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Karakaş S. A comparative review of the psychophysiology of attention in typically developing children and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Menashe S. Selective attention and the "Asynchrony Theory" in native Hebrew-speaking adult dyslexics: Behavioral and ERPs measures. J Integr Neurosci 2017; 16:347-363. [PMID: 28891517 DOI: 10.3233/jin-170021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to determine whether adult dyslexic readers demonstrate the "Asynchrony Theory" (Breznitz [Reading Fluency: Synchronization of Processes, Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, Mahwah, NJ, USA, 2006]) when selective attention is studied. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral parameters were collected from nonimpaired readers group and dyslexic readers group performing alphabetic and nonalphabetic tasks. The dyslexic readers group was found to demonstrate asynchrony between the auditory and the visual modalities when it came to processing alphabetic stimuli. These findings were found both for behavioral and ERPs parameters. Unlike the dyslexic readers, the nonimpaired readers showed synchronized speed of processing in the auditory and the visual modalities while processing alphabetic stimuli. The current study suggests that established reading is dependent on a synchronization between the auditory and the visual modalities even when it comes to selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Menashe
- The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel 31905, Haifa, Israel. Tel.: +972 4 828 8093; Fax: +972 4 828 8435; E-mail:
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Key AP, Gustafson SJ, Rentmeester L, Hornsby BWY, Bess FH. Speech-Processing Fatigue in Children: Auditory Event-Related Potential and Behavioral Measures. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2017; 60:2090-2104. [PMID: 28595261 PMCID: PMC5831094 DOI: 10.1044/2016_jslhr-h-16-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatigue related to speech processing is an understudied area that may have significant negative effects, especially in children who spend the majority of their school days listening to classroom instruction. METHOD This study examined the feasibility of using auditory P300 responses and behavioral indices (lapses of attention and self-report) to measure fatigue resulting from sustained listening demands in 27 children (M = 9.28 years). RESULTS Consistent with predictions, increased lapses of attention, longer reaction times, reduced P300 amplitudes to infrequent target stimuli, and self-report of greater fatigue were observed after the completion of a series of demanding listening tasks compared with the baseline values. The event-related potential responses correlated with the behavioral measures of performance. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that neural and behavioral responses indexing attention and processing resources show promise as effective markers of fatigue in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. Key
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Nashville, TN
| | - Samantha J. Gustafson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Lindsey Rentmeester
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Benjamin W. Y. Hornsby
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Fred H. Bess
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Bode S, Bennett D, Stahl J, Murawski C. Distributed patterns of event-related potentials predict subsequent ratings of abstract stimulus attributes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109070. [PMID: 25271850 PMCID: PMC4182883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pleasant and rewarding visual stimuli can bias people's choices towards either immediate or delayed gratification. We hypothesised that this phenomenon might be based on carry-over effects from a fast, unconscious assessment of the abstract 'time reference' of a stimuli, i.e. how the stimulus relates to one's personal understanding and connotation of time. Here we investigated whether participants' post-experiment ratings of task-irrelevant, positive background visual stimuli for the dimensions 'arousal' (used as a control condition) and 'time reference' were related to differences in single-channel event-related potentials (ERPs) and whether they could be predicted from spatio-temporal patterns of ERPs. Participants performed a demanding foreground choice-reaction task while on each trial one task-irrelevant image (depicting objects, people and scenes) was presented in the background. Conventional ERP analyses as well as multivariate support vector regression (SVR) analyses were conducted to predict participants' subsequent ratings. We found that only SVR allowed both 'arousal' and 'time reference' ratings to be predicted during the first 200 ms post-stimulus. This demonstrates an early, automatic semantic stimulus analysis, which might be related to the high relevance of 'time reference' to everyday decision-making and preference formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Bennett
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne, Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Murawski
- Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne, Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Wattanathorn J, Mator L, Muchimapura S, Tongun T, Pasuriwong O, Piyawatkul N, Yimtae K, Sripanidkulchai B, Singkhoraard J. Positive modulation of cognition and mood in the healthy elderly volunteer following the administration of Centella asiatica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 116:325-332. [PMID: 18191355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THIS STUDY Centella asiatica has a reputation to restore decline cognitive function in traditional medicine and in animal model. However, little evidence regarding the efficacy of Centella asiatica from systematized trials is available. Therefore, the present randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study investigated the effect of Centella asiatica on cognitive function of healthy elderly volunteer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight healthy elderly participants received the plant extract at various doses ranging 250, 500 and 750 mg once daily for 2 months. Cognitive performance was assessed using the computerized test battery and event-related potential whereas mood was assessed using Bond-Lader visual analogue scales prior to the trial and after single, 1 and 2 months after treatment. RESULTS The results showed that the high dose of the plant extract enhanced working memory and increased N100 component amplitude of event-related potential. Improvements of self-rated mood were also found following the Centella asiatica treatment. CONCLUSION Therefore, the present findings suggest the potential of Centella asiatica to attenuate the age-related decline in cognitive function and mood disorder in the healthy elderly. However, the precise mechanism(s) underlying these effects still require further investigation.
