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Abid A, Khalid A, Suleman M, Akbar H, Hafeez MA, Khan JA, Rashid MI. Humoral and cellular immunity in response to an in silico-designed multi-epitope recombinant protein of Theileria annulata. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400308. [PMID: 39234242 PMCID: PMC11371685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by Theileria annulata and is transmitted by Ixodid ticks of the genus Hyalomma. It causes significant losses in livestock, especially in exotic cattle. The existing methods for controlling it, chemotherapeutic agents and a vaccine based on an attenuated schizont stage parasite, have several limitations. A promising solution to control this disease is the use of molecular vaccines based on potential immunogenic proteins of T. annulata. For this purpose, we selected five antigenic sequences of T. annulata, i.e. SPAG-1, Tams, TaSP, spm2, and Ta9. These were subjected to epitope prediction for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, B-cells, and helper T lymphocytes. CTL and B-cell epitopes with a higher score whereas those of HTL with a lower score, were selected for the construct. A single protein was constructed using specific linkers and evaluated for high antigenicity and low allergenicity. The construct was acidic, hydrophobic, and thermostable in nature. Secondary and tertiary structures of this construct were drawn using the PSIPRED and RaptorX servers, respectively. A Ramachandran plot showed a high percentage of residues in this construct in favorable, allowed, and general regions. Molecular docking studies suggested that the complex was stable and our construct could potentially be a good candidate for immunization trials. Furthermore, we successfully cloned it into the pET-28a plasmid and transformed it into the BL21 strain. A restriction analysis was performed to confirm the transformation of our plasmid. After expression and purification, recombinant protein of 49 kDa was confirmed by western blotting. An ELISA detected increased specific antibody levels in the sera of the immunized animals compared with the control group, and flow cytometric analysis showed a stronger cell-mediated immune response. We believe our multi-epitope recombinant protein has the potential for the large-scale application for disease prevention globally in the bovine population. This study will act as a model for similar parasitic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah Abid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Khalid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Akbar
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mian Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jawaria Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Al-Hosary A, Radwan AM, Ahmed LS, Abdelghaffar SK, Fischer S, Nijhof AM, Clausen PH, Ahmed JS. Isolation and propagation of an Egyptian Theileria annulata infected cell line and evaluation of its use as a vaccine to protect cattle against field challenge. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8565. [PMID: 38609410 PMCID: PMC11014843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis is an important protozoan tick-borne disease in cattle. Vaccination using attenuated schizont-infected cell lines is one of the methods used for controlling the disease. This study describes the production of attenuated schizont-infected cell lines from Egypt and an evaluation of its use as a vaccine to protect calves against clinical disease upon field challenge. Two groups of exotic and crossbred male calves were divided into vaccinated and control groups. The vaccinated groups were inoculated with 4 ml (1 × 106 cells/ml) of the attenuated cell line. Three weeks after vaccination, calves of both groups were transported to the New Valley Governorate (Egyptian oasis) where they were kept under field conditions and exposed to the natural Theileria annulata challenge. All animals in the control group showed severe clinical signs and died despite treatment with buparvaquone, which was administered after two days of persistent fever due to a severe drop in packed cell volume (PCV). Animals in the vaccinated group became seropositive without developing severe clinical signs other than transient fever. Post-mortem examinations revealed enlarged and fragile lymph nodes, spleen, and liver with necrosis and hemorrhages. These findings indicate that the Egyptian attenuated cell line was successful in protecting both exotic and crossbred animals against tropical theileriosis under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Al-Hosary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Radwan
- Field Veterinarian, EL-Minia's Veterinary Directorate, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Laila S Ahmed
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Sary Kh Abdelghaffar
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Insel Riems, 17943, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ard M Nijhof
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Center for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter-Henning Clausen
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jabbar S Ahmed
