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Patra S, Pareek D, Gupta PS, Wasnik K, Singh G, Yadav DD, Mastai Y, Paik P. Progress in Treatment and Diagnostics of Infectious Disease with Polymers. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:287-316. [PMID: 38237146 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In this era of advanced technology and innovation, infectious diseases still cause significant morbidity and mortality, which need to be addressed. Despite overwhelming success in the development of vaccines, transmittable diseases such as tuberculosis and AIDS remain unprotected, and the treatment is challenging due to frequent mutations of the pathogens. Formulations of new or existing drugs with polymeric materials have been explored as a promising new approach. Variations in shape, size, surface charge, internal morphology, and functionalization position polymer particles as a revolutionary material in healthcare. Here, an overview is provided of major diseases along with statistics on infection and death rates, focusing on polymer-based treatments and modes of action. Key issues are discussed in this review pertaining to current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Desh Deepak Yadav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
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2
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Alsharedeh RH, Rezigue M, Bashatwah RM, Amawi H, Aljabali AAA, Obeid MA, Tambuwala MM. Nanomaterials as a Potential Target for Infectious Parasitic Agents. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:828-851. [PMID: 36815647 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230223085403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the technological advancement in the era of personalized medicine and therapeutics development, infectious parasitic causative agents remain one of the most challenging areas of research and development. The disadvantages of conventional parasitic prevention and control are the emergence of multiple drug resistance as well as the non-specific targeting of intracellular parasites, which results in high dose concentration needs and subsequently intolerable cytotoxicity. Nanotechnology has attracted extensive interest to reduce medication therapy adverse effects including poor bioavailability and drug selectivity. Numerous nanomaterials-based delivery systems have previously been shown in animal models to be effective in the treatment of various parasitic infections. This review discusses a variety of nanomaterials-based antiparasitic procedures and techniques as well as the processes that allow them to be targeted to different parasitic infections. This review focuses on the key prerequisites for creating novel nanotechnology-based carriers as a potential option in parasite management, specifically in the context of human-related pathogenic parasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan H Alsharedeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Meriem Rezigue
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Rasha M Bashatwah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
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3
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Awashra M, Młynarz P. The toxicity of nanoparticles and their interaction with cells: an in vitro metabolomic perspective. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2674-2723. [PMID: 37205285 PMCID: PMC10186990 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanomaterials (NMs) are widely present in daily life due to their significant benefits, as demonstrated by their application in many fields such as biomedicine, engineering, food, cosmetics, sensing, and energy. However, the increasing production of NMs multiplies the chances of their release into the surrounding environment, making human exposure to NMs inevitable. Currently, nanotoxicology is a crucial field, which focuses on studying the toxicity of NMs. The toxicity or effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment and humans can be preliminary assessed in vitro using cell models. However, the conventional cytotoxicity assays, such as the MTT assay, have some drawbacks including the possibility of interference with the studied NPs. Therefore, it is necessary to employ more advanced techniques that provide high throughput analysis and avoid interferences. In this case, metabolomics is one of the most powerful bioanalytical strategies to assess the toxicity of different materials. By measuring the metabolic change upon the introduction of a stimulus, this technique can reveal the molecular information of the toxicity induced by NPs. This provides the opportunity to design novel and efficient nanodrugs and minimizes the risks of NPs used in industry and other fields. Initially, this review summarizes the ways that NPs and cells interact and the NP parameters that play a role in this interaction, and then the assessment of these interactions using conventional assays and the challenges encountered are discussed. Subsequently, in the main part, we introduce the recent studies employing metabolomics for the assessment of these interactions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Awashra
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wroclaw Poland
