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Karami M, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Rostami-Mansour S, Shirafkan H. Prevalence of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in the General Population and Uveitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:1003-1016. [PMID: 37043543 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2190801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in the general population and patients with uveitis. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched and 130 studies for evaluating the prevalence of OT among the general population and uveitis patients were included. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of OT among the general population was estimated at 2% (95% CI, 2-3%; 762/486 051). The highest prevalence rate was observed in America 6% (95% CI, 1-11%). In uveitis patients, a prevalence rate of 9% (95% CI, 8-10%; 5668/88 006) was reported. The countries with a lower middle income had higher prevalence rates. The prevalence of OT in posterior uveitis 33% (95%CI, 24-42%) was substantially higher than in panuveitis 7% (95% CI, 5-8%). CONCLUSION Our results provide a new perspective on the prevalence of OT. Knowledge of international and regional patterns of disease is essential for the establishment of precise diagnostic protocols and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Gorgani-Firouzjaee
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Rostami-Mansour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hoda Shirafkan
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Centre, Research Institute for Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Fernández Zamora Y, Marinho PM, Dias JRO, Cabral T, Casoy J, Muccioli C, Nascimento H, Belfort R. Long-Term Low-Dose Pyrimethamine Use for the Prevention of Ocular Toxoplasmosis Recurrences: A Cohort Study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38441575 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2321270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the effect of long-term, low-dose pyrimethamine for the prevention of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) recurrences. METHODS Sixty-three consecutive patients with inactive ocular toxoplasmosis and positive toxoplasma IgG serology were included. Pyrimethamine (25 mg) + folinic acid (15 mg) were administered every other day (three times weekly) for 12 months. Eighteen patients received the treatment for an additional six months as part of an extension study. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients (60.3%, n = 63) were female; 38 (60.3%) had a previous history of recurrence and 37 (58.7%) had active OT within the preceding 12 months. Three (4.8%) patients had unilateral recurrences at 8, 12 and 18 months after starting intermittent pyrimethamine treatment. Five patients (7.9%) were discontinued due to hematological, renal and hepatic changes. Treatment was considered successful in 42 patients (84%). CONCLUSION Long-term, low-dose pyrimethamine can be considered as a treatment option for the prevention of ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence in selected patients, with only a few, mild and reversible systemic adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuslay Fernández Zamora
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula M Marinho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPEPO - Vision Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Rafael Oliveira Dias
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cabral
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPEPO - Vision Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Muccioli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Nascimento
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPEPO - Vision Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPEPO - Vision Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sofia O, Amalia M, Thomassawa H, Fitri LE, Prayitnaningsih S, Susianti H. The Decreased Treg Cells Number Associated with Retinal Lesion Size in Ocular Toxoplasmosis. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2024; 2024:3495376. [PMID: 38314317 PMCID: PMC10830908 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3495376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The imbalance of the immune response is an important factor contributing to the incidence of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT). Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a key role in maintaining the balance between Th1 and Th17 immune responses, while interleukin-27 (IL-27) levels are related to the differentiation of Th17 cells. This study analyzes the differences in the number of Treg cells and the level of IL-27 between OT patients and seropositive individuals without ocular lesions and its correlation with retinal lesion size. Methods This analytic observational study, conducted for 8 months, involved 11 OT patients and 10 seropositive individuals without ocular lesions. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. Retinal lesions were documented by fundus photographs and the size was measured using Digimizer 4.2.2.0 software. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed to measure the number of Treg cells using flow cytometry and interleukin-27 levels were assessed using the Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Result The number of Treg cells in the OT group (47.16 ± 15.66%) was lower than in the seropositive group without the ocular lesions (62.86 ± 17.08%) (p = 0.029). The serum IL-27 levels in the OT group were not significantly different from the seropositive group without the ocular lesions (p = 0.360). The number of Treg cells was significantly related to retinal lesion size (p = 0.043), with a correlation coefficient of -0.648, indicating a strong and inverse correlation. There was no significant correlation between serum IL-27 levels and retinal lesion size (p = 0.556). Conclusion Ocular toxoplasmosis patients have a low number of Treg cells that are inversely related to the retinal lesion size. The size of the retinal lesion increases as the number of Treg cells decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovi Sofia
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muna Amalia
- Residency Training Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Herryanto Thomassawa
- Residency Training Program, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Department of Clinical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Seskoati Prayitnaningsih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hani Susianti
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
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Araujo WMR, Ayo CM, Previato M, de Faria GM, Frederico FB, Siqueira RC, de Almeida GC, Pereira-Chioccola VL, de Mattos LC, Brandão CC. Role of interleukin 1β and interleukin 10 variants on ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazilian individuals. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1183167. [PMID: 38983057 PMCID: PMC11182258 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1183167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is an intraocular inflammation caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection that affects the retina and choroid, giving rise to posterior uveitis. Genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes may exert influence in the expression of these molecules and play a significant role in inflammatory responses and susceptibility to OT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polymorphisms rs16944 (-511 C > T) of the interleukin (IL) 1β gene and rs1800896 (-1082 G > A) of the IL10 gene on OT in Brazilian individuals with a serologic diagnosis of T. gondii and after conducting fundoscopic exams. Methods Participants with a positive serology were classified into two distinct groups according to the presence (G1; n = 110) or absence (G2; n = 104) of OT. The control group (G3) consisted of individuals without the infection (n = 108). Results It was observed that the C/C genotype of the IL1β gene polymorphism was a protective factor for OT (p = 0.02, OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.78 for G1 vs. G2; p = 0.03; OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.82 for G1 vs. G3), according to the recessive inheritance model. Conclusions The -511C.T polymorphisms of the IL1β gene seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of OT in Brazilian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warlen Miiller Rocha Araujo
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane Maria Ayo
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Previato
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina, Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina (HB-FUNFARME), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Magela de Faria
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina, Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina (HB-FUNFARME), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gildásio Castello de Almeida
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina, Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina (HB-FUNFARME), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Perce-da-Silva DDS, Joaquim TE, Aleixo ALQDC, Motta JPR, Lima-Junior JDC, Ribeiro-Alves M, de Oliveira-Ferreira J, Porto LCDMS, Banic DM, Amendoeira MRR. Influence of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors genes on the recurrence rate of ocular toxoplasmosis in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220203. [PMID: 37018796 PMCID: PMC10065411 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence is a hallmark of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), and conditions that influence its occurrence remain a challenge. Natural killer cells (NK) are effectors cells whose primary is cytotoxic function against many parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii. Among the NK cell receptors, immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) deserve attention due to their high polymorphism. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the influence of KIR gene polymorphism in the course of OT infection and its association with recurrences after an active episode. METHODS Ninety-six patients from the Ophthalmologic Clinic of the National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas were followed for up to five years. After DNA extraction, genotyping of the patients was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) utilising Luminex equipment for reading. During follow-up, 60.4% had a recurrence. FINDINGS We identified 25 KIR genotypes and found a higher frequency of genotype 1 (31.7%) with worldwide distribution. We note that the KIR2DL2 inhibitor gene and the gene activator KIR2DS2 were more frequent in patients without recurrence. Additionally, we observed that individuals who carry these genes progressed recurrence episodes slowly compared to individuals who do not carry these genes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 are associated as possible protection markers against ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence (OTR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana de Souza Perce-da-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Centro Universitário Arthur Sá Earp Neto, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis, Laboratório de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Petrópolis, RJ, Brasil
- + Corresponding authors: /
| | - Thays Euzebio Joaquim
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Luisa Quintella do Couto Aleixo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Oftalmologia Infecciosa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Josué da Costa Lima-Junior
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica HIV/AIDS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Joseli de Oliveira-Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Dalma Maria Banic
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- + Corresponding authors: /
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Nsiangani Lusambo N, Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D, Mumba Ngoyi D, Akilimali Zalagile P, de-la-Torre A. Risk factors for ocular toxoplasmosis among uveitis patients in Kinshasa, DR Congo. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors associated with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) in a cohort of Congolese patients with uveitis.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2020 and July 2021 in two ophthalmic clinics in Kinshasa. Patients with a diagnosis of uveitis were enrolled in the study. Each patient underwent an interview, an ophthalmological examination and serology testing. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for OT.Results212 patients were included in the study with a mean age at presentation of 42.1±15.9 years (limits: 8–74 years) and a sex ratio of 1.1:1. OT concerned 96 patients (45.3%). The age of the patients below 60 years (p=0.001, OR=9.75 CI 95% 2.51 to37.80)), the consumption of cat meat (p=0.01, OR=2.65 CI 95% 1.18 to 5.96)) and undercooked meat (p=0.044, OR=2.30 CI 95% 1.02 to 5.21)) and living in rural area (p=0.021, OR=11.4 (CI 95% 1.45 to 89.84])) were identified as risk factors for OT.ConclusionOT affects more young people. It is associated with dietary habits. Informing and educating the population is necessary to avoid infection.