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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Kernif T, Medrouh B, Harrat Z, Saidi F, Ziam H. Characterisation of field tropical Theileriosis and associated risk factors in two bioclimatic areas of Algeria. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102310. [PMID: 38241922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis (TT) is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria annulata and commonly infects cattle in tropical and subtropical regions, including Algeria. It is a significant obstacle to cattle breeding programs established to improve production in Algeria. The present investigation aimed to estimate the current molecular prevalence, risk factors, and genetic characterisation of T. annulata in two bioclimatic areas of Algeria. In a cross-sectional study, 679 blood samples (629 from healthy cattle selected on farms and 50 from diseased cattle identified by veterinarians) were collected from the humid (n = 307+50) and semi-arid (n = 322) areas and screened by blood smear examination followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (cox III) mitochondrial and the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) genes for Theileria spp. Seventy-six positive samples (56 clinically healthy and 20 with clinical signs) for Theileria spp. were confirmed to be T. annulata by the merozoïtes surface antigen-1 (Tams1) gene showing a rate of 8.9 % in clinically healthy and 40.0 % in suspected cattle. Among the 307 bloods samples collected from healthy cattle in the humid area, 25 cattle (8.1 %) were positive for T. annulata. Of the 322 healthy cattle from the semi-arid site, 31 (9.6 %) were carriers of T. annulata DNA. In subclinical population, demographic and environmental parameters analysis indicated that T. annulata infection was higher in adult crossbred cattle raised in the intensive and semi-intensive system (P<0.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, breed, farming system, and bioclimatic area are potential risk factors for T. annulata infection in cattle (P<0.05). Multiple alignments of cox III sequences of T. annulata showed high heterogeneity with 25 polymorphic sites (nucleotide diversity π = 0.02402), resulting in two haplotypes with a low genetic diversity index (Hd) of 0.533. The 18S rRNA sequence alignment revealed only one T. annulata genotype with 100 % identity to the strains isolated from cattle and ticks in Mediterranean and Asian countries. Our preliminary results will serve as a basis for further studies on the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of T. annulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Kernif
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Dely-Brahim, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Bachir Medrouh
- Research Centre for Agropastoralism, Djelfa, 17000, Algeria
| | - Zoubir Harrat
- Laboratory of Parasitic Eco-epidemiology and Population Genetics, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Dely-Brahim, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fairouz Saidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Hocine Ziam
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria.
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Valente D, Carolino N, Gomes J, Coelho AC, Espadinha P, Pais J, Carolino I. A study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on ticks and tick-borne diseases of cattle among breeders of two bovine Portuguese autochthonous breeds. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 48:100989. [PMID: 38316511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Beef cattle production in Portugal is an important sector of national agricultural production, with half of the herd being in the Alentejo region. Despite this, animal health is essential for its productivity, which may be compromised by ticks and tick-borne diseases. So far, no study has been conducted in Portugal to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on ticks and tick-borne diseases in cattle, which the authors are aware of. This type of questionnaire is a very useful tool in the development and application of effective and sustainable prevention and control measures. Therefore, a KAP questionnaire was applied to 44 cattle breeders of autochthonous Portuguese breeds, namely 14 breeders of the Alentejana breed and 30 of the Mertolenga breed, between January 1 and May 9, 2023. Based on the analysis criteria of these surveys, 64% of the Alentejana breeders and 63% of the Mertolenga breeders have an average level of knowledge about ticks and tick-borne diseases, and 21% of the Alentejana breeders and 33% of the Mertolenga breeders have a high level of knowledge. Although only 21.4% of the Alentejana and 36.7% of the Mertolenga breeders consider tick infestation as a major animal health problem, 71.4% of the Alentejana and 63.3% of breeders of the Mertolenga state that one of the main reasons for veterinary consultations on their farm is deworming of animals, and 92.9% of breeders of the Alentejana and 96.7% of breeders of the Mertolenga refer the use of dewormers as a strategy to control tick infestation. The results of this study contribute to highlighting the importance of correcting some identified knowledge gaps and improving knowledge, especially on the life cycle of this parasite, its local distribution and seasonality, resistance to acaricides, and alternative control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Valente
- Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Coimbra 3020-210, Portugal; Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Carolino
- Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Coimbra 3020-210, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Polo de Inovação da Fonte Boa-Estação Zootécnica Nacional, Santarém 2005-424, Portugal
