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Dubey SK, Thakur A, Jena MK, Kumar S, Sodhi M, Mukesh M, Kaushik JK, Mohanty AK. Effect of bovine beta-casomorphins on rat pancreatic beta cells (RIN-5F) under glucotoxic stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 739:150578. [PMID: 39178795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Beta-casomorphins (BCMs) are the bio-active peptides having opioid properties which are formed by the proteolytic digestion of β-caseins in milk. BCM-7 forms when A1 milk is digested in the small intestine due to a histidine at the 67th position in β-casein, unlike A2 milk, which has proline at this position and produces BCM-9. BCM-7 has further degraded into BCM-5 by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme in the intestine. The opioid-like activity of BCM-7 is responsible for eliciting signaling pathways which enable a wide range of physiological effects. The aim of our study was to find out the differential role of BCMs (BCM-7, BCM-9 and BCM-5) on pancreatic β-cell proliferation, insulin secretion, and opioid peptide binding receptors from β-cells (RIN-5F cell line) in normal (5.5 mM) and high glucose (27.5 mM) concentrations. Our results showed that BCM-7/9/5 did not affect β-cell viability, proliferation, and insulin secretion at normal glucose level. However, at higher glucose concentration, BCMs significantly protected β-cells from glucotoxicity but did not affect the insulin secretion. Interestingly, in the presence of Mu-opioid peptide receptor antagonist CTOP, BCMs did not protect β-cells from glucotoxicity. The results suggest that BCMs protect β-cells from glucotoxicity via non-opioid mediated pathways because BCMs did not modulate the gene expression of the mu, kappa and delta opioid peptide receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kumar Dubey
- Cell, Molecular and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Abhishek Thakur
- Cell, Molecular and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Cell, Molecular and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Monika Sodhi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBAGR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBAGR), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Jai Kumar Kaushik
- Cell, Molecular and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Cell, Molecular and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle (ICAR-CIRC), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India.
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2
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Functionally bioreactive. J DAIRY RES 2022; 89:343-344. [PMID: 36530166 DOI: 10.1017/s002202992200084x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Barati M, Javanmardi F, Mousavi Jazayeri SMH, Jabbari M, Rahmani J, Barati F, Nickho H, Davoodi SH, Roshanravan N, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Techniques, perspectives, and challenges of bioactive peptide generation: A comprehensive systematic review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1488-1520. [PMID: 33337080 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the digestible refractory and absorbable structures of bioactive peptides (BPs), they could induce notable biological impacts on the living organism. In this regard, the current study was devoted to providing an overview regarding the available methods for BPs generation by the aid of a systematic review conducted on the published articles up to April 2019. In this context, the PubMed and Scopus databases were screened to retrieve the related publications. According to the results, although the characterization of BPs mainly has been performed using enzymatic and microbial in-vitro methods, they cannot be considered as suitable techniques for further stimulation of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, new approaches for both in-vivo and in-silico methods for BPs identification should be developed to overcome the obstacles that belonged to the current methods. The purpose of this review was to compile the recent analytical methods applied for studying various aspects of food-derived biopeptides, and emphasizing generation at in vitro, in vivo, and in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Barati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Javanmardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Barati
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetic, National Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Ledesma-Martínez E, Aguíñiga-Sánchez I, Weiss-Steider B, Rivera-Martínez AR, Santiago-Osorio E. Casein and Peptides Derived from Casein as Antileukaemic Agents. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8150967. [PMID: 31582978 PMCID: PMC6754885 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8150967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a heterogeneous lacteal secretion mixture of numerous components that exhibit a wide variety of chemical and functional activities. Casein, the main protein in milk, is composed of α-, β-, and κ-caseins, each of which is important for nutritional value and for promoting the release of cytokines, also are linked to the regulation of haematopoiesis and immune response and inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of leukaemia cells. It has been shown that the digestive process of caseins leads to the release of bioactive peptides that are involved in the regulation of blood pressure and the inhibition or activation of the immune response by serving as agonists or antagonists of opioid receptors, thus controlling the expression of genes that exert epigenetic control. Later, they bind to opioid receptor, block nuclear factor κ-beta, increase the redox potential, and reduce oxidative stress and the pro-inflammatory agents that favour an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory environment. Therefore, the bioactive peptides of casein could be compounds with antileukaemia potential. This review provides a summary of current knowledge about caseins and casein peptides on the immune system as well as their roles in the natural defence against the development of leukaemia and as relevant epigenetic regulators that can help eradicate leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzen Aguíñiga-Sánchez
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Rocío Rivera-Martínez
