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Yao Y, Pek SX, Toh DWK, Xia X, Kim JE. Effects of fatty acids composition in a breakfast meal on the postprandial lipid responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:793-803. [PMID: 32223451 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1744534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of food rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) is a well-known dietary strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease while its impact on postprandial blood lipids is less examined. This study assessed the effects of fatty acids composition on the postprandial triglycerides and cholesterol responses. Seventeen randomised controlled trials were identified and pooled analysis results revealed that consumption of a UFAs-rich or an SFAs-rich breakfast meal did not acutely affect postprandial triglycerides and cholesterol responses. However, subgroup analysis observed that triglycerides incremental area under the curve was lower with an SFAs-rich meal (SMD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.15) over a less than 8 h duration, while was higher (SMD: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.23) over a longer postprandial duration. It suggests that the postprandial duration is of importance when evaluating the effects of fatty acids composition on blood lipid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheri Xueqi Pek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuejuan Xia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Vásquez‐Garibay E, Larrosa‐Haro A, Guzmán‐Mercado E, Muñoz‐Esparza N, García‐Arellano S, Muñoz‐Valle F, Romero‐ Velarde E. Appetite-regulating hormones and anthropometric indicators of infants according to the type of feeding. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:993-1000. [PMID: 32148807 PMCID: PMC7020265 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been accepted that satiety- and appetite-stimulating hormones play a role in the regulation of food intake and body composition during and after the lactation stage. Therefore, the purpose was to demonstrate that serum appetite-regulating hormones in infants differ according to anthropometric indicators and type of feeding. In a nonrandom cohort study, 169 mother-newborn dyads whose pregnancy and birth were attended at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled. According to the type of feeding, infants were classified as full breastfeeding (FBF), partial breastfeeding (PBF), and infants receiving human milk substitutes (HMS). Serum concentrations of ghrelin (pg/ml), leptin (ng/ml), peptide YY (pg/ml), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (pM) were measured. Anthropometric measurements including weight, length, cephalic, arm circumference, tricipital, and subscapular skinfolds were obtained. Weight/age, weight/height, height/age, and BMI Z-score indexes were estimated. We performed one-way ANOVA, unpaired Student's t test, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation tests. The ANOVA comparison of the three feeding types showed significant differences in most anthropometric indicators (z-scores), especially between infants receiving FBF versus HMS and particularly on indicators of adiposity; no differences were observed in length and cephalic circumference z-scores at 8th and 16th weeks. Further, significant correlations were found between most of the adiposity indicators with ghrelin, leptin, and GLP-1, especially in infants who received FBF. There were differences in anthropometric and body composition parameters among infants receiving FBF, PBF, and HMS. There were significant correlations between body composition indicators with ghrelin, leptin, and GLP-1 mainly in infants receiving FBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Vásquez‐Garibay
- Instituto de Nutrición HumanaUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico
- Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. MenchacaGuadalajaraMexico
| | | | | | | | - Samuel García‐Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias BiomédicasUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico
| | - Francisco Muñoz‐Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias BiomédicasUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico
| | - Enrique Romero‐ Velarde
- Instituto de Nutrición HumanaUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico
- Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. MenchacaGuadalajaraMexico
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Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Gat-Yablonski G, Shtaif B, Hadani S, Abargil S, Phillip M, Lazar L. Growth hormone therapy in children with idiopathic short stature - the effect on appetite and appetite-regulating hormones: a pilot study. Endocr Res 2019; 44:16-26. [PMID: 29979896 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2018.1493598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy on appetite-regulating hormones and to examine the association between these hormones and the response to GH, body composition, and resting energy expenditure (REE). METHODS Nine pre-pubertal children with idiopathic short stature underwent a standard meal test before and 4 months following initiation of GH treatment. Ghrelin, GLP-1, leptin, and insulin levels were measured; area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Height, weight, body composition, REE, and insulin-like growth factor levels were recorded at baseline and after 4 and 12 months. RESULTS Following 4 months of GH therapy, food intake increased, with increased height-standard deviation score (SDS), weight-SDS, and REE (p < .05). Significant changes in appetite-regulating hormones included a decrease in postprandial AUC ghrelin levels (p = .045) and fasting GLP-1 (p = .038), and an increase in fasting insulin (p = .043). Ghrelin levels before GH