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Zhang X, Liu H, Li L, Huang C, Meng X, Liu J, Bai X, Ren L, Wang X, Yang K, Qin L. Promoting osteointegration effect of Cu alloyed titanium (TiCu) in ovariectomized rats. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac011. [PMID: 35480856 PMCID: PMC9039496 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease making patients be prone to the osteoporotic fracture. However, the clinical implants made of titanium and its alloys with a poor osseointegration need a long time for healing and easily to loosening. Thus, a new class of Cu-alloyed titanium (TiCu) alloys with excellent mechanical properties and bio-functionalization has been developed. In this study, the osteoporosis modeled rats were used to study the osteointegration effect and underlying mechanism of TiCu. The results showed that after implantation for 4 weeks, TiCu alloy could promote the reconstruction of vascular network around the implant by up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression. After 8 weeks, it could further promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, mineralization and deposition of collagens, and then significantly increasing bone mineral density around the implant. In conclusion, TiCu alloy would enhance the fixation stability, accelerate the osteointegration, and thus reduce the risk of aseptic loosening during the long-term implantation in the osteoporosis environment. This study was the first to report the role and mechanism of a Cu-alloyed metal in promoting osteointegration in osteoporosis environment, which provides a new attractive support for the improvement of future clinical applications of Cu-alloyed antibacterial titanium alloys. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Cuishan Huang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xiangbo Meng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Junzuo Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xueling Bai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ling Ren
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedis & Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, HK SAR, PR China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Ling Qin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedis & Traumatology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, HK SAR, PR China
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Ault-Seay TB, Harrison TD, Brandt KJ, Payton RR, Schneider LG, Myer PR, Rhinehart JD, Rispoli LA, McLean KJ. The effects of protein level on cytokines and chemokines in the uterine environment of beef heifers during development. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6208278. [PMID: 33822060 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of replacement heifers is crucial for breeding success and herd efficiency. Nutritional management can affect not only reproductive development but also the inflammatory status of the uterine environment, which may impact reproductive functions such as pregnancy establishment and development. The study herein evaluated the concentration of cytokines and chemokines in the uterus of heifers supplemented with different levels of protein. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments based on protein supplementation level: control of 10% crude protein (CON), 20% crude protein (P20), or 40% crude protein (P40). BW, body condition score, and blood samples were taken every 2 wk for 140 d to monitor development. Uterine flushes were performed monthly and concentrations of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, VEGF-α, IL-17A, and IL-36RA) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β) were quantified via ELISA multiplex. To test if there were mean differences in cytokines between the treatment groups or over time, PROC GLIMMIX (SAS v 9.4) was utilized. Concentrations of all cytokines and chemokines, except IL-1α, changed throughout heifer development (P < 0.05). Heifers in the P40 treatment group displayed reduced concentrations of MCP-1 (P = 0.007) and tended to have decreased concentrations of IFN-γ (P = 0.06). Cytokine IL-36RA tended (P = 0.06) to be affected by protein level, with the lowest concentrations observed in CON heifers. Most cytokines and chemokines increased following the initial month of supplementation (P < 0.05). The increase in concentrations after 1 mo may indicate an adaptive response in the uterus to diet change. Cytokines and chemokines fluctuated due to physiological changes occurring during development. Further research is needed to determine the influence of nutrition on uterine inflammation and long-term impacts on reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Ault-Seay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Taylor D Harrison
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Kiernan J Brandt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Liesel G Schneider
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Phillip R Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Justin D Rhinehart
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Louisa A Rispoli
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
| | - Kyle J McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA
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Yuan H, Xiao L, Min W, Yuan W, Lu S, Huang G. Bu-Shen-Tong-Luo decoction prevents bone loss via inhibition of bone resorption and enhancement of angiogenesis in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis of rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:228-238. [PMID: 29317302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gathering three ancient formulas, traditional Chinese medicine Bu-Shen-Tong-Luo decoction (BSTLD) has been used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) at the Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine for decades. However, the effect of BSTLD on angiogenesis and bone resorption as well as its possible mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of BSTLD on ovariectomy-induced bone loss and vasculature disorder, and to investigate the possible bone protection mechanism of BSTLD in inhibiting bone resorption by