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de Barros RAM, Torrecilhas AC, Marciano MAM, Mazuz ML, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Fux B. Toxoplasmosis in Human and Animals Around the World. Diagnosis and Perspectives in the One Health Approach. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106432. [PMID: 35390311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a unique health disease that significantly affects the health of humans, domestic animals, wildlife and is present in ecosystems, including water, soil and food. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the best-adapted parasites in the word. This parasite is able to persist for long periods in its hosts, in different geographic regions of the word. This review summarizes the current literature of these themes, focusing on: (1) toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infection; (2) One health approach and toxoplasmosis; (3) human toxoplasmosis; (4) animal toxoplasmosis; (5) toxoplasmosis diagnosis, as immunological, parasitological and molecular diagnosis; (6) T. gondii outbreaks caused by infected meat, milk and dairy products, as well as, vegetables and water consume; (7) studies in experimental models; (8) genetic characterization of T. gondii strains; (9) extracellular vesicles and miRNA; and (10) future perspectives on T. gondii and toxoplasmosis. The vast prevalence of toxoplasmosis in both humans and animals and the dispersion and resistence of T. gondii parasites in environment highlight the importance of the one health approach in diagnostic and control of the disease. Here the different aspects of the one health approach are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Aparecida Müller de Barros
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.; Programa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil..
| | | | - Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz
- Parasitology Division, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israeli Veterinary Service and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Beit Dagan, 5025000, Israel..
| | | | - Blima Fux
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.; Programa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
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Cifuentes-González C, Zapata-Bravo E, Sierra-Cote MC, Boada-Robayo L, Vargas-Largo ÁP, Reyes-Guanes J, de-la-Torre A. Colombian Ocular Infectious Epidemiology Study (COIES): Ocular toxoplasmosis incidence and sociodemographic characterization, 2015–2019. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 117:349-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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De Mattos LC, Ferreira AIC, de Oliveira KY, Nakashima F, Brandão CC. The Potential Contribution of ABO, Lewis and Secretor Histo-Blood Group Carbohydrates in Infection by Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671958. [PMID: 34222043 PMCID: PMC8251793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferases encoded by genes from the human ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group systems synthesize part of the carbohydrate antigens in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. The combined action of these glycosyltransferases strongly influences cell, tissue, mucosa, and exocrine secretion carbohydrate phenotypes, including those serving as habitat for mutualistic and pathogenic microorganisms. A set of reports investigated associations between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the ABO histo-blood group system, but the results are contradictory. As T. gondii uses the gastrointestinal tract as a route for infection, and in this organ, the expression of ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates occurs, it is reasonable to suppose some biological relationship between them. This text reviewed association studies published in recent decades focusing on the potential contribution of the ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates and infection by T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos De Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Iara Costa Ferreira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina Younan de Oliveira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nakashima
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Maia MM, da Cruz AB, Pereira IDS, Taniwaki NN, Namiyama GM, Pereira-Chioccola VL. Characterization of murine extracellular vesicles and Toxoplasma gondii infection. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12869. [PMID: 34028833 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized extracellular vesicles (EVs) of sera from mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii or immunized with EVs derived T gondii. EVs were purified of sera from four groups (5 A/Sn mice/group). EV-IM: Mice immunized with T gondii-released EVs; ACT: mice in acute infection; CHR: mice in chronic infection; and NI: normal mice. EVs were purified by ultracentrifugation. Concentration of serum-derived EVs from NI group was smaller than EV-IM, ACT and CHR groups. Most of the EVs from ACT and CHR groups were microvesicles, and they were bigger than the NI group. The same results were shown by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The presence of exosomes was shown in immunoblotting by tetraspanin (CD63 and CD9) evidence. Splenocytes of EV-IM, CHR and NI groups were stimulated with T. gondii derived EVs. EV-IM and CHR groups up-expressed IFN-γ; TNF-α and IL-17, when compared with the NI group. IL-10 was up-expressed only in the EV-IM group. EV-IM, ACT and CHR groups expressed more miR-155-5p, miR-29c-3p and miR-125b-5p than the NI group. Host-T gondii interaction can occur, also, via EVs. miRNAs participate in the modulation of cellular immune response against T gondii. These data give subsidies to propose the differentiation between infect or noninfect hosts by concentration of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marques Maia
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gómez-Marín JE, Muñoz-Ortiz J, Mejía-Oquendo M, Arteaga-Rivera JY, Rivera-Valdivia N, Bohórquez-Granados MC, Velasco-Velásquez S, Castaño-de-la-Torre G, Acosta-Dávila JA, García-López LL, Torres-Morales E, Vargas M, Valencia JD, Celis-Giraldo D, de-la-Torre A. High frequency of ocular toxoplasmosis in Quindío, Colombia and risk factors related to the infection. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06659. [PMID: 33898813 PMCID: PMC8056222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of retinochoroidal lesions by ocular toxoplasmosis and their relationships with risk factors, in residents of two districts with high exposure to Toxoplasma, in Armenia-Quindío, Colombia. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of fundoscopy screening, serological tests, and questionnaires were performed to determine risk factors associated with ocular toxoplasmosis retinochoroidal lesions. Differences in proportions were analyzed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS Of 161 individuals examined, 17 (10.5%) exhibited retinochoroidal scars suggestive of old inactive Toxoplasma gondii infection. All 17 individuals were seropositive for T. gondii antibodies. Consumption of bottled water was protective against T. gondii infection among individuals in this study. There were no specific epidemiological risk factors associated with ocular toxoplasmosis retinochoroidal lesions. CONCLUSION Ocular toxoplasmosis is an important cause of visual impairment in Armenia-Quindío, Colombia. The consumption of boiled or bottled water is a major preventive public health measure to reduce infection by T. gondii and the subsequent onset of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Carrera 15 #12N, Colombia
| | - Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación Escuela Barraquer, Escuela Superior de Oftalmología del Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá, Avenida Calle 100 No. 18A - 51, Colombia
| | - Manuela Mejía-Oquendo
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Carrera 15 #12N, Colombia
| | - José Y Arteaga-Rivera
- Grupo de Investigación Escuela Barraquer, Escuela Superior de Oftalmología del Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá, Avenida Calle 100 No. 18A - 51, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Rivera-Valdivia
- Grupo de Investigación Escuela Barraquer, Escuela Superior de Oftalmología del Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá, Avenida Calle 100 No. 18A - 51, Colombia
| | - María Cristina Bohórquez-Granados
- Grupo de Investigación Escuela Barraquer, Escuela Superior de Oftalmología del Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá, Avenida Calle 100 No. 18A - 51, Colombia
| | - Stefany Velasco-Velásquez
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Carrera 15 #12N, Colombia
| | | | | | - Laura Lorena García-López
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Carrera 15 #12N, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Torres-Morales
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Carrera 15 #12N, Colombia
| | - Mónica Vargas
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Carrera 15 #12N, Colombia
| | - Juan David Valencia
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Carrera 15 #12N, Colombia
| | - Daniel Celis-Giraldo
- Grupo GEPAMOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Carrera 15 #12N, Colombia
| | - Alejandra de-la-Torre
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias NeURos, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, Carrera 24 #63C-69, Colombia
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12
