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Oh S, Byeon H, Wijaya J. Machine learning surveillance of foodborne infectious diseases using wastewater microbiome, crowdsourced, and environmental data. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122282. [PMID: 39178596 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (CP) is a common cause of foodborne infection, leading to significant human health risks and a high economic burden. Thus, effective CP disease surveillance is essential for preventive and therapeutic interventions; however, conventional practices often entail complex, resource-intensive, and costly procedures. This study introduced a data-driven machine learning (ML) modeling framework for CP-related disease surveillance. It leveraged an integrated dataset of municipal wastewater microbiome (e.g., CP abundance), crowdsourced (CP-related web search keywords), and environmental data. Various optimization strategies, including data integration, data normalization, model selection, and hyperparameter tuning, were implemented to improve the ML modeling performance, leading to enhanced predictions of CP cases over time. Explainable artificial intelligence methods identified CP abundance as the most reliable predictor of CP disease cases. Multi-omics subsequently revealed the presence of CP and its genotypes/toxinotypes in wastewater, validating the utility of microbiome-data-enabled ML surveillance for foodborne diseases. This ML-based framework thus exhibits significant potential for complementing and reinforcing existing disease surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungdae Oh
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haeil Byeon
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Wijaya
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Xiao X, Qin S, Cui T, Liu J, Wu Y, Zhong Y, Yang C. Bacillus licheniformis suppresses Clostridium perfringens infection via modulating inflammatory response, antioxidant status, inflammasome activation and microbial homeostasis in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104222. [PMID: 39241614 PMCID: PMC11406086 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria infection, especially Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), markedly threatened the health of animals, and further caused huge economic loss. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis HJ0135 (BL) was used. Oxford cup bacteriostatic test and inhibitory rate test were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial ability of BL. Results showed the strongest inhibitory role of BL on C. perfringens (P < 0.05). Afterwards, 540 one-day-old yellow-feather broilers (32.7 ± 0.2 g) were randomly allocated into 3 groups, including CON group (basal diet), CP group (basal diet + 1 × 109 CFU C. perfringens in gavage), and BL + CP group (basal diet containing 7.5 × 106 CFU/g BL + 1 × 109 CFU C. perfringens in gavage). At d 70, broilers in the CP and BL + CP groups were treated with C. perfringens by continuously oral administration for 5 d. The experiment lasted for 75 d. The serum, immune organs, jejunal mucosa, and cecal contents were collected for analysis. In vivo experiment showed that BL supplementation markedly improved (P < 0.05) BW, ADG, thymus index, serum immunoglobins and antioxidases, reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines of C. perfringens-infected broilers. Furthermore, the increased jejunal injury and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased gene expressions of tight junction proteins in the jejunal mucosa were significantly alleviated (P < 0.05) by BL. More importantly, the activation of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was inhibited (P < 0.05) by BL to further attenuate jejunal damage. Besides, BL supplementation markedly increased (P < 0.05) the cecal isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid. Microbial analysis showed that BL changed the composition and relative abundances of microbiota in the cecal contents (P < 0.05), especially the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria including Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus, which further protected against C. perfringens-induced jejunal inflammation in broilers. Our study laid a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in lessening C. perfringens-related diseases in poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Songke Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tiantian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Ba X, Jin Y, Ning X, Gao Y, Li W, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhou J. Clostridium perfringens in the Intestine: Innocent Bystander or Serious Threat? Microorganisms 2024; 12:1610. [PMID: 39203452 PMCID: PMC11356505 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clostridium perfringens epidemic threatens biosecurity and causes significant economic losses. C. perfringens infections are linked to more than one hundred million cases of food poisoning annually, and 8-60% of susceptible animals are vulnerable to infection, resulting in an economic loss of more than 6 hundred million USD. The enzymes and toxins (>20 species) produced by C. perfringens play a role in intestinal colonization, immunological evasion, intestinal micro-ecosystem imbalance, and intestinal mucosal disruption, all influencing host health. In recent decades, there has been an increase in drug resistance in C. perfringens due to antibiotic misuse and bacterial evolution. At the same time, traditional control interventions have proven ineffective, highlighting the urgent need to develop and implement new strategies and approaches to improve intervention targeting. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal evolutionary characteristics, transmission routes, colonization dynamics, and pathogenic mechanisms of C. perfringens will aid in the development of optimal therapeutic strategies and vaccines for C. perfringens management. Here, we review the global epidemiology of C. perfringens, as well as the molecular features and roles of various virulence factors in C. perfringens pathogenicity. In addition, we emphasize measures to prevent and control this zoonotic disease to reduce the transmission and infection of C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Ba
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Youshun Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xuan Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yidan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
| | - Yunhui Li
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yihan Wang
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (X.B.); (Y.J.); (X.N.); (W.L.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (Y.W.)