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Haematopoiesis and Leukaemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Lebetwa N, Suzuki Y, Tanaka S, Nakamura S, Katayama S. Enhanced Anti-Allergic Activity of Milk Casein Phosphopeptide by Additional Phosphorylation in Ovalbumin-Sensitized Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040738. [PMID: 30791382 PMCID: PMC6412743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic digest of milk casein, known as casein phosphopeptide (CPP-III), exhibits diverse biological activities, including calcium absorption and antioxidant activities. We hypothesized that the additional phosphorylation of this peptide can enhance its immunomodulatory activity such as suppression of allergy-associated cytokine and antigen-specific immune response. This study was conducted to assess whether oral intake of additionally phosphorylated CPP-III (P-CPP) attenuates ovalbumin (OVA)-induced IgE-mediated allergic reactions because of the additional phosphate groups. Female BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with OVA twice at intervals of 14 days and then orally fed native CPP-III (N-CPP), P-CPP, and dephosphorylated CPP-III (D-CPP) for 6 weeks. Next, the mice were orally challenged with 50 mg of OVA. Oral administration of P-CPP suppressed total and specific IgE levels in the serum. Mice fed P-CPP exhibited low levels of OVA-specific IgG1 and increased OVA-specific IgG2a. P-CPP also suppressed IL-4 production, while D-CPP showed similar a level compared to that of the control. Further, P-CPP increased the population of the T follicular helper (Tfh) cell in the spleen. These results suggest that additional phosphorylation of CPP can enhance the attenuation of allergen-specific IgE-modulated allergic reactions in a murine food allergy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntshepisa Lebetwa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
- Department of Agricultural Research, Animal Production and Range research Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Private bag 0033, Gaborone BO320, Botswana.
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Soichiro Nakamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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Protein and Peptides for Elderly Health. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:265-308. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Characterisation of in vitro gastrointestinal digests from low fat caprine kefir enriched with inulin. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Sanchón J, Fernández-Tomé S, Miralles B, Hernández-Ledesma B, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Recio I. Protein degradation and peptide release from milk proteins in human jejunum. Comparison with in vitro gastrointestinal simulation. Food Chem 2017; 239:486-494. [PMID: 28873595 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human jejunal digests after oral ingestion of casein and whey protein were collected by a nasogastric tube and protein degradation and peptide release was compared with that found in the digests of the same substrates using a standardised protocol. No intact casein was detected in the jejunal nor in the in vitro samples taken during the intestinal phase, while β-lactoglobulin was found in one hour-jejunal samples in agreement with the in vitro digestion. In vivo and in vitro digests showed comparable peptide profiles and high number of common sequences. A selective precipitation step was used to strengthen the identification of phosphorylated peptides. Most of the sequences found in jejunum, some of them not previously described, were also identified in the simulated digests. Common resistant regions to digestion were identified, revealing that the in vitro protocol constitutes a good approximation to the physiological gastrointestinal digestion of milk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sanchón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fernández-Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Miralles
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Tomé
- AgroParisTech_UMR0914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Gaudichon
- AgroParisTech_UMR0914 Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - I Recio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Summer A, Formaggioni P, Franceschi P, Di Frangia F, Righi F, Malacarne M. Cheese as Functional Food: The Example of Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55:277-289. [PMID: 29089844 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.55.03.17.5233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Italian hard cooked types of cheese, like Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano, are characterised by positive nutritional qualities. In fact, they contain substances that have particular biological activities, and therefore they can be fully considered, according to the definition given by the European Unit, as 'functional' foods. This short review concisely describes these components and the beneficial effects related to their activities. The description of the biologically active components has been organised in the following paragraphs: protein and peptides, fat and lipids, carbohydrates and prebiotics, probiotic bacteria, vitamins, mineral salts, and components of dairy products active in disease prevention. In particular, several known bioactive peptides were found in Parmigiano Reggiano cheese samples: for example, phosphopeptides, which are known for their mineral-binding capacity and vehiculation activity, peptides with immunomodulatory activity, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides with anti-hypertensive effects. Among lipids, the role of conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acids present in these cheese types was taken into consideration. The presence of oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties and probiotic bacteria was also described. Finally, particular emphasis was given to highly available calcium and its impact on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Summer
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy.,MILC Center, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, IT-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Formaggioni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Piero Franceschi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Di Frangia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Malacarne
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, IT-43126 Parma, Italy.,MILC Center, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 59/A, IT-43124 Parma, Italy
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Singh P, Singh TP, Gandhi N. Prevention of lipid oxidation in muscle foods by milk proteins and peptides: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1261297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Singh
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Tarun pal Singh
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Neeraj Gandhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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11
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Caron J, Chataigné G, Gimeno JP, Duhal N, Goossens JF, Dhulster P, Cudennec B, Ravallec R, Flahaut C. Food peptidomics ofin vitrogastrointestinal digestions of partially purified bovine hemoglobin: low-resolution versus high-resolution LC-MS/MS analyses. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1814-22. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Caron
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois; EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
| | - Gabrielle Chataigné
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois; EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
| | - Jean-Pascal Gimeno
- Laboratoire PRISM/clic imaging-U 1192 INSERM Protéomique, réponse inflammatoire et spectrométrie de masse; Université Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | | | | | - Pascal Dhulster