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Maia MM, da Cruz AB, Taniwaki NN, Namiyama GM, Gava R, Gomes AHS, Kanamura CT, Barbo MLP, Pereira-Chioccola VL. Immunization with extracellular vesicles excreted by Toxoplasma gondii confers protection in murine infection, activating cellular and humoral responses. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:559-569. [PMID: 33713649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to analyze whether microvesicles and exosomes, named extracellular vesicles (EVs), purified from Toxoplasma gondii are able to stimulate the protective immunity of experimental mice when administered, as challenge, a highly virulent strain. EVs excreted from T. gondii tachyzoites (RH strain) were purified by chromatography and used for immunization assays in inbred mouse groups (EV-IM). Chronic infected (CHR) and naive (NI) mice were used as control groups, since the immune response is well known. After immunizations, experimental groups were challenged with 100 tachyzoites. Next, parasitemias were determined by real-time PCR (qPCR), and survival levels were evaluated daily. The humoral response was analyzed by detection of IgM, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a, and opsonization experiments. The cellular response was evaluated in situ by immunohistochemistry on IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-17 expression in cells of five organs (brain, heart, liver, spleen and skeletal muscles). EV immunization reduced parasitemia and increased the survival index in two mouse lineages (A/Sn and BALB/c) infected with a lethal T. gondii strain. EV-IM mice had higher IgG1 levels than IgM or IgG2a. IgGs purified from sera of EV-IM mice were able to opsonize tachyzoites (RH strain), and mice that received these parasites had lower parasitemias, and mortality was delayed 48 h, compared with the same results from those receiving parasites opsonized with IgG purified from NI mice. Brain and spleen cells from EV-IM mice more highly expressed IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF-α. In conclusion, EV-immunization was capable of inducing immune protection, eliciting high production of IgG1, IFN-γ, IL-10 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marques Maia
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Gava
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lourdes Peris Barbo
- Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abraham EG, Moses AE, Motilewa USOO, Uwah AI, Itina EI, Umoh AN. Ocular Toxoplasmosis among Livestock Farmers and Raw Meat Handlers in Uyo, Nigeria. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:257-266. [PMID: 34158777 PMCID: PMC8188092 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is the commonest cause of infectious posterior uveitis in humans and can lead to blindness and low vision in both immune-competent and immunecompromised persons worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Ocular Toxoplasmosis (OT) and potential risk factors among livestock farmers and raw meat handlers in Uyo. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional community-based study involving clinical eye examination, laboratory detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody and HIV testing. Participants' other information was obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS There were 339 participants aged 15-78 (mean 34.8±11.6) years,283 (83.5%) were males 56(16.5%) were females; 189 (55.8%) tested seropositive for anti-Toxo. gondiiIgG antibodies. Eight (2.4%) had presumed ocular toxoplasmosis (POT); 6 of the 8 were seropositive for anti-T.gondiiIgG antibody; and 2 of the 8 POT (25%) were HIV-seropositive. Of the 189 who were anti-T.gondiiIgG antibody seropositive, 6 (3.2%) had OT. Factors associated with OT were age (31-50 years) and female gender (P = 0.049 and 0.001, respectively). HIV infection was associated with POT (P=0.033). Most of the ocular lesions (87.5%) were unilateral and located at the posterior pole (77.7%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of presumed ocular toxoplasmosis (POT) and ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) among livestock farmers and raw meat handlers in Uyo are 2.4% and 1.8%, respectively. Potential risk factors are being female, and persons between fourth and fifth decades of life. Awareness creation on toxoplasmosis among this occupational group is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emem Godwin Abraham
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Eme Iwat Itina
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Anthony N Umoh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria
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Velasco-Velásquez S, Celis-Giraldo D, Botero Hincapié A, Alejandro Hincapie Erira D, Sofia Cordero López S, Marulanda Orozco N, Enrique Gómez-Marín J. Clinical, Socio-economic and Environmental Factors Related with Recurrences in Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Quindío, Colombia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020; 28:258-264. [PMID: 33115293 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1839509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors associated with recurrences in ocular toxoplasmosis (OT). METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical records of patients who consulted in the Health Centre at Universidad del Quindío between 2004 and 2017. Patients with retinochoroiditis due to Toxoplasma gondii infection and follow up >12 months were included. Comparisons were made with a recurrence index adjusted for months of follow up. For the statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed in Epi Info 7.2 and SPSS 14.0. A statistical significance is shown if p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS A total of 58 patients were included, with median age of 28 years (range 1-61) and 55.1% were women. The median of recurrences was 1.4 (range 0.6-16.6). High recurrence index was present in 43.1% of the patients. A higher size of lesions was observed in low socioeconomic groups (p = .016) and patients with congenital infection had more bilateral compromise (p = .002). Intake of boiled water was related to a lower recurrence index (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS Low socioeconomic level was associated with bigger lesions and congenital infection was related with higher frequency of bilateral OT. Finally, intake of boiled water is related to a lower recurrence index of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Velasco-Velásquez
- Group of Studies on Molecular Parasitology (GEPAMOL), Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Daniel Celis-Giraldo
- Group of Studies on Molecular Parasitology (GEPAMOL), Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Andrea Botero Hincapié
- Group of Studies on Molecular Parasitology (GEPAMOL), Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Diego Alejandro Hincapie Erira
- Group of Studies on Molecular Parasitology (GEPAMOL), Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Sara Sofia Cordero López
- Group of Studies on Molecular Parasitology (GEPAMOL), Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Marulanda Orozco
- Group of Studies on Molecular Parasitology (GEPAMOL), Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín
- Group of Studies on Molecular Parasitology (GEPAMOL), Center of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
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15
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Nsiangani-Lusambo N, Reyes-Guanes J, Uribe-Reina P, Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo D, Mumba Ngoyi D, de-la-Torre A. Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Africa: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 30:342-347. [PMID: 32976046 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1801761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present a narrative review about ocular toxoplasmosis epidemiology, disease burden and prevalent African parasitic strains. METHODS An initial search for MeSH terms was conducted with a posterior advanced search in two electronic databases. Full text reading was performed. RESULTS Animal African studies have identified Toxoplasma gondii type II, type III, Africa 1, and Africa 3 strains. Seroprevalence varies from 6.4% to 74.5%. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of epidemiology and serotyping information about ocular toxoplasmosis. African studies have demonstrated that uveitis patients present high frequencies of ocular toxoplasmosis. There is a lack of studies describing specific clinical characteristics, which can be related, to environmental and socioeconomic factors, parasite serotype and genotype, and genetic susceptibility of the host. CONCLUSION As Toxoplasma gondii has more virulent strains in the Southern hemisphere, it is relevant to determine African strain types and the correlation between the infecting strains and the clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nsiangani-Lusambo
- Eye Department, University Clinic, Medical School, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Juliana Reyes-Guanes
- Escuela Superior de Oftalmología del Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia (Neuros), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pilar Uribe-Reina
- Escuela Superior de Oftalmología del Instituto Barraquer de América, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia (Neuros), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dieudonné Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo
- Eye Department, University Clinic, Medical School, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi
- Parasitology Department, University Clinic, Medical School, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Alejandra de-la-Torre