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de Andrés Aguayo A, Millet JP, Álvarez-Bruned L, Palma D, Gómez A, Gallés P, Sabaté S, Álvarez G, Rodriguez V, Cornejo T, Rius C. Clostridium and Cryptosporidium outbreak linked to a splash pad. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1578. [PMID: 38867266 PMCID: PMC11167891 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Splash pads for recreational purposes are widespread. Using these pads can pose a health risk if they lack installation regulation and water quality supervision. Our aim was to describe a waterborne disease outbreak caused by Clostridium perfringens and Cryptosporidium spp. in a Barcelona district and the measures taken for its control. METHODS . On August 2018, 71 cases of acute gastroenteritis were detected, affecting people who used a splash pad or were in contact with a user. Microbiological and environmental investigations were carried out. A descriptive analysis of the sample and Poisson regression models adjusted for age and sex were performed, obtaining frequencies, median values, and adjusted prevalence ratios with their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The median age of the cases was 6.7 years, 27 (38%) required medical care, and three (4.2%) were hospitalized. The greater the number of times a person entered the area, the greater the number of symptoms and their severity. Nineteen (76%) of the 25 stool samples collected from cases showed the presence of one or both pathogens. Environmental investigations showed deficiencies in the facilities and identified the presence of both species in the splash pad. Health education and hygiene measures were carried out, and 14 days after the closure of the facilities, no more cases related to the pad were recorded. CONCLUSIONS . Specific regulations are needed on the use of splash pads for recreational purposes. Until these regulations are in place, these types of facility should comply with the regulations that apply to swimming pools and spas, including those related to the design of the tanks, water recirculation systems, and adequate disinfection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna de Andrés Aguayo
- Servei d'Epidemiología. Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - Joan-Pau Millet
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain.
| | - Laia Álvarez-Bruned
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - David Palma
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - Anna Gómez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - Pau Gallés
- Public Health Department of Reus City Council, Ample, Reus, 13-43202, Spain
| | - Sara Sabaté
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - Gabriela Álvarez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - Virginia Rodriguez
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - Thais Cornejo
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Plaza Lesseps 1, Barcelona, 08023, Spain
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Oliveira HGDS, Sousa AIDJ, Zanon IP, Lopes CTDA, Silva ROS, Domingues SFS, Salvarani FM. Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in Wild Mammals in the Amazon Biome. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1333. [PMID: 38731335 PMCID: PMC11083269 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in stool samples and swabs collected from wild mammals in the Amazon biome. Sixty-five faecal and swab samples were collected in situ and ex situ from 16 species and three genera of wild mammals, some of which were in good health and some of which had diarrhoea. After pre-enrichment, the samples were plated on selective agar for C. perfringens. Characteristic colonies were subjected to multiplex PCR for the detection of genes encoding the main C. perfringens toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota toxin and enterotoxin). Among the 65 samples, 40 (61.5%) were positive for the gene encoding the alpha toxin and were classified as type A, 36 of which were asymptomatic animals and four were diarrheal. No other toxinotypes were found. The findings of this study suggest that C. perfringens type A is commonly found in mammal species of the Amazon biome. This seems to be the first study to identify C. perfringens type A in species such as B. variegatus (common ground sloth), C. didactylus (two-toed sloth), P. flavus (Jupará), T. tetradactyla (anteater), S. collinsi (squirrel monkey), S. niger (black marmoset), and S. apella (Guyana capuchin) and in the genus Didelphis sp. (opossum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gabriela da Silva Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
| | - Ananda Iara de Jesus Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
| | - Isabela Paduá Zanon
- Laboratório de Bacterioses e Pesquisa da Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (I.P.Z.); (R.O.S.S.)
| | - Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
- Laboratório de Bacterioses e Pesquisa da Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (I.P.Z.); (R.O.S.S.)
| | - Sheyla Farhayldes Souza Domingues
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
| | - Felipe Masiero Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil; (H.G.d.S.O.); (A.I.d.J.S.); (C.T.d.A.L.); (S.F.S.D.)
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Li M, Wang Y, Hou B, Chen Y, Hu M, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Li L, Luo Y, Liu Y, Cai Y. Toxin gene detection and antibiotic resistance of Clostridium perfringens from aquatic sources. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110642. [PMID: 38428166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that produces toxins that can cause necrotic enteritis and even "sudden death disease". This bacterium is widely distributed in the intestines of livestock and human, but there are few reports of distribution in aquatic animals (Hafeez et al., 2022). In order to explore the isolation rate of C. perfringens and the toxin genes they carry, 141 aquatic samples, including clams (Ruditapes philippinarum), oysters (Ostreidae), and mud snails (Bullacta exerata Philippi), were collected from the coastal areas of Shandong Province, China. C. perfringens strains were tested for cpa, cpb, etx, iap, cpb2, cpe, netB, and tpeL genes. 45 clam samples were boiled at 100 °C for 5 min before bacteria isolation. 80 strains were isolated from 141 samples with the positive rate being 57 %.And the positive rates of cooked clams was 87 % which was higher than the average. In detection of 8 toxin genes, all strains tested cpa positive, 3 strains netB positive, and 2 cpb and cpe, respectively. 64 strains were selected to analyze the antibiotic resistance phenotype of 10 antibiotics. The average antibiotic resistance rates of the strains to tetracycline, clindamycin, and ampicillin were 45 %, 20 %, and 16 % respectively, and the MIC of 4 strains to clindamycin was ≥128 μg/mL. A high isolation rate of C. perfringens from aquatic animals was shown, and it was isolated from boiled clams for the first time, in which cpe and netB toxin genes were detected for the first time too. The toxin encoded by cpe gene can cause food poisoning of human, thus the discoveries of this study have certain guiding significance for food safety. Antibiotics resistant C. perfringens of aquatic origin may arise from transmission in the terrestrial environment or from antibiotic contamination of the aquaculture environment and is of public health significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Bingyu Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanbo Luo
