1
|
McFarland C, Alkotaini B, Cowen CP, Edwards MG, Grein E, Hahn AD, Jennings JC, Patnaik R, Potter SM, Rael LT, Sharkey BP, Taylor SL, Totman R, Van Simaeys K, Vo P, Zhao D, Connors DE. Discovery, Expression, and In Silico Safety Evaluation of Honey Truffle Sweetener, a Sweet Protein Derived from Mattirolomyces terfezioides and Produced by Heterologous Expression in Komagataella phaffii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39126644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Honey truffle sweetener (HTS), a 121 amino acid protein is identified as a high-intensity sweetener found naturally occurring in the Hungarian Sweet Truffle Mattirolomyces terfezioides, an edible mushroom used in regional diets. The protein is intensely sweet, but the truffle is difficult to cultivate; therefore, the protein was systematically characterized, and the gene coding for the protein was expressed in a commonly used host yeast Komagataella phaffii. The heterologously expressed protein maintained the structural characteristics and sweet taste of the truffle. Preliminary safety evaluations for use as a food ingredient were performed on the protein including digestibility and in silico approaches for predicting the allergenicity and toxicity of the protein. HTS is predicted to be nonallergenic, nontoxic, and readily digestible. This protein is readily produced by precision fermentation of the host yeast, making it a potential replacement for both added sugars and small molecule high-intensity sweeteners in food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chase McFarland
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Bassam Alkotaini
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Chloe P Cowen
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Michael G Edwards
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
- Bioinfo Solutions, LLC., Parker, Colorado 80138, United States
| | - Elizabeth Grein
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Alan D Hahn
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Justine C Jennings
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Ranjan Patnaik
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Susan M Potter
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Leonard T Rael
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Brendan P Sharkey
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Steve L Taylor
- University of Nebraska, Dept. of Food Science & Technology, 1901 N 21st St., Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-6205, United States
| | - Ryan Totman
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Karli Van Simaeys
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Phillip Vo
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Dan Zhao
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| | - Daniel E Connors
- MycoTechnology, Inc., 18250 E. 40th Ave, Ste. 50., Aurora, Colorado 80011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baroni L, Bonetto C, Rizzo G, Galchenko A, Guidi G, Visaggi P, Savarino E, Zavoli M, de Bortoli N. Nutrient Composition of Four Dietary Patterns in Italy: Results from an Online Survey (the INVITA Study). Foods 2024; 13:2103. [PMID: 38998609 PMCID: PMC11240948 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Though Italy is a native land of Mediterranean diet, its adherence in the Italian population is low, witnessed by the high rates of overweight in its inhabitants. Vegetarian dietary patterns (i.e., lacto-ovo-vegetarian and vegan) are increasing in western countries, and also in Italy, where 9.5% of the population self-declared as vegetarian in 2023. Though the vegetarian diet has been associated with beneficial health effects, speculation on its alleged nutrient inadequacy exists. For this reason, we assessed the nutrient composition of the diet of 470 participants enrolled in an online survey (the INVITA study), who completed a weighted food questionnaire on three different days. Participants were divided into four dietary groups obtained according to their self-declared dietary intakes: 116 Meat Eaters (MEs), 49 Fish Eaters (FEs), 116 Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarians (LOVs), and 189 VegaNs (VNs). The mean intake of most of the main nutrients was similar among all groups and within the normal range expected for the Italian population, supporting the adequacy of diets within our Italian sample, especially the LOV and VN diet. Since the Mediterranean diet is a plant-based diet, some of its components still persist in the current Italian diet, representing a staple also for people adopting a vegetarian diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition-SSNV, 30171 Venice, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alexey Galchenko
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition-SSNV, 30171 Venice, Italy
- Earth Philosophical Society "Melodia Vitae", International, Toronto, CA, Canada
| | - Giada Guidi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Visaggi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, 35124 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Zavoli
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition-SSNV, 30171 Venice, Italy
| | - Nicola de Bortoli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NUTRAFOOD, Interdepartmental Center for Nutraceutical Research and Nutrition for Health, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Skonta A, Bellou MG, Matikas TE, Stamatis H. Colorimetric Glucose Biosensor Based on Chitosan Films and Its Application for Glucose Detection in Beverages Using a Smartphone Application. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:299. [PMID: 38920603 PMCID: PMC11201573 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, biosensors are gaining increasing interest in foods' and beverages' quality control, owing to their economic production, enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and faster analysis. In particular, colorimetric biosensors can be combined with color recognition applications on smartphones for the detection of analytes, rendering the whole procedure more applicable in everyday life. Herein, chitosan (CS) films were prepared with the deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline chloride/urea/glycerol (ChCl:U:Gly). Glucose oxidase (GOx), a widely utilized enzyme in quality control, was immobilized within CS films through glutaraldehyde (GA), leading to the formation of CS/GOx films. The optimized GOx concentration and DES content were determined for the films. Moreover, the effect of the pH and temperature of the glucose oxidation reaction on the enzymatic activity of GOx was studied. The structure, stability, and specificity of the CS/GOx films as well as the Km values of free and immobilized GOx were also determined. Finally, the analytical performance of the films was studied by using both a spectrophotometer and a color recognition application on a smartphone. The results demonstrated that the films were highly accurate, specific to glucose, and stable when stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks and when reused 10 times, without evident activity loss. Furthermore, the films displayed a good linear response range (0.1-0.8 mM) and a good limit of detection (LOD, 33 μM), thus being appropriate for the estimation of glucose concentration in real samples through a smartphone application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Skonta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.S.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Myrto G. Bellou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.S.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Theodore E. Matikas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.S.); (M.G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cho VY, Anthonappa RP. Visual attention to food cues and dental caries-Are they associated? Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38494469 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of diet has a key role in dental caries. Attention to food cues can be an indicator for food choices. AIM This study investigates children's visual attention to images with healthy and unhealthy food cues and correlates it with that of their parents and with their dental caries status using eye-tracking technology. DESIGN A total of 30 children with and without dental caries and their 30 parents were calibrated to the eye-tracking device (Tobii Nano Pro) to ensure standardisation. Participants viewed matching images of healthy and unhealthy food cues, whereas an eye-tracking device tracked their eye movements. Children had a dental examination and were classified as children with dental caries (n = 15) and their parents (n = 15), and children without dental caries (n = 15) and their parents (n = 15). RESULTS In children with dental caries, visual attention duration was longer to healthy foods than to unhealthy foods. Likewise, parents of children with dental caries spent longer time looking at healthy foods than unhealthy foods. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings indicate a significant association between children's visual attention to healthy and unhealthy food cues and their dental caries status. This underscores the need for further investigation into the correlation between children's and their parents' visual attention to food, particularly in the context of children with dental caries. Such exploration holds promise for informing targeted interventions in food choice education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Y Cho
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert P Anthonappa
