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Plácido E, Gomes Welter P, Wink A, Karasiak GD, Outeiro TF, Dafre AL, Gil-Mohapel J, Brocardo PS. Beyond Motor Deficits: Environmental Enrichment Mitigates Huntington's Disease Effects in YAC128 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12607. [PMID: 37628801 PMCID: PMC10454852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder characterized by motor, psychiatric, cognitive, and peripheral symptoms without effective therapy. Evidence suggests that lifestyle factors can modulate disease onset and progression, and environmental enrichment (EE) has emerged as a potential approach to mitigate the progression and severity of neurodegenerative processes. Wild-type (WT) and yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) 128 mice were exposed to different EE conditions. Animals from cohort 1 were exposed to EE between postnatal days 21 and 60, and animals from cohort 2 were exposed to EE between postnatal days 60 and 120. Motor and non-motor behavioral tests were employed to evaluate the effects of EE on HD progression. Monoamine levels, hippocampal cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and dendritic arborization were also assessed. Here we show that EE had an antidepressant-like effect and slowed the progression of motor deficits in HD mice. It also reduced monoamine levels, which correlated with better motor performance, particularly in the striatum. EE also modulated neuronal differentiation in the YAC128 hippocampus. These results confirm that EE can impact behavior, hippocampal neuroplasticity, and monoamine levels in YAC128 mice, suggesting this could be a therapeutic strategy to modulate neuroplasticity deficits in HD. However, further research is needed to fully understand EE's mechanisms and long-term effects as an adjuvant therapy for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelini Plácido
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil (A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Priscilla Gomes Welter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil (A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Ana Wink
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil (A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Gabriela Duarte Karasiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- Max Planck Institute for Natural Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 18147 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil (A.W.); (A.L.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil (A.W.); (A.L.D.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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2
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Ogilvie AC, Carnahan RM, Chrischilles EA, Schultz JL. The effects of antidepressants on depressive symptoms in manifest Huntington's disease. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162:111023. [PMID: 36063627 PMCID: PMC9951204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently there is little evidence to guide the treatment of depression in Huntington's disease (HD). The primary objective was to determine the effectiveness of antidepressant medications on lowering depressive symptom scores in patients with manifest HD. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of antidepressant use on measures of disease progression. METHODS After retrospectively identifying motor-manifest HD participants with at least borderline depressive symptoms from the Enroll-HD database, 86 new users of antidepressant medication were exact matched with non-users on depression score, and matched on propensity scores developed using age, sex, CAG repeat length, anxiety scores, and disease progression measures. Linear mixed effect models were used to assess the change in depression scores, anxiety scores, and disease progression measures based on antidepressant use between two visits approximately one-year apart. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the change in depression score between antidepressant users and non-users (p = 0.46). There were also no significant differences in the change in total motor score (p = 0.88), total functional capacity score (p = 0.16), number correct on the symbol digit modality test (p = 0.49), or anxiety score (p = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS Initiation of antidepressant medication was not associated with a greater reduction in depressive symptoms or changes in other symptoms when compared to non-use. The findings of this study support further research on the effectiveness of antidepressants in Huntington's disease patients. Clinical trials or studies with a larger sample of new antidepressant users should be used to assess the causal effects of antidepressant medications on depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Ogilvie
- Department of Epidemiology, The College of Public Health at the University of Iowa, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, The Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, United States of America.
| | - Ryan M Carnahan
- Department of Epidemiology, The College of Public Health at the University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Chrischilles
- Department of Epidemiology, The College of Public Health at the University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jordan L Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry, The Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, United States of America; Department of Neurology, The Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, United States of America; Division of Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, The College of Pharmacy at the University of Iowa, United States of America
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3
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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder Comorbid with Huntington’s Disease: A Case Report. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci2040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare genetic disorder resulting in progressive neurodegeneration leading to motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. A high percentage of HD patients suffer from comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). We are not aware of any literature on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating comorbid MDD in HD. We present the case of a 57-year-old man suffering from HD in which comorbid MDD was successfully treated with rTMS. Further work is required to better characterize the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of rTMS to treat comorbid MDD in HD.
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Kim A, Lalonde K, Truesdell A, Gomes Welter P, Brocardo PS, Rosenstock TR, Gil-Mohapel J. New Avenues for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168363. [PMID: 34445070 PMCID: PMC8394361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the HD gene. The disease is characterized by neurodegeneration, particularly in the striatum and cortex. The first symptoms usually appear in mid-life and include cognitive deficits and motor disturbances that progress over time. Despite being a genetic disorder with a known cause, several mechanisms are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration in HD, and numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have been conducted and are currently underway to test the efficacy of therapeutic approaches targeting some of these mechanisms with varying degrees of success. Although current clinical trials may lead to the identification or refinement of treatments that are likely to improve the quality of life of those living with HD, major efforts continue to be invested at the pre-clinical level, with numerous studies testing novel approaches that show promise as disease-modifying strategies. This review offers a detailed overview of the currently approved treatment options for HD and the clinical trials for this neurodegenerative disorder that are underway and concludes by discussing potential disease-modifying treatments that have shown promise in pre-clinical studies, including increasing neurotropic support, modulating autophagy, epigenetic and genetic manipulations, and the use of nanocarriers and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kim
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Kathryn Lalonde
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Aaron Truesdell
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Priscilla Gomes Welter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (P.G.W.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (P.G.W.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Tatiana R. Rosenstock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-250-472-4597; Fax: +1-250-472-5505
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5
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Achenbach J, Saft C, Faissner S. Longitudinal Evaluation of the Effect of Tricyclic Antidepressants and Neuroleptics on the Course of Huntington's Disease-Data from a Real World Cohort. Brain Sci 2021; 11:413. [PMID: 33805940 PMCID: PMC8064332 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reducing the progress of neurodegeneration is a key goal in Huntington´s disease (HD). A previously performed systematic screening for medications with neuroprotective features identified tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics as neuroprotective and mitochondrioprotective agents. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of disease manifestation, progression and potential beneficial effects in HD patients treated with afore-mentioned medications compared to un- and otherwise treated motor-manifest patients in a large real-world cohort over two years. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data of the largest cohort worldwide of motor-manifest HD patients using the ENROLL-HD database, including demographic, moleculargenetic, clinical-motoric, cognitive and functional data. Longitudinal data of up to two years were obtained to analyze potential effects on disease progression between groups with different medications used. Data were analyzed using repeated ANOVA-analyses while controlling for the co-variates age and CAG-repeat length. Results: We identified n = 7397 motor-manifest HD patients using no or different medication (HD-ctrl) and subgroups treated with clomipramine (n = 56), clozapine (n = 66), chlorpromazine (n = 17), doxepine (n = 34) and desi-, imi- or trimipramine (n = 19). Demographic parameters, disease onset and CAP-score did not differ. Total motor scores (TMS) at baseline were higher in patients treated with clozapine (p < 0.001), chlorpromazine and clomipramine (p < 0.05) compared to HD-ctrl with higher sub scores for bradykinesia (all p < 0.01) and dystonia in clozapine treated patients (p < 0.001). Functional and cognitive capacities were worse in medication groups in comparison to HD-ctrl at baseline (p < 0.001). Repeated measures analysis of variance documented no differences regarding motoric, functional and cognitive disease progressions between groups. Conclusions: We identified group differences, potentially caused by side effects or potential selection bias in terms of bradykinetic motoric symptoms, more dystonia and lower functional and cognitive performance in some treatment groups at baseline, which were not entirely explained because of underlying fundamental characteristics. Disease progression regarding clinical, functional and cognitive outcomes over two years was not affected by any of the treatment groups compared to HD-ctrl. Our data do not support our hypothesis of a potential neuroprotective effect of these drugs on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Achenbach
- Huntington Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (C.S.); (S.F.)