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Yumei Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
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Ren Y, Lv X, Xu W, Li Y, Liu L, Kong X, Wang H. Characterization and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from patients with diarrhoea and food poisoning in Tai'an region, China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:160-166. [PMID: 38157936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a significant opportunistic pathogen. This study aims to examine the occurrence of C. perfringens in patients with diarrhoea and food poisoning and compare the genetic similarities with strains found in poultry retail markets and poultry farms in the same city (Tai'an, China). METHODS Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 30 human faecal samples and genotyped using multiplex PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Genetic relationships were analysed through Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and Phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The positive rate of C. perfringens was found to be 96.67%. Among the positive samples, 91.67% of the faecal samples from patients with food poisoning contained type F strains of C. perfringens, while only 16.67% of the samples from diarrhoea cases contained type F. The drug susceptibility test revealed that the majority of isolates displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial resistance. Out of the 57 isolates tested for drug susceptibility, 89.47% demonstrated resistance to at least three antibiotics. The MLST results indicated that strains originating from the same host and environment tended to be more closely related. However, certain strains associated with food poisoning and diarrhoea in patients shared the same ST and CC as some strains found in the retail market. These strains were also found to be phylogenetically similar to some retail market strains, suggesting potential risks to human health. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the management of poultry retail markets in order to mitigate these associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ren
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Taicang Guangdong Wen's Poultry Co., Ltd, Taicang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Feicheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Feicheng, Shandong, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Qilu Animal Health Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Kong
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Sundaresan A, Cheong I. Elucidating Bacterial Spore Dynamics through Lanthanide-Enhanced Live Imaging. ACS Sens 2024; 9:789-798. [PMID: 38221734 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Identifying and distinguishing dormant and active bacterial spores are vital for biosecurity, food safety, and space exploration. Yet, there is a lack of simple, quick, and nondestructive methods to achieve this. The common Schaeffer-Fulton method is both sample-destructive and requires significant operator involvement. In this study, we employed lanthanide-beta-diketonate complexes to directly observe both dormant and germinated single spores. Staining is instantaneous and requires minimal sample processing. The complex stains areas outside the core of dormant spores, leaving the core hollow and nonfluorescent. However, upon germination, the complex enters the core, making it brightly fluorescent. This difference was noted in five bacterial species including Bacillus, Clostridium, and Clostridioides. Various lanthanides and beta-diketonates can be mixed to form a range of spore-visualizing complexes. Due to their low toxicity, these complexes allow for live imaging of single germinating spores. We demonstrate low-cost imaging using a USB microscope as well as imaging of spores in milk matrices. This method provides a valuable tool for studying bacterial spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajitha Sundaresan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558 Singapore
| | - Ian Cheong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117558 Singapore
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Bezerra FWF, Silva JDME, Fontanari GG, de Oliveira JAR, Rai M, Chisté RC, Martins LHDS. Sustainable Applications of Nanopropolis to Combat Foodborne Illnesses. Molecules 2023; 28:6785. [PMID: 37836629 PMCID: PMC10574570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis has numerous biological properties and technological potential, but its low solubility in water makes its use quite difficult. With the advent of nanotechnology, better formulations with propolis, such as nanopropolis, can be achieved to improve its properties. Nanopropolis is a natural nanomaterial with several applications, including in the maintenance of food quality. Food safety is a global public health concern since food matrices are highly susceptible to contamination of various natures, leading to food loss and transmission of harmful foodborne illness. Due to their smaller size, propolis nanoparticles are more readily absorbed by the body and have higher antibacterial and antifungal activities than common propolis. This review aims to understand whether using propolis with nanotechnology can help preserve food and prevent foodborne illness. Nanotechnology applied to propolis formulations proved to be effective against pathogenic microorganisms of industrial interest, making it possible to solve problems of outbreaks that can occur through food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Wariss Figueiredo Bezerra
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (J.d.M.e.S.); (R.C.C.); (L.H.d.S.M.)
| | - Jonilson de Melo e Silva
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (J.d.M.e.S.); (R.C.C.); (L.H.d.S.M.)
| | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati 444602, India;
| | - Renan Campos Chisté
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (J.d.M.e.S.); (R.C.C.); (L.H.d.S.M.)
| | - Luiza Helena da Silva Martins
- Graduate Program of Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Institute of Technology (ITEC), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (J.d.M.e.S.); (R.C.C.); (L.H.d.S.M.)
- Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém 66077-530, Brazil;
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10
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Phenotypical Identification and Toxinotyping of Clostridium perfringens Isolates from Healthy and Enteric Disease-Affected Chickens. Vet Med Int 2023; 2023:2584171. [PMID: 36818644 PMCID: PMC9931463 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2584171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous spore-forming anaerobic pathogen that is frequently associated with enteric disease in chickens. Moreover, enterotoxin-producing C. perfringens has high zoonotic potential as well as serious public health concerns due to the emanation of food-borne intoxication. The present study was designed to isolate, identify, and toxinotype C. perfringens from both healthy and cases of necrotic or ulcerative enteritis chickens. A total of 110 samples were collected from July 2019 to February 2021. Among the samples, 38 (34.5%, 95% CI: 26.39-43.83) were positive for C. perfringens and were obtained from broiler 21 (33.3%, 95% CI: 22.91-45.67), Sonali 9 (34.6%, 95% CI: 19.31-53.88), and layer 8 (38%, 95% CI: 20.68-59.20). C. perfringens was highly prevalent (35.7%, 95% CI: 25.48-47.44) in enteritis chickens compared with healthy ones. In multiplex PCR toxinotyping, 34 (89.4%) isolates were identified as C. perfringens type A by the presence of the alpha toxin gene (cpa). Moreover, in addition to the cpa gene, 3 (14.3%, 95% CI: 4.14-35.48) broiler and 1 (11.1%, 95% CI: 0.01-45.67) Sonali isolates harbored the enterotoxin gene (cpe) and were classified as type F. However, none of the isolates carried genes encoding beta (cpb), epsilon (etx), iota (iap), or beta-2 (cpb2) toxins. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following variables such as; "previously used litter materials" (OR 21.77, 95% CI 2.22-212.66, p ≤ 0.008); intestinal lesions, "presence of ulceration" (OR 30.01, 95% CI 3.02-297.91, p ≤ 0.004); "ballooned with gas" (OR 24.74, 95% CI 4.34-140.86, p ≤ 0.001) and "use of probiotics" (OR 5.24, 95% CI 0.74-36.75, p ≤ 0.095) act as risk factors for C. perfringens colonization in chicken gut. This is the first study of molecular toxinotyping of C. perfringens from healthy and enteric-diseased chickens in Bangladesh, which might have a potential food-borne zoonotic impact on human health.
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11
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Hashimoto A, Suzuki H, Oonaka K. Prevalence of cpe-positive Clostridium perfringens in surface-attached soil of commercially available potatoes and its significance as a potential source of food poisoning. Anaerobe 2023; 79:102687. [PMID: 36549463 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the surface-attached soil of commercially available potatoes in Japan to determine the association between foodborne infection and the circulation of Clostridium perfringens through vegetables, soil, and environments. METHODS C. perfringens spores were isolated from 30 surface-attached soil samples of potatoes obtained from six regions in Japan. We performed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing to detect the presence of six toxin and plasmid-related genes in the isolates. RESULTS Sulfite-reducing clostridial spores were detected in 28 (93%) of 30 potato samples, and toxin gene PCR was performed using 613 isolates. The C. perfringens α toxin gene (cpa) was detected in 288 isolates (288/613; 47%) from 25 potato samples (83%), and these isolates were presumed to be the strains of C. perfringens. The toxin types of C. perfringens were classified into type A, in which 73% of isolates had only cpa, followed by type F in 20%, type C in 6%, and type E in 0.003% (1 isolate). The enterotoxin gene (cpe) related to food poisoning was detected in 64 isolates from 9 potato samples (3%). Of these, 59 isolates had cpa and cpe, whereas five had cpa, C. perfringens β toxin gene, and cpe. All tested cpe-positive isolates had plasmid-type cpe. CONCLUSIONS The isolation of culturable cpe-positive C. perfringens from the surface-attached soil of commercially available potatoes indicates that potatoes are a potential source of foodborne transmission of C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hashimoto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioresource, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562, Nanatsuka-cho, Shobara City, Hiroshima, 727-0023, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Research and Development Center, Suzuken Co., Ltd., 5-28-1 Hongo, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kenji Oonaka
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
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12
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Papanikou S, Sideroglou T, Chrysostomou A, Kyritsi MA, Spaniolas S, Bouboulis D, Mouchtouri VA, Mellou K. A Point Source Gastroenteritis Outbreak in a High School Putatively Due to Clostridium perfringens: Timely Investigation Is Everything. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:41-46. [PMID: 36723604 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
On May 28, 2021, several gastroenteritis cases were reported among students and staff of a high school on a Greek island. Lunches were delivered daily at the school by a catering company. We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Cases were defined as students or school staff presenting with diarrhea and abdominal pain between May 27 and 29, 2021. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect the data. In the univariate analysis, we calculated food-specific attack rates (ARs), relative risks (RRs), and confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistically significant variables (p < 0.05) were included in the multivariable model. Stool samples were collected from students on the same day of notification and were tested for bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The local food safety authority also inspected the school and the catering company premises. The food samples were sent to the reference laboratory for analysis. We received 129 responses from 174 students and staff members (response rate: 74%). Thirty cases were identified (AR, 23%). Of the 11 significant food items in the univariate analysis, the consumption of spaghetti with minced meat on May 27 (odds ratio 53.40, 95% CI: 3.9-736.1, 97% of cases exposed) was independently associated with the onset of gastroenteritis. Clostridium perfringens was detected in two of the three students' stool samples. Six samples from spaghetti with minced meat were positive for C. perfringens and four of those also tested positive for Bacillus cereus. Environmental investigation revealed non-compliances concerning food personnel training and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan implementation in the food establishment. Timely investigation and samples collection allowed the identification of the probable source of the outbreak. Changes, regarding the reception and distribution of meals in the school, were applied. Recommendations were given to the catering establishment focusing on adequate personnel training and HACCP issues, especially regarding temperature/time controls during all production, handling, and distribution phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Papanikou