enhancing angiogenesis signaling in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animal experiment was divided into five groups. Rats underwent either sham surgery with intact ovaries (SHAM, n = 10) or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX, n = 40). OVX rats were randomly divided into four groups and gavaged by water (vehicle, 12 mL/kg, n = 10), BSTLD (6 g/kg, n = 10), BSTLD (12 g/kg, n = 10) and 17β-estradiol (E2, 100 μg/kg, n = 10) daily for 12 weeks, respectively. The bone loss and microstructure of the distal femur were observed using micro-computed tomography (μCT). The biomechanical parameters of the femur were detected using three-point bending tests. The distribution of osteoclasts and endothelial cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein levels of angiogenesis-related hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as osteoclast activation-related signaling calcitonin receptor (CALCR), cathepsin K (CTSK), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and β-catenin were assayed by RT-PCR or Western blot. RESULTS BSTLD protected trabecular bone mass density and trabecular bone microstructure from ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. BSTLD significantly reduced mRNA and protein levels of calcitonin receptor and CTSK in femoral metaphysis and inhibited bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, BSTLD stabilized HIF-1α activity and subsequently increased VEGF expression to enhance angiogenesis and modulated RANKL/OPG signaling in this animal model. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that BSTLD reduced osteoclasts activation and bone resorption in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Bone protection by BSTLD may be associated with its stimulation of HIF-1α/VEGF angiogenesis signaling and suppression of RANKL/OPG ratio. This study may provide evidence that BSTLD treats postmenopausal osteoporosis, especially with micro-circulation complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linyan Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen Min
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenchao Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guicheng Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xie Z, Weng S, Li H, Yu X, Lu S, Huang K, Wu Z, Bai B, Boodhun V, Yang L. Teriparatide promotes healing of critical size femur defect through accelerating angiogenesis and degradation of β-TCP in OVX osteoporotic rat model. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:960-967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Prisby RD. Mechanical, hormonal and metabolic influences on blood vessels, blood flow and bone. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:R77-R100. [PMID: 28814440 PMCID: PMC5611884 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is highly vascularized due to the various roles bone blood vessels play in bone and bone marrow function. For example, the vascular system is critical for bone development, maintenance and repair and provides O2, nutrients, waste elimination, systemic hormones and precursor cells for bone remodeling. Further, bone blood vessels serve as egress and ingress routes for blood and immune cells to and from the bone marrow. It is becoming increasingly clear that the vascular and skeletal systems are intimately linked in metabolic regulation and physiological and pathological processes. This review examines how agents such as mechanical loading, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, vitamin D and calcitonin, all considered anabolic for bone, have tremendous impacts on the bone vasculature. In fact, these agents influence bone blood vessels prior to influencing bone. Further, data reveal strong associations between vasodilator capacity of bone blood vessels and trabecular bone volume, and poor associations between estrogen status and uterine mass and trabecular bone volume. Additionally, this review highlights the importance of the bone microcirculation, particularly the vascular endothelium and NO-mediated signaling, in the regulation of bone blood flow, bone interstitial fluid flow and pressure and the paracrine signaling of bone cells. Finally, the vascular endothelium as a mediator of bone health and disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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6
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Human type H vessels are a sensitive biomarker of bone mass. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2760. [PMID: 28471445 PMCID: PMC5520742 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is fundamental for bone formation and bone tissue homeostasis. However, in human subjects, a direct molecular relationship has not been identified between angiogenesis and agents that promote bone disease or factors related to age. Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal, and it represents a sign of normal aging. Here we tested whether the type H vessel, which was recently identified as strongly positive for CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi) in mice, is an important indicator of aging and osteopenia in human subjects. We found that age-dependent losses of type H vessels in human bone sections conform to the observations in aged mice. The abundance of human type H vessels and osteoprogenitors may be relevant to changes in the skeletal microarchitecture and advanced osteopenia. Furthermore, ovariectomized mice, a widely used model for postmenopausal osteoporosis, exhibited significantly reduced type H vessels accompanied by reduced osteoprogenitors, which is consistent with impaired bone microarchitecture and osteoporosis, suggesting that this feature is an indicator of bone mass independent of aging. More importantly, administration of desferrioxamine led to significantly increased bone mass via enhanced angiogenesis and increased type H vessels in ovariectomized mice. Altogether, these data represent a novel finding that type H vessels are regulated in aged and osteopenia subjects. The abundance of human type H vessels is an early marker of bone loss and represents a potential target for improving bone quality via the induction of type H vessels.