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal; Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Elvas 7350-092, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho
- Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real 5000-801, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal
| | - Pedro Espadinha
- Associação de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Alentejana, Monforte Herdade da Coutada Real - Assumar, Assumar 7450-051, Portugal
| | - José Pais
- Associação de Criadores de Bovinos Mertolengos, Évora 7006-806, Portugal
| | - Inês Carolino
- Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama, Coimbra 3020-210, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Polo de Inovação da Fonte Boa-Estação Zootécnica Nacional, Santarém 2005-424, Portugal; Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1349-017, Portugal
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Mishra PKK, Jena A, Sarkhel SP, Behera SK, Das A, Sabarinath T, Jena D, Mandal KD, Sahu A, Kumar A, Kumar V, Kadam RG, Sathapathy S, Rao TP. Prediction, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Synthetic Peptide as an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Candidate for Screening of Bovine Antibodies against Theileria annulata. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2663. [PMID: 38004674 PMCID: PMC10673593 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) of livestock are endemic across various parts of tropical countries. Theileriosis is one such economically important TBD, caused by the Theileriidae family of organisms, which is transmitted by ticks. Theileria annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis, contributes a significant loss to the dairy sector by causing anorexia, high fever, anemia, inflammatory changes in vital organs and icterus, thus, a loss in milk yield. Though vaccines are available, their protective efficacy is not absolute, and treatment is limited to early diagnosis of the causative agent. Routinely, microscopic identification of piroplasms in the erythrocytes (Giemsa-stained) of infected animals or schizonts in lymph node biopsies are practiced for diagnosis. PCR-based techniques (multiplex, uniplex, nested and real-time) have been reported to perform well in diagnosing active infection. Several attempts have been made using serological assays like Dot blot, ELISA and ICT, but the results were of variable sensitivity and specificity. Recombinant proteins like the Theileria annulata merozoite surface antigen (Tams1) and Theileria annulata surface protein (TaSP) have been explored as antigenic candidates for these assays. In the present study, we predicted an immunogenic peptide, i.e., TaSP-34, from the TaSP using various computational tools. The predicted peptide was custom synthesized. The diagnostic potential of the peptide was assessed by indirect plate ELISA to detect the bovine-IgM against Theileria annulata. Alongside, a recombinant truncated TaSP (rTaSP(tr)) was expressed and purified, which was used to compare the performance of the peptide as a diagnostic candidate. The IgM-based peptide ELISA was 100% sensitive and 92.77% specific as compared to PCR (Tams1 targeting), while 98.04% sensitivity and 97.44% specificity were observed in comparison with rTaSP(tr) ELISA. Almost perfect agreement between peptide ELISA and Tams1 PCR was observed with a Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ-value) of 0.901 and agreement of 95.31%. Further, the κ-value between the peptide ELISA and rTaSP(tr) ELISA was found to be 0.95, and the agreement was 97.65%, which shows a good correlation between the two tests. The findings suggest that the TaSP-34 peptide can be an efficient and new-generation diagnostic candidate for the diagnosis of T. annulata. Furthermore, the peptide can be synthesized commercially at a larger scale and can be a cost-effective alternative for the protein-based diagnostic candidates for T. annulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Kumar Koustasa Mishra
- Unit of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (D.J.); (K.D.M.); (V.K.); (R.G.K.)
| | - Anupama Jena
- Fisheries and Animal Resource Development Department, Bhubaneswar 751001, Odisha, India; (A.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Souti Prasad Sarkhel
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sujit Kumar Behera
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur 610001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Annada Das
- Fisheries and Animal Resource Development Department, Bhubaneswar 751001, Odisha, India; (A.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Thankappan Sabarinath
- Clinical Bacteriological Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Nainital 263138, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Dayanidhi Jena
- Unit of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (D.J.); (K.D.M.); (V.K.); (R.G.K.)
| | - Kruti Debnath Mandal
- Unit of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (D.J.); (K.D.M.); (V.K.); (R.G.K.)
| | - Adhikari Sahu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India;
| | - Anshuman Kumar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Unit of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (D.J.); (K.D.M.); (V.K.); (R.G.K.)
| | - Rahul Ganpatrao Kadam
- Unit of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (D.J.); (K.D.M.); (V.K.); (R.G.K.)