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Rajwar TK, Pradhan D, Halder J, Rai VK, Kar B, Ghosh G, Rath G. Opportunity in nanomedicine to counter the challenges of current drug delivery approaches used for the treatment of malaria: a review. J Drug Target 2023; 31:354-368. [PMID: 36604804 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2164290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted by the infected female Anopheles mosquito. The development of drug tolerance and challenges related to the drugs' pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters limits the antimalarial therapeutics response. Currently, nanotechnology-based drug delivery system provides an integrative platform for antimalarial therapy by improving the drug physicochemical properties, combating multidrug resistance, and lowering antimalarial drug-related toxicity. In addition, surface engineered nanocarrier systems offer a variety of alternatives for site-specific/targeted delivery of antimalarial therapeutics, anticipating better clinical outcomes at low drug concentrations and low toxicity profiles, as well as reducing the likelihood of the emergence of drug resistance. So, constructing nano carrier-based approaches for drug delivery has been considered the foremost strategy to combat malaria. This review focuses on the numerous nanotherapeutic strategies utilised to treat malaria as well as the benefits of nanotechnology as a potentially effective therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Rajwar
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jitu Halder
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Stockman BJ, Ventura CA, Deykina VS, Khayan Lontscharitsch N, Saljanin E, Gil A, Canestrari M, Mahmood M. Direct Measurement of Nucleoside Ribohydrolase Enzyme Activities in Trichomonas vaginalis Cells Using 19F and 13C-Edited 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5300-5306. [PMID: 36917470 PMCID: PMC10825731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection, affecting an estimated 275 million people worldwide. The causative agent is the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Although the disease itself is typically mild, individuals with trichomonal infections have a higher susceptibility to more serious conditions. The emergence of parasite strains resistant to current therapies necessitates the need for novel treatment strategies. Since T. vaginalis is an obligate parasite that requires nucleoside salvage pathways, essential nucleoside ribohydrolase enzymes are promising new drug targets. Fragment screening and X-ray crystallography have enabled structure-guided design of inhibitors for two of these enyzmes. Linkage of enzymatic and antiprotozoal activity would be a transformative step toward designing novel, mechanism-based therapeutic agents. While a correlation with inhibition of purified enzyme would be mechanistically suggestive, a correlation with inhibition of in-cell enzyme activity would definitively establish this linkage. To demonstrate this linkage, we have translated our NMR-based activity assays that measure the activity of purified enzymes for use in T. vaginalis cells. The 19F NMR-based activity assay for the pyrimidine-specific enzyme translated directly to in-cell assays. However, the 1H NMR-based activity assay for the purine-specific enzyme required a switch from adenosine to guanosine substrate and the use of 13C-editing to resolve the substrate 1H signals from cell and growth media background signals. The in-cell NMR assays are robust and have been demonstrated to provide inhibition data on test compounds. The results described here represent the first direct measurement of enzyme activity in protozoan parasite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Stockman
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - Carlos A Ventura
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - Valerie S Deykina
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | | | - Edina Saljanin
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - Ari Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - Madison Canestrari
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - Maham Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
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Maciver SK, Abdelnasir S, Anwar A, Siddiqui R, Khan NA. Modular nanotheranostic agents for protistan parasitic diseases: Magic bullets with tracers. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 253:111541. [PMID: 36603708 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protistan parasitic infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality, causing more than 2 billion human infections annually. However, current treatments are often limited; due to ineffective drugs and drug resistance, thus better options are urgently required. In the present context, theranostics agents are those that offer simultaneous detection, diagnosis and even treatment of protistan parasitic diseases. "Nanotheranostics" is the term used to describe such agents, that are around 100 nm or less in size. Anti-parasitic activity of nanoparticles (NPs) has been reported, and many have useful intrinsic imaging properties, but it is perhaps their multifunctional nature that offers the greatest potential. NPs may be used as adapters onto which various subunits with different functions may be attached. These subunits may facilitate targeting parasites, coupled with toxins to eradicate parasites, and probe subunits for detection of particles and/or parasites. The modular nature of nano-platforms promises a "mix and match" approach for the construction of tailored agents by using combinations of these subunits against different protistan parasites. Even though many of the subunits have shown promise alone, these have not yet been put together convincingly enough to form working theranostics against protistan parasites. Although the clinical application of nanotheranostics to protistan parasitic infections in humans requires more research, we conclude that they offer not just a realisation of Paul Ehrlich's long imagined "magic bullet" concept, but potentially are magic bullets combined with tracer bullets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutherland Kester Maciver