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia (Neuros), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Arshadi M, Akhlaghi L, Meamar AR, Alizadeh Ghavidel L, Nasiri K, Mahami-Oskouei M, Mousavi F, Rampisheh Z, Khanmohammadi M, Razmjou E. Sero-molecular detection, multi-locus genotyping, and clinical manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis in patients in northwest Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 113:195-202. [PMID: 30624725 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to use molecular techniques to verify and characterise clinical diagnoses of ocular toxoplasmosis. Clinical cases were evaluated against IgM and IgG Toxoplasma antibodies, and IgG avidity was tested. B1 gene was assessed for molecular detection, and multi-locus genotyping were conducted to type Toxoplasma infections. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 33 patients with suspected active ocular toxoplasmosis. Patients were examined by an ophthalmologist and clinical manifestations were recorded. Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM from serum samples were analysed by chemiluminescence immunoassay and ELISA. Acute vs chronic infection was evaluated by IgG avidity testing. Molecular diagnosis of T. gondii infection targeted the B1 gene, and the T. gondii genotype was determined by amplification of the GRA6, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB and APICO loci. The correlation of age, gender, occupation, education, contact with cats or soil, and the consumption of undercooked meat with the incidence of ocular toxoplasmosis was evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (84.8%) were seropositive, two (6%) were both IgG and IgM positive, while one (3%) showed IgG avidity <40%. Molecular testing confirmed toxoplasmosis in 27 patients (81.8%). Chorioretinal scarring (p=0.014) and posterior uveitis (p=0.004) was significantly associated with ocular toxoplasmosis patients. Multi-locus genotyping showed genotype I. Ocular toxoplasmosis showed no significant correlation with gender, age, behaviours, occupation or education. CONCLUSION Clinical manifestations, serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma were highly correlated in the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. Genotype I was predominant in ocular toxoplasmosis in northwest Iran. A larger comparative study should be conducted to provide a broader view of the molecular epidemiology of T. gondii genotypes and its role in toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Arshadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lame Akhlaghi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Meamar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Alizadeh Ghavidel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamal Nasiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahami-Oskouei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farideh Mousavi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rampisheh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khanmohammadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Razmjou
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Ferreira AIC, Brandão de Mattos CC, Frederico FB, Bernardo CR, de Almeida Junior GC, Siqueira RC, Meira-Strejevitch CS, Pereira-Chioccola VL, de Mattos LC. Duffy blood group system and ocular toxoplasmosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104430. [PMID: 32565360 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Duffy blood group phenotypes [Fy(a + b-), Fy(a-b+), Fy(a + b+), Fy(a-b-)], characterized by the expression of Fya, and Fyb antigens, are present in red blood cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that the non-hematopoietic expression of these antigens might influence cell invasion by T. gondii. 576 consecutive patients from both genders were enrolled. The presumed OT clinical diagnosis was performed. Duffy phenotyping was performed by hemagglutination in gel columns and for the correct molecular characterization Fy(a-b-) phenotype, using PCR-RFLP. Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA. Chi-square, Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the proportions. OT was present in 22.9% (n = 132) and absent in 77.1% (n = 444) of patients. The frequencies of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were higher in OT (127/132, 96.2%) than those without this disease (321/444, 72.3%) (p < .0001). None of the Duffy antigens or phenotypes were associated with T. gondii infection (χ2: 2.222, GL: 3, p = .5276) as well as the risk of OT (χ2: 0.771, GL: 3, p = .8566). Duffy blood group system phenotypes and their antigens do not constitute risk factors for infection by T. gondii infection and the development of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Iara Costa Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Roraima. Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic of Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Human extracellular vesicles and correlation with two clinical forms of toxoplasmosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229602. [PMID: 32126572 PMCID: PMC7054008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study analyzed microvesicles and exosomes, called as extracellular vesicles (EVs) excreted in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with cerebral or gestational toxoplasmosis. Methods Clinical samples from 83 individuals were divided into four groups. Group I, 20 sera from healthy individuals and pregnant women (seronegative for toxoplasmosis); group II, 21 sera from seropositive patients for toxoplasmosis (cerebral or gestational forms); group III, 26 CSF samples from patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis/HIV co-infection (CT/HIV) (seropositive for toxoplasmosis); and group IV, 16 CSF samples from seronegative patients for toxoplasmosis, but with HIV infection and other opportunistic infections (OI/HIV). Serum and CSF samples were ultracentrifuged to recover EVs. Next, vesicle size and concentration were characterized by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). Results Concentrations of serum-derived EVs from toxoplasmosis patients (mean: 2.4 x 1010 EVs/mL) were statically higher than of non-infected individuals (mean: 5.9 x 109 EVs/mL). Concentrations of CSF-derived EVs were almost similar in both groups. CT/HIV (mean: 2.9 x 109 EVs/mL) and OI/HIV (mean: 4.8 x 109 EVs/mL). Analyses by NTA confirmed that CSF-derived EVs and serum-derived EVs had size and shape similar to microvesicles and exosomes. The mean size of EVs was similar in serum and CSF. Thus, the concentration, and not size was able distinguish patients with toxoplasmosis than healthy individuals. Presence of exosomes was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and evidence of tetraspanins CD63 and CD9 in immunoblotting. Relative expressions of miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-29c-3p and miR-125b-5p were estimated in exosomal miRNA extracted of EVs. Serum-derived EVs from group II (cerebral and gestational toxoplasmosis) up-expressed miR-125b-5p and miR-146a-5p. CSF-derived EVs from CT/HIV patients) up-expressed miR-155-5p and miR-21-5p and were unable to express miR-29c-3p. Conclusion These data suggest the participation of EVs and exosomal miRNAs in unbalance of immune response as elevation of TNF-α, IL-6; and downregulation of IFN-γ in cerebral and gestational forms of toxoplasmosis.
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19
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Murata FHA, Previato M, Frederico FB, Barbosa AP, Nakashima F, de Faria GM, Silveira Carvalho AP, Meira Strejevitch CDS, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Castiglioni L, de Mattos LC, Siqueira RC, Brandão de Mattos CC. Evaluation of Serological and Molecular Tests Used for the Identification of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Patients Treated in an Ophthalmology Clinic of a Public Health Service in São Paulo State, Brazil. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:472. [PMID: 32117820 PMCID: PMC7019025 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular toxoplasmosis is one of the most common complications caused by the infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The risk of developing eye lesions and impaired vision is considered higher in Brazil than other countries. The clinical diagnosis is difficult and the use of sensitive and specific laboratorial methods can aid to the correct diagnosis of this infection. We compared serological methods ELISA and ELFA, and molecular cPCR, Nested PCR and qPCR for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection in groups of patients clinically evaluated with ocular diseases non-toxoplasma related (G1 = 185) and with lesions caused by toxoplasmosis (G2 = 164) in an Ophthalmology clinic in Brazil. Results were compared by the Kappa index, and sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative (NPV) were calculated. Serologic methods were in agreement with ELISA more sensitive and ELFA more specific to characterize the acute and chronic infections while molecular methods were discrepant where qPCR presented higher sensitivity, however, lower specificity when compared to cPCR and Nested PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Previato
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Ambulatório de Oftalmologia Do Hospital de Base, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pires Barbosa
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia Do Hospital de Base, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nakashima
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Magela de Faria
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Fungos Do Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Castiglioni
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
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20
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Meira-Strejevitch CS, Pereira IDS, Hippólito DDC, Maia MM, Cruz AB, Gava R, Brandão de Mattos CC, Frederico FB, Siqueira RC, Mattos LC, Pereira-Chioccola VL. Ocular toxoplasmosis associated with up-regulation of miR-155-5p/miR-29c-3p and down-regulation of miR-21-5p/miR-125b-5p. Cytokine 2020; 127:154990. [PMID: 31945658 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.154990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is one of the most common manifestations of Toxoplasma gondii infection and can be related with congenital or acquired infections. OT cause posterior uveitis that cause serious sequelae as complete loss of vision. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which have regulatory roles in cells by silencing messenger RNA. This study evaluated gene expression of miR-155-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-29c-3p and miR-125b-5p in plasma of 51 patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT Group), 26 individuals with asymptomatic toxoplasmosis (AT Group), and 25 healthy individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis (NC Group). Peripherical blood samples were collected in tube with EDTA for plasma isolation, laboratorial diagnosis for toxoplasmosis and RNA extraction. miRNA expression of each sample was performed by qPCR and values were expressed in Relative Quantification (RQ). Results showed that miR-155-5p and miR-29c-3p were up-expressed in OT patients than AT individuals. On the other hand, miR-21-5p and miR-125b-5p were down-expressed in OT patients. Differences were statistically significant. miR-146a-5p expression was similar in OT patients and AT individuals, without significant difference. In addition, comparative analysis for miRNA levels between AT and OT groups confirms these results. So far, this is the first study to evaluate circulating miRNA levels in ocular toxoplasmosis. These findings may contribute to further studies evaluating the exact role of these miRNAs in the course of infection, which may help in understanding the complex parasite-host interaction and future use in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic control in ocular toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Marques Maia