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alhareky M, Goodson JM, Tavares M, Hartman ML. Beverage consumption and obesity in Kuwaiti school children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1174299. [PMID: 38529102 PMCID: PMC10961371 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1174299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweetened beverage consumption is particularly important in countries such as Kuwait, where the prevalence of obesity is high, and most children drink sweetened beverages daily. To assess the relationship between three most commonly consumed beverages, (soda, milk, and juice) and the incidence of obesity among Kuwaiti children at the critical age of 10-12 year, Longitudinal cohort data of 6,305 children on initial presentation in 2012 (age, 10 years) and follow-up in 2014 (age, 12 years) were obtained from the Kuwait Healthy Life Study. The servings for the three beverages (soda, juice, and milk) were calculated as servings per day groups (0, 1-2, and 3 servings/day or more). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between developing obesity during 2012-2014 and soda, juice, and milk consumption. Model selection was based on clinically relevant covariates and potential confounders using stepwise model selection. Six percent children become obese between baseline and follow-up visits. High soda drinking showed significant association with developing obesity. High milk consumption (more than 3 servings a day) was also significantly associated with developing obesity. Potential confounders included in the final model were age, sex, governorates, and fitness level, of which none were significant confounders or effect modifiers for the association. Children with high soda consumption had significantly higher prevalence of obesity. High obesity prevalence was observed with high milk consumption at a lower significance level but not with high juice consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Alhareky
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jo Max Goodson
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mary Tavares
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mor-Li Hartman
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skaffari E, Vepsäläinen H, Nissinen K, Lehto E, Lehto R, Roos E, Erkkola M, Korkalo L. Food consumption and nutrient intake of Finnish preschool children according to parental educational level. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:113-122. [PMID: 37424281 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between parental educational level (PEL) and children's food consumption and nutrient intake in a sample of Finnish 3- to 6-year-old preschoolers (n 811). The data were obtained from the cross-sectional DAGIS project, conducted in eight municipalities in Finland during 2015-2016. The food consumption and nutrient intake were assessed using food records. The highest educational level of the family was used as the indicator of socio-economic status. Differences in diet by PEL were analysed using a hierarchical linear model adjusted for energy intake. Compared with high PEL, low PEL was associated with a child's lower consumption of fresh vegetables and salads, vegetarian dishes, berries, white bread, blended spread, skimmed milk and ice cream but higher consumption of milk with 1-1·5 % fat content, dairy-based desserts and sugar-sweetened soft drinks. Food consumption was also examined after disaggregating dishes into their ingredients. Low PEL was associated with lower consumption of vegetables, nuts and seeds, berries and fish but higher consumption of red meat. Children in the low PEL, compared with the high PEL group, had a lower intake of protein, fibre, EPA, DHA, vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, potassium, phosphorous, Ca, Mg, Zn and iodine but a higher intake of fat and saturated, trans and MUFA. The observed diet-related disparities highlight the need for policy actions and interventions supporting healthy eating patterns such as high consumption of vegetables, nuts and berries in childhood, paying special attention to those with low PEL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essi Skaffari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija Nissinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Elviira Lehto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Korkalo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wan Y, Tobias DK, Dennis KK, Guasch-Ferré M, Sun Q, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Ludwig DS, Devinsky O, Willett WC. Association between changes in carbohydrate intake and long term weight changes: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2023; 382:e073939. [PMID: 37758268 PMCID: PMC10523278 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-073939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comprehensively examine the associations between changes in carbohydrate intake and weight change at four year intervals. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Nurses' Health Study (1986-2010), Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2015), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014). PARTICIPANTS 136 432 men and women aged 65 years or younger and free of diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, neurodegenerative disorders, gastric conditions, chronic kidney disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus before baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Weight change within a four year period. RESULTS The final analyses included 46 722 women in the Nurses' Health Study, 67 186 women in the Nurses' Health Study II, and 22 524 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. On average, participants gained 1.5 kg (5th to 95th centile -6.8 to 10.0) every four years, amounting to 8.8 kg on average over 24 years. Among men and women, increases in glycemic index and glycemic load were positively associated with weight gain. For example, a 100 g/day increase in starch or added sugar was associated with 1.5 kg and 0.9 kg greater weight gain over four years, respectively, whereas a 10 g/day increase in fiber was associated with 0.8 kg less weight gain. Increased carbohydrate intake from whole grains (0.4 kg less weight gain per 100 g/day increase), fruit (1.6 kg less weight gain per 100 g/day increase), and non-starchy vegetables (3.0 kg less weight gain per 100 g/day increase) was inversely associated with weight gain, whereas increased intake from refined grains (0.8 kg more weight gain per 100 g/day increase) and starchy vegetables (peas, corn, and potatoes) (2.6 kg more weight gain per 100 g/day increase) was positively associated with weight gain. In substitution analyses, replacing refined grains, starchy vegetables, and sugar sweetened beverages with equal servings of whole grains, fruit, and non-starchy vegetables was associated with less weight gain. The magnitude of these associations was stronger among participants with overweight or obesity compared with those with normal weight (P<0.001 for interaction). Most of these associations were also stronger among women. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study highlight the potential importance of carbohydrate quality and source for long term weight management, especially for people with excessive body weight. Limiting added sugar, sugar sweetened beverages, refined grains, and starchy vegetables in favor of whole grains, fruit, and non-starchy vegetables may support efforts to control weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristine K Dennis
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Ludwig
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bekele TH, Trijsburg L, Brouwer ID, de Vries JH, Covic N, Kennedy G, Alemayehu D, Feskens EJ. Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:895-913. [PMID: 37182739 PMCID: PMC10334157 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) need to be evidence-based. As part of the development of Ethiopian FBDG, we conducted an umbrella review to develop dietary recommendations. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), deficiencies of vitamin A, zinc, calcium, or folate, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected as a priority. Systematic reviews were eligible if they investigated the impact of foods, food groups, diet, or dietary patterns on priority diseases. After a search, 1513 articles were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar published from January 2014 to December 2021. The results showed that 19 out of 164 systematic reviews reported the impact of diet on PEM or micronutrient deficiencies. Daily 30-90 g whole-grain consumption reduces risk of CVD and T2DM. Pulses improve protein status, and consuming 50-150 g/d is associated with a reduced incidence of CVD and T2DM. Nuts are a good source of minerals, and consuming 15-35 g/d improves antioxidant status and is inversely associated with CVD risk. A daily intake of 200-300 mL of milk and dairy foods is a good source of calcium and contributes to bone mineral density. Limiting processed meat intake to <50 g/d reduces CVD risk. Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins A and C. CVD and T2DM risks are reduced by consuming 200-300 g of vegetables plus fruits daily. Daily sugar consumption should be below 10% of total energy to lower risk of obesity, CVD, and T2DM. Plant-based fat has favorable nutrient profiles and modest saturated fat content. The association of saturated fatty acids with CVD and T2DM is inconclusive, but intake should be limited because of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising effect. Plant-based diets lower risk of CVD and T2DM but reduce micronutrient bioavailability. The review concludes with 9 key dietary recommendations proposed to be implemented in the Ethiopian FBDG. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019125490).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hailu Bekele