- Centre for Discovery Brain Science, Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sumayah Abdelnasir
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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7
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Kasem SM, Mira NM, Mahfouz ME, Helal IB. In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Ethanolic Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis and its Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Oocysts of Chickens. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:295. [PMID: 36329254 PMCID: PMC9633124 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs) were used as nanocarrier for ultrasonicated ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (UEERO) as a new nanoformulation against Eimeria tenella. Herein, CsNPs have been synthesized by ionic gelation method at pH 3 (CsNPs3) and pH 5 (CsNPs5), followed by characterization of morphology, size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface charge, and loading efficiency of UEERO. An in vitro sporulation inhibition assay (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, 0.31, 0.15, 0.07, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 mg/ml normal saline solution) against E. tenella was conducted. Results showed that free CsNPs and UEERO-CsNPs3/5 were cubic- and spherical-shaped with positive charge and average size of ~ 150.8 nm (314.4 nm) and 151.7 nm (321.1 nm), respectively. The total loading efficiency using UV–vis spectrophotometer, was 80.05 at pH 5 and 64.39% at pH 3. The in vitro sporulation inhibition assay revealed that UEERO, CsNPs3/5, and UEERO-CsNPs3/5 showed a potential inhibitory effect on sporulation (%), distortion in wall (%), and sporocyst abnormality (%) in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, the concentration (10 mg/ml) showed the best efficacy after 24 h in UEERO, free CsNPs, and UEERO-CsNPs. Moreover, UEERO-CsNPs3 and UEERO-CsNPs5 had stopped the sporulation (%) after 72 h. Taken all together, UEERO-CsNPs3 and UEERO-CsNPs5 are best effective against E. tenella in a dose-dependent manner in terms of sporulation (%), distortion in wall (%), and sporocysts abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Kasem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Nabila M Mira
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Magdy E Mahfouz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim B Helal
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, EL Gharbia, 31527, Egypt
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8
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K D, Venugopal S. Therapeutic potential of selenium nanoparticles. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1042338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases have always been a disconcerting issue and have changed into being an inevitable member of the world’s population. Medical advancements have brought in improved treatments for particular ailments, but unfortunately those betterments have resulted in either side effects or turned out futile to a certain extent. The emergence of nanotechnology has considerably benefitted medical experts in disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Currently, an expansive range of nanoparticles is being explored for their effectiveness in therapies, and one among them is selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Nano-selenium exhibits significant properties which make it best suited for this purpose. The article highlights the key role of SeNPs in treating major diseases like cancer, diabetes, and microbial infections.
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9
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Recent metabolomic developments for antimalarial drug discovery. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3351-3380. [PMID: 36194273 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic disease that remains a global health issue, responsible for a significant death and morbidity toll. Various factors have impacted the use and delayed the development of antimalarial therapies, such as the associated financial cost and parasitic resistance. In order to discover new drugs and validate parasitic targets, a powerful omics tool, metabolomics, emerged as a reliable approach. However, as a fairly recent method in malaria, new findings are timely and original practices emerge frequently. This review aims to discuss recent research towards the development of new metabolomic methods in the context of uncovering antiplasmodial mechanisms of action in vitro and to point out innovative metabolic pathways that can revitalize the antimalarial pipeline.