treatment were positively correlated with the changes in weight-SDS (fasting: r = .667, p = .05; AUC: r = .788, p = .012) and REE (fasting: r = .866, p = .005; AUC: r = .847, p = .008) following 4 months of GH therapy. Ghrelin AUC at 4 months was positively correlated with the changes in height-SDS (r = .741, p = .022) and fat-free-mass (r = .890, p = .001) at 12 months of GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in ghrelin and GLP-1 following GH treatment suggests a role for GH in appetite regulation. Fasting and meal-AUC ghrelin levels may serve as biomarkers for predicting short-term (4 months) changes in weight and longer term (12 months) changes in height following GH treatment. The mechanisms linking GH with changes in appetite-regulating hormones remain to be elucidated. ABBREVIATIONS SDS: standard deviation score; REE: resting energy expenditure; SMT: standard meal test; AUC: area under the curve; ISS: idiopathic short stature; SGA: small for gestational age; FFM: fat-free-mass; FM: fat mass; EER: estimated energy requirements; DRI: dietary reference intakes; IQR: inter-quartile range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- a The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes , National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel , Petah Tikva , Israel
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- a The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes , National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel , Petah Tikva , Israel
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
- c Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center , Petah Tikva , Israel
| | - Biana Shtaif
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
- c Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center , Petah Tikva , Israel
| | - Shir Hadani
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Shiran Abargil
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- a The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes , National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel , Petah Tikva , Israel
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Liora Lazar
- a The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes , National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel , Petah Tikva , Israel
- b Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis proposes that several non-communicable diseases have their origins in prenatal life and in early childhood. This is believed to work through programming, an insult, taking place at a sensitive period of development, may have lifelong consequences, increasing and programming disease risk later in life. The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS) has been focusing upon the importance of factors active during periods in early life and their influence on later health in 20,431 people born 1924-44. This review will focus upon findings from the HBCS over the past 20 years. Early growth patterns associated with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and other health outcomes are described. The long-term health impact of maternal adiposity is also discussed. Potential underlying mechanisms explaining the associations are discussed including epigenetic factors. Key messages Several non-communicable diseases - including coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes - have their origins in early life. Early life programming during sensitive periods of development may permanently program future health and disease risk. Optimizing the health and lifestyle of women of reproductive age will have positive health consequences for their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan G Eriksson
- a Department of Chronic Disease Prevention , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland.,b Folkhälsan Research Center , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
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Appetite-regulating hormones in early life and relationships with type of feeding and body composition in healthy term infants. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1725-1732. [PMID: 27170102 PMCID: PMC5486626 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction
Body composition in early life influences development of obesity during childhood and beyond. Appetite-regulating hormones (ARH) play a role in regulation of food intake and might thus influence body composition in later life. Studies on associations between ARH and body composition in early life are limited. Methods In 197 healthy term infants, we measured serum fasting levels of ghrelin, leptin, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY (PYY) at 3 months and in 41 infants also at 6 months and their associations with type of feeding and longitudinal fat mass percentage (FM%) measured by air displacement plethysmography at 1, 3 and 6 months and abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat, measured by ultrasound, at 3 and 6 months. Results Infants with formula feeding for 3 months had significantly higher serum levels of ghrelin, leptin, insulin, GIP and PP (p = 0.026, p = 0.018, p = 0.002, p < 0.001, resp.) and lower serum levels of PYY (p = 0.002) at 3 months than breastfed infants. Leptin and ghrelin correlated positively with FM% at 3 months and insulin with change in FM% between 1 and 3 months (r = 0.40, p < 0.001, r = 0.23, p < 0.05, r = 0.22, p < 0.01, resp.). Leptin at 3 months correlated with subcutaneous fat at 3 months (r = 0.23, p < 0.001), but not with visceral fat. Other ARH did not correlate with body composition. Conclusion Formula-fed infants had a different profile of ARH than breastfed infants, suggesting that lower levels of ghrelin, leptin and insulin in breastfed infants contribute to the protective role of breastfeeding against obesity development. Leptin, ghrelin and insulin were associated with fat mass percentage or its changes.
