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Carver RB, Fredheim NAG, Mowinckel AM, Ebmeier KP, Friedman BB, Rosness TA, Drevon CA, Suri S, Baaré WFC, Zsoldos E, Solé-Padullés C, Bartrés-Faz D, Ghisletta P, Nawijn L, Düzel S, Madsen KS, Fjell AM, Lindenberger U, Walhovd KB, Budin-Ljøsne I. People's interest in brain health testing: Findings from an international, online cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:998302. [PMID: 36339192 PMCID: PMC9631023 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.998302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain health entails mental wellbeing and cognitive health in the absence of brain disorders. The past decade has seen an explosion of tests, cognitive and biological, to predict various brain conditions, such as Alzheimer's Disease. In line with these current developments, we investigated people's willingness and reasons to-or not to-take a hypothetical brain health test to learn about risk of developing a brain disease, in a cross-sectional multilanguage online survey. The survey was part of the Global Brain Health Survey, open to the public from 4th June 2019 to 31st August 2020. Respondents were largely recruited via European brain councils and research organizations. 27,590 people responded aged 18 years or older and were predominantly women (71%), middle-aged or older (>40 years; 83%), and highly educated (69%). Responses were analyzed to explore the relationship between demographic variables and responses. Results We found high public interest in brain health testing: over 91% would definitely or probably take a brain health test and 86% would do so even if it gave information about a disease that cannot be treated or prevented. The main reason for taking a test was the ability to respond if one was found to be at risk of brain disease, such as changing lifestyle, seeking counseling or starting treatment. Higher interest in brain health testing was found in men, respondents with lower education levels and those with poor self-reported cognitive health. Conclusion High public interest in brain health and brain health testing in certain segments of society, coupled with an increase of commercial tests entering the market, is likely to put pressure on public health systems to inform the public about brain health testing in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Carver
- Department of Communication, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Rebecca B. Carver
| | | | - Athanasia Monika Mowinckel
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Bodorkos Friedman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Atle Rosness
- Reviews and Health Technology Assessments Cluster, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A. Drevon
- Department Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Vitas AS, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William F. C. Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eniko Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences & Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences & Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders M. Fjell
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Department of Psychology, Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Friedman BB, Suri S, Solé-Padullés C, Düzel S, Drevon CA, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Fjell AM, Johansen-Berg H, Madsen KS, Nyberg L, Penninx BWJH, Sexton C, Walhovd KB, Zsoldos E, Budin-Ljøsne I. Are People Ready for Personalized Brain Health? Perspectives of Research Participants in the Lifebrain Consortium. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 60:1050-1059. [PMID: 31682729 PMCID: PMC7427479 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives A healthy brain is central to physical and mental well-being. In this multi-site, qualitative study, we investigated views and attitudes of adult participants in brain research studies on the brain and personalized brain health as well as interest in maintaining a healthy brain. Design and Methods We conducted individual interviews with 44 adult participants in brain research cohorts of the Lifebrain consortium in Spain, Norway, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded using a cross-country codebook. The interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Most participants did not focus on their own brain health and expressed uncertainty regarding how to maintain it. Those actively focusing on brain health often picked one specific strategy like diet or memory training. The participants were interested in taking brain health tests to learn about their individual risk of developing brain diseases, and were willing to take measures to maintain their brain health if personalized follow-up was provided and the measures had proven impact. The participants were interested in more information on brain health. No differences in responses were identified between age groups, sex, or countries. Discussion and Implications Concise, practical, personalized, and evidence-based information about the brain may promote brain health. Based on our findings, we have launched an ongoing global brain health survey to acquire more extensive, quantitative, and representative data on public perception of personalized brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bodorkos Friedman
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Department of Medicine, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre,Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kathrine S Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå Universitet, Sweden
| | | | - Claire Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK.,Global Brain Health Institute, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Isabelle Budin-Ljøsne