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Trijsburg
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Hm de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Namukolo Covic
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gina Kennedy
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dawit Alemayehu
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edith Jm Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khosravi A, Bassetti E, Yuen-Esco K, Sy NY, Kane R, Sweet L, Zehner E, Pries AM. Nutrient Profiles of Commercially Produced Complementary Foods Available in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102279. [PMID: 37242162 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional quality of commercially produced complementary food (CPCF) varies widely, with CPCF in high-income settings often containing excessive levels of sugar and sodium. Little is known about the nutritional quality of CPCF available in the West Africa region, despite their potential to improve the nutrition of infants and young children (IYC). This study evaluated the nutritional quality of CPCF available in five West African countries using the WHO Europe nutrient profiling model (NPM) and assessed their suitability for IYC based on label information. The proportion that would necessitate a "high sugar" warning was also determined, and the micronutrient (iron, calcium, and zinc) content was assessed against IYC-recommended nutrient intakes. Of the 666 products assessed, only 15.9% were classified as nutritionally suitable for promotion for IYC. The presence of added sugar and excessive sodium levels were the most common reasons for a product to fail the nutrient profiling assessment. Dry/instant cereals contributed the highest percentage of recommended nutrient intake (RNI) per serving. This highlights the need for policies to improve the nutritional quality of CPCF in West Africa, including labeling standards and the use of front-of-pack warning signs to promote product reformulation and clearly communicate nutritional quality to caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lara Sweet
- JB Consultancy, Johannesburg 2198, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tiered dietary exposure assessment of steviol glycosides in the Belgian population. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e28. [PMID: 36843978 PMCID: PMC9947756 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the dietary intake of steviol glycosides in the Belgian population and to conduct a risk assessment by comparing the estimated intakes to the acceptable daily intake (ADI). A tiered approach was adopted in this study. First, a Tier 2 assessment was performed using maximum permitted levels. Next, the calculations were refined because market share data were used (refined Tier 2). Finally, the actual concentration data of 198 samples purchased from the Belgian market were used for Tier 3 exposure assessment. Based on a Tier 2 assessment, the ADI was exceeded for the high-consumer children population. However, the results of a more refined exposure assessment (Tier 3) of high consumers (P95) within the child, adolescent and adult populations were 13·75, 10 and 6·25 % of the ADI, respectively, using mean analytical results. Even with more conservative refined approaches, the estimated daily intake remained below 20 % of ADI. Flavoured drinks, flavoured fermented milk products and jams, jellies, and marmalades were the top three contributing food groups to steviol intake at 26–49 %, 12–27 % and 5–13 %, respectively. Despite the high concentrations (up to 94 000 mg/kg) of steviol glycosides in tabletop sweeteners, their contribution to the total intake remains low. The impact of the use of food supplements on the total intake was also considered to be limited. It was concluded that there was no risk for the Belgian population related to dietary exposure to steviol glycoside.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lynch B, Wang T, Vo T, Tafazoli S, Ryder J. Safety evaluation of oubli fruit sweet protein (brazzein) derived from Komagataella phaffii, intended for use as a sweetener in food and beverages. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/23978473231151258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally sweet proteins have no glycemic effect and offer a fundamentally new approach to sweetness and health for individuals seeking to reduce their added sugar intake. However, unlike many commercial sweeteners, little research has been performed on the potential safety implications of adding these uniquely sweet proteins to food and beverages. In this study, a naturally sweet protein found in the West African Oubli plant ( Pentadiplandra brazzeana), referred to as Oubli fruit sweet protein or brazzein, was expressed in Komagataella phaffii (formerly Pichia pastoris) and produced via precision fermentation, and a safety and risk assessment was undertaken for its use as a sweetener in food and beverages. Potential consumption levels of brazzein were estimated to be 3 mg/kg body weight/day based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The safety of brazzein derived from K. phaffii was evaluated through in silico allergenicity, in vitro genotoxicity (reverse mutation and mammalian micronucleus assays), and a 90-day dietary oral toxicity study in rats. There was no indication of allergenicity in the in silico analyses. Brazzein was non-genotoxic in the in vitro assays and showed no adverse effects in the 90-day oral toxicity study up to the highest dose tested, where the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 978 and 985 mg/kg body weight/day in males and females, respectively. The totality of evidence in the in silico allergenicity, in vitro genotoxicity, and 90-day dietary toxicity studies demonstrates that brazzein derived from K. phaffii is considered safe for use as a sweetener in food and beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trung Vo
- Intertek, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jason Ryder
- Oobli Inc, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arnone D, Chabot C, Heba AC, Kökten T, Caron B, Hansmannel F, Dreumont N, Ananthakrishnan AN, Quilliot D, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Sugars and Gastrointestinal Health. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:1912-1924.e7. [PMID: 34902573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sugar overconsumption is linked to a rise in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This increased incidence is becoming a real public health problem that is more severe than infectious diseases, contributing to 35 million deaths annually. Excessive intake of free sugars can cause many of the same health problems as excessive alcohol consumption. Many recent international recommendations have expressed concerns about sugar consumption in Westernized societies, as current consumption levels represent quantities with no precedent during hominin evolution. In both adults and children, the World Health Organization strongly recommends reducing free sugar intake to <10% of total energy intake and suggests a further reduction to below 5%. Most studies have focused on the deleterious effects of Western dietary patterns on global health and the intestine. Whereas excessive dietary fat consumption is well studied, the specific impact of sugar is poorly described, while refined sugars represent up to 40% of caloric intake within industrialized countries. However, high sugar intake is associated with multiple tissue and organ dysfunctions. Both hyperglycemia and excessive sugar intake disrupt the intestinal barrier, thus increasing gut permeability and causing profound gut microbiota dysbiosis, which results in a disturbance in mucosal immunity that enhances infection susceptibility. This review aims to highlight the roles of different types of dietary carbohydrates and the consequences of their excessive intake for intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djésia Arnone
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France; Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Caroline Chabot
- Inserm U1256, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Child Medicine and Clinical Genetics, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Tunay Kökten
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Natacha Dreumont
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Didier Quilliot
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U1256 "Nutrition - Genetics and exposure to environmental risks," Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kobel S, Wartha O, Dreyhaupt J, Feather KE, Steinacker JM. Intervention effects of a school-based health promotion programme on children’s nutrition behaviour. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The programme “Join the Healthy Boat” promotes amongst other things a healthy diet in primary school children. In order to evaluate the programme’s effectiveness, this study longitudinally investigated children’s nutrition behaviour.
Subject and methods
A total of 1564 children (7.1 ± 0.6 years) participated in a cluster-randomised study. Teachers delivered lessons including behavioural contracting and budgeting. Nutritional behaviours of parents and child were assessed via parental report. Anthropometrics were measured on site.