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Ricardo Gava
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Carlos Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
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Kosec G, Hacin B, Sansom PG, Weaver G, Dewhurst E, Carter JW. Prevalence of antibody seroconversion to Toxoplasma gondii in uveitis and non-uveitis dogs. Vet Rec Open 2019; 6:e000318. [PMID: 31205724 PMCID: PMC6541104 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2018-000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of seroconversion to Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with uveitis and dogs without uveitis. Methods In total, 135 dogs were evaluated: 51 dogs were diagnosed with uveitis, and 84 dogs were without uveitis. Latex agglutination tests were performed on all sera, and the results were evaluated. Results Overall, 7.8 and 6.0 per cent of sera were positive for the presence of anti-T gondii antibodies (dilution ≥1:64) in the groups with uveitis and non-uveitis dogs, respectively. The frequency distribution of variables (positive and negative results in the uveitis and the non-uveitis group of dogs) was tested with Fisher’s exact test. There was no statistically significant difference between groups (P=0.73). Clinical significance These findings suggest that evidence of exposure to T gondii was not significantly different between uveitis and non-uveitis groups of dogs and that the possible association between exposure to T gondii and canine uveitis requires further investigation. This study is the first to report the seroprevalence of anti-T gondii antibodies in dogs in the UK population and the first to report the seroprevalence of anti-T gondii antibodies in dogs with uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Kosec
- Ophthalmology, South Devon Veterinary Hospital, Abbotskerswell, UK
| | - Biljana Hacin
- Veterinary Faculty, National Veterinary Institute, University of Ljubljana, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Philip G Sansom
- Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter College of Engineering, Exeter, UK
| | - Gereth Weaver
- Microbiology, Axiom Veterinary Laboratories, Newton Abbot, UK
| | - Emma Dewhurst
- Clinical Pathologists Consultant, IDEXX Laboratories, Wetherby, UK
| | - James W Carter
- Ophthalmology, South Devon Veterinary Hospital, Abbotskerswell, UK
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Nakashima F, Brandão de Mattos CC, Ferreira AIC, Spergiorin LCJF, Meira-Strejevitch CS, Oliani AH, Vaz-Oliani DCM, Pereira-Chioccola VL, de Mattos LC. FUT3 and FUT2 genotyping and glycoconjugate profile Lewis b as a protective factor to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Acta Trop 2019; 193:92-98. [PMID: 30831115 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the ABO, FUT2 and FUT3 genes results in the synthesis of different glycoconjugates profiles expressed in gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis, utilizes this organ as an infection route. We analyzed the frequencies of the different glycoconjugate profiles which were determined by phenotyping ABO and genotyping the status secretor (FUT2; substitution G428A) and Lewis (FUT3; substitution T202C and C314T) histo-blood systems, assessed by PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP, respectively. A total of 244 pregnant women (G1: Seropositive; G2: Seronegative) for IgG T. gondii antibodies were enrolled. IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were determined by ELISA. G1 was composed of 158 (64.8%) sample and G2 by 86 (36.2%). The glycoconjugate profile was accessed in 151 seropositive and 85 seronegative samples by the combination of ABO and Lewis phenotyping as well as FUT2 and FUT3 genotyping. In G1, 36 (22.8%) presented the glycoconjugate profile ALeb, 5 (3.3%) A, 13 (8.6) BLeb, 1 (0.6%) B, 41 (27.1%) Leb, 13(8.6%) H, 38(25.2%) Lea and 4 (2.6%) Lec. G2 was composed of 13 (15.3%) of ALeb, 15 (17.6%) BLeb, 1 (1.2%) B, 42 (49,4%) Leb and 14 (16.5) Lea. H and Lec glycoconjugate profiles were not found in G2. The frequencies of the glycoconjugates profiles Leb (p = 0.001) and H (p = 0.005) were significantly different compared between G1 and G2. The glycoconjugate profile H inferred from the ABO phenotyping and FUT3 and FUT2 genotyping is associated with infection by T. gondii in pregnant women and the Leb profile appears to protect the infection by this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Nakashima
- Biology Department, Bioscience, Languages and Exact Sciences Institute of the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Brazil.
| | - Ana Iara Costa Ferreira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lígia Cosentino Junqueira Franco Spergiorin
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Brazil.
| | | | - Antonio Hélio Oliani
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Denise Cristina Mós Vaz-Oliani
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Brazil.
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23
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Zhang Y, Lin X, Lu F. Current treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients: a network meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2018; 185:52-62. [PMID: 29704469 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most frequent form of infectious posterior uveitis caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. To evaluate the available evidence in peer-reviewed publications about the most effective therapy for OT in immunocompetent patients, herein a systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) database from January 1987 to October 2017, with search terms "OT", "retinochoroiditis", "treatment", and "immunocompetent"; search filters "controlled clinical trial", "randomized clinical trial", and "clinical trial". The included studies were performed to evaluate the various treatment modalities of OT. Different treatment regimens were compared with regard to the improvement of visual acuity, the resolution of vitreous inflammation, recurrence, and side-effects. We independently extracted data and assessed eligibility and risk of bias using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis, and resolved any disagreement through discussion. A Bayesian network meta-analysis model was used to evaluate the interesting outcomes of all the interventions. Total 10 trials of treatments for OT were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Six trials of treatments including clindamycin, azithromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) were compared with conventional therapy (the combination of pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and corticosteroids) for evaluation of the effect on visual acuity, vitreous inflammation, recurrence of OT, and side-effects. Two trials were compared TMP-SMX with placebo. One trial was compared azithromycin with TMP-SMX. And another trial was compared among treatments with clindamycin, P-S, TMP-SMX, and placebo. Based on our network meta-analysis, therapy with TMP-SMX seems to be an alternative treatment of OT in immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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24
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Brandão de Mattos CC, Siqueira RC, Frederico FB, Ferreira IMR, Ferreira AIC, Previato M, Pereira-Chioccola VL, de Mattos LC. Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis caused by Toxoplasma gondii strain ToxoDB#65. Acta Trop 2018; 185:419-421. [PMID: 29859747 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ocular toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is the most common cause of inflammation in the back of the eye. Analysis of the infecting strain may provide information regarding disease behavior and recurrence. Here, we describe clinical and epidemiological data for toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in two Brazilian women infected by T. gondii strain ToxoDB#65, living in an urban region of São Paulo State, Brazil.
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25
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CCR5 chemokine receptor gene polymorphisms in ocular toxoplasmosis. Acta Trop 2018; 178:276-280. [PMID: 29221851 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is a chemokine receptor that influences the immune response to infectious and parasitic diseases. This study aimed to determine whether the CCR5Δ32 and CCR5 59029 A/G polymorphisms are associated with the development of ocular toxoplasmosis in humans. Patients with positive serology for Toxoplasma gondii were analyzed and grouped as 'with ocular toxoplasmosis' (G1: n=160) or 'without ocular toxoplasmosis' (G2: n=160). A control group (G3) consisted of 160 individuals with negative serology. The characterization of the CCR5Δ32 and CCR5 59029 A/G polymorphisms was by PCR and by PCR-RFLP, respectively. The difference between the groups with respect to the mean age (G1: mean age: 47.3, SD±19.3, median: 46 [range: 18-95]; G2: mean age: 61.3, SD±13.7, median: 61 [range: 21-87]; G3: mean age: 38.8, SD±17.9, median: 34 [range: 18-80]) was statistically significant (G1 vs.G2: p-value <0.0001; t=7.21; DF=318; G1 vs.G3: p-value <0.0001; t=4.32; DF=318; G2 vs. G3: p-value <0.0001; t=9.62; DF=318). The Nagelkerke r2 value was 0.040. There were statistically significant differences for the CCR5/CCR5 (p-value=0.008; OR=0.261), AA (p-value=0.007; OR=2.974) and AG genotypes (p-value=0.018; OR=2.447) between G1 and G2. Individuals with the CCR5/CCR5 genotype and simultaneously the CCR5-59029 AA or AG genotypes have a greater risk of developing ocular toxoplasmosis (4% greater), which may be associated with a strong and persistent inflammatory response in ocular tissue.