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois; EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois; EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois; EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois; EA 7394 - ICV - Institut Charles Viollette; Lille France
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12
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De Noni I, Stuknytė M, Cattaneo S. Identification of β-casomorphins 3 to 7 in cheeses and in their in vitro gastrointestinal digestates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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García-Nebot MJ, Alegría A, Barberá R, Gaboriau F, Bouhallab S. Effect of Caseinophosphopeptides from αs- and β-Casein on Iron Bioavailability in HuH7 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6757-6763. [PMID: 26154705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two pools of caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) obtained from αs- and β-casein fractions (α-CPPs and β-CPPs) were characterized. A total of 16 CPPs were identified in the α-CPPs pool, 9 of them derived from αs1-casein and 7 from αs2-casein. A total of 18 CPPs were identified in the β-CPPs pool. Four of the identified CPPs contained the characteristic phosphoseryl-glutamic acid cluster SpSpSpEE. Calcein assay was used to compare the iron-binding capacity of the α- and β-CPPs pools. At the concentration of 12.5 μM CPPs used in the iron bioavailability assays, β-CPPs pools show greater iron-binding capacity than α-CPPs pools. HuH7 human hepatoma cells show many differentiated functions of liver cells in vivo and can be used to evaluate iron bioavailability (ferritin content and soluble transferrin receptor) from Fe-α-CPPs and Fe-β-CPPs complexes. The α-CPPs and β-CPPs pools did not improve ferritin content or soluble transferrin receptor in HuH7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García-Nebot
- †Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- †Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- †Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - François Gaboriau
- §INSERM, UMR991, Université de Rennes 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2 Avenue Henri le Guilloux, F-35033 Rennes Cedex, France
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Dallas DC, Guerrero A, Parker EA, Robinson RC, Gan J, German JB, Barile D, Lebrilla CB. Current peptidomics: applications, purification, identification, quantification, and functional analysis. Proteomics 2015; 15:1026-38. [PMID: 25429922 PMCID: PMC4371869 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptidomics is an emerging field branching from proteomics that targets endogenously produced protein fragments. Endogenous peptides are often functional within the body-and can be both beneficial and detrimental. This review covers the use of peptidomics in understanding digestion, and identifying functional peptides and biomarkers. Various techniques for peptide and glycopeptide extraction, both at analytical and preparative scales, and available options for peptide detection with MS are discussed. Current algorithms for peptide sequence determination, and both analytical and computational techniques for quantification are compared. Techniques for statistical analysis, sequence mapping, enzyme prediction, and peptide function, and structure prediction are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Dallas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andres Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Evan A. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Randall C. Robinson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Junai Gan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
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15
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Caseinophosphopeptides released after tryptic hydrolysis versus simulated gastrointestinal digestion of a casein-derived by-product. Food Chem 2015; 168:648-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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On the trail of milk bioactive peptides in human and animal intestinal tracts during digestion: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Hernández-Ledesma B, García-Nebot MJ, Fernández-Tomé S, Amigo L, Recio I. Dairy protein hydrolysates: Peptides for health benefits. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Wada Y, Lönnerdal B. Bioactive peptides derived from human milk proteins — mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:503-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Haq MRU, Kapila R, Saliganti V. Consumption of β-casomorphins-7/5 induce inflammatory immune response in mice gut through Th2 pathway. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Boutrou R, Gaudichon C, Dupont D, Jardin J, Airinei G, Marsset-Baglieri A, Benamouzig R, Tomé D, Leonil J. Sequential release of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides in the jejunum in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:1314-23. [PMID: 23576048 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.055202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The digestive hydrolysis of dietary proteins leads to the release of peptides in the intestinal tract, where they may exert a variety of functions, but their characterization and quantification are difficult. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize and determine kinetics of the formation of peptides present in the jejunum of humans who ingested casein or whey proteins by using mass spectrometry and to look for and quantify bioactive peptides. DESIGN Subjects were equipped with a double-lumen nasogastric tube that migrated to the proximal jejunum. A sample collection was performed for 6 h after the ingestion of 30 g (15)N-labeled casein (n = 7) or whey proteins (WPs; n = 6). Nitrogen flow rates were measured, and peptides were identified by using mass spectrometry. RESULTS After casein ingestion, medium-size peptides (750-1050 kDa) were released during 6 h, whereas larger peptides (1050-1800 kDa) were released from WPs in the first 3 h. A total of 356 and 146 peptides were detected and sequenced in the jejunum after casein and WP ingestion, respectively. β-casein was the most important precursor of peptides, including bioactive peptides with various activities. The amounts of β-casomorphins (β-casein 57-, 58-, 59-, and 60-66) and β-casein 108-113 released on the postprandial window were sufficient to elicit the biological action of these peptides (ie, opioid and antihypertensive, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Clear evidence is shown of the presence of bioactive peptides in the jejunum of healthy humans who ingested casein. Our findings raise the question about the physiologic conditions under which these peptides can express their bioactivity in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00862329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Boutrou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), joint research unit (UMR) 1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France.