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Li L, Qu Y, Jin X, Guo XQ, Wang Y, Qi L, Yang J, Zhang P, Li LZ. Protective effect of salidroside against bone loss via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway-induced angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32131. [PMID: 27558909 PMCID: PMC4997314 DOI: 10.1038/srep32131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a critical role in coupling angiogenesis with osteogenesis during bone development and regeneration. Salidroside (SAL) has shown anti-hypoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the possible roles of SAL in the prevention of hypoxia-induced osteoporosis have remained unknown. Two osteoblast cell lines, MG-63 and ROB, were employed to evaluate the effects of SAL on cell viability, apoptosis, differentiation and mineralization in vitro. Rats subjected to ovariectomy-induced bone loss were treated with SAL in vivo. Our results showed that pre-treatment with SAL markedly attenuated the hypoxia-induced reductions in cell viability, apoptosis, differentiation and mineralization. SAL down-regulated HIF-1α expression and inhibited its translocation; however, SAL increased its transcriptional activity and, consequently, up-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In vivo studies further demonstrated that SAL caused decreases in the mineral, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and BGP concentrations in the blood of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Moreover, SAL improved the trabecular bone microarchitecture and increased bone mineral density in the distal femur. Additionally, SAL administration partially ameliorated this hypoxia via the HIF-1α-VEGF signalling pathway. Our results indicate that SAL prevents bone loss by enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis and that these effects are associated with the activation of HIF-1α signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Qin Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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8
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Jia P, Chen H, Kang H, Qi J, Zhao P, Jiang M, Guo L, Zhou Q, Qian ND, Zhou HB, Xu YJ, Fan Y, Deng LF. Deferoxamine released from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) promotes healing of osteoporotic bone defect via enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2515-27. [PMID: 27227768 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics; San Xiang Road 1055, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215004 China
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital; Pu Jian Road 160 Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Hui Kang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Jin Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Nursing Department; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; San Xiang Road 1055 Suzhou Jiangsu Province China 215004
| | - Min Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Nian Dong Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - Han Bing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
| | - You Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics; San Xiang Road 1055, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215004 China
| | - Yongqian Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics; Huadong Hospital Affiliated Fudan University; Yan'an Western Road 221 Shanghai 200040 China
| | - Lian Fu Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese Western Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Rui Jin Er Road 197 Shanghai 200020 China
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Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Maes C. Recruitment of osteogenic cells to bone formation sites during development and fracture repair. Z Rheumatol 2016; 76:5-9. [PMID: 27001056 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-015-1574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of osteoblast lineage cells to their bone-forming locations is essential for skeletal development and fracture healing. In developing bones, osteoprogenitor cells invade the cartilage mold to establish the primary ossification center. Similarly, osteogenic cells infiltrate and populate the callus tissue that is formed following an injury. Proper bone development and successful fracture repair must, therefore, rely on controlled temporal and spatial navigation cues guiding the cells to the sites where new bone formation is needed. Some cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways involved have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Maes C. [Recruitment of osteogenic cells to bone formation sites during development and fracture repair - German Version]. Z Rheumatol 2016; 75:316-21. [PMID: 27003859 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of osteoblast lineage cells to their bone-forming locations is essential for skeletal development and fracture healing. In developing bones, osteoprogenitor cells invade the cartilage mold to establish the primary ossification center. Similarly, osteogenic cells infiltrate and populate the callus tissue that is formed following an injury. Proper bone development and successful fracture repair must, therefore, rely on controlled temporal and spatial navigation cues guiding the cells to the sites where new bone formation is needed. Some cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways involved have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien
| | - N Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien
| | - C Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N 1, Herestraat 49, Box 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgien.