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Hammersland MH, Aarsand AK, Sandberg S, Andersen J. Self-efficacy and self-management strategies in acute intermittent porphyria. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:444. [PMID: 31269991 PMCID: PMC6607542 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an inherited metabolic disease with low clinical penetrance caused by mutations in the hydroxymethylbilane (HMBS) gene. Although most patients experience little or no symptoms, serious attacks may include excruciating pain, severe electrolyte disturbances, paresis, and respiratory failure. Several drugs and lifestyle factors are potential attack inducers and avoiding known triggers is important to avoid symptomatic disease in both patients and genetically predisposed carriers. Our aim in this study was to describe self-efficacy and self-management strategies in self-reported symptomatic and asymptomatic HMBS mutation carriers, and to elucidate motives for predictive genetic testing. Methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective survey with postal questionnaires. We received responses from 140 HMBS carriers for the general self-efficacy scale (GSES), study-specific questions about symptoms, self-management strategies and motives for genetic testing and satisfaction with the genetic counseling scale (SCS). Results The results indicated high levels of self-efficacy in these Norwegian HMBS mutation carriers. Both self-reported symptomatic and asymptomatic cases recorded changes in behavior after diagnosis, such as avoiding possible triggering drugs and aspiring recommended eating habits. They were in general satisfied with the genetic counseling they had received. The possibility to prevent disease and learn about the risk of their children was their most important motives to undergo genetic testing. Conclusions This study indicates that continuing to provide information, counseling and education is beneficial in AIP, and that HMBS mutation carriers, both those self-assessed as asymptomatic and as symptomatic, are using their knowledge to avoid triggering factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-4285-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Peterson EB, Chou WYS, Gaysynsky A, Krakow M, Elrick A, Khoury MJ, Kaphingst KA. Communication of cancer-related genetic and genomic information: A landscape analysis of reviews. Transl Behav Med 2018; 8:59-70. [PMID: 29385592 PMCID: PMC6065548 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related genetic and genomic testing (CGT) is changing cancer care by personalizing care options, leading to an era of precision medicine. Advances in and increased use of CGT add complexity to clinical communication. This landscape analysis assessed published reviews of communication issues related to CGT and discusses implications for practice and behavioral research. A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted of peer-reviewed literature reviews on studies related to CGT communication published between January 2010 and January 2017, resulting in a final sample of 24 reviews. Reviews were categorized, with overlaps, into four domains across the genetic testing communication continuum. Reviews on CGT-related knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (n = 8) found that despite substantial public interest, their knowledge and awareness remains low. Providers also reported insufficient knowledge and overall caution, particularly regarding direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing. Reviews of decision-making about CGT and test uptake (n = 8) identified individual, interpersonal, and systems-level barriers to uptake. Reviews of patient-provider CGT communication (n = 8) revealed limited communication and little empirical research on outcomes of communication or efforts at improving clinical and family communication. There were mixed findings in reviews (n = 15) on the psychological and behavioral impact of CGT, and DTC testing particularly had little effect on behaviors. Taken together, there is very little extant research in CGT in minority and underserved communities. In order for scientific advances in CGT to translate into equitable, patient-centered care, behavioral research, including health literacy and communication, plays critical roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Peterson
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wen-ying Sylvia Chou
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anna Gaysynsky
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Melinda Krakow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Elrick
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Muin J Khoury
- Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hoang N, Hayeems R, Davies J, Pu S, Wasim S, Velsher L, Aw J, Chénier S, Stavropoulos DJ, Babul-Hirji R, Weksberg R, Shuman C. Does personal genome testing drive service utilization in an adult preventive medicine clinic? J Community Genet 2017; 8:151-158. [PMID: 28374280 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-017-0297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Personal genome testing (PGT) that assesses risk for common diseases may influence the use of preventive health services, but outcome data are limited. We aimed to assess health service utilization following PGT. We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study at an adult health clinic. Medical records of clients who pursued PGT at their comprehensive health assessment (CHA) over a 1-year period (N = 388) were reviewed and compared to age- and sex-matched clients who underwent CHA but not PGT (N = 388). We measured condition-specific health services used post CHA up to two subsequent visits while accounting for confounding factors (e.g., family history, health status, and age). A relatively equal number of post CHA services were used by clients who pursued PGT and those who did not pursue PGT (52% and 48%, respectively). Overall and across the majority of conditions examined, clients' service utilization was significantly associated with health status, e.g., clients identified as "at risk" on CHA for heart attack used 2.86 times more services than clients not at risk. Pursuing PGT was not significantly associated with increased use of services post CHA overall or for most of the conditions examined. Our data demonstrate that health status rather than pursuing PGT is the strongest driver of service utilization in this population. Overall, pursuit of PGT and PGT results does not appear to significantly drive the utilization of downstream health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ny Hoang