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26
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Hosseini SM, Moghaddas E, Sharifi K, Dadgar Moghaddam M, Shamsian SA. Assessment of ocular toxoplasmosis patients reported at a tertiary center in the northeast of Iran. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 38:2527-2533. [PMID: 29335806 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the single-cell parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is currently the most significant cause of posterior uveitis in the world. No previous studies have described the prevalence and clinical features of ocular toxoplasmosis in the northeast of Iran. The purpose of the current study was to address this gap. METHODS In this retrospective study, the medical records of 488 uveitis patients who presented to the Khatam-al-Anbia Eye Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, a tertiary ophthalmology center in the northeast of Iran, between January 2013 and December 2015 were evaluated. The clinical features and risk factors of 99 (20%) consecutive patients with ocular toxoplasmosis were extracted. RESULTS Ninety-nine including 53 (53.5%) female and 46 (46.5%) male patients with ocular toxoplasmosis were included in the analysis. Reduced vision (77%) and floaters (15.2%) were the most common presenting symptoms. The age category that was most affected by ocular toxoplasmosis was 20-40 years (range: 11-65 years) with a mean age of 27.2. All patients had retinochoroiditis, but just two had anterior uveitis. All of the extracted patients, with the exception of three patients, had unilateral involvement. None of the patients had any other medical disorders with the exception of one woman, who had diabetes. Only four recurring ocular toxoplasmosis patients were referred to the education hospital during the study. Serology data were available for just 32 patients, of which 31 (96.8%) were IgG positive, and 1 (3.2%) was IgM positive. CONCLUSION Toxoplasma gondii was responsible for 20% of the patients of uveitis that presented to the largest ophthalmology center in the northeast of Iran. There is a high incidence of patients of ocular toxoplasmosis in the northeast of Iran, and it is a significant cause of uveitis and visual impairment in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Moghaddas
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Karim Sharifi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Dadgar Moghaddam
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Aliakbar Shamsian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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27
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Maia MM, Meira-Strejevitch CS, Pereira-Chioccola VL, de Hippólito DDC, Silva VO, Brandão de Mattos CC, Frederico FB, Siqueira RC, de Mattos LC. Evaluation of gene expression levels for cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis. Parasite Immunol 2018; 39. [PMID: 28836673 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated levels for mRNA expression of 7 cytokines in ocular toxoplasmosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT Group, n = 23) and chronic toxoplasmosis individuals (CHR Group, n = 9) were isolated and stimulated in vitro with T. gondii antigen. Negative controls (NC) were constituted of 7 PBMC samples from individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis. mRNA expression for cytokines was determined by qPCR. Results showed a significant increase in mRNA levels from antigen stimulated PBMCs derived from OT Group for expressing IL-6 (at P < .005 and P < .0005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively), IL-10 (at P < .0005 and P < .005 for CHR and NC groups, respectively) and TGF-β (at P < .005) for NC group. mRNA levels for TNF-α and IL-12 were also upregulated in patients with OT compared to CHR and NC individuals, although without statistical significance. Additionally, mRNA levels for IL-27 and IFN-γ in PBMC of patients with OT were upregulated in comparison with NC individuals. Differences between OT and NC groups were statistically significant at P < .05 and P < .0005, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Maia
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - D D C de Hippólito
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - V O Silva
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - F B Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - R C Siqueira
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - L C de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Camilo LM, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Gava R, Meira-Strejevitch CDS, Vidal JE, Brandão de Mattos CC, Frederico FB, De Mattos LC, Spegiorin LCJF. Molecular diagnosis of symptomatic toxoplasmosis: a 9-year retrospective and prospective study in a referral laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:638-647. [PMID: 28968510 PMCID: PMC9425505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic forms of toxoplasmosis are a serious public health problem and occur in around 10–20% of the infected people. Aiming to improve the molecular diagnosis of symptomatic toxoplasmosis in Brazilian patients, this study evaluated the performance of real time PCR testing two primer sets (B1 and REP-529) in detecting Toxoplasma gondii DNA. The methodology was assayed in 807 clinical samples with known clinical diagnosis, ELISA, and conventional PCR results in a 9-year period. All samples were from patients with clinical suspicion of several features of toxoplasmosis. According to the minimum detection limit curve (in CT), REP-529 had greater sensitivity to detect T. gondii DNA than B1. Both primer sets were retrospectively evaluated using 515 DNA from different clinical samples. The 122 patients without toxoplasmosis provided high specificity (REP-529, 99.2% and B1, 100%). From the 393 samples with positive ELISA, 146 had clinical diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and positive conventional PCR. REP-529 and B1 sensitivities were 95.9% and 83.6%, respectively. Comparison of REP-529 and B1 performances was further analyzed prospectively in 292 samples. Thus, from a total of 807 DNA analyzed, 217 (26.89%) had positive PCR with, at least one primer set and symptomatic toxoplasmosis confirmed by clinical diagnosis. REP-529 was positive in 97.23%, whereas B1 amplified only 78.80%. After comparing several samples in a Brazilian referral laboratory, this study concluded that REP-529 primer set had better performance than B1 one. These observations were based after using cases with defined clinical diagnosis, ELISA, and conventional PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Muniz Camilo
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Gava
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Ernesto Vidal
- Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM) 49, Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Benitez ADN, Martins FDC, Mareze M, Santos NJR, Ferreira FP, Martins CM, Garcia JL, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Freire RL, Biondo AW, Navarro IT. Spatial and simultaneous representative seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in owners and their domiciled dogs in a major city of southern Brazil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180906. [PMID: 28732033 PMCID: PMC5521765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, has traditionally been considered an important water and foodborne protozoonosis with important public health considerations. Although felids play a well-established role as definitive hosts, canine epidemiological involvement in the parasite's life cycle remains questionable and controversial. The increasing closeness of the human-dog bond, particularly seen in urban settings, has been recognized as a historically unprecedented worldwide movement. Sharing daily lives in the same households, dogs may be exposed to similar associated risks of T. gondii infection as their owners. Thus, epidemiological assessment of the intra-domiciled environment, especially among socio-economically different human populations, may provide novel information regarding the actual role of dogs in animal and human toxoplasmosis. Despite spatial approaches being recently used for other water and foodborne diseases, no study has been conducted on the simultaneous spatial seroprevalence of both human and animal IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in urban areas of major cities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence and associated variables of Toxoplasma infection in owners and their domiciled dogs in Londrina, southern Brazil. Human and canine seroprevalence rates and variables associated with seroprevalence were investigated through representative random sampling among 564 households, which included 597 owners and 729 dogs. Overall, statistically significant differences between the seroprevalence of human and dog anti-T. gondii antibodies were found by Immunofluorescence Antibody Testing in 248/597 (41.54%) owners and 119/729 (16.32%) dogs. Through multiple analysis, significant concomitant variables for seropositivity of household individuals (people and dogs) were determined, including public sewer service, yard cleaning frequency, and having a dirty yard. Although no statistically significant multiple logistic model was observed among owners, univariate analysis detected associations with monthly income, soil contact, and occupation. Among dogs, the absence of other dogs and the absence of a dirty yard were concomitant significantly protective associated factors. Age differences between seropositive and seronegative individuals was significant only for human beings, with the median age of negative individuals significantly higher than positive individuals. Although no spatial clusters were identified for humans or residences, a significant cluster was identified for dogs. In conclusion, characteristics of urban toxoplasmosis may include significantly higher owner seroprevalence than their owned dogs, with canine seroprevalence directly associated with having more dogs and a dirty backyard, and spatial differences in both human and dog exposures. Although not a good indicator for human foodborne diseases, dogs may be a reliable sentinel for environmental infection. Moreover, such a holistic approach may provide crucial information for more focused prevention and monitoring programs, particularly in households with multiple pets and trash-filled backyards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelle Mareze
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Public Health, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Pinto Ferreira
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Public Health, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Marinelli Martins
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Regina Mitsuka-Breganó
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberta Lemos Freire
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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30
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Ferreira MN, Bonini-Domingos CR, Fonseca Estevão I, de Castro Lobo CL, Souza Carrocini GC, Silveira-Carvalho AP, Ricci O, de Mattos LC, Brandão de Mattos CC. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in patients with beta-hemoglobinopathies: the first report in the Americas. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:211. [PMID: 28615064 PMCID: PMC5471967 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Brazil, there have been no previous studies of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sickle cell anemia patients and carriers of severe forms of beta-thalassemia. This study evaluated T. gondii infection in patients with beta-hemoglobinopathies. Methods A total of 158 samples, 77 (48.7%) men and 81 (51.3%) women, were evaluated. Three groups were formed: G1 (85 patients with sickle cell disease); G2 (11 patients with homozygous beta-thalassemia; G3 (62 patients with heterozygous beta-thalassemia). ELISA was employed to identify anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies, and molecular analysis was performed to determine beta-hemoglobin mutations. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare frequencies of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies in respect to gender and age. Results Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 43.5% of individuals in G1, 18.1% in G2 and 50% in G3. All samples from G1 and G2 were seronegative for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies, but 3.2% from G3 were seropositive. Considering anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, no statistical significant differences were found between these groups nor in seroprevalence between genders within each group. Despite this, comparisons of the mean ages between G1, G2 and G3 were statistically significant (G2 vs. G1: p value = 0.0001; G3 vs. G1: p-value <0.0001; G3 vs. G2: p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion A comparison by age of patients with sickle cell anemia showed a trend of lower risk of infection among younger individuals. Therefore, this study demonstrates that T. gondii infection occurs in patients with beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia in Brazil as seen by the presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Neves Ferreira
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-IBILCE-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.,Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Bonini-Domingos
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-IBILCE-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabeth Fonseca Estevão
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-IBILCE-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarice Lopes de Castro Lobo
- Clinical Hematology Division, Instituto de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti-HEMORIO, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisele Cristina Souza Carrocini
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-IBILCE-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Perpétuo Silveira-Carvalho
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Octávio Ricci
- Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.,Regional Blood Center-Hemocentro de São José do Rio Preto-Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15090-000, Brazil. .,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Czech and Slovak populations: the possible role of cat-related injuries and risky sexual behavior in the parasite transmission. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:1351-1362. [PMID: 28183362 DOI: 10.1017/s095026881700019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii infects about one-third of the world's population. The consumption of raw meat, contact with cats, contact with soil, and ingestion of food or water contaminated with soil are considered to be the most important sources of infection. Still in most women who were infected during pregnancy, no definitive source of infection is found. In 2014-2016, independent sources of T. gondii infection were searched for by gathering epidemiological data from 1865 (519 infected) responders. Touching garden soil (odds ratio (OR) 3·14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·3-6·35), sustaining cat-related injuries (OR 2·16, 95% CI 1·25-3·74), and eating improperly washed root vegetables (OR 1·71, 95% CI 1·02-2·87), but not risky sexual behavior (OR 1·22, 95% CI 0·79-1·90), were the predictors of infection. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection had been increasing up to ages 35-50 in men and ages 50-54 in women. Past those ages, seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis has been decreasing. This suggests that the natural decrease of anamnestic antibodies concentrations over time leads to positivity-to-negativity seroconversion in many subjects. If this is true, then the prevalence of T. gondii infection in a general population and its potential impacts on public health could be much larger than generally believed.