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Lafage-Proust MH, Roche B, Langer M, Cleret D, Vanden Bossche A, Olivier T, Vico L. Assessment of bone vascularization and its role in bone remodeling. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:662. [PMID: 25861447 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a composite organ that fulfils several interconnected functions, which may conflict with each other in pathological conditions. Bone vascularization is at the interface between these functions. The roles of bone vascularization are better documented in bone development, growth and modeling than in bone remodeling. However, every bone remodeling unit is associated with a capillary in both cortical and trabecular envelopes. Here we summarize the most recent data on vessel involvement in bone remodeling, and we present the characteristics of bone vascularization. Finally, we describe the various techniques used for bone vessel imaging and quantitative assessment, including histology, immunohistochemistry, microtomography and intravital microscopy. Studying the role of vascularization in adult bone should provide benefits for the understanding and treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Lafage-Proust
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Roche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Max Langer
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220-INSERM U1044 , Lyon, France
| | - Damien Cleret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Vanden Bossche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Olivier
- Université de Lyon , Lyon, France ; Laboratoire Hubert Curien , Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée du Tissu Osseux, INSERM U 1059 , Saint-Etienne, France ; Université de Lyon , Lyon, France
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12
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Peng J, Lai ZG, Fang ZL, Xing S, Hui K, Hao C, Jin Q, Qi Z, Shen WJ, Dong QN, Bing ZH, Fu DL. Dimethyloxalylglycine prevents bone loss in ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice through enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112744. [PMID: 25394221 PMCID: PMC4231053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during bone development and bone regeneration. Previous studies have shown that 17β-estradiol activates the HIF-1α signaling pathway and that mice with conditional activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway in osteoblasts are protected from ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. In addition, it has been shown that hypoxia facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway by hypoxia-mimicking agents would prevent bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. In this study, we confirmed the effect of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a hypoxia-mimicking agent, on the HIF-1α signaling pathway and investigated the effect of DMOG on MSC osteogenic differentiation and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We then investigated the effect of DMOG treatment on OVX-induced bone loss. Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into sham, OVX, OVX+L-DMOG (5 mg/kg/day), and OVX+H-DMOG (20 mg/kg/day) groups. At sacrifice, static and dynamic bone histomorphometry were performed with micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and undecalcified sections, respectively. Bone strength was assessed with the three-point bending test, and femur vessels were reconstructed and analyzed by micro-CT. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type(CTX) were measured by ELISA. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was used to assess osteoclast formation. Alterations in the HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in the bone were detected by western blot. Our results showed that DMOG activated the HIF-1α signaling pathway, which further activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and enhanced MSC osteogenic differentiation. The micro-CT results showed that DMOG treatment improved trabecular bone density and restored the bone microarchitecture and blood vessels in OVX mice. Bone strength was also partly restored in DMOG-treated OVX mice. Dynamic bone histomorphometric analysis of the femur metaphysic revealed that DMOG increased the mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate. The serum levels of VEGF and osteocalcin were higher in DMOG-treated OVX mice. However, there were no significant differences in serum CTX or in the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained cells between DMOG-treated OVX mice and OVX mice. Western blot results showed that DMOG administration partly rescued the decrease in HIF-1α and β-catenin expression following ovariectomy. Collectively, these results indicate that DMOG prevents bone loss due to ovariectomy in C57BL/6J mice by enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which are associated with activated HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuo Gui Lai
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qian Fo Shan Hospital, Shang Dong University, Ji Nan, China
| | - Zhang Lian Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shen Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Hui
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Hao
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Jin Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Nian Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Han Bing