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.,Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention for Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece
| | - Theologia Sideroglou
- Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention for Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Chrysostomou
- Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention for Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece
| | - Maria A Kyritsi
- Regional Public Health Laboratory (PEDY) of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Stelios Spaniolas
- Regional Directorate of North Aegean, Hellenic Food Authority (EFET), Mytilini, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bouboulis
- Regional Directorate of North Aegean, Hellenic Food Authority (EFET), Mytilini, Greece
| | - Varvara A Mouchtouri
- Regional Public Health Laboratory (PEDY) of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kassiani Mellou
- Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention for Infectious Diseases, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece
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13
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Subirats J, Sharpe H, Topp E. Fate of Clostridia and other spore-forming Firmicute bacteria during feedstock anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114643. [PMID: 35151135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic spore-forming Firmicutes are commonly present in animal and human wastes that are used as fertilizers in crop production. Pre-treatments of organic waste prior to land application offer the potential to abate enteric microorganisms, and therefore reduce the risk of contamination of crops or adjacent water resources with pathogens carried in these materials. The inactivation and reduction of gram-positive spore formers such as Clostridium spp., Clostridioides spp. and Bacillus spp. from animal and human waste can be challenging given the recalcitrance of the spores these bacteria produce. Given the significance of these organisms to human and animal health, information concerning spore-forming bacteria inactivation during anaerobic digestion (AD) and aerobic composting (AC) is required as the basis for recommending safe organic waste management practices. In this review, an assessment of the inactivation of spore-forming Firmicutes during AD and AC was conducted to provide guidance for practical management of organic matrices of animal or human origin. Temperature and pH may be the main factors contributing to the inactivation of spore-forming Firmicutes during batch lab-scale AD (log reduction <0.5-5 log). In continuous digesters, wet AD systems do not effectively inactivate spore-forming Firmicutes even under thermopholic conditions (log reduction -1.09 - 0.98), but dry AD systems could be a feasible management practice to inactivate spore-forming Firmicutes from organic materials with high solid content (log reduction 1.77-3.1). In contrast, composting is an effective treatment to abate spore-forming Firmicutes (log reduction 1.7-6.5) when thermophilic conditions last at least six consecutive days. Temperature, moisture content and composting scale are the key operating conditions influencing the inactivation of spore-forming Firmicutes during composting. Where possible, undertaking AD with subsequent composting to ensure the biosafety of digestate before its downstream processing and recycling is recommended to abate recalcitrant bacteria in digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Subirats
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Tian Y, Wu L, Lu R, Bao H, Zhou Y, Pang M, Brown J, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang H. Virulent phage vB_CpeP_HN02 inhibits Clostridium perfringens on the surface of the chicken meat. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 363:109514. [PMID: 34999475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a well-known pathogen that causes foodborne disease. With a high prevalence of contamination in food, an efficient strategy is needed to decontaminate those contaminated foods and control the emergence of foodborne disease. In this study, the C. perfringens-specific lytic phage vB_CpeP_HN02 (designated as phage HN02) was isolated from chicken feces. Electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis suggested that phage vB_CpeP_HN02 is a novel phage of the family Podoviridae. Phage HN02 had good pH (5-11) and temperature tolerance (< 70 °C). Phage HN02 exhibited a broad host range of C. perfringens isolates (42.86%). The complete genome of the phage HN02 was sequenced and revealed a linear double-stranded DNA genome. The 17,754-bp genome (GenBank MW815121) with average GC content of 28.2% includes 22 predicted open reading frames, of which only 10 were annotated with known functions. Phylogenetic analysis of the available C. perfringens phage major capsid protein demonstrated that phage HN02 is closely related to virulent C. perfringens phage phi24R and CPD2. When phage HN02 was applied to chicken meat samples stored at 4 °C for 72 h with 1 × 106 to 1 × 109 PFU/g, 95% to 99% of C. perfringens were inactivated on chicken meat surfaces after storage at 4 °C for 72 h, respectively. It should be noted that C. perfringens could be completely lysed by a high dose of phage HN02 (1 × 1010 PFU/g) after 48 h treatment in chicken samples. Through the lytic activity testing, phage HN02 showed good antimicrobial effects, and can be used as an antibacterial agent for biocontrol of C. perfringens in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Jiangsu University, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Jiangsu University, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongduo Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Maoda Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Joseph Brown
- Arden Biotechnology Limited, Lincoln B782bN, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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15