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Elmi T, Ardestani MS, Motevalian M, Hesari AK, Hamzeh MS, Zamani Z, Tabatabaie F. Antiplasmodial Effect of Nano Dendrimer G2 Loaded with Chloroquine in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:298-308. [PMID: 34398379 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a parasitic lethal disease caused by Plasmodium protozoa. The resistance and drugs' side effects have led to numerous researches for alternative suitable drugs with better efficiency and lower toxicity PURPOSE: In the present study, we investigated in vivo antimalarial effects of G2 linear dendrimer-based nano-chloroquine. METHODS After the preparation of nano dendrimer G2, chloroquine loading was done. Determine the characterization of particles were specified by DLS, SLS and SEM. The LC-MS and FTIR were used for verifying the nano dendrimer G2 and the loading of chloroquine into the compound. The Solubility N-chloroquine and measurement of drug release rate were done. Antiplasmodial activity of N-chloroquine on BALB/c mice was performed by the microscope and enzymatic methods. At the end, In vivo toxicity of N-chloroquine on tissues was assayed. The RBC morphology and enzyme levels were identified. RESULTS The results showed the synthesized N-chloroquine had suitable size and solubility. Highest inhibitory effect on Plasmodium parasitic growth was observed at 16 mg/kg dose of N-chloroquine, which eliminated 95% of the parasites (p > 0.05). ED50 is observed at 7.7 mg/kg of N-chloroquine dose. Biochemical findings showed the synthesized N-chloroquine was safer than chloroquine. The N-chloroquine no adverse effects were observed in examined tissues. CONCLUSION Due to the better effect of the synthesized N-chloroquine on Plasmodium berghei in mice compared to chloroquine, this nanoparticle can be considered as an effective anti-plasmodium compound while more comprehensive research is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Elmi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology and Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kalantari Hesari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Seyyed Hamzeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Tabatabaie
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Urošević M, Nikolić L, Gajić I, Nikolić V, Dinić A, Miljković V. Curcumin: Biological Activities and Modern Pharmaceutical Forms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020135. [PMID: 35203738 PMCID: PMC8868220 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione) is a natural lipophilic polyphenol that exhibits significant pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo through various mechanisms of action. Numerous studies have identified and characterised the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical properties of curcumin. Curcumin has an anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antinociceptive, antiparasitic, antimalarial effect, and it is used as a wound-healing agent. However, poor curcumin absorption in the small intestine, fast metabolism, and fast systemic elimination cause poor bioavailability of curcumin in human beings. In order to overcome these problems, a number of curcumin formulations have been developed. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of recent research in biological and pharmaceutical aspects of curcumin, methods of sample preparation for its isolation (Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound extraction, pressurised fluid extraction, microwave extraction, enzyme-assisted aided extraction), analytical methods (FTIR, NIR, FT-Raman, UV-VIS, NMR, XRD, DSC, TLC, HPLC, HPTLC, LC-MS, UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) for identification and quantification of curcumin in different matrices, and different techniques for developing formulations. The optimal sample preparation and use of an appropriate analytical method will significantly improve the evaluation of formulations and the biological activity of curcumin.
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12
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Elmi T, Hajialiani F, Asadi MR, Sadeghi S, Namazi MJ, Tabatabaie F, Zamani Z. Antimalarial effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Allium paradoxum in vitro and in vivo. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:1055-1064. [PMID: 34789989 PMCID: PMC8556467 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria still is the most fatal parasitic disease affecting 50% of the world's population. Although annual deaths attributed to malaria has reduced, crucial importance of its prevention and treatment remains a priority for health care systems and researchers. The worldwide increase in resistance to most common antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, their unpleasant side effects and low efficiencies persuade researchers to prioritize finding alternative drugs including herbal medication from plant roots. The present study aimed to examine in vitro and in vivo effects of hydroalcoholic extract of herbal medicinal plant, Allium paradoxum, on growth rate in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. The cytotoxicity assay was performed for hydroalcoholic extract of A. paradoxum. The 3D7 strain of P. falciparum was cultured. The IC50 assay and enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase were performed. BALB/c mice were infected with P. berghei in vivo. Toxicity and histopathological changes in the tissues of liver and kidney were also examined. The highest efficacy of A. paradoxum extract was observed at 80 μg/mL in P. falciparum culture resulting in 60.43% growth inhibition compared to control groups. The significantly highest parasite growth inhibition with 88.71% was seen in the mice infected with P. berghei when administered with 400 mg/kg extract compared to control groups. No significant changes in the liver and kidney cells were observed between experimental and control groups. The study showed that A. paradoxum extract exhibited significant antimalarial properties in vitro on P. falciparum and in vivo in mice infected with P. berghei. There was no significant toxicity in the liver and kidney of the treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Elmi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Science, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran
| | - Fateme Hajialiani
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Asadi
- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sadeghi
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Namazi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, The Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fatemeh Tabatabaie
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zamani
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Avenue, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Tagde P, Tagde P, Islam F, Tagde S, Shah M, Hussain ZD, Rahman MH, Najda A, Alanazi IS, Germoush MO, Mohamed HRH, Algandaby MM, Nasrullah MZ, Kot N, Abdel-Daim MM. The Multifaceted Role of Curcumin in Advanced Nanocurcumin Form in the Treatment and Management of Chronic Disorders. Molecules 2021; 26:7109. [PMID: 34885693 PMCID: PMC8659038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is the primary polyphenol in turmeric's curcuminoid class. It has a wide range of therapeutic applications, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, and anticancer effects against various cancers, but has poor solubility and low bioavailability. Objective: To improve curcumin's bioavailability, plasma concentration, and cellular permeability processes. The nanocurcumin approach over curcumin has been proven appropriate for encapsulating or loading curcumin (nanocurcumin) to increase its therapeutic potential. Conclusion: Though incorporating curcumin into nanocurcumin form may be a viable method for overcoming its intrinsic limitations, and there are reasonable concerns regarding its toxicological safety once it enters biological pathways. This review article mainly highlights the therapeutic benefits of nanocurcumin over curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
- PRISAL Foundation (Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), Bhopa l462026, India;
| | - Pooja Tagde
- Practice of Medicine Department, Government Homeopathy College, Bhopa l462016, India;
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Sandeep Tagde
- PRISAL Foundation (Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), Bhopa l462026, India;
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Medical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ibtesam S. Alanazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mousa O. Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanan R. H. Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Mardi M. Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Z. Nasrullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Natalia Kot
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Life Science in Lublin, 28 Gleboka Street, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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14
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Elmi T, Ardestani MS, Hajialiani F, Motevalian M, Mohamadi M, Sadeghi S, Zamani Z, Tabatabaie F. Novel Chloroquine Loaded Curcumin Based Anionic Linear Globular Dendrimer G2: A metabolomics study on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro using 1H NMR spectroscopy CORRIGENDUM - CORRIGENDUM. Parasitology 2021; 148:1715. [PMID: 34425930 PMCID: PMC11010045 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Patra S, Singh M, Wasnik K, Pareek D, Gupta PS, Mukherjee S, Paik P. Polymeric Nanoparticle Based Diagnosis and Nanomedicine for Treatment and Development of Vaccines for Cerebral Malaria: A Review on Recent Advancement. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7342-7365. [PMID: 35006689 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral malaria occurs due to Plasmodium falciparum infection, which causes 228 million infections and 450,000 deaths worldwide every year. African people are mostly affected with nearly 91% cases, of which 86% are pregnant women and infants. India and Brazil are the other two countries severely suffering from malaria endemicity. Commonly used drugs have severe side effects, and unfortunately no suitable vaccine is available in the market today. In this line, this review is focused on polymeric nanomaterials and nanocapsules that can be used for the development of effective diagnostic strategies, nanomedicines, and vaccines in the management of cerebral malaria. Further, this review will help scientists and medical professionals by updating the status on the development stages of polymeric nanoparticle based diagnostics, nanomedicines, and vaccines and strategies to eradicate cerebral malaria. In addition to this, the predominant focus of this review is antimalarial agents based on polymer nanomedicines that are currently in the preclinical and clinical trial stages, and potential developments are suggested as well. This review further will have an important social and commercial impact worldwide for the development of polymeric nanomedicines and strategies for the treatment of cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Monika Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
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16
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Kyriakoudi A, Spanidi E, Mourtzinos I, Gardikis K. Innovative Delivery Systems Loaded with Plant Bioactive Ingredients: Formulation Approaches and Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1238. [PMID: 34207139 PMCID: PMC8234206 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants constitute a rich source of diverse classes of valuable phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids) with proven biological activity (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, etc.). However, factors such as low stability, poor solubility and bioavailability limit their food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications. In this regard, a wide range of delivery systems have been developed to increase the stability of plant-derived bioactive compounds upon processing, storage or under gastrointestinal digestion conditions, to enhance their solubility, to mask undesirable flavors as well as to efficiently deliver them to the target tissues where they can exert their biological activity and promote human health. In the present review, the latest advances regarding the design of innovative delivery systems for pure plant bioactive compounds, extracts or essential oils, in order to overcome the above-mentioned challenges, are presented. Moreover, a broad spectrum of applications along with future trends are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kyriakoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (I.M.)