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6
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Chiki A, Ricci J, Hegde R, Abriata LA, Reif A, Boudeffa D, Lashuel HA. Site-Specific Phosphorylation of Huntingtin Exon 1 Recombinant Proteins Enabled by the Discovery of Novel Kinases. Chembiochem 2021; 22:217-231. [PMID: 32805086 PMCID: PMC8698011 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) within the first 17 amino acids (Nt17) of exon 1 of the Huntingtin protein (Httex1) play important roles in modulating its cellular properties and functions in health and disease. In particular, phosphorylation of threonine and serine residues (T3, S13, and/or S16) has been shown to inhibit Htt aggregation in vitro and inclusion formation in cellular and animal models of Huntington's disease (HD). In this paper, we describe a new and simple methodology for producing milligram quantities of highly pure wild-type or mutant Httex1 proteins that are site-specifically phosphorylated at T3 or at both S13 and S16. This advance was enabled by 1) the discovery and validation of novel kinases that efficiently phosphorylate Httex1 at S13 and S16 (TBK1), at T3 (GCK) or T3 and S13 (TNIK and HGK), and 2) the development of an efficient methodology for producing recombinant native Httex1 proteins by using a SUMO-fusion expression and purification strategy.[26] As a proof of concept, we demonstrate how this method can be applied to produce Httex1 proteins that are both site-specifically phosphorylated and fluorescently or isotopically labeled. Together, these advances should increase access to these valuable tools and expand the range of methods and experimental approaches that can be used to elucidate the mechanisms by which phosphorylation influences Httex1 or HTT structure, aggregation, interactome, and function(s) in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Chiki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences Brain Mind InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 191015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jonathan Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences Brain Mind InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 191015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ramanath Hegde
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences Brain Mind InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 191015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Luciano A. Abriata
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility and Laboratory for Biomolecular ModelingEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Reif
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences Brain Mind InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 191015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Driss Boudeffa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences Brain Mind InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 191015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, School of Life Sciences Brain Mind InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 191015LausanneSwitzerland
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7
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Zarotti N, Dale M, Eccles F, Simpson J. Psychological Interventions for People with Huntington's Disease: A Call to Arms. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 9:231-243. [PMID: 32894248 PMCID: PMC7683059 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Huntington's disease (HD) can cause a wide range of psychological difficulties, no review has ever been carried out on the range of psychological interventions adopted with this population. OBJECTIVE To scope the literature on psychological interventions for psychological difficulties in people affected by HD. METHODS A systematic scoping review was performed across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Ultimate, and Cochrane Library up to 1 March 2020. RESULTS From an initial return of 1579 citations, a total of nine papers were considered eligible for review. These included a qualitative investigation, three case studies, two case series, two uncontrolled pretest-posttest designs, and only one randomised control trial (RCT). Despite the wide range of psychological difficulties which can be experienced by people affected by the HD gene expansion, the adopted interventions only accounted for five main psychological outcomes (anxiety, apathy, depression, irritability, and coping). Further discussion and suggestions for future research are provided for each outcome. CONCLUSION The current literature on psychological interventions in people affected by HD is extremely limited both in terms of methods and addressed clinical outcomes. Consequently, no conclusions can be offered yet as to which psychological therapy may help this population. As further more comprehensive research is urgently needed for this group, the ultimate aim of the present review is to act as a call to arms for HD researchers worldwide to help shed light on the most effective way to translate psychological theory into practice for the benefit of people affected by HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Zarotti
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Maria Dale
- Adult Mental Health Psychology, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Fiona Eccles
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jane Simpson
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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8
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Gedunin Degrades Aggregates of Mutant Huntingtin Protein and Intranuclear Inclusions via the Proteasomal Pathway in Neurons and Fibroblasts from Patients with Huntington's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:1024-1034. [PMID: 31432317 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a deadly neurodegenerative disease with abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. Mutant Huntingtin protein (mHTT) forms abnormal aggregates and intranuclear inclusions in specific neurons, resulting in cell death. Here, we tested the ability of a natural heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor, Gedunin, to degrade transfected mHTT in Neuro-2a cells and endogenous mHTT aggregates and intranuclear inclusions in both fibroblasts from HD patients and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients. Our data showed that Gedunin treatment degraded transfected mHTT in Neuro-2a cells, endogenous mHTT aggregates and intranuclear inclusions in fibroblasts from HD patients, and in neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and its activity depended on the proteasomal pathway rather than the autophagy route. These findings also showed that although Gedunin degraded abnormal mHTT aggregates and intranuclear inclusions in cells from HD patient, it did not affect normal cells, thus providing a new perspective for using Gedunin to treat HD.
