore, we discuss the biological functions of laminins and their receptors in CNS development, blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance, neurodegeneration, stroke, and neuroinflammation. Last, key challenges and potential future research directions are summarized and discussed. Our goals are to provide a synthetic review to stimulate future studies and promote the formation of new ideas/hypotheses and new lines of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 240 W Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, U.S.A
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