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Food chain, parasites and climate changes in the high Arctic: a case study on trophically transmitted parasites of common eider Somateria mollissima at Franz Josef Land. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Galaktionov KV, Solovyeva AI, Miroliubov A. Elucidation of Himasthla leptosoma (Creplin, 1829) Dietz, 1909 (Digenea, Himasthlidae) life cycle with insights into species composition of the north Atlantic Himasthla associated with periwinkles Littorina spp. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1649-1668. [PMID: 33712931 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trematodes of the genus Himasthla are usual parasites of coastal birds in nearshore ecosystems of northern European seas and the Atlantic coast of North America. Their first intermediate hosts are marine and brackish-water gastropods, while second intermediate hosts are various invertebrates. We analysed sequences of partial 28S rRNA and nad1 genes and the morphology of intramolluscan stages, particularly cercariae of Himasthla spp. parasitizing intertidal molluscs Littorina spp. in the White Sea, the Barents Sea and coasts of North Norway and Iceland. We showed that only three Himasthla spp. are associated with periwinkles in these regions. Intramolluscan stages of H. elongata were found in Littorina littorea, of H. littorinae, in both L. saxatilis and L. obtusata, and of Cercaria littorinae obtusatae, predominantly, in L. obtusata. Other Himasthla spp. previously reported from Littorina spp. in North Atlantic are either synonymous with one of these species or described erroneously. Based on a comparison of newly generated 28S rDNA sequences with GenBank data, rediae and cercariae of C. littorinae obtusatae were identified as belonging to H. leptosoma. Some previously unknown morphological features of young and mature rediae and cercariae of the three Himasthla spp. are described. We provide a key to the rediae and highlight characters important for identification of cercariae. Genetic diversity within the studied species was only partially determined by their specificity to the molluscan host. The nad1 network constructed for H. leptosoma lacked geographical structure, which is explained by a high gene flow owing to highly vagile definitive hosts, shorebirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Galaktionov
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Anna I Solovyeva
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Laboratory of Non-Coding DNA, Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Alexei Miroliubov
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Xu G, Zhu P, Zhu W, Ma B, Li X, Li W. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Notocotylus sp. (Trematoda, Notocotylidae) and its phylogenetic implications. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1291-1301. [PMID: 33559042 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The parasite genus Notocotylus comprises at least 50 species colonizing mainly aquatic birds and to a lesser extent some mammals, particularly rodents. Here trematode specimens isolated from a wild black swan were characterized and identified to belong to the genus Notocotylus via morphological and molecular analyses. Phylogenetic position of the isolate among other trematodes was determined based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2. The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the isolate was amplified, sequenced, assembled, analyzed, and annotated. The isolate has an AT-rich mt genome (14,317 bp in length) that comprises 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The Notocotylus isolate identified in this study has relatively high mt genome sequence identity and identical gene content and arrangement to a known Notocotylidae species, Ogmocotyle sikae. The isolate formed a genetic clade with O. sikae in phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated PCG amino acid sequences. Compared to the ITS, the trematode mt genome appears more informative for resolving high-level phylogenies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the complete mt genome for the genus Notocotylus, and it offers a novel genomic resource that has important implications for trematode phylogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weining Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Gonchar A, Galaktionov KV. It is marine: distinguishing a new species of Catatropis (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from its freshwater twin. Parasitology 2021; 148:74-83. [PMID: 32958097 PMCID: PMC11010198 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of sexual adults is the cornerstone of digenean systematics. In addition, life cycle data have always been significant. The integration of these approaches, supplemented with molecular data, has allowed us to detect a new species that many researchers may have previously seen, but not recognized. Sexual adults from common eiders that we found in northern European seas were extremely similar to other notocotylids, but the discovery of their intermediate host, a marine snail, revealed the true nature of this material. Here we describe sexual adults, rediae and cercariae of Catatropis onobae sp. nov. We discuss how 'Catatropis verrucosa' should be regarded, justify designation of the new species C. onobae for our material and explain why it can be considered a cryptic species. The phylogenetic position of C. onobae within Notocotylidae, along with other evidence, highlights the challenges for the taxonomy of the family, for which two major genera appear to be polyphyletic and life cycle data likely undervalued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gonchar
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7–9, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya emb., 1, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Galaktionov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7–9, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya emb., 1, Saint Petersburg199034, Russia
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Notocotylus chionis (Trematoda: Notocotylidae) and Notocotylus sp. from shorebirds in southern Patagonian wetlands of Argentina: morphological and molecular studies. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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