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9
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Vitanova KS, Stringer KM, Benitez DP, Brenton J, Cummings DM. Dementia associated with disorders of the basal ganglia. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1728-1741. [PMID: 31392765 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is now the leading cause of death in the United Kingdom, accounting for over 12% of all deaths and is the fifth most common cause of death worldwide. As treatments for heart disease and cancers improve and the population ages, the number of sufferers will only increase, with the chance of developing dementia doubling every 5 years after the age of 65. Finding an effective treatment is ever more critical to avert this pandemic health (and economic) crisis. To date, most dementia-related research has focused on the cortex and the hippocampus; however, with dementia becoming more fully recognized as aspects of diseases historically categorized as motor disorders (e.g., Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases), the role of the basal ganglia in dementia is coming to the fore. Conversely, it is highly likely that neuronal pathways in these structures traditionally considered as spared in Alzheimer's disease are also affected, particularly in later stages of the disease. In this review, we examine some of the limited evidence linking the basal ganglia to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina S Vitanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katie M Stringer
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Diana P Benitez
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Brenton
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Damian M Cummings
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
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10
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Galts CP, Bettio LE, Jewett DC, Yang CC, Brocardo PS, Rodrigues ALS, Thacker JS, Gil-Mohapel J. Depression in neurodegenerative diseases: Common mechanisms and current treatment options. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:56-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Herzog–Krzywoszanska R, Krzywoszanski L. Sleep Disorders in Huntington's Disease. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:221. [PMID: 31031659 PMCID: PMC6474183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's chorea (Huntington's disease, HD) is a genetic disorder caused by autosomal dominant mutation, leading to progressive neurodegenerative changes in the central nervous system. Involuntary movements such as chorea occur typically in HD patients, accompanied by progressive cognitive and psychiatric disturbances. Other common symptoms of HD are circadian and sleep abnormalities, which are observed from the earliest stages of the disease or even before the occurrence of clinical symptoms. The most common sleep problems reported by HD patients include insomnia, difficulties in falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Also, specific changes in sleep architecture have been identified in HD. In this paper, we review studies on sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in HD. We outline findings concerning sleep patterns and disturbances of circadian rhythms in HD patients, as well as the role of psychiatric disorders and motor disorders in HD patients' sleep problems. We also discuss problems related to the different methods of diagnosing sleep disorders in HD. Furthermore, the adverse effects of medication used for the treatment of core HD symptoms as one of the sources of sleep disturbances in HD are emphasized. In conclusion, the diversity and complexity of the determinants of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in HD are highlighted. Finally, the relevance of effective treatment to improve patients' functioning and quality of life as well as the potential relief of their cognitive and emotional symptoms is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukasz Krzywoszanski
- Neurocognitive Psychology Unit, Chair of Psychology, Faculty of Pedagogy, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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12
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Clare L, Teale JC, Toms G, Kudlicka A, Evans I, Abrahams S, Goldstein LH, Hindle JV, Ho AK, Jahanshahi M, Langdon D, Morris R, Snowden JS, Davies R, Markova I, Busse M, Thompson-Coon J. Cognitive rehabilitation, self-management, psychotherapeutic and caregiver support interventions in progressive neurodegenerative conditions: A scoping review. NeuroRehabilitation 2019; 43:443-471. [DOI: 10.3233/nre-172353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Clare
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- PenCLAHRC, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Centre for Research Excellence in Cognitive Health, Australian National University, Canberra City, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Gill Toms
- Wales School for Social Care Research, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, UK
| | - Aleksandra Kudlicka
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- PenCLAHRC, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Isobel Evans
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sharon Abrahams
- Psychology-PPLS and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Laura H. Goldstein
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - John V. Hindle
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Aileen K. Ho
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Dawn Langdon
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
| | - Robin Morris
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Julie S. Snowden
- Cerebral Function Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Rhys Davies
- Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ivana Markova
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Monica Busse
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) presents clinically with a triad of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Cognitive symptoms often occur early within the disease progression, prior to the onset of motor symptoms, and they are significantly burdensome to people who are affected by HD. In order to determine the suitability of mouse models of HD in recapitulating the human condition, these models must be behaviorally tested and characterized. Operant behavioral testing offers an automated and objective method of behaviorally profiling motor, cognitive, and psychiatric dysfunction in HD mice. Furthermore, operant testing can also be employed to determine any behavioral changes observed after any associated interventions or experimental therapeutics. We here present an overview of the most commonly used operant behavioral tests to dissociate motor, cognitive, and psychiatric aspects of mouse models of HD.