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Xiu L, Zhu C, Zhong Z, Liu L, Chen S, Xu W, Wang H. Prevalence and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from different stages of a duck production chain. Food Microbiol 2021; 102:103901. [PMID: 34809933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a zoonotic microorganism and rarely reported in duck production chain. This study aimed to investigate prevalence, serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of C. perfringens at different stages of a duck production chain. In total, 319 samples were collected from a large-scale rearing and slaughter one-stop enterprise in Weifang, China, of which 42.95% of samples were positive for C. perfringens. All isolates were genotype A. Cpe and cpb2 genes were found in 2.54% and 24.87% of the isolates, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 55.47% of the isolates resistant to at least 5 classes of commonly used antibiotics. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results showed that 65 representative isolates were divided into 47 sequences types (STs), 33.85% of them were included into four clonal complexes (CC). Some of isolates from breeding and slaughtering stages were distributed in the same CC or ST, indicating duck products may be contaminated by C. perfringens originated from the breeding stage. Part of duck isolates were distributed in the same CC as human isolates and systemically close with human isolates. The high contamination rates of duck products, the isolates with multi-drug antibiotic resistance or the cpe gene, and the close relationship between strains from human and ducks, indicated potential public health risks, not only control measures at slaughtering stage but also at rearing stage should be considered to reduce this risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chuangang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Min hang District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaobing Zhong
- Tai'an Daiyue District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Suo Chen
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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16
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Milton AAP, Momin KM, Priya GB, Ghatak S, Gandhale PN, Angappan M, Das S, Sen A. A novel in situ methodology for visual detection of Clostridium perfringens in pork harnessing saltatory rolling circle amplification. Anaerobe 2021; 69:102324. [PMID: 33508439 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), a prolific toxin-producing anaerobe is an important foodborne pathogen with a huge public health concern. Rapid and on-site detection of C. perfringens is of specific importance in developing countries. In the present study, saltatory rolling circle amplification (SRCA) assay was developed for culture-independent, rapid and visual detection of C. perfringens and evaluated in meat with pork as a model. The specificity of the SRCA assay was ascertained by using 62 C. perfringens and 18 non- C. perfringens strains. The analytical sensitivity of the developed SRCA, conventional and real-time PCR assays were 80 fg, 800 fg and 800 fg DNA per tube, respectively. The limit of detection of the SRCA assay was 80 CFU/g of pork in the absence of enrichment and 8 CFU/g after short enrichment of 6 h. The detection limits of 80 CFU/g and 8 CFU/g of pork were attained within 120 min and 8 h, respectively. Real-world or field relevancy of the developed assay was evaluated by screening 82 raw and processed pork samples. As the developed assay is simple, user-friendly, cost-effective and sophisticated-equipment free, it would be more suitable for on-site testing of C. perfringens in foods. To our information, this is the first report to apply SRCA for the detection of C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasanchi M Momin
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India; College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Pradeep N Gandhale
- ICAR- National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madesh Angappan
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Samir Das
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
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17
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Development of a novel polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) assay for rapid and visual detection of Clostridium perfringens in meat. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05941. [PMID: 33490689 PMCID: PMC7810786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C. perfringens is a widespread foodborne pathogen and one of the major concerns in the meat industry. There is a need for a simple, rapid and equipment free detection system for C. perfringens as conventional anaerobic culture method is labour and resource intensive. Here, we applied a novel polymerase spiral reaction phenomenon to develop and evaluate an assay for effortless and visual detection of C. perfringens in meat foods employing pork as a representative model. Specificity of the assay was determined using 51 C perfringens and 20 non- C. perfringens strains. Analytical sensitivity of the developed test was 80 fg DNA per tube indicating 100 times more sensitivity than end-point PCR assay. The detection limits were 980 CFU/g and 9.8 × 104 CFU/g of pork for PSR and PCR assays, respectively. The operation time of the PSR assay including DNA extraction was 120 min. The developed PSR assay was accurate and effective in comparison to culture method, in detecting C. perfringens in 38 of 74 pork samples. Therefore the specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value and accuracy rate of the developed PSR assay were 100%. The developed PSR assay is easy to perform, rapid, affordable, permitting sophisticated-equipment free amplification and naked eye interpretation. This is the initial report in which the PSR assay was optimized for the detection of C. perfringens.
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18
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Gallo M, Ferrara L, Calogero A, Montesano D, Naviglio D. Relationships between food and diseases: What to know to ensure food safety. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Molecular Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Strains Isolated in Italy. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100650. [PMID: 33050097 PMCID: PMC7600699 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium (C.) perfringens is the causative agent of several diseases and enteric infections in animals and humans. The pathogenicity of the bacterium is largely mediated by the production of a wide range of toxins. Individual C. perfringens strains produce only subsets of this toxin repertoire, which permits the classification in seven toxinotypes (A–G). In addition, a variety of minor toxins further characterizes the single strains. The aim of this work was to evaluate, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays, the diversity of 632 C. perfringens strains isolated in Italy over 15 years. The genotyped strains were analyzed to determine the presence of major and minor toxins (cpe, consensus, and atypical cpb2), their geographical origins, and the source of isolation (animal species or food). Our study shows that toxinotype A had the greatest representation (93%) and correlated mainly with consensus cpb2 in a variety of animal species, as well as with atypical cpb2 in the five food samples. Type D, associated with cpe and atypical cpb2 minor toxins, was identified in 3% of the cases, and type F was identified in 2.5%. Seven type C isolates (1.1%) were detected in cattle, whereas the only type B atypical cpb2 isolated in Italy was detected in a goat, and one type E cpe+atypical cpb2 was detected in a sheep. Type G was not detected.