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Lian Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Tomlinson RE, Silva MJ. Skeletal Blood Flow in Bone Repair and Maintenance. Bone Res 2013; 1:311-22. [PMID: 26273509 DOI: 10.4248/br201304002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, although this aspect of bone is often overlooked. In this article, the importance of blood flow in bone repair and regeneration will be reviewed. First, the skeletal vascular anatomy, with an emphasis on long bones, the distinct mechanisms for vascularizing bone tissue, and methods for remodeling existing vasculature are discussed. Next, techniques for quantifying bone blood flow are briefly summarized. Finally, the body of experimental work that demonstrates the role of bone blood flow in fracture healing, distraction osteogenesis, osteoporosis, disuse osteopenia, and bone grafting is examined. These results illustrate that adequate bone blood flow is an important clinical consideration, particularly during bone regeneration and in at-risk patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA ; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA ; Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis , Saint Louis, MO, USA
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14
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Marenzana M, Arnett TR. The Key Role of the Blood Supply to Bone. Bone Res 2013; 1:203-15. [PMID: 26273504 DOI: 10.4248/br201303001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the vascular supply for bone is well-known to orthopaedists but is still rather overlooked within the wider field of skeletal research. Blood supplies oxygen, nutrients and regulatory factors to tissues, as well as removing metabolic waste products such as carbon dioxide and acid. Bone receives up to about 10% of cardiac output, and this blood supply permits a much higher degree of cellularity, remodelling and repair than is possible in cartilage, which is avascular. The blood supply to bone is delivered to the endosteal cavity by nutrient arteries, then flows through marrow sinusoids before exiting via numerous small vessels that ramify through the cortex. The marrow cavity affords a range of vascular niches that are thought to regulate the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic and stromal cells, in part via gradients of oxygen tension. The quality of vascular supply to bone tends to decline with age and may be compromised in common pathological settings, including diabetes, anaemias, chronic airway diseases and immobility, as well as by tumours. Reductions in vascular supply are associated with bone loss. This may be due in part to the direct effects of hypoxia, which blocks osteoblast function and bone formation but causes reciprocal increases in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Common regulatory factors such as parathyroid hormone or nitrates, both of which are potent vasodilators, might exert their osteogenic effects on bone via the vasculature. These observations suggest that the bone vasculature will be a fruitful area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Marenzana
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London and Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford , UK
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London , UK
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15
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Roche B, Vanden-Bossche A, Normand M, Malaval L, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH. Validated Laser Doppler protocol for measurement of mouse bone blood perfusion - response to age or ovariectomy differs with genetic background. Bone 2013; 55:418-26. [PMID: 23571049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of bone vascularization in bone metabolism begins to be understood; however, its involvement in pathological situations remains poorly explored. Bone blood supply depends on both vascular density and blood flow. However, in mice, the specific evaluation of perfusion in bone suffers from a lack of easy-handling measurement tools. In the present study, we first developed a Laser Doppler Perfusion Measurement (LDPM) protocol in mouse tibia, which we validated with ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Then we carried out a study associating both structural (vascular quantitative histomorphometry) and functional (LDPM) approaches. We studied the effects of aging in 4, 7 and 17 month-old male mice and the early effects of ovariectomy in 4 month-old females. Both studies were carried out in inbred mice (C57BL/6) and in mice of mixed background (129sv/CD1). The significant differences we observed between strains in unchallenged 4 month-old animals concerned both perfusion and vascular density and depended on gender. Additionally, the age-related bone loss observed in male mice was not temporally associated with vascular changes in either strain. Between 7 and 17 months, we did not find any decrease in bone vascular density or perfusion. In contrast, ovariectomy triggered early vascular structural and functional adaptations which differed between genetic backgrounds. We observed that bone vessel density did not generally account for bone perfusion levels. In conclusion, we describe here a LDPM-based experimental protocol which provides a reproducible quantitative evaluation of bone perfusion in mouse tibia, hence allowing intergroup comparisons. This integrative structural and functional approach of bone vascularization showed that bone vascular adaptation occurs during aging or after ovariectomy and is affected by the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Roche
- INSERM U1059, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne F-42023, France.