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Negero J, Yohannes M, Woldemichael K, Tegegne D. Seroprevalence and potential risk factors of T. gondii infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bonga Hospital, Southwestern Ethiopia. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 57:44-49. [PMID: 28167254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of T.gondii infection in pregnant women attending antenatal care at Bonga Hospital, Southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from February to May 2016. Systematic sampling technique was used to collect sera from 210 pregnant women. Sample was tested for anti-T.gondii- antibodies by Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). Risk factors associated with T.gondii infection in pregnant women was assessed through structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to check association of T.gondii infection with different risk factors using SPSS version 20. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of T.gondii infection in pregnant women was 75.7% (95% CI: 69.9-81.5). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of T.gondii infection was higher in pregnant women between age range of 36-44 (AOR=2.82; 95% CI:1.2-7.82; P=0.031), in multigravidae (AOR=3.3; 95% CI:1.36-8.04; P=0.009), in those eating raw meat (AOR=5.1; 95% CI:2.22-11.68; P=0.000), in those eating raw vegetables (AOR=5.5; 95% CI:1.03-29.5; P=0.046), in those who have history of abortion (AOR=4.4;95% CI:1.10-17.49; P=0.036), in women who drink river/streams water (AOR=5; 95% CI: 1.67-15.44; P=0.004) and in those who didn't handle raw meat (AOR=2.4; 95% CI: 1-5.56; P=0.049). CONCLUSION The present result shows high seroprevalence of T.gondii infection in pregnant women. Public education on identified risk factors and screening of pregnant women during their antenatal care should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalel Negero
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, Po. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Moti Yohannes
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, Po. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Kifle Woldemichael
- Jimma University, College of Medical and Health Science, Department of Epidemiology, Po. Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Dechassa Tegegne
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Public Health, Po. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia.
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Commodaro AG, Chiasson M, Sundar N, Rizzo LV, Belfort R, Grigg ME. Elevated Toxoplasma gondii Infection Rates for Retinas from Eye Banks, Southern Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:691-3. [PMID: 26982526 PMCID: PMC4806975 DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.141819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We found significantly higher incidence of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in eye bank specimens from Joinville in southern Brazil (13/15, 87%) than in São Paulo (3/42, 7%; p = 2.1 × 10E–8). PCR DNA sequence analysis was more sensitive at locus NTS2 than at locus B1; a high frequency of mixed co-infections was detected.
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Rodrigues JY, Almeida ADBPFD, Boa Sorte EDC, Gasparetto ND, Cruz FACSD, Sousa VRF. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs of riverside communities of Mato Grosso Pantanal, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2016; 25:531-535. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612016067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan with worldwide distribution and dogs act as sentinels of human infection. This search aimed to determine the occurrence of antibodies against T. gondii in dogs of the communities on the Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso and variables associated with infection. The dogs of the riverside communities in Cuiabá River, which includes Barranco Alto, Praia do Poço, Engenho Velho, Varginha, Bom Sucesso, Passagem da Conceição and São Gonçalo Beira Rio, were evaluated for the presence of T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The prevalence and factors associated with infection were calculated by chi-squared test (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test, and univariate and multiple analysis. Of the 248 dogs surveyed, 107 (43.1%) were seropositive for T. gondii. The seroprevalence ranged from 25.6% to 64.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between the communities studied (p > 0.05). As for the associated factors, the only statistically significant factor was that of dogs living with cats (p = 0.02), with approximately twice the risk of acquiring infection. In conclusion, the seroprevalence in dogs of riverside communities in the Baixada Cuiabana demonstrated that high rates of infection, being the factor associated with infection, contact with domestic cats.
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Meira-Strejevitch CS, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Maia MM, Carnietto de Hipólito DD, Wang HTL, Motoie G, de Souza Gomes AH, Kanamura CT, Martines RB, de Mattos CCB, Frederico FB, de Mattos LC, de Mattos CCB, Frederico FB, Siqueira RC, Previato M, Barbosa AP, Murata FHA. WITHDRAWN: Selection of reference genes in five types of human tissues for normalization of gene expression studies in infectious diseases. Gene 2016:S0378-1119(16)30816-2. [PMID: 27743995 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Marques Maia
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Hui-Tzu Lin Wang
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular em Cardiologia, Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriela Motoie
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariana Previato
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pires Barbosa
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Abu EK, Boampong JN, Amoabeng JK, Ilechie AA, Kyei S, Owusu-Ansah A, Boadi-Kusi SB, Amoani B, Ayi I. Epidemiology of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Three Community Surveys in the Central Region of Ghana, West Africa. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2016; 23:14-9. [PMID: 26786055 DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2015.1089579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in three randomly selected communities in the Central Region, Ghana. Visual acuity (VA) measurement, dilated fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy and serology testing were performed on all participants. Ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on characteristic retinal lesions and supported by positive serologic testing using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS A total of 390 subjects aged 10-100 years (mean age 47 years) were examined; 118 (30.3%) were male and 272 (69.7%) female. Ten subjects (6 females and 4 males) had toxoplasmic ocular lesions (prevalence 2.6%). Of these, two had bilateral lesions and eight had unilateral lesions. Subjects with toxoplasmic ocular lesions were older than those without lesions (p = 0.028). The development of ocular toxoplasmosis was not associated with rural dwelling, sex, keeping cats, or consumption of meat. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in our Ghanaian study population was lower than findings from Southern Brazil, where there is a similar prevalence of infection in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kwasi Abu
- a Department of Optometry , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana.,b Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Johnson Nyarko Boampong
- b Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Joseph Kwame Amoabeng
- a Department of Optometry , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana.,c Department of Ophthalmology , Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital , Sekondi , Ghana
| | - Alex A Ilechie
- a Department of Optometry , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Samuel Kyei
- a Department of Optometry , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana.,d Discipline of Optometry , School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Durban , South Africa
| | - Andrew Owusu-Ansah
- a Department of Optometry , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana.,e Department of Ophthalmology , the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Samuel Bert Boadi-Kusi
- a Department of Optometry , School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana.,d Discipline of Optometry , School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Durban , South Africa
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- b Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences , School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Irene Ayi
- f Department of Parasitology , Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana , Accra , Ghana
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Ayo CM, Camargo AVDS, Frederico FB, Siqueira RC, Previato M, Murata FHA, Silveira-Carvalho AP, Barbosa AP, Brandão de Mattos CDC, de Mattos LC. MHC Class I Chain-Related Gene A Polymorphisms and Linkage Disequilibrium with HLA-B and HLA-C Alleles in Ocular Toxoplasmosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144534. [PMID: 26672749 PMCID: PMC4682939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether polymorphisms of the MICA (major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A) gene are associated with eye lesions due to Toxoplasma gondii infection in a group of immunocompetent patients from southeastern Brazil. The study enrolled 297 patients with serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Participants were classified into two distinct groups after conducting fundoscopic exams according to the presence (n = 148) or absence (n = 149) of ocular scars/lesions due to toxoplasmosis. The group of patients with scars/lesions was further subdivided into two groups according to the type of the ocular manifestation observed: primary (n = 120) or recurrent (n = 28). Genotyping of the MICA and HLA alleles was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide technique (PCR-SSO; One Lambda®) and the MICA-129 polymorphism (rs1051792) was identified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP). Significant associations involving MICA polymorphisms were not found. Although the MICA*002~HLA-B*35 haplotype was associated with increased risk of developing ocular toxoplasmosis (P-value = 0.04; OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.05–4.60), and the MICA*008~HLA-C*07 haplotype was associated with protection against the development of manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis (P-value = 0.009; OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22–0.76), these associations were not statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. MICA polymorphisms do not appear to influence the development of ocular lesions in patients diagnosed with toxoplasmosis in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Maria Ayo
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Vitória da Silveira Camargo
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Previato
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Pires Barbosa
- Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinara de Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: or (LCM)