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Wood SM, Potts GF, Martin LE, Kothmann D, Hall JF, Ulanday JB. Disruption of auditory and visual attention in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2007; 156:105-16. [PMID: 17889512 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 03/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of attention is a hallmark symptom of schizophrenia, and event-related potentials have been instrumental in studying this cognitive deficit. Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to study attention and its disruption in schizophrenia, with the most common finding of a reduced P300 component in auditory tasks. Some studies have found sparing of the P300 in visual attention, but reduction of an earlier attention-sensitive N2b, suggesting that the N2b may be a more sensitive index of attention disruption in schizophrenia. The current study compared visual and auditory attention using both unimodal and bimodal stimulus presentation in the same participants to examine the impact of schizophrenia on attention at both the early N2b and later P300 stages. Both N2b and P300 showed attention effects, being larger to targets than non-targets in all tasks. The N2b was reduced in the patient group in all tasks except the bimodal attend visual task, while the P300 was not reduced in the patients in any condition. This indicates that early attention, as indexed by the N2b, is differentially impaired in patients with schizophrenia, even when later attention, indexed by the P300, is intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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van der Stelt O, Lieberman JA, Belger A. Attentional modulation of early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia. Brain Res 2006; 1125:194-8. [PMID: 17087921 PMCID: PMC1933501 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that paying attention to the color of a visual stimulus is manifested by an early endogenous scalp-positive event-related brain potential (ERP) component, referred to as "selection positivity", that emerges within the first 100 ms after stimulus onset in healthy observers. In contrast, recently ill and chronically ill schizophrenia patients as well as patients at high risk for schizophrenia all failed to show this early ERP component while attending to color. These results suggest that a relatively early stage of visual-selective processing in posterior extrastriate cortex is disrupted in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odin van der Stelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 28223, USA.