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16
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Lafage-Proust MH, Prisby R, Roche B, Vico L. Vascularisation osseuse et remodelage osseux. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rhum.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Lafage-Proust MH, Prisby R, Roche B, Vico L. Bone vascularization and remodeling. Joint Bone Spine 2010; 77:521-4. [PMID: 20980183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Arnett TR. Acidosis, hypoxia and bone. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 503:103-9. [PMID: 20655868 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is profoundly affected by local pH and oxygen tension. It has long been recognised that the skeleton contains a large reserve of alkaline mineral (hydroxyapatite), which is ultimately available to neutralise metabolic H(+) if acid-base balance is not maintained within narrow limits. Bone cells are extremely sensitive to the direct effects of pH: acidosis inhibits mineral deposition by osteoblasts but it activates osteoclasts to resorb bone and other mineralised tissues. These reciprocal responses act to maximise the availability of OH(-) ions from hydroxyapatite in solution, where they can buffer excess H(+). The mechanisms by which bone cells sense small pH changes are likely to be complex, involving ion channels and receptors in the cell membrane, as well as direct intracellular effects. The importance of oxygen tension in the skeleton has also long been known. Recent work shows that hypoxia blocks the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts (and thus bone formation), whilst strongly stimulating osteoclast formation (and thus bone resorption). Surprisingly, the resorptive function of osteoclasts is unimpaired in hypoxia. In vivo, tissue hypoxia is usually accompanied by acidosis due to reduced vascular perfusion and increased glycolytic metabolism. Thus, disruption of the blood supply can engender a multiple negative impact on bone via the direct actions of reduced pO(2) and pH on bone cells. These observations may contribute to our understanding of the bone disturbances that occur in numerous settings, including ageing, inflammation, fractures, tumours, anaemias, kidney disease, diabetes, respiratory disease and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Brandi ML, Collin-Osdoby P. Vascular biology and the skeleton. J Bone Miner Res 2006; 21:183-92. [PMID: 16418774 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Oktem G, Uslu S, Vatansever SH, Aktug H, Yurtseven ME, Uysal A. Evaluation of the relationship between inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and effects of melatonin in experimental osteoporosis in the rat. Surg Radiol Anat 2005; 28:157-62. [PMID: 16362227 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-005-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. iNOS generates nitric oxide (NO), a free radical contributing to the imbalance between bone formation and resorption caused by estrogen depletion. Melatonin is the major product of the pineal gland which is known to diminish iNOS expression and NO production significantly. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of iNOS and the amount of apoptotic cells after melatonin treatment in ovariectomized rats. Since previous studies have shown that constitution of bone formation is primarily sustained in nucleus pulposus and epiphyseal cartilage, experiments were carried out on nucleus pulposus and epiphyseal cartilage; additional quantitation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were evaluated on vertebral area as well. Vertebral sections of ovariectomized rats were obtained from formalin-fixed and parafin-embedded blocks. iNOS expression and quantitation of apoptotic cells in nucleus pulposus and epiphyseal cartilage were evaluated using indirect immunoperoxidase and TUNEL techniques, respectively. The number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in trabecular bone was determined using histomorphometry. Ovariectomy increased iNOS expression and the number of apoptotic cells in nucleus pulposus and epiphyseal cartilage, whereas a 4-week treatment with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) resulted in the reduction of both effects. These data indicate that there is strong influence of melatonin application on expression of iNOS, apoptosis, osteoclast and osteoblast numbers after ovariectomy. In conclusion, melatonin besides its usual use as an antiaging hormone, may also be an effective hormone in treatment of bone changes in estrogen deficiency states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji A D, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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Soukhova-O'Hare