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Abstract
In addition to supplying essential nutrients, some food proteins can confer additional health benefits beyond nutrition. The presence of bioactive proteins and peptides in different foods is a factor not currently taken into consideration when assessing the dietary quality of food proteins. The range of described physiological benefits attributed to bioactive proteins and peptides is diverse. Multiple factors can potentially impact on the ability of a bioactive peptide or protein to elicit an effect. Although some food proteins act directly in their intact form to elicit their effects, generally it is peptides derived from digestion, hydrolysis or fermentation that are of most interest. The levels of bioactive peptides generated must be sufficient to elicit a response, but should not be so high as to be unsafe, thus causing negative effects. In addition, some peptides cause systemic effects and therefore must be absorbed, again in sufficient amounts to elicit their action. Many studies to date have been carried out in vitro; therefore it is important that further trials are conducted in vivo to assess efficacy, dose response and safety of the peptides, particularly if health related claims are to be made. Therefore, methods must be developed and standardised that enable the measurement of health benefits and also the level of bioactive peptides which are absorbed into the bloodstream. Once standardised, such methods may provide a new perspective and an additional mechanism for analysing protein quality which is currently not encompassed by the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS).
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Yin H, Miao J, Ma C, Sun G, Zhang Y. β-Casomorphin-7 cause decreasing in oxidative stress and inhibiting NF-κB-iNOS-NO signal pathway in pancreas of diabetes rats. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C278-82. [PMID: 22339544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Casomorphin-7 (β-CM-7) is a milk biological active peptide. The present study is aimed to investigate the protective effects of β-CM-7, against oxidative stress in pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by assaying malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) level, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and NF-κB, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. A significant increase in the level of oxidative stress was observed in pancreas of the diabetic rats when compared to control rats. After 15 d oral administration of β-CM-7 (7.5 × 10(-8) mol/d), the pancreas MDA level was markedly reduced. Oral administration of β-CM-7 to diabetic rats showed an obviously increase in the activity of catalase in pancreas, oral administration of β-CM-7 to the diabetic group of rats also showed a reduction of NF-κB and iNOS gene expression in pancreas. The elevated pancreas NO level was markedly reduced by the oral administration of β-CM-7. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that β-CM-7 may cause protective effects such as pronounced decreasing in oxidative stress and inhibiting NF-κB-iNOS-NO signal pathway in pancreas of diabetes rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural Univ, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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Moutinho CG, Matos CM, Teixeira JA, Balcão VM. Nanocarrier possibilities for functional targeting of bioactive peptides and proteins: state-of-the-art. J Drug Target 2011; 20:114-41. [PMID: 22023555 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.628397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review attempts to provide an updated compilation of studies reported in the literature pertaining to production of nanocarriers encasing peptides and/or proteins, in a way that helps the reader direct a bibliographic search and develop an integrated perspective of the subject. Highlights are given to bioactive proteins and peptides, with a special focus on those from dairy sources (including physicochemical characteristics and properties, and biopharmaceutical application possibilities of e.g. lactoferrin and glycomacropeptide), as well as to nanocarrier functional targeting. Features associated with micro- and (multiple) nanoemulsions, micellar systems, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, together with biopharmaceutical considerations, are presented in the text in a systematic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla G Moutinho
- Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
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Segura-Campos M, Chel-Guerrero L, Betancur-Ancona D, Hernandez-Escalante VM. Bioavailability of Bioactive Peptides. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2011.563395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nagpal R, Behare P, Rana R, Kumar A, Kumar M, Arora S, Morotta F, Jain S, Yadav H. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins and their health beneficial potentials: an update. Food Funct 2010; 2:18-27. [PMID: 21773582 DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that dietary proteins provide a rich source of biologically active peptides. Today, milk proteins are considered the most important source of bioactive peptides and an increasing number of bioactive peptides have been identified in milk protein hydrolysates and fermented dairy products. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins offer a promising approach for the promotion of health by means of a tailored diet and provide interesting opportunities to the dairy industry for expansion of its field of operation. The potential health benefits of milk protein-derived peptides have been a subject of growing commercial interest in the context of health-promoting functional foods. Hence, these peptides are being incorporated in the form of ingredients in functional and novel foods, dietary supplements and even pharmaceuticals with the purpose of delivering specific health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Biotechnology, JMIT Institute of Engineering and Technology, Radaur 135133, Haryana, India