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Robin Hayeems
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Shuye Pu
- Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Syed Wasim
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - James Aw
- Genetics, Medcan Clinic, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sébastien Chénier
- Département de pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Riyana Babul-Hirji
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheryl Shuman
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
It is postulated that knowledge of genotype may be more powerful than other types of personalised information in terms of motivating behaviour change. However, there is also a danger that disclosure of genetic risk may promote a fatalistic attitude and demotivate individuals. The original concept of personalised nutrition (PN) focused on genotype-based tailored dietary advice; however, PN can also be delivered based on assessment of dietary intake and phenotypic measures. Whilst dietitians currently provide PN advice based on diet and phenotype, genotype-based PN advice is not so readily available. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence for genotype-based personalised information on motivating behaviour change, and factors which may affect the impact of genotype-based personalised advice. Recent findings in PN will also be discussed, with respect to a large European study, Food4Me, which investigated the impact of varying levels of PN advice on motivating behaviour change. The researchers reported that PN advice resulted in greater dietary changes compared with general healthy eating advice, but no additional benefit was observed for PN advice based on phenotype and genotype information. Within Food4Me, work from our group revealed that knowledge of MTHFR genotype did not significantly improve intakes of dietary folate. In general, evidence is weak with regard to genotype-based PN advice. For future work, studies should test the impact of PN advice developed on a strong nutrigenetic evidence base, ensure an appropriate study design for the research question asked, and incorporate behaviour change techniques into the intervention.
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7
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Li SX, Ye Z, Whelan K, Truby H. The effect of communicating the genetic risk of cardiometabolic disorders on motivation and actual engagement in preventative lifestyle modification and clinical outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:924-34. [PMID: 27405704 PMCID: PMC4983776 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genetic risk prediction of chronic conditions including obesity, diabetes and CVD currently has limited predictive power but its potential to engage healthy behaviour change has been of immense research interest. We aimed to understand whether the latter is indeed true by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating whether genetic risk communication affects motivation and actual behaviour change towards preventative lifestyle modification. We included all randomised controlled trials (RCT) since 2003 investigating the impact of genetic risk communication on health behaviour to prevent cardiometabolic disease, without restrictions on age, duration of intervention or language. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses for perceived motivation for behaviour change and clinical changes (weight loss) and a narrative analysis for other outcomes. Within the thirteen studies reviewed, five were vignette studies (hypothetical RCT) and seven were clinical RCT. There was no consistent effect of genetic risk on actual motivation for weight loss, perceived motivation for dietary change (control v. genetic risk group standardised mean difference (smd) -0·15; 95 % CI -1·03, 0·73, P=0·74) or actual change in dietary behaviour. Similar results were observed for actual weight loss (control v. high genetic risk SMD 0·29 kg; 95 % CI -0·74, 1·31, P=0·58). This review found no clear or consistent evidence that genetic risk communication alone either raises motivation or translates into actual change in dietary intake or physical activity to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disorders in adults. Of thirteen studies, eight were at high or unclear risk of bias. Additional larger-scale, high-quality clinical RCT are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherly X. Li
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,
UK
| | - Zheng Ye
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,
UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King’s
College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Helen Truby
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Monash
University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully
Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168,
Australia
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8