G, Lei Z, Falcone JC, Barati MT, Feitelson JBA, Rao CV, Fleming JT. Bone medullary arterioles from ovariectomized rats have smaller baseline diameters but normal eNOS expression and NO-mediated dilation. Life Sci 2005; 77:1799-812. [PMID: 16019034 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that endogenous estrogens decrease the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in resistance-size bone arterioles, thereby reducing endothelium-dependent vasodilator function. Sexually mature female rats were ovariectomized to reduce endogenous estrogens. Age-matched female rats served as controls. Seven to ten days after ovariectomy, bone marrow tissue was collected from the femoral canal. Immuno-histochemistry was performed to detect expression of estrogen receptors, alpha and beta and eNOS. eNOS protein content in medullary bone arterioles was compared using Western blot analysis. Endothelial cell function was assessed by quantitating the dilation of isolated, pressurized bone arterioles in response to acetylcholine. The results indicate that the endothelium of bone arterioles from ovariectomized and control rats express ER-alpha, ER-beta and eNOS. eNOS protein content in the two groups of arterioles did not differ. However, the baseline diameter of arterioles from ovariectomized rats (63+/-4 microm) was significantly smaller than the diameter of arterioles from control rats (75+/-3 microm, p<0.05). The two groups of arterioles dilated equally in response to acetylcholine. L-NAME, an inhibitor of eNOS, almost completely abolished the dilator responses to acetylcholine, but not to sodium nitroprusside. L-Arginine restored acetylcholine-induced dilation after L-NAME treatment. Thus, arteriole dilation to acetylcholine appears to be mediated almost exclusively by NO. The smaller diameter of arterioles from ovariectomized rats suggests that endogenous estrogens exert a significant dilator influence on bone arterioles. However, the dilator influence does not appear to be mediated by an increase in eNOS expression or enhanced NO-dependent vasodilation. These results indicate that estrogens do not decrease eNOS expression or diminish NO-mediated dilation of bone medullary arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Soukhova-O'Hare
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Yao Z, Lafage-Proust MH, Plouët J, Bloomfield S, Alexandre C, Vico L. Increase of both angiogenesis and bone mass in response to exercise depends on VEGF. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19:1471-80. [PMID: 15312247 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.040517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Physiological angiogenesis during bone remodeling is undefined. Treadmill-running rats displayed bone marrow angiogenesis concomitant with bone formation increase and resorption decrease and upregulation of VEGF and its R1 receptor mRNA in proximal tibia. VEGF blockade over 5 weeks of training fully prevented the exercise-induced bone mass gain. INTRODUCTION We investigated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis in the osteogenic response to exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine-week-old male Wistar rats were treadmill-trained at 60% Vo(2max) for various periods. Bone and vascular histomorphometry was performed after 2- and 5-week experiments. On-line RT PCR for VEGF and its receptors R1 and R2 was done after a 10-day experiment. In the 5-week experiment, running rats received either a VEGF inhibitory antibody or a placebo. RESULTS After 2 weeks, tibial BMD did not change; however, vessel number in the proximal metaphysis increased by 20% in running versus sedentary rats. In running rats, vessel number correlated positively (r = 0.88) with bone formation rate and negatively (r = -0.85) with active resorption surfaces. After 10 days of training, upregulation of VEGF and VEGF receptor R1 mRNA was detected in periosteum and metaphyseal bone. VEGF blockade in 5-week trained rats fully prevented the exercise-induced increase in metaphyseal BMD (9%) and cancellous bone volume (BV/TV; 25%), as well as the increased vessel number (25%). In 5-week placebo-treated running rats, bone formation rate returned to initial values, whereas osteoclastic surfaces continued to decline compared with both sedentary and anti-VEGF-treated running rats. CONCLUSION VEGF signaling-mediated bone angiogenesis is tightly related to exercise-induced bone cellular uncoupling and is indispensable for bone gain induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Yao
- Faculté de Médecine, Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux, Saint-Etienne Cedex 02 42023, France
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