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Pani I, Sil S, Pal SK. Liquid Crystal Biosensors: A New Therapeutic Window to Point-of-Care Diagnostics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:909-917. [PMID: 36634050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After revolutionizing the field of electro-optic displays, liquid crystals (LCs) are emerging as functional soft materials with wide-ranging biomedical implications. Integrating smart sensor designs with label-free imaging presents exciting opportunities in diagnostics. In this Perspective, we present an elegant collage of the key findings that demonstrate the utility of LC biosensors in diagnosing a disease or infection in clinical samples, cellular microenvironments, or bodily fluids. We emphasize the currently prevalent diagnostic techniques and the advances made using LCs in achieving greater sensitivity, a simplified strategy, multiplexed detection, and so on. We collate the landmark contributions in translational research in LC-based diagnostics. We believe that developing LC-based biosensors presents a new therapeutic window in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Pani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Soma Sil
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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Kulabhusan PK, Ray R, Ramachandra SG, Srinivasulu M, Hariharan A, Balaji K, Mani NK. Coalescing aptamers and liquid-crystals for sensing applications. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liquid crystal-based biosensors as lab-on-chip tools: Promising for future on-site detection test kits. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Huang H, Li J, Pan S, Wang H, Liang A, Jiang Z. A novel small molecular liquid crystal catalytic amplification-nanogold SPR aptamer absorption assay for trace oxytetracycline. Talanta 2021; 233:122528. [PMID: 34215031 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) have been applied for a long time in the field of analytical chemistry. To date, there are no reports about utilization of LCs as the catalyst to amplification analytical signal. In this article, three small molecules LCs in water aqueous solutions were characterized using molecular spectra and particle size analysis. The characterization indicated that there are nanoparticles in the system. Among the them, 4-heptylbenzoic acid (HPB) exhibits the most sensitive performance in the analytical system based on the reduction of HAuCl4 to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by NaH2PO2 by the spectrophotometric slope evaluation procedure. As the concentration of LCs catalyst increases, the AuNPs surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peak at 550 nm increases linearly, that can be utilized to amply the absorption signal. Based on the LCs catalytic amplification reaction and immunoreaction, a new SPR spectrophotometric analysis method was developed for the label-free detection of oxytetracycline, with a detection limit of 0.50 ng/mL. The method was also successfully applied for the detection of oxytetracycline-spiked environmental water samples to demonstrate its practical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Siqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Wang Z, Xu T, Noel A, Chen YC, Liu T. Applications of liquid crystals in biosensing. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4675-4702. [PMID: 33978639 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02088e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs), as a promising branch of highly-sensitive, quick-response, and low-cost materials, are widely applied to the detection of weak external stimuli and have attracted significant attention. Over the past decade, many research groups have been devoted to developing LC-based biosensors due to their self-assembly potential and functional diversity. In this paper, recent investigations on the design and application of LC-based biosensors are reviewed, based on the phenomenon that the orientation of LCs can be directly influenced by the interactions between biomolecules and LC molecules. The sensing principle of LC-based biosensors, as well as their signal detection by probing interfacial interactions, is described to convert, amplify, and quantify the information from targets into optical and electrical parameters. Furthermore, commonly-used LC biosensing targets are introduced, including glucose, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, cells, microorganisms, ions, and other micromolecules that are critical to human health. Due to their self-assembly potential, chemical diversity, and high sensitivity, it has been reported that tunable stimuli-responsive LC biosensors show bright perspectives and high superiorities in biological applications. Finally, challenges and future prospects are discussed for the fabrication and application of LC biosensors to both enhance their performance and to realize their promise in the biosensing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Abbasi AD, Hussain Z, Liaqat U, Arif D, Yang KL. Liquid Crystal Based Binding Assay for Detecting HIV-1 Surface Glycoprotein. Front Chem 2021; 9:668870. [PMID: 33981675 PMCID: PMC8107394 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.668870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface protein gp-120 of HIV-1 virus plays an important role in the infection of HIV-1, but detection of gp-120 during the early stage of infection is very difficult. Herein, we report a binding bioassay based on an RNA aptamer B40t77, which binds specifically to gp-120. The bioassay is built upon a hydrophobic glass slide with surface immobilized gp-120. When the glass surface is incubated in a solution containing B40t77, the aptamer is able to bind to gp-120 specifically and remove it from the surface after a short incubation time of 30 min. The result of the binding event can be amplified by using liquid crystal (LC) into optical signals in the final step. By using this bioassay, we are able to detect as low as 1 μg/ml of gp-120 with high specificity within 30 min. No response is obtained when gp-120 is replaced by other protein such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). This is the first qualitative bioassay which provides a simple way for the detection of gp-120 with the naked eye. The assay is robust, low-cost and does not require additional labeling. Thus, the bioassay is potentially useful for the early detection of HIV-1 in resources-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Didar Abbasi
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Liaqat
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dooa Arif