Results
After one year, children in the intervention group (IG) showed a significant reduction in the consumption of pure juices (p ≤ 0.001). Soft drink consumption reduced in both groups, although with a trend towards a slightly greater reduction in the IG. Children with fathers of normal weight as well as first graders showed a significant reduction of soft drink consumption in the IG (p = 0.025 and p = 0.022 respectively). Fruit and vegetable intake increased significantly for first graders (p = 0.050), children from families with a high parental education level (p = 0.023), and for children with an overweight father (p = 0.034). Significant group differences were found for fruit and vegetable intake of children with migration background (p = 0.01) and children of parents with a high school degree could be observed (p = 0.019).
Conclusion
This shows that the programme appeals to a wider range of children, and is therefore more likely to compensate for differences due to origin or other social inequalities, which also shows that active parental involvement is vital for successful interventions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Santoso P, Maliza R, Octavian R, Rita RS. Dietary fiber of jicama ( Pachyrhizus erosus L) tuber exerts hepatoprotective effect against high-sugar drinks in mice. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus, family Fabaceae) is a potent medicinal plant. Although extensive studies report the health benefits of jicama extract, few studies have investigated the efficacy of its dietary fiber in preventing metabolic diseases, including liver disease. The present study aimed to elucidate whether dietary fiber obtained from the jicama tuber counteracts the development of liver disease induced by high-sugar drinks. Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice (DDY strain; 2 months old with bodyweight 22-25 g) were randomized into three groups: normal drink (ND), fed with tap water and standard chow; high-sucrose drink (HSD), fed with a high-sucrose drink and standard chow; and high-sucrose drink plus standard chow with 25% jicama fiber (HSD + JF 25%). After the mice were on their respective diets for ten weeks, the following parameters were measured: body weight, liver weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), histopathological alterations, blood glucose, and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Results: Mice in the HSD + JF 25% group had significantly lower body weight (P < 0.01), liver weight (P<0.05), MDA (P<0.01), blood glucose (P<0.01), and SGPT (P<0.01) compared to those in the HSD group. They also had fewer histopathological alterations in the liver, as demonstrated by a lower proportion of degenerated cells and an overall lower histopathological score than those in the HSD group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Adding jicama fiber (25% of standard chow) mitigates the increase in blood glucose and body weight and histopathological changes in the liver induced by high-sucrose drinks, showing liver protective activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putra Santoso
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
| | - Rita Maliza
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
| | - Riski Octavian
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia
| | - Rauza Sukma Rita
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang West Sumatra 25163 Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Grosso G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061137. [PMID: 35334794 PMCID: PMC8954840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary evidence from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following the adoption of plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, the Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and positive trends observed for the consumption of legumes, pulses, nuts, and olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products have been shown to have the best benefits on biomarkers of inflammation, while red meat and egg have been shown to have neutral effects. The present review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying the relation between dietary factors and immune system, with a focus on specific macronutrient and non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) and low-grade inflammation. Substantial differences within each macronutrient group may explain the conflicting results obtained regarding foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, underlying the role of specific subtypes of molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain fatty acids or free added sugars) when exploring the relation between diet and inflammation, as well as the importance of the food matrix and the commixture of foods in the context of whole dietary patterns. Dietary polyphenols and oligopeptides have been hypothesized to exert several functions, including the regulation of the inflammatory response and effects on the immune system. Overall, evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the immune system regardless of obesity-related inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3779
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arnone D, Vallier M, Hergalant S, Chabot C, Ndiaye NC, Moulin D, Aignatoaei AM, Alberto JM, Louis H, Boulard O, Mayeur C, Dreumont N, Peuker K, Strigli A, Zeissig S, Hansmannel F, Chamaillard M, Kökten T, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Long-Term Overconsumption of Fat and Sugar Causes a Partially Reversible Pre-inflammatory Bowel Disease State. Front Nutr 2021; 8:758518. [PMID: 34869528 PMCID: PMC8637418 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.758518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition appears to be an important environmental factor involved in the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) through yet poorly understood biological mechanisms. Most studies focused on fat content in high caloric diets, while refined sugars represent up to 40% of caloric intake within industrialized countries and contribute to the growing epidemics of inflammatory diseases. Herein we aim to better understand the impact of a high-fat-high-sucrose diet on intestinal homeostasis in healthy conditions and the subsequent colitis risk. We investigated the early events and the potential reversibility of high caloric diet-induced damage in mice before experimental colitis. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat or high-fat high-sucrose or control diet before experimental colitis. In healthy mice, a high-fat high-sucrose diet induces a pre-IBD state characterized by gut microbiota dysbiosis with a total depletion of bacteria belonging to Barnesiella that is associated with subclinical endoscopic lesions. An overall down-regulation of the colonic transcriptome converged with broadly decreased immune cell populations in the mesenteric lymph nodes leading to the inability to respond to tissue injury. Such in-vivo effects on microbiome and transcriptome were partially restored when returning to normal chow. Long-term consumption of diet enriched in sucrose and fat predisposes mice to colitis. This enhanced risk is preceded by gut microbiota dysbiosis and transcriptional reprogramming of colonic genes related to IBD. Importantly, diet-induced transcriptome and microbiome disturbances are partially reversible after switching back to normal chow with persistent sequelae that may contribute to IBD predisposition in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djésia Arnone
- Inserm U1256, Nutrition Genetics and Exposition NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Vallier
- Section of Evolutionary Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Sébastien Hergalant
- Inserm U1256, Nutrition Genetics and Exposition NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Caroline Chabot
- CHRU-Nancy, Pediatric Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Child Medicine and Clinical Genetics, Inserm U1256, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- Inserm U1256, Nutrition Genetics and Exposition NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - David Moulin
- IMoPA, UMR7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, Contrat d'interface, Nancy, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Alberto
- Inserm U1256, Nutrition Genetics and Exposition NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Huguette Louis
- Department Inserm UMRS_1116 DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Cytometry Core Facility, UMS2008 IBSLor (CNRS-Université de Lorraine-INSERM), Campus Brabois-Santé, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Boulard
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Mayeur
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Natacha Dreumont
- Inserm U1256, Nutrition Genetics and Exposition NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Kenneth Peuker
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Strigli
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- Inserm U1256, Nutrition Genetics and Exposition NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Tunay Kökten