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14
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Paoli RA, Botturi A, Ciammola A, Silani V, Prunas C, Lucchiari C, Zugno E, Caletti E. Neuropsychiatric Burden in Huntington's Disease. Brain Sci 2017; 7:E67. [PMID: 28621715 PMCID: PMC5483640 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a disorder that results in motor, cognitive, and psychiatric problems. The symptoms often take different forms and the presence of disturbances of the psychic sphere reduces patients' autonomy and quality of life, also impacting patients' social life. It is estimated that a prevalence between 33% and 76% of the main psychiatric syndromes may arise in different phases of the disease, often in atypical form, even 20 years before the onset of chorea and dementia. We present a narrative review of the literature describing the main psychopathological patterns that may be found in Huntington's disease, searching for a related article in the main database sources (Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Medscape). Psychiatric conditions were classified into two main categories: affective and nonaffective disorders/symptoms; and anxiety and neuropsychiatric features such as apathy and irritability. Though the literature is extensive, it is not always convergent, probably due to the high heterogeneity of methods used. We summarize main papers for pathology and sample size, in order to present a synoptic vision of the argument. Since the association between Huntington's disease and psychiatric symptoms was demonstrated, we argue that the prevalent and more invalidating psychiatric components should be recognized as early as possible during the disease course in order to best address psychopharmacological therapy, improve quality of life, and also reduce burden on caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Paoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Andrea Botturi
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ciammola
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20149, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20149, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Prunas
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Claudio Lucchiari
- Department of Philosophy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Elisa Zugno
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Department of Psychiatry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
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van Duijn E. Medical treatment of behavioral manifestations of Huntington disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 144:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801893-4.00011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wright DJ, Renoir T, Gray LJ, Hannan AJ. Huntington’s Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 15:93-128. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Prolonged day length exposure improves circadian deficits and survival in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2016; 2:27-38. [PMID: 31236493 PMCID: PMC6575567 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian disruption seen in patients of Huntington's disease (HD) is recapitulated in the R6/2 mouse model. As the disease progresses, the activity of R6/2 mice increases dramatically during the rest (light) period and decreases during the active (dark) period, eventually leading to a complete disintegration of rest-activity rhythms by the age of ~16 weeks. The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls circadian rhythms by entraining the rest-activity rhythms to the environmental light-dark cycle. Since R6/2 mice can shift their rest-activity rhythms in response to a jet-lag paradigm and also respond positively to bright light therapy (1000 lx), we investigated whether or not a prolonged day length exposure could reduce their daytime activity and improve their behavioural circadian rhythms. We found that a long-day photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark cycle; 100 lx) significantly improved the survival of R6/2 female mice by 2.4 weeks, compared to mice kept under standard conditions (12 h light/12 h dark cycle). Furthermore, a long-day photoperiod improved the nocturnality of R6/2 female mice. Mice kept under long-day photoperiod also maintained acrophase in activity rhythms (a parameter of rhythmicity strength) in phase with that of WT mice, even if they were symptomatic. By contrast, a short-day photoperiod (8 h light/16 h dark cycle) was deleterious to R6/2 female mice and further reduced the survival by ~1 week. Together, our results support the idea that light therapy may be beneficial for improving circadian dysfunction in HD patients. Chronic exposure to a long day (16:8 LD) is beneficial to R6/2 female mice. The 16:8 LD cycle slowed body weight loss and improved survival of R6/2 mice. Lifespan of R6/2 female mice was extended by ~2.4 weeks under 16:8 LD cycle. R6/2 female mice under 16:8 LD had stabilised acrophase in activity rhythms. Lifespan of R6/2 female mice was reduced by chronic exposure to a short day (8:16 LD).
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- DD, constant darkness
- Depression
- EEG, electroencephalography
- Estrogen
- HD, Huntington's disease
- HPA axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- L-DOPA, levodopa
- LD, light-dark
- Lifespan
- REM sleep, rapid eye movement sleep
- SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus
- Sleep
- Transgenic mouse
- WT, wild type
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Hammar Å, Neto E, Clemo L, Hjetland GJ, Hugdahl K, Elliott R. Striatal hypoactivation and cognitive slowing in patients with partially remitted and remitted major depression. Psych J 2016; 5:191-205. [DOI: 10.1002/pchj.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Division of Psychiatry; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Moodnet Research Group; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - Emanuel Neto
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Leila Clemo
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Department; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Gunnhild J. Hjetland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Division of Psychiatry; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Radiology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Department; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
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19
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Dale M, Maltby J, Shimozaki S, Cramp R, Rickards H. Disease stage, but not sex, predicts depression and psychological distress in Huntington's disease: A European population study. J Psychosom Res 2016; 80:17-22. [PMID: 26721543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and anxiety significantly affect morbidity in Huntington's disease. Mice. models of Huntington's disease have identified sex differences in mood-like behaviours that vary across disease lifespan, but this interaction has not previously been explored in humans with Huntington's disease. However, among certain medical populations, evidence of sex differences in mood across various disease stages has been found, reflecting trends among the general population that women tend to experience anxiety and depression 1.5 to 2 times more than men. The current study examined whether disease stage and sex, either separately or as an interaction term, predicted anxiety and depression in Huntington's disease. METHODS A cross-sectional study of REGISTRY data involving 453 Huntington's disease participants from 12 European countries was undertaken using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A series of multiple regression analyses were undertaken to discover to what extent disease stage and sex predicted anxiety, depression, and general distress after controlling for a number of known predictors of mood difficulties. RESULTS Disease stage, but not sex, was found to predict depressive symptoms and general distress. Neither disease stage nor sex predicted anxiety. Furthermore, an interaction term computed for disease stage and sex did not contribute to the models tested. CONCLUSION In terms of considering risks to developing depression and anxiety in the Huntington's disease population, practitioners may need to pay special attention to disease stage progression (but not sex differences) to enable early detection and treatment of depression (but not anxiety).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dale
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - John Maltby
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
| | - Steve Shimozaki
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Cramp
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Rickards
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