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26
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Yin H, Miao J, Zhang Y. Protective effect of beta-casomorphin-7 on type 1 diabetes rats induced with streptozotocin. Peptides 2010; 31:1725-9. [PMID: 20685284 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the possible effects of beta-casomorphin-7, against hyperglycemia and free radical-mediated oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by assaying the blood glucose level and the activity of plasma enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). A significant increase in the levels of both blood glucose and oxidative stress with a predominant decrease in antioxidant status was observed in the diabetic rats when compared to control rats. After 15 days oral administration of beta-casomorphin-7 (7.5 x 10(-8) mol/day), the elevated blood glucose level was reduced. Oral administration of beta-CM-7 to diabetic rats showed an increase in the level of plasma insulin, the elevated plasma glucagon level was markedly reduced by the oral administration of beta-CM-7. Oral administration of beta-CM-7 to the diabetic group of rats also showed a significant elevation in the activity of SOD and catalase. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that beta-casomorphin-7 can protect rats from hyperglycemia and free radical-mediated oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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García-Nebot MJ, Alegría A, Barberá R, Contreras MDM, Recio I. Milk versus caseinophosphopeptides added to fruit beverage: resistance and release from simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Peptides 2010; 31:555-61. [PMID: 20035813 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) formation in milk-based fruit beverage was evaluated, together with resistance of a pool of CPPs added to fruit beverage. In milk-based fruit beverage, four CPPs were identified that can be justified by their presence in raw milk or due to processing. When it was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, 10 CPPs were identified, and only 1 presented the cluster (SpSpSpEE) (3 phosphoseryl group followed by 2 glutamic acid residues), which corresponded to alpha(s2)-CN(1-19)4P. CPPs added to fruit beverage are resistant to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and 16 CPPs were identified originating from the fragmentation of added CPPs, and with a greater presence of the cluster compared with CPPs originating from milk-based fruit beverage. This could justify the use of CPPs as functional ingredients, and offer a good alternative to milk-based fruit beverage for improving mineral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José García-Nebot
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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29
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Casein-derived bioactive peptides: Biological effects, industrial uses, safety aspects and regulatory status. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Characterization of the 12% trichloroacetic acid-insoluble oligopeptides of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese. J DAIRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe isolation and identification of low molecular mass peptides formed during the ripening of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese is described. A strategy was used based on the fractionation of nitrogenous material using chemical methods followed by HPLC to isolate peptides and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry to identify them. It was found that the majority of cheese oligopeptides arose from the proteolysis of β-casein. Several phosphopeptides and oligopeptides known in vivo to be biologically active have also been identified during the ripening of cheese.
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31
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Bauer E, Williams BA, Smidt H, Mosenthin R, Verstegen MWA. Influence of dietary components on development of the microbiota in single-stomached species. Nutr Res Rev 2007; 19:63-78. [DOI: 10.1079/nrr2006123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAfter birth, development of a normal microbial community occurs gradually, and is affected by factors such as the composition of the maternal gut microbiota, the environment, and the host genome. Diet also has a direct influence, both on composition and activity of this community. This influence begins with the milk, when specific components exert their growth-promoting effect on a beneficial microbiota, thereby suppressing potential pathogens. For example, breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed babies usually have a microbial community dominated by bifidobacteria. When solid food is introduced (weaning), dramatic changes in microbial composition occur, so pathogens can gain access to the disturbed gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem. However, use of specific dietary components can alter the composition and activity of the microbiota positively. Of all dietary components, fermentable carbohydrates seem to be most promising in terms of promoting proliferation of beneficial bacterial species. Carbohydrate fermentation results in the production of SCFA which are known for their trophic and health-promoting effects. Fermentation of proteins, on the other hand, is often associated with growth of potential pathogens, and results in production of detrimental substances including NH3and amines. In terms of the GI microbiota, lipids are often associated with the antimicrobial activity of medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives. The present review aims to provide deeper insights into the composition and development of the neonatal GI microbiota, how this microbiota can be influenced by certain dietary components, and how this might ultimately lead to improvements in host health.