- Inserm U1256, Nutrition Genetics and Exposition NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U1256, Nutrition Genetics and Exposition NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHRU-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fismen AS, Buoncristiano M, Williams J, Helleve A, Abdrakhmanova S, Bakacs M, Bergh IH, Boymatova K, Duleva V, Fijałkowska A, García-Solano M, Gualtieri A, Gutiérrez-González E, Hejgaard T, Huidumac-Petrescu C, Hyska J, Kelleher CC, Kierkegaard L, Kujundžić E, Kunešová M, Milanović SM, Nardone P, Nurk E, Ostojic SM, Ozcebe LH, Peterkova V, Petrauskiene A, Pudule I, Rakhmatulleoeva S, Rakovac I, Rito AI, Rutter H, Sacchini E, Stojisavljević D, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Shengelia L, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Tanrygulyyeva M, Usupova Z, Weghuber D, Breda J. Socioeconomic differences in food habits among 6- to 9-year-old children from 23 countries-WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI 2015/2017). Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 6:e13211. [PMID: 34235830 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic differences in children's food habits are a key public health concern. In order to inform policy makers, cross-country surveillance studies of dietary patterns across socioeconomic groups are required. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and children's food habits. METHODS The study was based on nationally representative data from children aged 6-9 years (n = 129,164) in 23 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Multivariate multilevel analyses were used to explore associations between children's food habits (consumption of fruit, vegetables, and sugar-containing soft drinks) and parental education, perceived family wealth and parental employment status. RESULTS Overall, the present study suggests that unhealthy food habits are associated with lower SES, particularly as assessed by parental education and family perceived wealth, but not parental employment status. We found cross-national and regional variation in associations between SES and food habits and differences in the extent to which the respective indicators of SES were related to children's diet. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic differences in children's food habits exist in the majority of European and Asian countries examined in this study. The results are of relevance when addressing strategies, policy actions, and interventions targeting social inequalities in children's diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Siri Fismen
- Department of Health Promotion and Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marta Buoncristiano
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Julianne Williams
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Arnfinn Helleve
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shynar Abdrakhmanova
- Department of Science and Professional Development, National Center of Public Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan.,Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Kazakhstan's Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Márta Bakacs
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ingunn Holden Bergh
- Department of Health and Inequality, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Khadichamo Boymatova
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course, WHO Country Office for Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Vesselka Duleva
- Department Food and Nutrition, National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Fijałkowska
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta García-Solano
- Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Tatjana Hejgaard
- Health Promotion and Inequality, Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Constanta Huidumac-Petrescu
- National Center for Health Assessment and Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jolanda Hyska
- Nutrition and Food Safety Sector, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lene Kierkegaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Enisa Kujundžić
- Center for Health Ecology, Institute of Public Health, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Marie Kunešová
- Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Eha Nurk
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sergej M Ostojic
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lütfiye Hilal Ozcebe
- Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Valentina Peterkova
- Institute of Paediatric Endocrinology, National Medical Research Centre for Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ausra Petrauskiene
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Iveta Pudule
- Department of Research and Health Statistics, Centre for Disease and Prevention Control, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sanavbar Rakhmatulleoeva
- Department of the Organization of Medical Services for Mothers, Children and Family Planning Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Ivo Rakovac
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ana Isabel Rito
- WHO/Europe Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Childhood Obesity - Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Elena Sacchini
- Health Authority, Ministry of Health, San Marino, San Marino
| | - Dragana Stojisavljević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Public Health Institute of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Lela Shengelia
- Maternal, Child and Reproductive Health, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Angela Spinelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia.,Faculty of Medicine, SS. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Maya Tanrygulyyeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
| | - Zhamilya Usupova
- Republican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - João Breda
- World Health Organization (WHO) European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Division of Country Health Programmes, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A predictive model incorporating the change detection and Winsorization methods for alerting hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 59:2311-2324. [PMID: 34591245 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on establishing an effective predictive model to quickly and accurately alert hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia for helping control blood glucose levels of people with diabetes. In general, a good predictive model is established on the features of data. Inspired by this, we first analyze the characteristics of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data by the equality of variances test and outlier detection, which show time-varying fluctuations and jump points in CGM data. Therefore, we incorporate the change detection method and the Winsorization method into the predictive model based on the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model and the recursive least squares (RLS) method to fit the above characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first attempt to give a solution for matching the time-varying fluctuations and jump points of CGM data simultaneously. A case study using CGM data is given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method under 30-min-ahead prediction. The results show that the proposed method can improve the true alarm ratio of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia from 0.7983 to 0.8783, and lengthen the average advance detection time of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia from 19.77 to 22.64 min.
Collapse
|
20
|
The Association between Free Sugars Consumption and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Cross-Sectional Study among Chinese Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093012. [PMID: 34578890 PMCID: PMC8468888 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of evidence to show prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and the association between LPR and dietary factors. Adolescents consume the most amount of free sugars among the Chinese population. We conducted this study to investigate the prevalence of LPR in Chinese adolescents and explore the association between free sugars consumption and LPR. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1517 middle school students in Hunan, China. An online questionnaire was applied to collect data on the condition of LPR, consumption of free sugars and other self-reported covariates. Height, weight and waist circumference were collected by anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression was applied to assess the association between LPR and free sugars consumption. The mean and standard deviation of free sugars consumption was 53.14 ± 44.75 (g/d). The prevalence of LPR was 8.11%. A positive association was observed between LPR and higher free sugars consumption after adjusted multiple covariates, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confident interval) of 1.656 (1.125–2.438). The prevalence of LPR among Chinese adolescents was high. Further analytic studies with strict design are required to test the association between LPR and free sugar consumption. Systematic strategies and policies should to be developed to reduce the intake of free sugars in order to prevent LPR.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Te Morenga L, Kruimer D, McLean R, Sabadel AJM, van Hale R, Tatin X, Hindmarsh JH, Mann J, Merriman T. Associations Between Sugars Intakes and Urinary Sugars Excretion and Carbon Stable Isotope Ratios in Red Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Sugars Intake in a Predominantly Māori Population. Front Nutr 2021; 8:637267. [PMID: 34277677 PMCID: PMC8278019 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.637267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the extent to which added sugars intake contribute to non-communicable disease in various populations is challenging because it is difficult to accurately measure intakes. Biomarkers may provide a reliable and easily measured method of assessing intakes. In a predominantly Māori population we compared various sugars intake estimates derived from a 36 item sugar-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with biomarkers of sugars intake; urinary sugars excretion in random spot collections (n = 153) and carbon stable isotope ratios (n = 36) in red blood cells (RBCs, δ13CRBC) and in the alanine fraction of the RBCs (δ13Calanine). Estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion was statistically significantly correlated with intakes of total sugars (r = 0.23), sucrose (r = 0.26) and added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; r = 0.26). δ13Calanine was correlated with added sugars (r = 0.40). In log linear multiple regression models adjusted with HbA1C and eGFR δ13Calanine predicted added sugars intakes (r 2 = 0.29) and estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion predicted intakes of total sugars (r 2 = 0.14), sucrose (r 2 = 0.17), added sugars (r 2 = 0.17) and sugars from SSBs (r 2 = 0.14). These biomarkers have potential for improving assessment of sugars intake in New Zealand populations enabling monitoring of the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies designed to reduce risk of NCDs. However, further validation is required to confirm these preliminary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Te Morenga