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Koo BS, Hwang EH, Kim G, Park JY, Oh H, Lim KS, Kang P, Lee HY, Jeong KJ, Mo I, Villinger F, Hong JJ. Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolated from feces of captive cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Anaerobe 2020; 64:102236. [PMID: 32623046 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is ubiquitous in the environment and the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. While part of the gut microbiome, abnormal growth of C. perfringens causes histotoxic, neurologic, and enteric diseases in a variety of animal species, including humans, due to the production of toxins. There is extremely limited information on C. perfringens infection in non-human primates. Presently, 10 strains were successfully isolated from 126 monkeys and confirmed by molecular and biochemical analyses. All isolates were genotype A based on molecular analysis. Alpha toxin was identified in all isolates. Beta 2 toxin was detected in only three isolates. No other toxins, including enterotoxin, beta, iota, epsilon, and net B toxin, were identified in any isolate. All isolates were highly susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics. Double hemolysis and lecithinase activity were commonly observed in all strains. Biofilm formation, which can increase antibiotic resistance, was identified in 90% of the isolates. The data are the first report the prevalence and characteristics of C. perfringens isolated from captive cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Hwang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Green Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Young Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Inpil Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70560, USA
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea.
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21
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A cohort study investigating a point source outbreak of Clostridium perfringens associated with consumption of roasted meat and gravy at a buffet on Mothering Sunday 2018, South West, England. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Outbreak of Clostridium perfringens food poisoning linked to leeks in cheese sauce: an unusual source. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e43. [PMID: 32102705 PMCID: PMC7058653 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882000031x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 11-13 December 2018, local public health authorities in the West Midlands, England were alerted to 34 reports of diarrhoea with abdominal cramps. Symptom onset was ~10 h after diners ate Christmas meals at a restaurant between 7-9 December 2018. A retrospective case-control study, environmental and microbiological investigations were undertaken to determine the source and control the outbreak. An analytical study was undertaken with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Forty persons were recruited to the analytical study (28/40 cases). Multivariable analysis found that leeks in cheese sauce was the only item associated with illness (aOR 51.1; 95% CI 4.13-2492.1). Environmental investigations identified significant lapses in food safety, including lapses in temperature control during cooking and hot holding, likely cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods and the reuse of leftover cheese sauce for the next day's service. No food samples were taken during the exposure period. Two faecal samples were positive for Clostridium perfringens with one confirming the enterotoxigenic gene. Cheese sauce is an unusual vehicle for the organism and the first time this has been reported in England.
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23
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Mellou K, Kyritsi M, Chrysostomou A, Sideroglou T, Georgakopoulou T, Hadjichristodoulou C. Clostridium perfringens Foodborne Outbreak during an Athletic Event in Northern Greece, June 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203967. [PMID: 31627449 PMCID: PMC6843328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Food safety is a major public health consideration during athletic events. On 27 June 2019, the Hellenic National Public Health Organization was notified of a cluster of gastroenteritis cases among athletes of four of the 47 teams participating at the Panhellenic Handball Championship for children. Methods: A retrospective cohort study among the members of the four teams was performed. The local public health authority visited the restaurants where common meals took place, amassed information on the preparation of meals, and collected samples of leftovers. Stool samples were tested for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Results: Consumption of minced beef had a statistically significant association with disease occurrence [RR:8.29 (95%CI 1,31-52,7)]. Samples of meat were found positive for Clostridium perfringens. It was documented that the meat was not stored and re-heated as indicated. Stool samples were negative for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. and were not tested for the Clostridium perfringens toxin. Conclusion: Specific standards should be kept to prevent outbreaks during athletic events. This was the first time that a foodborne outbreak due to Clostridium perfringens was investigated in the country. Laboratory investigation for toxins should be enhanced, especially in foodborne outbreaks where clinical manifestations of cases are found to be compatible with infection caused by a toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassiani Mellou
- National Public Health Organisation (EODY), 15123 Athens, Greece.
| | - Maria Kyritsi
- Regional Public Health Laboratory (PEDY) of Thessaly, 41221 Thessaly, Greece.
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | | | | | | | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Regional Public Health Laboratory (PEDY) of Thessaly, 41221 Thessaly, Greece.