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Macaud C, Zhao Q, Ricart G, Piot JM. RAPID DETECTION OF A CASOMORPHIN AND NEW CASOMORPHIN-LIKE PEPTIDE FROM A PEPTIC CASEIN HYDROLYSATE BY SPECTRAL COMPARISON AND SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY DURING HPLC ANALYSIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Macaud
- a Université de La Rochelle , Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Marillac, La Rochelle , 17042 , France
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- b Université de La Rochelle , Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Marillac, La Rochelle , 17042 , France
| | - Guy Ricart
- c Université Lille 1 , Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Jean Marie Piot
- a Université de La Rochelle , Laboratoire de Génie Protéique et Cellulaire, Pôle Sciences et Technologies, Avenue Marillac, La Rochelle , 17042 , France
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Vermeirssen V, Van Camp J, Verstraete W. Bioavailability of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Br J Nutr 2007; 92:357-66. [PMID: 15469639 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension or high blood pressure is a significant health problem worldwide. Bioactive peptides that inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) in the cardiovascular system can contribute to the prevention and treatment of hypertension. These ACE inhibitory peptides are derived from many food proteins, especially milk proteins. An ACE inhibitory activity in vitro does not always imply an antihypertensive effect in vivo. Even if it does, it is very difficult to establish a direct relationship between in vitro and in vivo activity. This is mainly due to the bioavailability of the ACE inhibitory peptides after oral administration and the fact that peptides may influence blood pressure by mechanisms other than ACE inhibition. To exert an antihypertensive effect after oral ingestion, ACE inhibitory peptides have to reach the cardiovascular system in an active form. Therefore, they need to remain active during digestion by human proteases and be transported through the intestinal wall into the blood. The bioavailability of some ACE inhibitory peptides has been studied. It is also known that (hydroxy)proline-containing peptides are generally resistant to degradation by digestive enzymes. Peptides can be absorbed intact through the intestine by paracellular and transcellular routes, but the potency of the bioactivity after absorption is inversely correlated to chain length. In addition, some strategies are proposed to increase the bioavailability of ACE inhibitory peptides. Further research into the bioavailability of ACE inhibitory peptides will lead to the development of more effective ACE inhibitory peptides and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vermeirssen
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Ghent University, Faculty of Agriculture and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
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Effects of bovine and caprine Monterey Jack cheeses fortified with milk calcium on bone mineralization in rats. Int Dairy J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stang A, Ahrens W, Baumgardt-Elms C, Stegmaier C, Merzenich H, de Vrese M, Schrezenmeir J, Jöckel KH. Adolescent Milk Fat and Galactose Consumption and Testicular Germ Cell Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:2189-95. [PMID: 17119045 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent case-control studies suggested that dairy product consumption is an important risk factor for testicular cancer. We examined the association between consumption of dairy products, especially milk, milk fat, and galactose, and testicular cancer in a population-based case-control study including 269 case and 797 controls (response proportions of 76% and 46%, respectively). Dietary history was assessed by food frequency questions for the index persons and through their mothers including diet 1 year before interview and diet at age 17 years. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios as estimates of the relative risk (RR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and to control for social status and height. The RR of testicular cancer was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.12-1.68) per additional 20 servings of milk per month (each 200 mL) in adolescence. This elevated overall risk was mainly due to an increased risk for seminoma (RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.30-2.12) per additional 20 milk servings per month. The RR for seminoma was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.15-1.48) for each additional 200 g milk fat per month and was 2.01 (95% CI, 1.41-2.86) for each additional 200 g galactose per month during adolescence. Our results suggest that milk fat and/or galactose may explain the association between milk and dairy product consumption and seminomatous testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry, and Informatics, Medical Faculty, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 27, 06097 Halle, Saale, Germany.
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Abstract
Milk contains components that provide critical nutritive elements, immunological protection, and biologically active substances to both neonates and adults. Milk proteins are currently the main source of a range of biologically active peptides. Concentrates of these peptides are potential health-enhancing nutraceuticals for food and pharmaceutical applications. Several bioactive peptides may be used as nutraceuticals, for example, in the treatment of diarrhea, hypertension, thrombosis, dental diseases, as well as mineral malabsorption, and immunodeficiency. Minor whey proteins, such as lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and immunoglobulins, are considered antimicrobial proteins. Milk also contains some natural bioactive substances. These include oligosaccharides, fucosylated oligosaccharides, hormones, growth factors, mucin, gangliosides, and endogenous peptides, which are present in milk at secretion. Most of the claimed physiological properties of milk bioactive components have been carried out in vitro or in animal model systems, and these hypothesized properties remain to be proven in humans. Whether these milk bioactive components will replace drugs entirely in the immediate future is still unclear, but the increasing appreciation of "drug foods" or nutraceuticals plays a complementary rather than a substitutional role to the synthetic pharmacological drugs.