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Devonia Kruimer
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael McLean
- Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Robert van Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jim Mann
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tony Merriman
- Edgar Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Heiss R, Naderer B, Matthes J. Healthwashing in high-sugar food advertising: the effect of prior information on healthwashing perceptions in Austria. Health Promot Int 2020; 36:1029-1038. [PMID: 33855341 PMCID: PMC8405248 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of exceeding levels of sugar consumption, some food companies advertise high-sugar products using inappropriate and misleading health claims (i.e. healthwashing). To reduce sugar consumption, consumers need to recognize what these healthwashed claims are. This study investigates how prior sugar-related health information moderates the effect of exposure to healthwashed advertisements (ads) on healthwashing perceptions and how such perceptions are related to attitudes towards product consumption. We conducted a 2 × 2 online experiment with 292 adult participants in Austria. We manipulated the presence of healthwashing and participants’ prior sugar-related health information. The results indicated that exposure to healthwashed ads increased healthwashing perceptions only when the participants received additional health information prior to ad exposure, whereas no significant effect was found when the participants did not receive such prior health information. Healthwashing perceptions were then negatively related to individuals’ attitudes towards product consumption. Based on these results, the study suggests that public access to health-related information might play an important role in empowering consumers to detect inappropriate health claims and become more critical towards food companies’ underlying strategies in ads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Heiss
- Center for Social and Health Innovation, Management Center Innsbruck (MCI), Universitätsstraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Naderer
- Department of Media and Communication, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Matthes
- Department of Communication, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vats S, Bansal R, Rana N, Kumawat S, Bhatt V, Jadhav P, Kale V, Sathe A, Sonah H, Jugdaohsingh R, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Unexplored nutritive potential of tomato to combat global malnutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1003-1034. [PMID: 33086895 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1832954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tomato, a widely consumed vegetable crop, offers a real potential to combat human nutritional deficiencies. Tomatoes are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds (including vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals) that are known to be essential or beneficial for human health. This review highlights the current state of the art in the molecular understanding of the nutritional aspects, conventional and molecular breeding efforts, and biofortification studies undertaken to improve the nutritional content and quality of tomato. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies, which offer a deeper understanding of the molecular regulation of the tomato's nutrients, are discussed. The potential uses of the wastes from the tomato processing industry (i.e., the peels and seed extracts) that are particularly rich in oils and proteins are also discussed. Recent advancements with CRISPR/Cas mediated gene-editing technology provide enormous opportunities to enhance the nutritional content of agricultural produces, including tomatoes. In this regard, genome editing efforts with respect to biofortification in the tomato plant are also discussed. The recent technological advancements and knowledge gaps described herein aim to help explore the unexplored nutritional potential of the tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MS, India
| | - Pravin Jadhav
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Vijay Kale
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Atul Sathe
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mahato DK, Keast R, Liem DG, Russell CG, Cicerale S, Gamlath S. Sugar Reduction in Dairy Food: An Overview with Flavoured Milk as an Example. Foods 2020; 9:E1400. [PMID: 33023125 PMCID: PMC7600122 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the public health concern associated with the consumption of added sugar, the World Health Organization recommends cutting down sugar in processed foods. Furthermore, due to the growing concern of increased calorie intake from added sugar in sweetened dairy foods, the present review provides an overview of different types and functions of sugar, various sugar reduction strategies, and current trends in the use of sweeteners for sugar reduction in dairy food, taking flavoured milk as a central theme where possible to explore the aforementioned aspects. The strength and uniqueness of this review are that it brings together all the information on the available types of sugar and sugar reduction strategies and explores the current trends that could be applied for reducing sugar in dairy foods without much impact on consumer acceptance. Among different strategies for sugar reduction, the use of natural non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs), has received much attention due to consumer demand for natural ingredients. Sweetness imparted by sugar can be replaced by natural NNSs, however, sugar provides more than just sweetness to flavoured milk. Sugar reduction involves multiple technical challenges to maintain the sensory properties of the product, as well as to maintain consumer acceptance. Because no single sugar has a sensory profile that matches sucrose, the use of two or more natural NNSs could be an option for food industries to reduce sugar using a holistic approach rather than a single sugar reduction strategy. Therefore, achieving even a small sugar reduction can significantly improve the diet and health of an individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (R.K.); (D.G.L.); (C.G.R.); (S.C.); (S.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Knowledge and acceptance of interventions aimed at reducing sugar intake in Portugal. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3423-3434. [PMID: 32924903 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Governments worldwide have been implementing interventions aimed at improving citizens' dietary habits. Examining how individuals perceive these interventions is relevant for promoting future policies in this area, as well as informing the way they are designed and implemented. In the current study, we focused on interventions aimed at reducing sugar intake in Portugal, given the current high sugar consumption patterns in the population. DESIGN Online survey to assess which interventions are the most salient and receive greater public support. SETTING Portugal. PARTICIPANTS 1010 (76·7 % female, MAge 36·33, sd 13·22). RESULTS Data from a free-recall task showed that only about one-third of participants reported knowing about these interventions, namely those related to taxation, weight restrictions in individual sugar packets and limited availability of products with high sugar content. We also found evidence of high support for the eight interventions presented (except for replacing sugar by artificial sweeteners), positive attitudes towards the need of reducing sugar intake in the Portuguese population and high agreement with the importance of reducing sugar intake across all age groups, particularly among children. Participants also indicated paying attention to the amount of sugar in their diets and a low self-reported frequency of consumption of high sugary foods and beverages. A hierarchical regression analysis suggested that these variables were significantly associated with the overall acceptance of interventions, independently of social-demographic variables (i.e., age, education and sex). CONCLUSION By examining how people perceive and accept different interventions targeting the reduction of sugar intake, the current work aims to support policymaking in this domain.
Collapse
|
27
|
New Methodology for the Identification of Metabolites of Saccharides and Cyclitols by Off-Line EC-MALDI-TOF-MS. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155265. [PMID: 32722273 PMCID: PMC7432413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of electrochemistry (EC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (off-line EC-MALDI-TOF-MS) was applied for determination of the studied biologically active compounds (D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-pinitol, L-chiro-inositol, and myo-inositol) and their possible electrochemical metabolites. In this work, boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) was used as a working electrode. MALDI-TOF-MS experiments were carried out (both in positive and negative ion modes and using two matrices) to identify the structures of electrochemical products. This was one of the first applications of the EC system for the generation of electrochemical products produced from saccharides and cyclitols. Moreover, exploratory data analysis approaches (correlation networks, hierarchical cluster analysis, weighted plots) were used in order to present differences/similarities between the obtained spectra, regarding the class of analyzed compounds, ionization modes, and used matrices. This work presents the investigation and comparison of fragmentation patterns of sugars, cyclitols, and their respective products generated through the electrochemistry (EC) process.