| | - Srinivas Sathapathy
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India;
| | - Thavitiki Prasada Rao
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, College of Veterinary Science, Garividi 535101, Andhra Pradesh, India;
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Valente D, Dutra AP, Carolino N, Gomes J, Coelho AC, Espadinha P, Pais J, Carolino I. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Theileria annulata Infection in Two Bovine Portuguese Autochthonous Breeds. Pathogens 2023; 12:669. [PMID: 37242339 PMCID: PMC10224420 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropical Bovine Theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease. This study aims to assess the occurrence of Theileria annulata infection in two indigenous Portuguese cattle breeds. A total of 843 blood samples collected from animals of Alentejana (n = 420) and Mertolenga (n = 423) breeds were analyzed. The detection of Theileria annulata was determined by amplification of a fragment of the merozoite-pyroplasm surface antigen gene with 319 base pairs (bp). The prevalence found (10.8%) is lower than that reported in previous studies (21.3%). A statistically significant difference was found for positivity between breeds (p < 0.05). There is also a higher probability of older animals being positive compared to younger ones (p < 0.05). The region where Mertolenga animals are located is shown to have a significant impact on positivity (p < 0.05). Thus, the development of sustainable T. annulata control strategies and their implementation, adapted to the epidemiological conditions of higher risk, will be extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Valente
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, EUVG—Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Center, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Dutra
- Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços—Produção e Saúde Animal (UEIS-PSA), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. Da República, Quinta do Marquês (edifício sede), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nuno Carolino
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, EUVG—Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polo de Inovação da Fonte Boa—Estação Zootécnica Nacional, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, 2005-424 Santarém, Portugal
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Escola Superior Agrária de Elvas, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, 7350-092 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho
- Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Center, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Espadinha
- Associação de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Alentejana, Herdade da Coutada Real—Assumar, 7450-051 Assumar, Portugal
| | - José Pais
- Associação de Criadores de Bovinos Mertolengos, 7006-806 Évora, Portugal
| | - Inês Carolino
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, EUVG—Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polo de Inovação da Fonte Boa—Estação Zootécnica Nacional, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, 2005-424 Santarém, Portugal
- ISA—Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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Thapa R, Mondal S, Riikonen J, Rantanen J, Näkki S, Nissinen T, Närvänen A, Lehto VP. Biogenic nanoporous silicon carrier improves the efficacy of buparvaquone against resistant visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009533. [PMID: 34185780 PMCID: PMC8274846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection that is fatal if untreated. There is no vaccination against the disease, and the current chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective due to increased resistance and severe side effects. Buparvaquone is a potential drug against the leishmaniases, but it is highly hydrophobic resulting in poor bioavailability and low therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we loaded the drug into silicon nanoparticles produced from barley husk, which is an agricultural residue and widely available. The buparvaquone-loaded nanoparticles were several times more selective to kill the intracellular parasites being non-toxic to macrophages compared to the pure buparvaquone and other conventionally used anti-leishmanial agents. Furthermore, the in vivo results revealed that the intraperitoneally injected buparvaquone-loaded nanoparticles suppressed the parasite burden close to 100%. By contrast, pure buparvaquone suppressed the burden only by 50% with corresponding doses. As the conclusion, the biogenic silicon nanoparticles are promising carriers to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy and selectivity of buparvaquone against resistant visceral leishmaniasis opening a new avenue for low-cost treatment against this neglected tropical disease threatening especially the poor people in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinez Thapa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Subhasish Mondal
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, West Bengal, India
| | - Joakim Riikonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jimi Rantanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Näkki
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nissinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ale Närvänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Chaudhry U, Ali Q, Zheng L, Rashid I, Shabbir MZ, Numan M, Ashraf K, Evans M, Rafiq S, Oneeb M, Morrison LJ, Ivan Morrison W, Sargison ND. Contrasting population genetics of co-endemic cattle- and buffalo- derived Theileria annulata. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101595. [PMID: 33113478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A study was designed to improve understanding of the genetics of Theileria annulata populations in sympatric cattle and Asian buffalo (Bubalus bubalus). The study was undertaken in the Punjab province of Pakistan, where the prevalence of tropical theileriosis is high. Parasite materials were collected from infected animals in defined regions, where cattle and Asian buffalo are kept together. Six satellite DNA markers and a mitochondrial cytochrome b marker were used to explore the multiplicity of T. annulata infection and patterns of emergence and spread of different parasite genotypes. The results show differences in the numbers of unique satellite locus alleles, suggesting that T. annulata is genetically more diverse in cattle- than in buffalo-derived populations. Heterozygosity (He) indices based on satellite and cytochrome b loci data show high levels of genetic diversity among the cattle- and buffalo-derived T. annulata populations. When considered in the context of high parasite transmission rates and frequent animal movements between different regions, the predominance of multiple T. annulata genotypes and multiple introductions of infection may have practical implications for the spread of parasite genetic adaptations; such as those conferring vaccine cross-protection against different strains affecting cattle and Asian buffalo, or resistance to antiprotozoal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Chaudhry
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, UK.