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Sakaguchi M, Koseki M, Wakamatsu M, Matsumura E. Effects of systemic administration of beta-casomorphin-5 on learning and memory in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 530:81-7. [PMID: 16360145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of systemic administration of bovine beta-casomorphin-5 (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly), a mu-opioid receptor agonist derived from milk beta-casein, on spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze (spatial short-term memory) and step-down-type passive avoidance response (non-spatial long-term memory) were investigated in mice. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of beta-casomorphin-5 (0.1-20 mg/kg) did not have a significant effect on either spontaneous alternation behavior or passive avoidance response. However, a low dose (1 mg/kg, i.p.) of beta-casomorphin-5 improved scopolamine (1 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior and passive avoidance response. Pretreatment with intracerebroventricular injections of beta-funaltrexamine (a mu-opioid receptor antagonist, 0.1 microg/mouse) and naloxonazine (a mu(1)-opioid antagonist, 5 microg/mouse), which did not improve scopolamine-induced impairment, prevented the ameliorating effect of beta-casomorphin-5 on scopolamine-induced impairment of passive avoidance response. These results indicated that systemic administration of a low dose (1 mg/kg, i.p.) of beta-casomorphin-5 improves the disturbance of learning and memory resulting from cholinergic dysfunction through central mediation involving mu(1)-opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan.
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Murray B, Walsh D, FitzGerald R, Meisel H. ACE Inhibitory Peptides. NUTRACEUTICAL PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2005. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420028836.sec3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Miquel E, Alegría A, Barberá R, Farré R. Speciation analysis of calcium, iron, and zinc in casein phosphopeptide fractions from toddler milk-based formula by anion exchange and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography?mass spectrometry/flame atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:1082-8. [PMID: 15678335 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-3002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Revised: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) are phosphorylated casein-derived peptides that can be released by in-vitro or in-vivo enzymatic hydrolysis of alpha(s1)-casein, alpha(s2)-casein, and beta-casein (CN). Many of these peptides contain a highly polar acidic sequence of three phosphoseryl groups followed by two glutamic acid residues. These domains are binding sites for minerals such as calcium, iron, and zinc and play an important role in mineral bioavailability. The aim of this study was speciation analysis of calcium, iron, and zinc in CPP fractions from the soluble fraction of a toddler milk-based formula. Methods for CPP separation by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AE-HPLC) were combined with CPP identification by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and determination of the calcium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus content of the fractions obtained by AE-HPLC. Calcium and phosphorus were detected in all the analyzed AE-HPLC fractions. Calcium and zinc could be bound to CPP derived from alpha(s1)-CN and alpha(s2)-CN in fraction 3. Iron could be bound to CPP in fraction 4 in which beta-CN(15-34)4P was present with the cluster sequence S(P)S(P)S(P)EE. The results obtained prove the different distribution of calcium, iron, and zinc in heterogeneous CPP fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Miquel
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
This review has attempted to study the literature pertaining to peptides derived from milk proteins. Hydrolysis of milk proteins to generate peptides has been practiced for a long time and it was recognized early on in this process that the taste of hydrolyzates might hinder use of these products in food formulations. Modification of protein is necessary to form a more acceptable or utilizable product, to form a product that is less susceptible to deteriorative reactions and to form a product that is of higher nutritionall quality. Modifications may be achieved by a number of chemical and enzymatic means. This review has considered only enzymatic modification of dairy proteins. Modified proteins contain peptides and some of these peptides have been purified and their functionalities have been compared with unmodified proteins. This paper has examined the literature pertaining to improvement in functionality of enzyme-modified proteins. Improvements in solubility, emulsification, foaming and gelation were examined. There is limited information available on the sequence of the peptides necessary to improve the functional characteristics of proteins. Knowing the sequences of desirable functional peptides can lead to genetic alteration of proteins to improve functionality. Addition of synthetic peptides to intact proteins may be another way in which the functionality of proteins can be augmented. Some of the peptides in milk proteins are capable of affecting biological functions of an organism. These effects can be antimicrobial and probiotic, i.e., prevent the growth and proliferation of undesirable and pathogenic organisms, or they may promote the growth of desirable bacteria in the digestive tract of humans and animals. Peptides derived from milk protein have been shown to exert digestive and metabolic effects as well. They may also influence the immune system. These biological effects may play an important role in the development of medical foods that treat or mitigate the effects of diseases. Proteins are allergens and therefore it is possible that products derived from modification of proteins may also be allergens. The known literature about the allergenicity of peptides derived from milk proteins has been examined in this article. Last, but not the least, the taste attributes of peptides is also considered. Bitterness of hydrolyzates is a common occurrence and the origins of these bitter peptides and possible ways of mitigating this sensory defect has been discussed. Many of the peptides that enhance functionality and exert biological activity are likely to be bitter. Therefore, the bitter taste of hydrolysis products has to be dealt with in boosting the functional or nutraceutical aspects of foods containing these peptides. Analytical techniques for sequencing peptides have become more accessible and purification of peptides is commercially feasible. Computer based modeling techniques have aided the prediction of structures in these peptides. These advances, coupled with the advances in biotechnology, promise to revolutionize the future of nutraceutical and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kilara
- Arun Kilara Worldwide, 1020 Lee Road, Suite 200, Northbrook, IL 60062-3818, USA.