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Desai M, Li T, Han G, Ross MG. Programmed hyperphagia secondary to increased hypothalamic SIRT1. Brain Res 2014; 1589:26-36. [PMID: 25245521 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Small for gestational age (SGA) offspring exhibit reduced hypothalamic neural satiety pathways leading to programmed hyperphagia and adult obesity. Appetite regulatory site, the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains appetite (NPY/AgRP) and satiety (POMC) neurons. Using in vitro culture of hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells (NPC) which form the ARC, we demonstrated that SGA offspring exhibit reduced NPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. bHLH protein Hes1 promotes NPC self-renewal and inhibits differentiation by repressing neuronal differentiation genes (Mash1, neurogenin3). We hypothesized that Hes1/Mash1 and ultimately ARC neuronal differentiation and expression of NPY/POMC neurons are influenced by SIRT1 which is a nutrient sensor and a histone deacetylase. Control dams received ad libitum food, whereas study dams were 50% food-restricted from pregnancy day 10 to 21 (SGA). In vivo studies showed that SGA newborns and adult offspring had increased protein expression of hypothalamic/ARC SIRT1 and AgRP with decreased POMC. Additionally, SGA newborns had decreased expression of hypothalamic neurogenic factors with reduced in vivo NPC proliferation. In vitro culture of hypothalamic NPCs showed similar changes with elevated SIRT1 binding to Hes1 in SGA newborn. Silencing SIRT1 increased NPC proliferation and Hes1 and Tuj1expression in both Control and SGA NPCs. Although SGA NPC proliferation remained below that of Controls, it was higher than Control NPCs in the absence of SIRT1 siRNA. The direct impact of SIRT1 on NPC proliferation and differentiation were further confirmed with pharmacologic SIRT1 inhibitor and activator. Thus, in SGA newborns elevated SIRT1 induces premature differentiation of NPCs, reducing the NPC pool and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Desai
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502.
| | - Tie Li
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Guang Han
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Michael G Ross
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
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van Deutekom AW, Chinapaw MJM, Vrijkotte TGM, Gemke RJBJ. Study protocol: the relation of birth weight and infant growth trajectories with physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behavior at 8-9 years of age - the ABCD study. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:102. [PMID: 23835159 PMCID: PMC3710272 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight and accelerated infant growth have been identified as independent risk factors for childhood and adult obesity and cardiovascular disease. This led to the 'Developmental Origins of Health and Disease' (DOHaD) hypothesis, stating that environmental factors during pregnancy and early postnatal life affect disease risk in later life. There is growing evidence that perinatal factors may influence adult health through the programming of energy balance regulation, including sedentary behavior and physical activity. The present study focuses on the influence of birth weight and infant growth on physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behavior in 8-9 year old children, as this might partly explain the higher obesity and cardiovascular risk associated with low birth weight and accelerated infant growth. In addition, this study provides the opportunity for a validation study of a linguistic and cross-cultural translated physical activity questionnaire compared to accelerometer data. This article describes the study protocol for this study. METHODS/DESIGN This is a study embedded in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) birth cohort. In 200 children of Dutch ethnicity, physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed at age 8-9. We measured aerobic fitness using the 20 meter multistage shuttle run test, and neuromuscular fitness using the standing broad jump and handgrip strength test. Sedentary behavior and physical activity levels were measured using accelerometry. All children also completed a translated physical activity questionnaire, the scores of which will be compared to accelerometry data to assess the construct validity of the questionnaire in Dutch school-aged children. DISCUSSION This study will be the first population-based prospective cohort study to address the association of both prenatal and postnatal growth with physical fitness and objectively-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior. This will contribute to a better understanding of the way perinatal growth relate to lifestyle and obesity in later life. The results may guide both future studies in the field of DOHaD, and public health strategies in the prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arend W van Deutekom
- Department of Pediatrics, EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mai JM Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO institute for Health & Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja GM Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinoud JBJ Gemke
- Department of Pediatrics, EMGO Institute for Health & Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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