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Zhang X, Wu L, Wang J, Mao F, Sun J, Cao D, Cao F. The Independent and Joint Effects of Different Childhood Abuse Types on Subjective Prospective and Retrospective Memory Impairment During Pregnancy. Front Psychol 2021; 12:753008. [PMID: 34867646 PMCID: PMC8639514 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.753008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Childhood abuse is considered a risk factor in various health outcomes during pregnancy. However, no study has explored the relationship between childhood abuse and memory impairment during pregnancy. This study is the first to explore the relationship between childhood abuse and subjective memory impairment. Participants, Setting, and Methods: A total of 1,825 pregnant women were recruited from a comprehensive hospital in Shandong province, China, and completed a questionnaire survey. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between childhood abuse and subjective prospective and retrospective memory. Results: Pregnant women with high total childhood abuse scores had high prospective and retrospective memory impairment. Among pregnant women reporting only emotional abuse, only physical abuse, or only sexual abuse, women reporting only emotional abuse were found to have high prospective and retrospective memory impairment. Women with all three childhood abuse types also had high prospective and retrospective memory impairment. Conclusion: Women who experienced childhood abuse, especially childhood emotional abuse, had high subjective memory impairment during pregnancy. It is important to ask pregnant women about their experiences of childhood abuse, especially emotional abuse, during early prenatal care, as such abuse is likely to have negative effects on memory during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liuliu Wu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangxiang Mao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Danfeng Cao
- Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Chung S, Fieremans E, Kucukboyaci NE, Wang X, Morton CJ, Novikov DS, Rath JF, Lui YW. Working Memory And Brain Tissue Microstructure: White Matter Tract Integrity Based On Multi-Shell Diffusion MRI. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3175. [PMID: 29453439 PMCID: PMC5816650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is a complex cognitive process at the intersection of sensory processing, learning, and short-term memory and also has a general executive attention component. Impaired working memory is associated with a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, but very little is known about how working memory relates to underlying white matter (WM) microstructure. In this study, we investigate the association between WM microstructure and performance on working memory tasks in healthy adults (right-handed, native English speakers). We combine compartment specific WM tract integrity (WMTI) metrics derived from multi-shell diffusion MRI as well as diffusion tensor/kurtosis imaging (DTI/DKI) metrics with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) subtests tapping auditory working memory. WMTI is a novel tool that helps us describe the microstructural characteristics in both the intra- and extra-axonal environments of WM such as axonal water fraction (AWF), intra-axonal diffusivity, extra-axonal axial and radial diffusivities, allowing a more biophysical interpretation of WM changes. We demonstrate significant positive correlations between AWF and letter-number sequencing (LNS), suggesting that higher AWF with better performance on complex, more demanding auditory working memory tasks goes along with greater axonal volume and greater myelination in specific regions, causing efficient and faster information process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohae Chung
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Els Fieremans
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Charles J Morton
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dmitry S Novikov
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Joseph F Rath
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yvonne W Lui
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Abstract
Even those who do not experience dementia or mild cognitive impairment may experience subtle cognitive changes associated with aging. Normal cognitive changes can affect an older adult's everyday function and quality of life, and a better understanding of this process may help clinicians distinguish normal from disease states. This article describes the neurocognitive changes observed in normal aging, followed by a description of the structural and functional alterations seen in aging brains. Practical implications of normal cognitive aging are then discussed, followed by a discussion of what is known about factors that may mitigate age-associated cognitive decline.
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Szajer J, Murphy C. Education level predicts retrospective metamemory accuracy in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:971-82. [PMID: 24131064 PMCID: PMC3909664 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.844771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of education on retrospective metamemory accuracy in 143 healthy older adults and 143 early to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, using retrospective measures of confidence in the accuracy of retrieval responses in an episodic odor recognition memory task. Relative confidence accuracy was computed as the difference between confidence judgments for correct and incorrect responses. In both AD patients and controls, individuals reporting 17 years of education or more had significantly more accurate levels of confidence than individuals with 12 years or less. Thus, education was a significant predictor of retrospective metamemory accuracy in healthy aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Szajer
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Claire Murphy
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA
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Lovato N, Lack L, Wright H, Kemps E, Cant M, Humphreys J. A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A COMPUTERIZED WORKING MEMORY TASK 1. Percept Mot Skills 2013. [DOI: 10.2466/22.24.pms.116.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lovato N, Lack L, Wright H, Kemps E, Cant M, Humphreys J. A Preliminary Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of a Computerized Working Memory Task. Percept Mot Skills 2013; 116:368-81. [DOI: 10.2466/22.24.pms.116.2.368-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a recently developed measure of working memory: the Double Span Task. The Double Span Task is the first experimental task designed to assess all three components of Baddeley's (1992) model of working memory. The reliability of the Double Span Task was assessed in a sample of 105 older adults ( M age = 64.3 yr., SD = 6.4). The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Double Span Task were good. The validity of the Double Span Task was assessed using a different sample of 49 older adults ( M age = 70.0 yr., SD = 9.3). Performance on the Double Span Task was positively correlated with performance on a well-established measure of working memory, the Letter Number Sequencing Task. The Double Span Task also showed good discriminant validity. The Double Span Task is a reliable and valid measure of all three components of the working memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lovato
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Leon Lack
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Helen Wright
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Megan Cant
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Australia
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Kawano N, Awata S, Ijuin M, Iwamoto K, Ozaki N. Necessity of normative data on the Japanese version of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory subtest for old-old people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:726-30. [PMID: 23279764 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Episodic memory is vulnerable to deterioration in people suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) is used internationally as an operational definition to identify people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the Japanese version of the LM has not been adequately normalized for old-old people. Therefore, norms of the LM for people aged 75 years and over are required, and the effects of sex, age and education on performance were evaluated. METHODS A total of 50 (27 female and 23 male) participants without a history of dementia and symptomatic stroke events recruited from the community and hospital populations were investigated using the Mini-Mental State Examination, the LM and some interference tasks. RESULTS The mean scores (standard deviations) of the sample were 15.5 (5.4) on LM-I and 9.9 (6.6) on LM-II. The distributions of the LM-I and -II scores satisfied the normality assumption. The LM-I and LM-II scores correlated with age and the LM-I score correlated with educational background. CONCLUSIONS For the Japanese version of the LM, the means, standard deviations and distribution features of the old-old sample are presented. Although the normal sample was chosen to closely match the demographic profile of the Japanese population, the present sample might have had a higher educational background than the age-matched population, especially the males. Further study is required to standardize the Japanese version of the LM subtest for each 5-year interval for latter-stage elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kawano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zakzanis KK, Jeffay E. Neurocognitive variability in high-functioning individuals: implications for the practice of clinical neuropsychology. Psychol Rep 2011; 108:290-300. [PMID: 21526613 DOI: 10.2466/02.03.09.22.pr0.108.1.290-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of neurocognitive performance patterns of normal, healthy individuals is necessary, as clinicians may not always take into account normal intra-individual variability, demonstrated here in a sample of 20 healthy individuals with particularly high educational achievement (i.e., holding doctorate degrees). The data indicate that neurocognitive abilities are not equally distributed within a given individual. Some participants in the sample achieved some test scores at the intellectually disabled to borderline range but also some scores in the high average to superior range. The practice of deductive reasoning in clinical neuropsychology may be prone to false positive conclusions about neurocognitive functioning where base rates of neurocognitive impairments are low and pre-existing educational achievements are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantine K Zakzanis
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto-Scarborough College, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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