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Wang Y, Wang B, Xiong X, Deng S. Gold nanoparticle-based signal enhancement of an aptasensor for ractopamine using liquid crystal based optical imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:697. [PMID: 31617011 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The authors report on a method for the determination of ractopamine (RAC) via liquid crystal (LC) optical imaging and gold nanoparticle-induced signal enhancement. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were blended with the desired concentrations of RAC, and this is found to strongly improve the performance of the assay. The RAC aptamers were immobilized on the self-assembled film of a glass slide for specific recognition of RAC. This causes a homeotropic re-orientation of the LCs. Notably, the aptamers need not be immobilized on the nanoparticles like in other methods. The addition of RAC causes the formation of an AuNP-RAC-aptamer conjugate on the sensing interface. This disrupts the orientation of LCs and results in a change of the polarized images of the LCs. The method has a detection limit as low as 1 pM of RAC. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a method for the determination of ractopamine (RAC) using liquid crystal (LC) optical imaging and gold nanoparticle-induced signal enhancement. The aptamers need not be immobilized on the nanoparticles like in other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China.,Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Rizhao City, Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - XingLiang Xiong
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - ShiXiong Deng
- Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Qi L, Hu Q, Kang Q, Bi Y, Jiang Y, Yu L. Detection of Biomarkers in Blood Using Liquid Crystals Assisted with Aptamer-Target Recognition Triggered in Situ Rolling Circle Amplification on Magnetic Beads. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11653-11660. [PMID: 31430128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Detection of biomarkers in body fluids is critical to both diagnosing the life-threatening diseases and optimizing therapeutic interventions. We herein report use of liquid crystals (LCs) to detect biomarkers in blood with high sensitivity and specificity by employing in situ rolling circle amplification (RCA) on magnetic beads (MBs). Specific recognition of cancer biomarkers, such as platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and adenosine, by aptamers leads to formation of a nucleic acid circle on MBs preassembled with ligation DNA, linear padlock DNA, and aptamers, thereby triggering in situ RCA. LCs change from dark to bright appearance after the in situ RCA products being transferred onto the LC interface decorated with octadecy trimethylammonium bromide (OTAB), which is particularly sensitive to the amplified DNA on MBs. Overall, this label-free approach takes advantages of high specificity of aptamer-based assay, efficient enrichment of signaling molecules on MBs, remarkable DNA elongation performance of the RCA reaction, and high sensitivity of LC-based assay. It successfully eliminates the matrix interference on the LC-based sensors and thus achieves at least 4 orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity for detection of biomarkers compared to other LC-based sensors. In addition, performance of the developed sensor is comparable to that of the commercial ones. Thus, this study provides a simple, powerful, and promising approach to facilitate highly sensitive, specific, and label-free detection of biomarkers in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Yanhui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan 250100 , China
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Otón E, Otón JM, Caño-García M, Escolano JM, Quintana X, Geday MA. Rapid detection of pathogens using lyotropic liquid crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:10098-10107. [PMID: 31045156 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lyotropic liquid crystals play an important role in many biological environments, such as micelles, liposomes, and phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes. In this work, we explore the performance of lyotropic liquid crystals as biosensors for macromolecules, proteins and whole microorganisms in hydrophilic media, i.e., the natural media where these specimens exist. The aim is to detect specific targets employing simple, unpowered sensors that can be used in the field, with minimum additional equipment. A number of different structures have been explored. The novelty in this work is the inclusion of a new optical effect, flow enhanced amplification, that allows for the semiquantitative detection of microscopic targets in lyotropic liquid crystal cells using the naked eye only.
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Razmi N, Baradaran B, Hejazi M, Hasanzadeh M, Mosafer J, Mokhtarzadeh A, de la Guardia M. Recent advances on aptamer-based biosensors to detection of platelet-derived growth factor. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 113:58-71. [PMID: 29729560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), a significant serum cytokine, is an important protein biomarker in diagnosis and recognition of cancer, which straightly rolled in proceeding of various cell transformations, including tumor growth and its development. Fibrosis, atherosclerosis are certain appalling diseases, which PDGF-BB is near to them. Generally, the expression amount of PDGF-BB increases in human life-threatening tumors serving as an indicator for tumor angiogenesis. Thus, identification and quantification of PDGF-BB in biomedical fields are particularly important. Affinity chromatography, immunohistochemical methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), conventional methods for PDGF-BB detection, requiring high-cost and complicated instrumentation, take too much time and offer deficient sensitivity and selectivity, which restrict their usage in real applications. Hence, it is essential to design and build enhanced systems and platforms for the recognition and quantification of protein biomarkers. In the past few years, biosensors especially aptasensors have been received noticeable attention for the detection of PDGF-BB owing to their high sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, fast response, and low cost. Since the role and importance of developing aptasensors in cancer diagnosis is undeniable. In this review, optical and electrochemical aptasensors, which have been applied by many researchers for PDGF-BB cancer biomarker detection, have been mentioned and merits and demerits of them have been explained and compared. Efforts related to design and development of aptamer-based biosensors using nanoparticles for sensitive and selective detection of PDGF-BB have been reviewed considering: Aptamer importance as recognition elements, principal, application and the recent improvements and developments of aptamer based optical and electrochemical methods. In addition, commercial biosensors and future perspectives for rapid and on-site detection of PDGF-BB have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Razmi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664 Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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