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Precision Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease and Hunting Elephants. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 58:651-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Cheera EK, Klarich DS, Hong MY. Psychological and behavioral effects of genetic risk testing for obesity: a systematic review. Per Med 2016; 13:265-277. [PMID: 29767609 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2015-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest is growing in the use of genetic risk testing for lifestyle-related chronic diseases, including obesity, to promote health behavior change. OBJECTIVE A systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine the effects that genetic risk feedback for obesity may have on psychological and behavioral factors influencing weight. METHODS The MEDLINE/PubMed online database was searched using predefined search terms. RESULTS The studies revealed that risk feedback may increase motivation to improve health behaviors, especially among individuals at higher genetic risk. Overweight and obese individuals seemed to experience additional psychological benefits when provided an external explanation for their weight status. CONCLUSION While the psychological benefits are promising, the clinical utility of genetic risk testing for obesity remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Cheera
- School of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - DawnKylee S Klarich
- School of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Seifan A, Isaacson R. The Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic at Weill Cornell Medical College / New York - Presbyterian Hospital: Risk Stratification and Personalized Early Intervention. JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 2015; 2:254-266. [PMID: 28529933 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2015.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In July 2013, Weill Cornell Medical College founded the first Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic (APC) in the United States, providing direct clinical care to family members of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as part of the Weill Cornell Memory Disorders Program. At the APC, patients seeking to lower their AD risk undergo a comprehensive assessment, receive a personalized plan based on rapidly evolving scientific evidence, and are followed over time using validated as well as emerging clinical and research technologies. The APC approach applies the principles of pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics and clinical precision medicine, to tailor individualized therapies for patients. Longitudinal measures currently assessed in the clinic include anthropometrics, cognition, blood biomarkers (i.e., lipid, inflammatory, metabolic, nutritional) and genetics, as well as validated, self-reported measures that enable patients to track several aspects of health-related quality of life. Patients are educated on the fundamental concepts of AD prevention via an interactive online course hosted on Alzheimer's Universe (www.AlzU.org), which also contains several activities including validated computer-based cognitive testing. The primary goal of the APC is to employ preventative measures that lower modifiable AD risk, possibly leading to a delay in onset of future symptoms. Our secondary goal is to establish a cohort of at-risk individuals who will be primed to participate in future AD prevention trials as disease-modifying agents emerge for testing at earlier stages of the AD process. The clinical services are intended to lower concern for future disease by giving patients a greater sense of control over their brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Seifan
- Department of Neurology, Division of Memory Disorders, Weill Cornell Medical College / New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Division of Memory Disorders, Weill Cornell Medical College / New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Hurlimann T, Menuz V, Graham J, Robitaille J, Vohl MC, Godard B. Risks of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics? What the scientists say. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 9:370. [PMID: 24293399 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics (hereafter NGx) have stimulated expectations for beneficial applications in public health and individuals. Yet, the potential achievability of such promise is not without socioethical considerations that challenge NGx implementation. This paper focuses on the opinions of NGx researchers about potential risks raised by NGx. The results of an online survey show that these researchers (n = 126) are fairly confident about the potential benefits of NGx, and that most downplay its potential risks. Researchers in this field do not believe that NGx will reconfigure foods as medication or transform the conception of eating into a health hazard. The majority think that NGx will produce no added burden on individuals to get tested or to remain compliant with NGx recommendations, nor that NGx will threaten individual autonomy in daily food choice. The majority of researchers do not think that NGx will lead to discrimination against and/or stigmatization of people who do not comply with NGx dietary recommendations. Despite this optimism among NGx researchers, we suggest that key risk factors raised by the socioethical context in which NGx applications will be implemented need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hurlimann
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programmes, School of Public Health (ESPUM), University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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