| | - Eleni Spanidi
- APIVITA SA, Industrial Park, Markopoulo, 19003 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Mourtzinos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (I.M.)
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17
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Folliero V, Zannella C, Chianese A, Stelitano D, Ambrosino A, De Filippis A, Galdiero M, Franci G, Galdiero M. Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:343. [PMID: 33808016 PMCID: PMC7998910 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Debora Stelitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (V.F.); (C.Z.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
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In Vitro Antiprotozoal Effects of Nano-chitosan on Plasmodium falciparum, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:39-52. [PMID: 32666158 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of parasitic infections with conventional drugs is associated with high toxicity, and undesirable side effects require cogent substitutions. Nanotechnology has provided novel approaches to synthesize nano-drugs to improve efficient antipathetic treatment. PURPOSE Nano-chitosan as a nontoxic antimicrobial agent was examined against three most prevalent protozoa in humans, Plasmodium falciparum, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis. METHODS Chitosan extracted from Penicillium fungi was converted to nanoparticles to maximize its therapeutic properties. Safety of nano-chitosan was examined by determining its hemolytic property and toxicity on PC12 cells. The studied parasites were identified with RFLP-PCR and cultivation in relevant media. Characteristics of nano-chitosan as an useful and valuable curative compound was evaluated by FTIR, DLS and SEM. Dose dependent anti-parasitic effect of nano-chitosan was evaluated. RESULTS The highest anti-parasitic activity of the nano-chitosan was observed at 50 μg/mL by which growth rates of cultivated P. falciparum, T. vaginalis and G. lamblia were inhibited by 59.5%, 99.4%, and 31.3%, respectively. The study demonstrated that nano-chitosan with the least toxicity, low side effects, and substantial efficacy deserved to be considered as an anti-parasitic nano-compound. CONCLUSION Nano-chitosan significantly inhibited protozoan growth in vitro promising to explore its use to combat parasitic infections. Further investigations covering extended sample size, in vivo experiments and optimizing the concentration used may lead to efficient treatment of protozoan diseases.
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Panzarini E, Mariano S, Tacconi S, Carata E, Tata AM, Dini L. Novel Therapeutic Delivery of Nanocurcumin in Central Nervous System Related Disorders. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010002. [PMID: 33374979 PMCID: PMC7822042 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals represent complementary or alternative beneficial products to the expensive and high-tech therapeutic tools in modern medicine. Nowadays, their medical or health benefits in preventing or treating different types of diseases is widely accepted, due to fewer side effects than synthetic drugs, improved bioavailability and long half-life. Among herbal and natural compounds, curcumin is a very attractive herbal supplement considering its multipurpose properties. The potential effects of curcumin on glia cells and its therapeutic and protective properties in central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders is relevant. However, curcumin is unstable and easily degraded or metabolized into other forms posing limits to its clinical development. This is particularly important in brain pathologies determined blood brain barrier (BBB) obstacle. To enhance the stability and bioavailability of curcumin, many studies focused on the design and development of curcumin nanodelivery systems (nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, and diverse nanocarriers). These nanoconstructs can increase curcumin stability, solubility, in vivo uptake, bioactivity and safety. Recently, several studies have reported on a curcumin exosome-based delivery system, showing great therapeutical potential. The present work aims to review the current available data in improving bioactivity of curcumin in treatment or prevention of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Panzarini
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefania Mariano
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Stefano Tacconi
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Carata
- Departament of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Departament of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciana Dini
- Departament of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- CNR Nanotec, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence:
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