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Previato M, Frederico FB, Murata FHA, Siqueira RC, Barbosa AP, Silveira-Carvalho AP, Meira CDS, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Gava R, Martins Neto PP, de Mattos LC, de Mattos CCB. A Brazilian report using serological and molecular diagnosis to monitoring acute ocular toxoplasmosis. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:746. [PMID: 26643197 PMCID: PMC4671220 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis was recently included as a neglected disease by the Center for Disease Control. Ocular toxoplasmosis is one clinical presentation of congenital or acquired infection. The laboratory diagnosis is being used worldwide to support the clinical diagnosis and imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of serology and molecular methods to monitor acute OT in immunocompetent patients during treatment. Methods Five immunocompetent patients were clinically diagnosed with acute OT. The clinical evaluation was performed by ophthalmologic examination using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopic examination with indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography and spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT). Serology were performed by ELISA (IgA, IgM, IgG) and confirmed by ELFA (IgG, IgM). Molecular diagnoses were performed in peripheral blood by cPCR using the Toxoplasma gondiiB1 gene as the marker. Follow-up exams were performed on day +15 and day +45. Results Only five non-immunocompromised male patients completed the follow up and their data were used for analysis. The mean age was 41.2 ± 11.3 years (median: 35; range 31–54 years). All of them were positive for IgG antibodies but with different profiles for IgM and IgA, as well as PCR. For all patients the OCT exam showed active lesions with the inner retinal layers being abnormally hyper-reflective with full-thickness disorganization of the retinal reflective layers, which assumed a blurred reflective appearance and the retina was thickened. Conclusions The presence of IgA and IgM confirmed the acute infection and thus was in agreement with the clinical evaluation. Our results show the adopted treatment modified the serological profile of IgM antibodies and the PCR results, but not the IgG and IgA antibodies and that imaging is a good tool to follow-up patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1650-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Previato
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil. .,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Batista Frederico
- Retinopathy Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-HB-FUNFARME, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil. .,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Henrique Antunes Murata
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil. .,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Pires Barbosa
- Retinopathy Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-HB-FUNFARME, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil. .,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Aparecida Perpétuo Silveira-Carvalho
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Cristina da Silva Meira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, of Parasites and Fungi, Instituto Adolfo Lutz-IAL, Aenida Dr Arnaldo,355, São Paulo, São Paulo state, 01246-000, Brazil. .,IAL Toxoplasma Research Group, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, Sao Paulo state, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lúcia Pereira-Chioccola
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, of Parasites and Fungi, Instituto Adolfo Lutz-IAL, Aenida Dr Arnaldo,355, São Paulo, São Paulo state, 01246-000, Brazil. .,IAL Toxoplasma Research Group, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, Sao Paulo state, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Gava
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, of Parasites and Fungi, Instituto Adolfo Lutz-IAL, Aenida Dr Arnaldo,355, São Paulo, São Paulo state, 01246-000, Brazil. .,IAL Toxoplasma Research Group, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Avenida Dr Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo, Sao Paulo state, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Plínio Pereira Martins Neto
- Retinopathy Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Base da Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina-HB-FUNFARME, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil. .,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto-FAMERP, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil. .,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo state, 15090-000, Brazil.
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Boughattas S. Toxoplasmainfection and milk consumption: Meta-analysis of assumptions and evidences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2924-2933. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1084993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Fochi MML, Baring S, Spegiorin LCJF, Vaz-Oliani DCM, Galão EA, Oliani AH, de Mattos LC, de Mattos CCB. Prematurity and Low Birth Weight did not Correlate with Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Maternal Serum Profiles--a Brazilian Report. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132719. [PMID: 26192182 PMCID: PMC4508015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational Toxoplasma gondii infection is considered a major risk factor for miscarriage, prematurity and low birth weight in animals. However, studies focusing on this topic in humans are scarce. The objective of this study is to determine whether anti-Toxoplasma gondii maternal serum profiles correlate prematurity and low birth weight in humans. The study examined 213 pregnant women seen at the High-Risk Pregnancy Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. All serological profiles (IgM-/IgG+; IgM-/IgG-; IgM+/IgG+) were determined by ELISA commercial kits. Maternal age, gestational age and weight of the newborn at birth were collected and recorded in the Statement of Live Birth. Prematurity was defined as gestational age <37 weeks and low birth weight ≤ 2499 grams. The t-test was used to compare values (p < 0.05). The mean maternal age was 27.6±6.6 years. Overall, 56.3% (120/213) of the women studied were IgM-/IgG+, 36.2% (77/213) were IgM-/IgG- and 7.5% (16/213) were IgM+/IgG+. The average age of the women with serological profile IgM+/IgG+ (22.3±3.9 years) was different from women with the profile IgM-/IgG+ (27.9±6.7 years, p = 0.0011) and IgM-/IgG- (27.9±6.4 years, p = 0.0012). There was no statistically significant difference between the different serological profiles in relation to prematurity (p = 0.6742) and low birth weight (p = 0.7186). The results showed that prematurity and low birth weight did not correlate with anti-Toxoplasma gondii maternal serum profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Machado Lemos Fochi
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Baring
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital de Base, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–HB-FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lígia Cosentino Junqueira Franco Spegiorin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital de Base, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–HB-FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital da Criança e Maternidade de São José do Rio Preto–HCM, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Cristina Mós Vaz-Oliani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital de Base, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–HB-FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital da Criança e Maternidade de São José do Rio Preto–HCM, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Aparecida Galão
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital de Base, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–HB-FUNFARME, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital da Criança e Maternidade de São José do Rio Preto–HCM, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hélio Oliani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital da Criança e Maternidade de São José do Rio Preto–HCM, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto–FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Meira CS, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Vidal JE, de Mattos CCB, Motoie G, Costa-Silva TA, Gava R, Frederico FB, de Mattos LC. Cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis related with IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:492. [PMID: 25352834 PMCID: PMC4195364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the synthesis of Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in chronically infected patients which developed the symptomatic disease as cerebral or ocular toxoplasmosis. Blood from 61 individuals were divided into four groups: Cerebral toxoplasmosis/AIDS patients (CT/AIDS group) (n = 15), ocular toxoplasmosis patients (OT group) (n = 23), chronic toxoplasmosis individuals (CHR group) (n = 13) and healthy individuals (HI group) (n = 10). OT, CHR, and HI groups were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seronegative. The diagnosis was made by laboratorial (PCR and ELISA) and clinical subjects. For cytokine determination, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of each patient were isolated and stimulated in vitro with T. gondii antigen. IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 activities were determined by ELISA. Patients from CT/AIDS and OT groups had low levels of IFN-γ when were compared with those from CHR group. These data suggest the low resistance to develop ocular lesions by the low ability to produce IFN-γ against the parasite. The same patients, which developed ocular or cerebral toxoplasmosis had higher TNF-α levels than CHR individuals. High TNF-α synthesis contribute to the inflammatory response and damage of the choroid and retina in OT patients and in AIDS patients caused a high inflammatory response as the TNF-α synthesis is not affected since monocytes are the major source this cytokine in response to soluble T. gondii antigens. IL-10 levels were almost similar in CT/AIDS and OT patients but low when compared with CHR individuals. The deviation to Th2 immune response including the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 may promote the parasite's survival causing the tissue immune destruction. IL-10 production in T. gondii-infected brains may support the persistence of parasites as down-regulating the intracerebral immune response. All these indicate that OT and CT/AIDS patients produced low levels of IL-10 (Th2 response) and IFN-γ (Th1 response). They produced high TNF-α suggesting a high inflammatory response triggered by the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina S Meira
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José E Vidal
- Departamento de Neurologia, Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinara C Brandão de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Motoie
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais A Costa-Silva
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Gava
- Centro de Parasitologia e Micologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio B Frederico
- Ambulatório de Oftalmologia, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina, Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C de Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Mendes NHD, Oliveira CBS, Garcia CA, Holanda CMXC, Andrade-Neto VF. Epidemiological and serological profiles of ocular toxoplasmosis in the municipality of Natal, northeastern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014; 108:656-61. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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