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Ciamei A, Detloff PJ, Morton AJ. Progression of behavioural despair in R6/2 and Hdh knock-in mouse models recapitulates depression in Huntington's disease. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:140-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Hubers AAM, van der Mast RC, Pereira AM, Roos RAC, Veen LJ, Cobbaert CM, van Duijn E, Giltay EJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning in Huntington's disease and its association with depressive symptoms and suicidality. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:234-44. [PMID: 25565388 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been reported in Huntington's disease (HD). In non-HD populations, alterations in HPA axis activity have been associated with depression and suicidality. The present study aims to compare HPA axis activity between HD mutation carriers and controls, and examine its association with depressive symptoms and suicidality. To this end, salivary cortisol concentrations at seven time points, as well as depressive symptoms and suicidality, were assessed in 49 pre-motor, 102 motor symptomatic mutation carriers and 55 controls, at baseline and follow-up combined. Differences in parameters of HPA axis activity between these three groups, and their associations with depressive symptoms and suicidality in HD mutation carriers, were analysed using multilevel regression analyses. There were no differences in parameters of HPA axis activity between mutation carriers and controls, whereas pre-motor symptomatic mutation carriers had a significantly higher area under the curve to the increase (AUCi ) compared to motor symptomatic mutation carriers. In the entire HD cohort, HPA axis activity was not associated with depressive symptoms or suicidality. After stratifying mutation carriers into pre-motor, early and advanced disease stages, β values differed between these groups. Remarkably, a higher AUCi was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in pre-motor and early disease stage mutation carriers, with a reverse nonsignificant association in advanced disease stage mutation carriers. The lower AUCi in motor symptomatic mutation carriers and the varying associations with depressive symptoms and suicidality in pre-motor, early and advanced disease stages could possibly be explained by exhaustion of the HPA axis after prolonged stress-induced HPA axis hyperactivity and deserves further longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M Hubers
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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N-Acetylcysteine improves mitochondrial function and ameliorates behavioral deficits in the R6/1 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e492. [PMID: 25562842 PMCID: PMC4312826 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, involving psychiatric, cognitive and motor symptoms, caused by a CAG-repeat expansion encoding an extended polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity have previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of HD. We hypothesized that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may reduce both excitotoxicity and oxidative stress through its actions on glutamate reuptake and antioxidant capacity. The R6/1 transgenic mouse model of HD was used to investigate the effects of NAC on HD pathology. It was found that chronic NAC administration delayed the onset and progression of motor deficits in R6/1 mice, while having an antidepressant-like effect on both R6/1 and wild-type mice. A deficit in the astrocytic glutamate transporter protein, GLT-1, was found in R6/1 mice. However, this deficit was not ameliorated by NAC, implying that the therapeutic effect of NAC is not due to rescue of the GLT-1 deficit and associated glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Assessment of mitochondrial function in the striatum and cortex revealed that R6/1 mice show reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity specific to the striatum. This deficit was rescued by chronic treatment with NAC. There was a selective increase in markers of oxidative damage in mitochondria, which was rescued by NAC. In conclusion, NAC is able to delay the onset of motor deficits in the R6/1 model of Huntington's disease and it may do so by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, NAC shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent in HD. Furthermore, our data suggest that NAC may also have broader antidepressant efficacy.
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23
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Physical exercise-induced adult neurogenesis: a good strategy to prevent cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:403120. [PMID: 24818140 PMCID: PMC4000963 DOI: 10.1155/2014/403120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has indicated that there is an important role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive function. With the increasing prevalence of cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases among the ageing population, physical exercise, a potent enhancer of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, has emerged as a potential preventative strategy/treatment to reduce cognitive decline. Here we review the functional role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in learning and memory, and how this form of structural plasticity is altered in neurodegenerative diseases known to involve cognitive impairment. We further discuss how physical exercise may contribute to cognitive improvement in the ageing brain by preserving adult neurogenesis, and review the recent approaches for measuring changes in neurogenesis in the live human brain.
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24
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Cusin C, Franco FB, Fernandez-Robles C, DuBois CM, Welch CA. Rapid improvement of depression and psychotic symptoms in Huntington's disease: a retrospective chart review of seven patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2013; 35:678.e3-5. [PMID: 23541803 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with Huntington's disease (HD) develop psychiatric symptoms such as depression and psychosis. For severe symptoms, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can be a valuable treatment. In this case series, we identified seven patients with HD who received ECT at Massachusetts General Hospital in the past 20 years. In all cases, ECT was well tolerated and produced improvement in psychiatric and behavioral symptoms. Our case series supports the hypothesis of a positive risk-benefit ratio for ECT in patients with HD and severe depression or psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cusin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Yu D, Yuan K, Zhao L, Liang F, Qin W. Regional homogeneity abnormalities affected by depressive symptoms in migraine patients without aura: a resting state study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77933. [PMID: 24147100 PMCID: PMC3797775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bidirectional relationship between migraine and depression suggests that there might be some etiological risk factors shared. However, few studies investigated resting state abnormalities affected by depressive symptoms in migraine patients without aura (MWoA). Materials and Methods According to their self-rating depression scale (SDS) score, MWoA were divided into twenty in the SDS (+) (SDS > 49) group and 20 in the SDS (−) (SDS ≤ 49) group. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) method were employed to assess local features of spontaneous brain activity between 1) all MWoA and healthy controls, 2) each subgroup and healthy controls, and 3) SDS (−) group and SDS (+) group. Results Compared with healthy controls, decreased ReHo in similar regions were shown in the MWoA group and subgroups. It is noteworthy that the caudate showed increased ReHo in the SDS (−) group compared with healthy controls and the SDS (+) group. Moreover, the average ReHo values of the caudate in SDS (−) group were significantly positively correlated with duration of migraine. Conclusions Our results suggested that ReHo patterns in migraine patients may be affected by depressive symptoms and serve as a biomarker to reflect depression severity in MWoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahua Yu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (KY); (FL)
| | - Ling Zhao
- The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (KY); (FL)
| | - Wei Qin
- Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Curtis MA, Low VF, Faull RLM. Neurogenesis and progenitor cells in the adult human brain: a comparison between hippocampal and subventricular progenitor proliferation. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:990-1005. [PMID: 22539366 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, we have known that the human brain harbors progenitor cells capable of becoming mature neurons in the adult human brain. Since the original landmark article by Eriksson et al. in 1998 (Nat Med 4:1313-1317), there have been many studies investigating the effect that depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease have on the germinal zones in the adult human brain. Of particular interest is the demonstration that there are far fewer progenitor cells in the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) compared with the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the human brain. Furthermore, the quantity of progenitor cell proliferation in human neurodegenerative diseases differs from that of animal models of neurodegenerative diseases; there is minimal progenitor proliferation in the SGZ and extensive proliferation in the SVZ in the human. In this review, we will present the data from a range of human and rodent studies from which we can compare the amount of proliferation of cells in the SVZ and SGZ in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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27
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28
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Low V, Dragunow M, Tippett L, Faull R, Curtis M. No change in progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus in Huntington's disease. Neuroscience 2011; 199:577-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Gil-Mohapel J, Simpson JM, Ghilan M, Christie BR. Neurogenesis in Huntington's disease: Can studying adult neurogenesis lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies? Brain Res 2011; 1406:84-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Boxall R, Porteous DJ, Thomson PA. DISC1 and Huntington's disease--overlapping pathways of vulnerability to neurological disorder? PLoS One 2011; 6:e16263. [PMID: 21298101 PMCID: PMC3027647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We re-annotated the interacting partners of the neuronal scaffold protein DISC1 using a knowledge-based approach that incorporated recent protein interaction data and published literature to. This revealed two highly connected networks. These networks feature cellular function and maintenance, and cell signaling. Of potentially greatest interest was the novel finding of a high degree of connectivity between the DISC1 scaffold protein, linked to psychiatric illness, and huntingtin, the protein which is mutated in Huntington's disease. The potential link between DISC1, huntingtin and their interacting partners may open new areas of research into the effects of pathway dysregulation in severe neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Boxall
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pippa A. Thomson
- Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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31
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Marchand WR. Cortico-basal ganglia circuitry: a review of key research and implications for functional connectivity studies of mood and anxiety disorders. Brain Struct Funct 2010; 215:73-96. [PMID: 20938681 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-010-0280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that dysfunction of the cortico-basal ganglia circuits may be associated with several mood and anxiety disorders. However, it is unclear whether circuit abnormalities contribute directly either to the neurobiology of these conditions or to the manifestation of symptoms. Understanding the role of these pathways in psychiatric illness has been limited by an incomplete characterization of normal function. In recent years, studies using animal models and human functional imaging have greatly expanded the literature describing normal cortico-basal ganglia circuit function. In this paper, recent key studies of circuit function using human and animal models are reviewed and integrated with findings from other studies conducted over the previous decades. The literature suggests several hypotheses of cortico-basal ganglia circuitry function in mood and anxiety disorders that warrant further exploration. Hypotheses are proposed herein based upon the cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms of: (1) feedforward and feedback control, (2) circuit integration and (3) emotional control. These are presented as models of circuit function, which may be particularly relevant to future investigations using neuroimaging and functional connectivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Marchand
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VHASLCHCS 151, 500 Foothill, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA.
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De Souza J, Jones LA, Rickards H. Validation of self-report depression rating scales in Huntington's disease. Mov Disord 2010; 25:91-6. [PMID: 19908314 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the criterion validity of three self-report measures of depression in a sample of patients with Huntington's disease (HD). Fifty patients with HD completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Depression Intensity Scale Circles (DISCs). Current psychiatric status was assessed using the schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry (SCAN), and ICD-10 diagnosis was used as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were obtained and the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were calculated for different cut-off scores on each rating scale. Twelve patients (24%) met ICD-10 criteria for depressive disorder. The depression sub-scale of the HADS (HADS-D) at an optimal cut-off of 6/7 was found to discriminate maximally between depressed and nondepressed patients in this population. The DISCs at a cut-off of 1/2 also performed well at detecting possible "cases" of depression, whereas the BDI-II performed the least satisfactorily of all scales. The HADS-D and DISCs are good screening measures for depression in the HD population and the DISCs may be particularly useful in those patients with more severe communicative and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer De Souza
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Neuropsychiatry Service, Birmingham B15 2FG, United Kingdom.
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Koolschijn PCMP, van Haren NEM, Lensvelt-Mulders GJLM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kahn RS. Brain volume abnormalities in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2010; 30:3719-35. [PMID: 19441021 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE So far, there have been no attempts to integrate the growing number of all brain volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies in depression. In this comprehensive meta-analysis the magnitude and extent of brain volume differences between 2,418 patients with major depressive disorder and 1,974 healthy individuals from 64 studies was determined. METHODS A systematic research was conducted for volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with major depressive disorder in relation to healthy control subjects. Studies had to report sufficient data for computation of effect sizes. For each study, the Cohen's d was calculated. All analyses were performed using the random effects model. Additionally, meta-regression analyses were done to explore the effects of potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Patients showed large volume reductions in frontal regions, especially in the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex with smaller reductions in the prefrontal cortex. The hippocampus, the putamen and caudate nucleus showed moderate volume reductions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive meta-analysis in major depressive disorder demonstrating structural brain abnormalities, particularly in those brain areas that are involved in emotion processing and stress-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cédric M P Koolschijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Bipolar and major depressive disorder: neuroimaging the developmental-degenerative divide. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 33:699-771. [PMID: 19428491 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are the subject of a voluminous imaging and genetics literature. Here, we attempt a comprehensive review of MRI and metabolic PET studies conducted to date on these two disorders, and interpret our findings from the perspective of developmental and degenerative models of illness. Elevated activity and volume loss of the hippocampus, orbital and ventral prefrontal cortex are recurrent themes in the literature. In contrast, dorsal aspects of the PFC tend to display hypometabolism. Ventriculomegaly and white matter hyperintensities are intimately associated with depression in elderly populations and likely have a vascular origin. Important confounding influences are medication, phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, and technological limitations. We suggest that environmental stress and genetic risk variants interact with each other in a complex manner to alter neural circuitry and precipitate illness. Imaging genetic approaches hold out promise for advancing our understanding of affective illness.