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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24
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Kiu R, Caim S, Painset A, Pickard D, Swift C, Dougan G, Mather AE, Amar C, Hall LJ. Phylogenomic analysis of gastroenteritis-associated Clostridium perfringens in England and Wales over a 7-year period indicates distribution of clonal toxigenic strains in multiple outbreaks and extensive involvement of enterotoxin-encoding (CPE) plasmids. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 31553300 PMCID: PMC6861862 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a major enteric pathogen known to cause gastroenteritis in human adults. Although major outbreak cases are frequently reported, only limited whole-genome sequencing (WGS) based studies have been performed to understand the genomic epidemiology and virulence gene content of outbreak-associated C. perfringens strains. We performed phylogenomic analysis on 109 C. perfringens isolates (human and food) obtained from disease cases in England and Wales between 2011 and 2017. Initial findings highlighted the enhanced discriminatory power of WGS in profiling outbreak C. perfringens strains, when compared to the current Public Health England referencing laboratory technique of fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Further analysis identified that isogenic C. perfringens strains were associated with nine distinct care-home-associated outbreaks over the course of a 5-year interval, indicating a potential common source linked to these outbreaks or transmission over time and space. As expected, the enterotoxin cpe gene was encoded in all but 4 isolates (96.3 %; 105/109), with virulence plasmids encoding cpe (particularly pCPF5603 and pCPF4969 plasmids) extensively distributed (82.6 %; 90/109). Genes encoding accessory virulence factors, such as beta-2 toxin, were commonly detected (46.7 %; 51/109), and genes encoding phage proteins were also frequently identified. Overall, this large-scale genomic study of gastroenteritis-associated C. perfringens suggested that three major cpe-encoding (toxinotype F) genotypes underlie these outbreaks: strains carrying (1) pCPF5603 plasmid, (2) pCPF4969 plasmid and (3) chromosomal-cpe strains. Our findings substantially expanded our knowledge on type F C. perfringens involved in human-associated gastroenteritis, with further studies required to fully probe the dissemination and regional reservoirs of this enteric pathogen, which may help devise effective prevention strategies to reduce the food-poisoning disease burden in vulnerable patients, such as the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kiu
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Shabhonam Caim
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Anais Painset
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Derek Pickard
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Craig Swift
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alison E Mather
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.,Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Corinne Amar
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
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25
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Matsuda A, Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Sumi A, Nakamura M, Horino Y, Ito M, Habadera S, Kobayashi N. Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Toxin Genes in Clinical Isolates of Clostridium perfringens: Coexistence of Alpha-Toxin Variant and Binary Enterotoxin Genes ( bec/ cpile). Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060326. [PMID: 31174364 PMCID: PMC6628447 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is responsible for food-borne gastroenteritis and other infectious diseases, and toxins produced by this bacterium play a key role in pathogenesis. Although various toxins have been described for C. perfringens isolates from humans and animals, prevalence of individual toxins among clinical isolates has not yet been well explored. In the present study, a total of 798 C. perfringens clinical isolates were investigated for prevalence of eight toxin genes and their genetic diversity by PCR, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Besides the alpha-toxin gene (plc) present in all the isolates, the most common toxin gene was cpe (enterotoxin) (34.2%), followed by cpb2 (beta2 toxin) (1.4%), netB (NetB) (0.3%), and bec/cpile (binary enterotoxin BEC/CPILE) (0.1%), while beta-, epsilon-, and iota-toxin genes were not detected. Genetic analysis of toxin genes indicated a high level of conservation of plc, cpe, and netB. In contrast, cpb2 was revealed to be considerably divergent, containing at least two lineages. Alpha-toxin among 46 isolates was classified into ten sequence types, among which common types were distinct from those reported for avian isolates. A single isolate with bec/cpile harbored a plc variant containing an insertion of 834-bp sequence, suggesting its putative origin from chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Matsuda
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Ayako Sumi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
| | | | - Yuka Horino
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Sapporo 060-0005, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Sapporo 060-0005, Japan.
| | | | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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26
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27
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Almeida D, Machado D, Andrade JC, Mendo S, Gomes AM, Freitas AC. Evolving trends in next-generation probiotics: a 5W1H perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1783-1796. [PMID: 31062600 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1599812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, scientific community has been gathering increasingly more insight on the dynamics that are at play in metabolic and inflammatory disorders. These rapidly growing conditions are reaching epidemic proportions, bringing clinicians and researcher's new challenges. The specific roles and modulating properties that beneficial/probiotic bacteria hold in the context of the gut ecosystem seem to be key to avert these inflammatory and diet-related disorders. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila and Eubacterium hallii have been identified as candidates for next generation probiotics (NGPs) with exciting potential for the prevention and treatment of such of dysbiosis-associated diseases. The challenges of these non-conventional native gut bacteria lie mainly on their extreme sensitivity to O2 traces. If these strains are to be used successfully in food, supplements or drugs they need to be stable and active in humans. In the present review, we present an overall perspective of the most updated scientific literature on the newly called NGPs through the 5W1H (What, Why, Who, Where, When, and How) method, an innovative and attractive problem-solving approach that provides the reader an effective understanding of the issue at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Almeida
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Machado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Andrade
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Freitas
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
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28
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Lund BM. Provision of microbiologically safe food for vulnerable people in hospitals, care homes and in the community. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Zhang T, Zhang W, Ai D, Zhang R, Lu Q, Luo Q, Shao H. Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens and retail chicken meat in central China. Anaerobe 2018; 54:100-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Kiu R, Hall LJ. An update on the human and animal enteric pathogen Clostridium perfringens. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:141. [PMID: 30082713 PMCID: PMC6079034 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens, a rapid-growing pathogen known to secrete an arsenal of >20 virulent toxins, has been associated with intestinal diseases in both animals and humans throughout the past century. Recent advances in genomic analysis and experimental systems make it timely to re-visit this clinically and veterinary important pathogen. This Review will summarise our understanding of the genomics and virulence-linked factors, including antimicrobial potentials and secreted toxins of this gut pathogen, and then its up-to-date clinical epidemiology and biological role in the pathogenesis of several important human and animal-associated intestinal diseases, including pre-term necrotising enterocolitis. Finally, we highlight some of the important unresolved questions in relation to C. perfringens-mediated infections, and implications for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kiu
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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31
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Molecular genotyping, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens isolated from meat supplied to school cafeterias in South Korea. Anaerobe 2018; 52:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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