Collapse
|
28
|
Martin-Kerry J, Gussy M, Gold L, Calache H, Boak R, Smith M, de Silva A. Are Australian parents following feeding guidelines that will reduce their child's risk of dental caries? Child Care Health Dev 2020; 46:495-505. [PMID: 32246860 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood is an important time to establish eating behaviours and taste preferences, and there is strong evidence of the association between the early introduction of sugar-sweetened beverages and obesity and dental caries (tooth decay). Dental caries early in life predicts lifetime caries experience, and worldwide expenditure for dental caries is high. METHODS Questionnaire data from the Splash! longitudinal birth cohort study of young children in Victoria, Australia was used to examine beverage consumption and parental feeding behaviours of young children, aiming to provide contemporary dietary data and assess consistency with the Australian dietary guidelines. RESULTS From 12 months of age, the proportion of children drinking sugar-sweetened beverages consistently increased with age (e.g. fruit juice consumed by 21.8% at 12 months and 76.7% at 4 years of age). However, the most common beverages for young children are milk and water, consistent with Australian dietary guidelines. In relation to other risk factors for dental caries, at 6 months of age children were sharing utensils, and at 12 months three quarters of carers tasted the child's food before feeding. CONCLUSIONS The increasing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and prevalence of other risk factors for dental caries and obesity through early childhood continues to be a problem despite efforts to raise awareness of these issues with parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Martin-Kerry
- Research Fellow, Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Mark Gussy
- Global Professor of Rural Health and Care, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Lisa Gold
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanny Calache
- Head, Oral Health Research Stream, Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Boak
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Centre for Health Equity, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Smith
- Oral Health Services, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Dental Clinic, Colac Area Health, Colac, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Services, Wathaurong Aboriginal Health Service, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea de Silva
- Research Department WorkSafe Victoria, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Green MA, Pradeilles R, Laar A, Osei-Kwasi H, Bricas N, Coleman N, Klomegah S, Wanjohi MN, Tandoh A, Akparibo R, Aryeetey RNO, Griffiths P, Kimani-Murage EW, Mensah K, Muthuri S, Zotor F, Holdsworth M. Investigating foods and beverages sold and advertised in deprived urban neighbourhoods in Ghana and Kenya: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e035680. [PMID: 32595155 PMCID: PMC7322322 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise the local foods and beverages sold and advertised in three deprived urban African neighbourhoods. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. We undertook an audit of all food outlets (outlet type and food sold) and food advertisements. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise exposures. Latent class analysis was used to explore the interactions between food advertisements, food outlet types and food type availability. SETTING Three deprived neighbourhoods in African cities: Jamestown in Accra, Ho Dome in Ho (both Ghana) and Makadara in Nairobi (Kenya). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Types of foods and beverages sold and/or advertised. RESULTS Jamestown (80.5%) and Makadara (70.9%) were dominated by informal vendors. There was a wide diversity of foods, with high availability of healthy (eg, staples, vegetables) and unhealthy foods (eg, processed/fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages). Almost half of all advertisements were for sugar-sweetened beverages (48.3%), with higher exposure to alcohol adverts compared with other items as well (28.5%). We identified five latent classes which demonstrated the clustering of healthier foods in informal outlets, and unhealthy foods in formal outlets. CONCLUSION Our study presents one of the most detailed geospatial exploration of the urban food environment in Africa. The high exposure of sugar-sweetened beverages and alcohol both available and advertised represent changing urban food environments. The concentration of unhealthy foods and beverages in formal outlets and advertisements of unhealthy products may offer important policy opportunities for regulation and action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Alan Green
- Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca Pradeilles
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Nathaniel Coleman
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Senam Klomegah
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Milka Njeri Wanjohi
- Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Akua Tandoh
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Robert Akparibo
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Paula Griffiths
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Kobby Mensah
- Business School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Francis Zotor
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- NUTRIPASS Unit, French Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eyles H, Trieu K, Jiang Y, Mhurchu CN. Reducing children's sugar intake through food reformulation: methods for estimating sugar reduction program targets, using New Zealand as a case study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:622-634. [PMID: 31880774 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing sugar in packaged foods and beverages could help protect children's future health. Clear methods for the development of feasible yet impactful sugar reduction program targets are needed. OBJECTIVES To outline methods for the development of program targets that would reduce, by 20%, the total sugar content of packaged foods and beverages commonly consumed by children. New Zealand (NZ) is used as a case study. METHODS Sugar content and pack size targets were developed using a 6-step process informed by the UK sugar and salt reduction programs. Food groups contributing ≥2% to children's total sugar intake were identified using national dietary survey data. Consumption volume, sugar content, and pack size were obtained from household panel data linked with a packaged food composition database. Category-specific targets were set as 20% reductions in sales-weighted means adjusted for feasibility, i.e., ∼1/3 of products already meeting the target, and alignment with existing, relevant targets. RESULTS Twenty-two food groups were identified as major contributors to NZ children's total sugar intake. Mean reductions required in sugar content and pack size to meet the targets were 5.2 g per 100 g/mL (26%) and 61.2 g/mL/pack (23%), respectively. The percentage of products already meeting the sugar targets ranged from 14% for electrolyte drinks and flavored dairy milk to 50% for cereal bars, and for pack size targets compliance ranged from 32% for chocolate confectionary to 62% for fruit juices and drinks. Estimated reductions in annual household sugar purchases if the sugar and pack size targets were met were 1459 g (23%) and 286 g (6%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Methods for the development of sugar and pack size reduction targets are presented, providing a robust, step-by-step process for countries to follow. The results of the case study provide a suggested benchmark for a potential national sugar reduction program in NZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Eyles
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Kathy Trieu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yannan Jiang
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Cliona Ni Mhurchu
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
von Philipsborn P, Stratil JM, Burns J, Busert LK, Pfadenhauer LM, Polus S, Holzapfel C, Hauner H, Rehfuess E. Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 6:CD012292. [PMID: 31194900 PMCID: PMC6564085 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012292.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated as a means to reduce the consumption of SSB. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of environmental interventions (excluding taxation) on the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-sweetened milk, diet-related anthropometric measures and health outcomes, and on any reported unintended consequences or adverse outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched 11 general, specialist and regional databases from inception to 24 January 2018. We also searched trial registers, reference lists and citations, scanned websites of relevant organisations, and contacted study authors. SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies on interventions implemented at an environmental level, reporting effects on direct or indirect measures of SSB intake, diet-related anthropometric measures and health outcomes, or any reported adverse outcome. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised controlled trials (NRCTs), controlled before-after (CBA) and interrupted-time-series (ITS) studies, implemented in real-world settings with a combined length of intervention and follow-up of at least 12 weeks and at least 20 individuals in each of the intervention and control groups. We excluded studies in which participants were administered SSB as part of clinical trials, and multicomponent interventions which did not report SSB-specific outcome data. We excluded studies on the taxation of SSB, as these are the subject of a separate Cochrane Review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the risks of bias of included studies. We classified interventions according to the NOURISHING framework, and synthesised results narratively and conducted meta-analyses for two outcomes relating to two intervention types. We assessed our confidence in the certainty of effect estimates with the GRADE framework as very low, low, moderate or high, and presented 'Summary of findings' tables. MAIN RESULTS We identified 14,488 unique records, and assessed 1030 in full text for eligibility. We found 58 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, including 22 RCTs, 3 NRCTs, 14 CBA studies, and 19 ITS studies, with a total of 1,180,096 participants. The median length of follow-up was 10 months. The studies included children, teenagers and adults, and were implemented in a variety of settings, including schools, retailing and food service establishments. We judged most studies to be at high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain, and most studies used non-randomised designs. The studies examine a broad range of interventions, and we present results for these separately.Labelling interventions (8 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that traffic-light labelling is associated with decreasing sales of SSBs, and low-certainty evidence that nutritional rating score labelling is associated with decreasing sales of SSBs. For menu-board calorie labelling reported effects on SSB sales varied.Nutrition standards in public institutions (16 studies): We found low-certainty evidence that reduced availability of SSBs in schools is associated with decreased SSB consumption. We found very low-certainty evidence that improved availability of drinking water in schools and school fruit programmes are associated with decreased SSB consumption. Reported associations between improved availability of drinking water in schools and student body weight varied.Economic tools (7 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that price increases on SSBs are associated with decreasing SSB sales. For price discounts on low-calorie beverages reported effects on SSB sales varied.Whole food supply interventions (3 studies): Reported associations between voluntary industry initiatives to improve the whole food supply and SSB sales varied.Retail and food service interventions (7 studies): We found low-certainty evidence that healthier default beverages in children's menus in chain restaurants are associated with decreasing SSB sales, and moderate-certainty evidence that in-store promotion of healthier beverages in supermarkets is associated with decreasing SSB sales. We found very low-certainty evidence that urban planning restrictions on new fast-food restaurants and restrictions on the number of stores selling SSBs in remote communities are associated with decreasing SSB sales. Reported associations between promotion of healthier beverages in vending machines and SSB intake or sales varied.Intersectoral approaches (8 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that government food benefit programmes with restrictions on purchasing SSBs are associated with decreased SSB intake. For unrestricted food benefit programmes reported effects varied. We found moderate-certainty evidence that multicomponent community campaigns focused on SSBs are associated with decreasing SSB sales. Reported associations between trade and investment liberalisation and SSB sales varied.Home-based interventions (7 studies): We found moderate-certainty evidence that improved availability of low-calorie beverages in the home environment is associated with decreased SSB intake, and high-certainty evidence that it is associated with decreased body weight among adolescents with overweight or obesity and a high baseline consumption of SSBs.Adverse outcomes reported by studies, which may occur in some circumstances, included negative effects on revenue, compensatory SSB consumption outside school when the availability of SSBs in schools is reduced, reduced milk intake, stakeholder discontent, and increased total energy content of grocery purchases with price discounts on low-calorie beverages, among others. The certainty of evidence on adverse outcomes was low to very low for most outcomes.We analysed interventions targeting sugar-sweetened milk separately, and found low- to moderate-certainty evidence that emoticon labelling and small prizes for the selection of healthier beverages in elementary school cafeterias are associated with decreased consumption of sugar-sweetened milk. We found low-certainty evidence that improved placement of plain milk in school cafeterias is not associated with decreasing sugar-sweetened milk consumption. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence included in this review indicates that effective, scalable interventions addressing SSB consumption at a population level exist. Implementation should be accompanied by high-quality evaluations using appropriate study designs, with a particular focus on the long-term effects of approaches suitable for large-scale implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter von Philipsborn
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Jan M Stratil
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Jacob Burns
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Laura K Busert
- University College LondonGreat Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Lisa M Pfadenhauer
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Stephanie Polus
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- School of Medicine, Technical University of MunichInstitute of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener‐Fresenius Centre for Nutritional MedicineMunichGermany
| | - Hans Hauner
- School of Medicine, Technical University of MunichInstitute of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kroener‐Fresenius Centre for Nutritional MedicineMunichGermany
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichBavariaGermany81377
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Whey Proteins Reduce Appetite, Stimulate Anorexigenic Gastrointestinal Peptides and Improve Glucometabolic Homeostasis in Young Obese Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020247. [PMID: 30678029 PMCID: PMC6412413 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Proteins, particularly whey proteins, represent the most satiating macronutrient in animals and humans. A dietetic regimen based on proteins enriched preload before eating might be a strategy to counteract obesity. Aims and Methods: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an isocaloric drink containing whey proteins or maltodextrins (preload) on appetite (satiety/hunger measured by a visual analogue scale or VAS), glucometabolic control (blood glucose/insulin), and anorexigenic gastrointestinal peptides (pancreatic polypeptide or PP, glucagon-like peptide 1 or GLP-1 and peptide YY or PYY) in a cohort of obese young women (n = 9; age: 18.1 ± 3.0 years; body mass index, BMI: 38.8 ± 4.5 kg/m2). After two and a half hours, they were administered with a mixed meal at a fixed dose; satiety and hunger were measured by VAS. Results: Each drink significantly augmented satiety and reduced hunger, and the effects were more evident with whey proteins than maltodextrins. Similarly, there were significant increases in GLP-1 and PYY levels (but not PP) after the ingestion of each drink; these anorexigenic responses were higher with whey proteins than maltodextrins. While insulinemia identically increased after each drink, whey proteins induced a lower glycemic response than maltodextrins. No differences in satiety and hunger were found after the meal, which is presumably due to the late administration of the meal test, when the hypophagic effect of whey proteins was disappearing. Conclusions: While whey proteins actually reduce appetite, stimulate anorexigenic gastrointestinal peptides, and improve glucometabolic homeostasis in young obese women, further additional studies are mandatory to demonstrate their hypophagic effects in obese subjects, when administered as preload before eating.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hutchings SC, Low JYQ, Keast RSJ. Sugar reduction without compromising sensory perception. An impossible dream? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2287-2307. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1450214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Hutchings
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia Y. Q. Low
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Russell S. J. Keast
- Centre for Advanced Sensory Science, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Obesity in adolescence will probably have major implications not only for the affected adolescents but also for society. Those who have obesity during adolescence usually have obesity into adulthood, which causes many medical and psychological issues that can result in premature death. Furthermore, obesity in adolescents is associated with a range of social problems, including difficulties securing an apprenticeship or a job or finding a partner. Adolescents with obesity are also at increased risk of having children with obesity later in life. All these consequences lead to high costs for the health-care system. Although efficient treatment options are available that have been proven in randomized controlled trials, such as lifestyle interventions for adolescents with obesity and bariatric surgery for adolescents with severe obesity, these interventions frequently fail in clinical practice as treatment adherence is low in adolescents and most adolescents with obesity do not seek medical care. Therefore, improving treatment adherence and identifying treatment barriers are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Witten/Herdecke, Dr. Friedrich Steiner Street 5, Datteln 45711, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Evans C. How successful will the sugar levy be in improving diet and reducing inequalities in health? Perspect Public Health 2018; 138:85-86. [PMID: 29465014 DOI: 10.1177/1757913917750966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
|