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Li XM, Zhu BG, Ma S, Zhou W, Wei Z, Zheng YX, Zhao XD, Zhu RS. Depressive-like behavior in mice recently recovered from motor disorders after 3-nitropropionic acid intoxication. Neurosci Bull 2008; 24:225-30. [PMID: 18668151 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-008-0304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Striatum may be involved in depressive disorders according to the neuroimaging analysis and clinical data. However, no animal model at present supported the possible role of striatum in the pathogenesis of depression. In the present study, we have investigated the depressive-like behavior in mice recently intoxicated with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a widely known toxin that selectively damages the striatum in the brain. METHODS Mouse model was made with subacute systemic 3-NP treatment, and the depressive-like behavior was measured using the duration of immobility during forced swimming test (FST). RESULTS When the mice at day 15 post-intoxication just totally recovered from motor deficits, the duration of immobility in FST was significantly longer than that in controls. The depressive-like behavior was not due to the fatigue or general sickness following 3-NP intoxication and could be reversed by the antidepressant, desipramine hydrochloride. In two successive FST in 24 h interval, the depressive-like behavior could be observed again in subsequent FST (at day 16 post-intoxication), and the mice presented a normal "learned helplessness". CONCLUSION A novel depression animal model could be established in mice during the initial period of recovery from 3-NP intoxication. The depression-like behavior might occur independently without involvement of cognitive defects, and the striatal lesions may underlie the depression-like behavior attributable to 3-NP intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Li
- Department of Physiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pang TY, Du X, Zajac MS, Howard ML, Hannan AJ. Altered serotonin receptor expression is associated with depression-related behavior in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 18:753-66. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Duan W, Peng Q, Masuda N, Ford E, Tryggestad E, Ladenheim B, Zhao M, Cadet JL, Wong J, Ross CA. Sertraline slows disease progression and increases neurogenesis in N171-82Q mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 30:312-322. [PMID: 18403212 PMCID: PMC3683653 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from CAG repeat expansion in the gene that encodes for the protein huntingtin. To identify neuroprotective compound (s) that can slow down disease progression and can be administered long term with few side effects in Huntington's disease, we investigated the effect of sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) which has been shown to upregulate BDNF levels in rodent brains. We report here that in HD mice sertraline increased BDNF levels, preserved chaperone protein HSP70 and Bcl-2 levels in brains, attenuated the progression of brain atrophy and behavioral abnormalities and thereby increased survival. Sertraline also enhanced neurogenesis, which appeared to be responsible for mediating the beneficial effects of sertraline in HD mice. Additionally, the effective levels of sertraline are comparable to the safe levels achievable in humans. The findings suggest that sertraline is a potential candidate for treatment of HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Duan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Qi Peng
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Naoki Masuda
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Eric Ford
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Erik Tryggestad
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Bruce Ladenheim
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Oncology Analytical Pharmacology Core, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - John Wong
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Christopher A Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CMSC 8-121, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Matsuo K, Rosenberg DR, Easter PC, MacMaster FP, Chen HH, Nicoletti M, Caetano SC, Hatch JP, Soares JC. Striatal volume abnormalities in treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with pediatric major depressive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2008; 18:121-31. [PMID: 18439110 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2007.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The striatum, including the putamen and caudate, plays an important role in executive and emotional processing and may be involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Few studies have examined structural abnormalities of the striatum in pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. We report striatal volume abnormalities in medication-naïve pediatric MDD compared to healthy comparison subjects. METHOD Twenty seven medication-naïve pediatric Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) MDD and 26 healthy comparison subjects underwent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The putamen and caudate volumes were traced manually by a blinded rater, and the patient and control groups were compared using analysis of covariance adjusting for age, sex, intelligence quotient, and total brain volumes. RESULTS MDD patients had significantly smaller right striatum (6.0% smaller) and right caudate volumes (7.4% smaller) compared to the healthy subjects. Left caudate volumes were inversely correlated with severity of depression in MDD subjects. Age was inversely correlated with left and right putamen volumes in MDD patients but not in the healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide fresh evidence for abnormalities in the striatum of medication-naïve pediatric MDD patients and suggest the possible involvement of the striatum in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuo
- MOOD-CNS Program, Division of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Kingma EM, van Duijn E, Timman R, van der Mast RC, Roos RAC. Behavioural problems in Huntington's disease using the Problem Behaviours Assessment. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2008; 30:155-61. [PMID: 18291297 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate behavioural problems in Huntington's disease (HD). METHOD In 152 HD mutation carriers and a control group of 56 noncarriers at initial 50% risk, the Dutch version of the Problem Behaviours Assessment (PBA) was administered. Mutation carriers were divided into three groups according to the motor section of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS): pre-(motor) symptomatic, early and advanced symptomatic subjects. The factor structure and interrater reliability of the PBA were investigated. RESULTS The clinically relevant interrater reliability of the PBA was 0.82 for severity scores and 0.73 for frequency scores. The PBA showed a three-factor solution: apathy, depression and irritability. Mutation carriers, including presymptomatic subjects, portrayed more apathy, depression and irritability than noncarriers. Early symptomatic subjects had more apathy, but not more depression or irritability, compared to presymptomatic subjects. Advanced symptomatic subjects had more apathy than early symptomatic subjects. CONCLUSIONS The PBA is a reliable and sensitive instrument. Behavioural problems occur in all stages of HD and arise before the onset of motor symptoms. Apathy is related to disease severity, whereas depression and irritability are not. The broad clinical phenotype of HD therefore requires adequate service delivery with integrated and multidisciplinary patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Kingma
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Peng Q, Masuda N, Jiang M, Li Q, Zhao M, Ross CA, Duan W. The antidepressant sertraline improves the phenotype, promotes neurogenesis and increases BDNF levels in the R6/2 Huntington's disease mouse model. Exp Neurol 2007; 210:154-63. [PMID: 18096160 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive movement, psychiatric and cognitive disturbances. Previous studies have indicated that HD pathogenesis may be mediated in part by loss of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Antidepressants selectively blocking serotonin reuptake can increase BDNF levels, and also may increase neurogenesis. Here we report that an SSRI antidepressant, sertraline, prolongs survival, improves motor performance, and ameliorates brain atrophy in the R6/2 HD mouse model. Six-week-old R6/2 mice and nontransgenic control mice were administered either sertraline or vehicle daily. Motor function was assessed in an accelerating rotarod test and evaluated at 10 weeks. R6/2 mice exhibited reduced time on the rod. Sertraline treatment improved the motor performance in R6/2 mice, but did not affect nontransgenic mice. R6/2 mice showed significant striatal atrophy which was reduced by sertraline treatment. These beneficial effects of sertraline are associated with enhanced neurogenesis and increased BDNF levels in brain treated with sertraline. The effective serum and brain levels of sertraline are comparable to the levels achieved in human antidepressant treatment. Our findings provide evidence that sertraline is neuroprotective in this HD model. Successful treatment with sertraline in depressed HD patients has been reported; moreover, sertraline is safe and well-tolerated for long-term administration, including in HD patients. Our findings suggest that a clinical trial of SSRI treatment in order to retard disease progression in human HD may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Starkman MN, Giordani B, Gebarski SS, Schteingart DE. Improvement in mood and ideation associated with increase in right caudate volume. J Affect Disord 2007; 101:139-47. [PMID: 17174404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basal ganglia, particularly caudate, are hypothesized to play a role in affective and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The depressive syndrome is a feature of untreated Cushing's disease. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that after treatment of Cushing's disease reduces elevated cortisol, improvement in mood and related ideations are associated with increase in caudate volume. METHODS In this longitudinal, interventional study of 23 patients with Cushing's disease, 24-hour urinary free cortisol, structural magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures were obtained prior to treatment and approximately one year after pituitary microadenomectomy. Five SCL-90-R subscales measuring change in mood, related ideations and physical symptoms were utilized. RESULTS Partial correlations (adjusted for age and time since surgery) showed change in caudate, but not hippocampal, volume was significantly associated with change in behavioral SCL-90-R subscales, indicating selectivity for structure. Right but not left caudate showed associations, suggesting selectivity for lateralization. Right caudate volume increase was significantly associated with decreases in Depression, Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Paranoid scores, but not with Somatization (physical symptoms), indicating specificity for behavioral but not physical variables. LIMITATIONS A limitation is that relatively low-resolution scans were utilized. Although most likely not diminishing the significant findings, less sensitive methodology could lead to an increased probability of a type 2 error. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the concept that caudate, and likely right caudate, participates in human brain circuitry regulating mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica N Starkman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0840, United States.