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Abstract
Many bioactivities of milk are latent in that they are inactive within the protein sequence, requiring enzymatic proteolysis for release of bioactive peptides from milk proteins precursors. Bioactivities of peptides encrypted in major milk proteins are latent until released and activated, e.g. during gastrointestinal digestion or food processing. Bioactive peptides can be produced in vivo following intake of milk proteins, and the proteolytic system of bacterial species used in the production of fermented milk products and cheese can contribute to the liberation of bioactive peptides or precursors thereof. Activated peptides are potential modulators of various regulatory processes in the living system: immunomodulatory peptides stimulate the activities of cells of the immune system and several cytomodulatory peptides inhibit cancer cell growth, antimicrobial peptides kill sensitive microorganisms, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides exert an hypotensive effect, opioid peptides are opioid receptor ligands which can modulate absorption processes in the intestinal tract, mineral binding peptides may function as carriers for different minerals, especially calcium. Many milk-derived peptides reveal multifunctional properties, i.e. specific peptide sequences having two or more different biological activities have been reported. Milk protein-derived bioactive peptides are claimed to be health enhancing components that can be used to reduce the risk of disease or to enhance a certain physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Meisel
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Food - Location Kiel, Institute for Dairy Chemistry and Technology, PO Box 6069, D-24121 Kiel, Germany.
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Production and characterization of bio-immobilized keratinase in proteolysis and keratinolysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pihlanto A, Korhonen H. Bioactive peptides and proteins. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2003; 47:175-276. [PMID: 14639784 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(03)47004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pihlanto
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Food Research, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
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Chobert JM. Milk protein modification to improve functional and biological properties. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2003; 47:1-71. [PMID: 14639781 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(03)47001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Chobert
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Interactions des Molécules Alimentaires Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Rue de la Géraudière B.P. 71627, 44316 Nantés, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this review is to provide updated data on the structure and function of the main cow's milk proteins (CMPs) identified as allergens and on the characterization of their epitopes. DATA SOURCES The review represents a synthesis of basic literature and most relevant original recent publications on both topics of clinical and epidemiologic aspects of milk allergy and of milk protein's bio- and immunochemistry. STUDY SELECTION The expert opinion of the author was used to select the relevant data for the review. RESULTS Most CMPs are potential allergens, even the proteins present at very low concentration. There are both conformational and linear epitopes, widely spread all along the protein molecules. They may be short fragments, located in hydrophobic parts of the molecule which comprise highly conserved sequences responsible for immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity with corresponding milk proteins of other mammals, including human beings. Those sequential epitopes have also been proposed as good markers of persistent allergy to CMPs. CONCLUSIONS No specific structure nor function is associated with allergenicity of CMPs. Variability and heterogeneity of the human immunoglobulin E response preclude anticipating the allergenic potential of any CMP or fragment thereof, as well as justify the need for being careful before using peptides for desensitization or proposing any milk protein hydrolysate in a diet for highly allergenic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Wal
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, INRA-CEA, CEA de Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Erba D, Ciappellano S, Testolin G. Effect of the ratio of casein phosphopeptides to calcium (w/w) on passive calcium transport in the distal small intestine of rats. Nutrition 2002; 18:743-6. [PMID: 12297210 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the influence of different ratios between casein phosphopeptides and calcium (CPP/Ca) in intestinal lumen on passive Ca transport across the distal small intestine of rats in vitro. METHODS We measured the amounts of passive Ca absorbed across the everted distal small intestine of rats with the use of radioactive 45Ca as tracer. Four CPP/Ca ratios (5, 10, 15, and 20 w/w) and three mineral concentrations (4, 8, and 12 mmol/L) were tested on groups of six rats. RESULTS We found a significant effect of the CPP/Ca ratio on mineral absorption (P < 0.001). The amounts of Ca absorbed increased from a ratio of 5 to a ratio of 15 and decreased with a ratio of 20, with a similar trend for every concentration tested. The more evident effect was found with the concentration of 12 mmol/L of Ca (P < 0.001 to 0.05). CONCLUSION The positive effect of CPPs on passive Ca absorption seems to depend on the relative amounts of both species in intestinal lumen. In this study, the ratio 15 was identified as the most efficient at increasing mineral transport. This evidence might be considered before suggesting CPP as a Ca dietary integrator, although more studies in vitro and in vivo are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Erba
- Department of Food Science and Microbiology, University of Milan, Italy.
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