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Parasitology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lynn Zheng
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Imran Rashid
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Numan
- Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Livestock and Dairy Department, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Parasitology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mike Evans
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shahzad Rafiq
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Oneeb
- Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Liam J Morrison
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - W Ivan Morrison
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil D Sargison
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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9
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Hit identification against peptidyl-prolyl isomerase of Theileria annulata by combined virtual high-throughput screening and molecular dynamics simulation approach. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 89:107398. [PMID: 33059132 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Theileria annulata secretes peptidyl prolyl isomerase enzyme (TaPIN1) to manipulate the host cell oncogenic signaling pathway by disrupting the tumor suppressor F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBW7) protein level leading to an increased level of c-Jun proto-oncogene. Buparvaquone is a hydroxynaphthoquinone anti-theilerial drug and has been used to treat theileriosis. However, TaPIN1 contains the A53 P mutation that causes drug resistance. In this study, potential TaPIN1 inhibitors were investigated using a library of naphthoquinone derivatives. Comparative models of mutant (m) and wild type (wt) TaPIN1 were predicted and energy minimization was followed by structure validation. A naphthoquinone (hydroxynaphthalene-1,2-dione, hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione) and hydroxynaphthalene-2,3-dione library was screened by Schrödinger Glide HTVS, SP and XP docking methodologies and the docked compounds were ranked by the Glide XP scoring function. The two highest ranked docked compounds Compound 1 (4-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxynaphthalene-1,2-dione) and Compound 2 (6-acetyl-1,4,5,7,8-pentahydroxynaphthalene-2,3-dione) were used for further molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The MD results showed that ligand Compound 1 was located in the active site of both mTaPIN1 and wtTaPIN1 and could be proposed as a potential inhibitor by acting as a substrate antagonist. However, ligand Compound 2 was displaced away from the binding pocket of wtTaPIN1 but was located near the active site binding pocket of mTaPIN1 suggesting that could be selectively evaluated as a potential inhibitor against the mTaPIN1. Compound 1 and Compound 2 ligands are potential inhibitors but Compound 2 is suggested as a better inhibitor for mTaPIN1. These ligands could also further evaluated as potential inhibitors against human peptidyl prolyl isomerase which causes cancer in humans by using the same mechanism as TaPIN1.
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10
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Chatanga E, Mosssad E, Abdo Abubaker H, Amin Alnour S, Katakura K, Nakao R, Salim B. Evidence of multiple point mutations in Theileria annulata cytochrome b gene incriminated in buparvaquone treatment failure. Acta Trop 2019; 191:128-132. [PMID: 30599177 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the emerging and re-emerging epidemics affecting both veterinary and public health sectors. Buparvaquone provides the most satisfactory means in the treatment of bovine tropical theileriosis. However, recently there has been widespread reports of development of resistance of Theileria annulata to buparvaquone. To investigate the situation in Sudan where bovine tropical theileriosis is endemic, fifty blood samples from T. annulata-positive cattle. were used for DNA extraction, PCR and cytochrome b gene nucleotide sequencing. Analysis of the two buparvaquone binding site regions Q01 (130-148) and Q02 (244-266), revealed three non- synonymous mutations at codon 146; alanine (GCT) to threonine (ACT) within the Q01 region across all 50 isolates and the other mutation at codon 129; serine (AGC) to glycine (GGC) in 18 isolates which is very close to the Q01 binding site. However, we documented another mutation at position 227; valine (GTG) to methionine (ATG) close to the close to the Q02 binding site, in three isolates with mutation at codon 129. We concluded that this study has provided evidence of point mutations in the cytochrome b gene of T. annulata that might be associated with buparvaquone treatment failure in Sudan.
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11
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Gharbi M, Rekik B, Mabrouk M, Hassni M, Zroud W, Mhadhbi M, Sassi L, Jedidi M, Darghouth MA. Impact of the carrier state by Theileria annulata on milk yield in Tunisian crossbred (Bos taurus) cattle. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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