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Kenney C, Hunter C, Mejia N, Jankovic J. Is history of depression a contraindication to treatment with tetrabenazine? Clin Neuropharmacol 2006; 29:259-64. [PMID: 16960470 DOI: 10.1097/01.wnf.0000228369.25593.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a history of depression predisposes hyperkinetic patients treated with tetrabenazine (TBZ) to a recurrence or worsening of this symptom. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 518 patients treated with TBZ to determine the frequency of depression and other adverse events. Charts were screened for the preexistence, development, or exacerbation of depression during the course of treatment. RESULTS The most common adverse events related to TBZ were somnolence (27.4%), depression (15.1%), parkinsonism (11.8%), and akathisia (8.9%); 78 patients (15.1%) experienced depression for the first time or an exacerbation of existing depression. Of those patients with no history of depression, 28 (11.4%) of 246 were newly diagnosed with depression. Patients with a documented history of depression experienced a significantly higher rate of worsening in 50 (18.4%) of 272 cases (P = 0.03). However, patients with a history of depression experienced more improvement of their hyperkinesia compared to those without a history of depression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Depression, an adverse event of TBZ, is more likely to occur or worsen in patients with a preexisting history of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kenney
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Louis ED, Applegate LM, Rios E. Interest in participating in clinical research: A study of essential tremor patients. Mov Disord 2006; 22:133-8. [PMID: 17089394 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Enrolling essential tremor (ET) patients in clinical research can be challenging. Investigators can maximize recruitment by targeting patient subgroups with greater interest in participation. Nothing has been published on factors that are associated with higher levels of interest in participation. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with higher levels of interest in participating in clinical research on ET. A total of 149 ET patients were questioned about level of interest in participating in future research. Two questions were used, although one was of primary interest. Interest was rated from 0 to 10 (maximal). Data were collected on demographic factors, family history, and tremor-related disability. Tremor severity was assessed. The mean level of interest was 8.0 +/- 2.3. Level of interest was not related to age of tremor onset, tremor duration, tremor severity, extent of tremor-related disability, or use of tremor medication. Level of interest was related to family history of tremor (P < 0.05), concern that other family members might develop tremor (P < 0.05), >2 versus 0 live births in women (P < 0.05), the view that the tremor worsens with age (P < 0.05), and presence of head tremor (P = 0.05). A variety of factors were identified that were associated with greater interest in participating in clinical research. These observations should be assessed in additional patient samples. Investigators may use our observations to identify and target patients for clinical trials and other research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan D Louis
- H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Bonelli RM, Kapfhammer HP, Pillay SS, Yurgelun-Todd DA. Basal ganglia volumetric studies in affective disorder: what did we learn in the last 15 years? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 113:255-68. [PMID: 16252064 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Until today, morphometric neuroimaging studies on affective disorders concentrate on the limbic system, especially the hippocampus, amygdala, and anterior cingulate. In most of the studies and reviews available today, the basal ganglia are of secondary interest. It seems that the basal ganglia are interest of neurologist, whereas the limbic system is reserved for psychiatric neuroimaging studies. We follow a different approach in this review, studying all available papers on MRI research of the basal ganglia in unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. We found a possibly larger neostriatum in bipolar and possibly smaller one in unipolar patients. None of the unipolar studies found any larger basal ganglion, and only one out of 12 bipolar studies found smaller basal ganglia. Both findings seemed to depend on age (tendency toward smaller volumes in unipolar and bipolar with older age), sex (men tending to pathology in both disorders) and bipolar patients show a possible influence of medication, which is not assessed so far in unipolar depression. We conclude that several methodological shortcomings in volumetric MRI research on the basal ganglia in affective disorders make it necessary to imply more research in this area. We suggest (a) better MRI methods (we do not have a single volumetric 3 Tesla study in this patient group); (b) studies of medication-naïve patients (thus ruling out the medication effect); (c) Studies that directly compare unipolar depressed and bipolar patients are needed to determine whether these apparent differences in morphometric abnormalities, as observed through the mediating comparison with healthy subjects, are real.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Bonelli
- University Clinic of Psychiatry, Graz Medical University, Graz, Austria.
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Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder characterized by neurologic, cognitive, and psychiatric symptomatology. Psychiatric symptoms in HD are often amenable to treatment, and relief of these symptoms may provide significant improvement in quality of life. This review will briefly describe neurologic, neuropsychologic and brain imaging data, and then review psychiatric syndromes seen in HD and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Anderson
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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