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Talsma D, Kok A, Ridderinkhof KR. Selective attention to spatial and non-spatial visual stimuli is affected differentially by age: Effects on event-related brain potentials and performance data. Int J Psychophysiol 2006; 62:249-61. [PMID: 16806547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To assess selective attention processes in young and old adults, behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures were recorded. Streams of visual stimuli were presented from left or right locations (Experiment 1) or from a central location and comprising two different spatial frequencies (Experiment 2). In both experiments, results were compared in visual-only and visual+auditory stimulus context conditions. Participants were forced to respond fast in both experiments, while maintaining high accuracy. In Experiment 1, no behavioral effects of aging were found; however, an enlargement of the N1 component in the older age group suggested that older adults initial selection process was larger than that of young adults. A late frontal effect following the P300 elicited by attended non-targets was larger in the visual+auditory condition than in the visual-only condition in the old age group. This effect was interpreted as reflecting a memory update of the relevant target location. In Experiment 2, older adults made relatively more errors in the visual+auditory condition than in visual-only condition, more so than the young adults. Older adults' ERP data were also characterized by an enlargement of the occipital selection negativity, compared to the young age group. In contrast to experiment 1, no late frontal post-P3 effect could be found, suggesting that the memory trace of the relevant stimulus feature was updated less frequently, explaining the reduction in response accuracy in the visual+auditory stimulus context conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durk Talsma
- Cognitive Psychology Department, Vrije Universiteit, Van den Boechorststraat 1, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gomarus HK, Althaus M, Wijers AA, Minderaa RB. The effects of memory load and stimulus relevance on the EEG during a visual selective memory search task: an ERP and ERD/ERS study. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117:871-84. [PMID: 16442346 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychophysiological correlates of selective attention and working memory were investigated in a group of 18 healthy children using a visually presented selective memory search task. METHODS Subjects had to memorize one (load1) or 3 (load3) letters (memory set) and search for these among a recognition set consisting of 4 letters only if the letters appeared in the correct (relevant) color. Event-related potentials (ERPs) as well as alpha and theta event-related synchronization and desynchronization (ERD/ERS) were derived from the EEG that was recorded during the task. RESULTS In the ERP to the memory set, a prolonged load-related positivity was found. In response to the recognition set, effects of relevance were manifested in an early frontal positivity and a later frontal negativity. Effects of load were found in a search-related negativity within the attended category and a suppression of the P3-amplitude. Theta ERS was most pronounced for the most difficult task condition during the recognition set, whereas alpha ERD showed a load-effect only during memorization. CONCLUSIONS The manipulation of stimulus relevance and memory load affected both ERP components and ERD/ERS. SIGNIFICANCE The present paradigm may supply a useful method for studying processes of selective attention and working memory and can be used to examine group differences between healthy controls and children showing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Karin Gomarus
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Child- and Adolescence Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Talsma D, Slagter HA, Nieuwenhuis S, Hage J, Kok A. The orienting of visuospatial attention: An event-related brain potential study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:117-29. [PMID: 15925498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the electrophysiological correlates of shifting, maintaining, and relaxing the focus of attention, using a symbolic cuing task. Cues and imperative stimuli were presented in rapid succession, and the ADJAR procedure was used to remove the contribution of event-related potential (ERP) activity associated with the imperative stimulus from the cue-related ERP waveforms. Initial analyses, comparing left and right attention-directing cues, replicated previous findings of early directing attention negativity (EDAN) and anterior directing attention negativity (ADAN) effects. To isolate ERP activity that is common to leftward and rightward attention shifts, the combined ERP activity elicited by attention-directing cues was compared to the ERP activity elicited by non-informative cues. This analysis revealed a strong and broadly distributed early positivity followed by a sustained central negativity, possibly reflecting the controlled orienting and subsequent maintenance of attentional focus. Finally, imperative stimuli preceded by non-informative cues were characterized by an enhanced posterior P2 effect, with a scalp distribution indicative of generators in visual areas. This result suggests a relatively late (re)activation in visual areas associated with the processing of stimuli that had not been cued in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durk Talsma
- Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Abstract
Recently several event-related potential attention studies have described a prefrontal positivity at about the same latency as the posterior N2 (approximately 200-300 ms), variously termed the frontal selection positivity (FSP), the anterior P2 (P2a), or the frontal P3 (P3f). These components have a similar spatio-temporal distribution and similar eliciting properties, suggesting that they represent the same component. However, these components have been differentially interpreted as arising from neural systems of feature selection, stimulus evaluation, or response production. The present study employed a visual target detection (oddball) design with different response conditions: passive (no response), overt (keypress), and covert (silent count), to examine the impact of task relevance and response production on the frontal P2a. The results showed that the P2a was present to task-relevant stimuli but had the same scalp topography and estimated source-dipole locations in both overt and covert responding, indicative of an index of stimulus evaluation, rather than response production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey F Potts
- Department of Psychology MS-25, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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