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Sharifabad ME, Soucaille R, Wang X, Rotherham M, Loughran T, Everett J, Cabrera D, Yang Y, Hicken R, Telling N. Optical Microscopy Using the Faraday Effect Reveals in Situ Magnetization Dynamics of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biological Samples. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38315113 PMCID: PMC10883041 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The study of exogenous and endogenous nanoscale magnetic material in biology is important for developing biomedical nanotechnology as well as for understanding fundamental biological processes such as iron metabolism and biomineralization. Here, we exploit the magneto-optical Faraday effect to probe intracellular magnetic properties and perform magnetic imaging, revealing the location-specific magnetization dynamics of exogenous magnetic nanoparticles within cells. The opportunities enabled by this method are shown in the context of magnetic hyperthermia; an effect where local heating is generated in magnetic nanoparticles exposed to high-frequency AC magnetic fields. Magnetic hyperthermia has the potential to be used as a cellular-level thermotherapy for cancer, as well as for other biomedical applications that target heat-sensitive cellular function. However, previous experiments have suggested that the cellular environment modifies the magnetization dynamics of nanoparticles, thus dramatically altering their heating efficiency. By combining magneto-optical and fluorescence measurements, we demonstrate a form of biological microscopy that we used here to study the magnetization dynamics of nanoparticles in situ, in both histological samples and living cancer cells. Correlative magnetic and fluorescence imaging identified aggregated magnetic nanoparticles colocalized with cellular lysosomes. Nanoparticles aggregated within these lysosomes displayed reduced AC magnetic coercivity compared to the same particles measured in an aqueous suspension or aggregated in other areas of the cells. Such measurements reveal the power of this approach, enabling investigations of how cellular location, nanoparticle aggregation, and interparticle magnetic interactions affect the magnetization dynamics and consequently the heating response of nanoparticles in the biological milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneea Eizadi Sharifabad
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - Rémy Soucaille
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Xuyiling Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Rotherham
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Heritage Building, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Loughran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - James Everett
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - David Cabrera
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hicken
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Telling
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom
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Wang W, Wang H, Long Y, Li Z, Li J. Controlling Hair Loss by Regulating Apoptosis in Hair Follicles: A Comprehensive Overview. Biomolecules 2023; 14:20. [PMID: 38254620 PMCID: PMC10813359 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a physiological process that occurs in all cell types of the human body, and it profoundly changes the fate of hair by affecting hair follicle cells. This review outlines the cellular changes, intrinsic biochemical characteristics, and mechanisms underlying apoptosis and summarizes the hair follicle life cycle, including development, cycle stages, and corresponding cellular changes. Finally, the relationship between apoptosis and the hair cycle is discussed and the significance of apoptosis in hair loss conditions and drug treatments is highlighted. Apoptosis induces cellular changes and exhibits distinctive properties through intricate signaling pathways. Hair follicles undergo cyclic periods of growth, regression, and dormancy. Apoptosis is closely correlated with the regression phase by triggering hair follicle cell death and shedding. Regulation of apoptosis in hair follicles plays an essential role in hair loss due to maladies and drug treatments. Mitigating apoptosis can enhance hair growth and minimize hair loss. A comprehensive understanding of the correlation between apoptosis and the hair cycle can facilitate the development of novel treatments to prevent hair loss and stimulate hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Honglan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yunluan Long
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; (W.W.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
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Gu G, Jiang M, Hu H, Qiao W, Jin H, Hou T, Tao K. Neochamaejasmin B extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L. induces apoptosis through caspase-10-dependent way in insect neuronal cells. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21892. [PMID: 35478464 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the toxicity mechanisms of neochamaejasmin B (NCB) extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L., we first evaluated its cytotoxicity in neuronal cells of Helicoverpa zea (AW1 cells). NCB inhibited cell growth and was cytotoxic to AW1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze the microstructure, and typical apoptotic characteristics were observed in AW1 cells treated with NCB. Moreover, the NCB-induced apoptosis was dose dependent. Subsequently, we explored the mechanism of apoptosis. A decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was found. Also, the levels of Bax were increased with increases in drug concentration, but there was no statistical difference in Bcl-2 levels at different NCB doses. Caspase-3 and caspase-10 activity was increased. These findings confirmed that NCB induced apoptosis in AW1 cells through a caspase-10-dependent mechanism. The results provide the basic information needed for understanding the toxicity and mechanisms of action of NCB, which could potentially be used to develop NCB as a new insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mingfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hanying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Zhang R, Feng Y, Lu J, Ge Y, Li H. lncRNA Ttc3-209 Promotes the Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Retinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Targeting the miR-484/Wnt8a Axis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:13. [PMID: 33687475 PMCID: PMC7960841 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can cause irreversible damage to visual function after retinal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIR). Using a lncRNA chip assay, we selected lncRNA Ttc-209 and characterized its role in RGCs during ischemia reperfusion (I/R)–induced apoptosis. Methods We created an ischemic model of RGCs by applying Hank's balanced salt solution containing 10 µM antimycin A and 2 µM calcium ionophore for 2 hours. RIR was induced in mice by elevating the intraocular pressure to 120 mm Hg for 1 hour by cannulation of the cornea; this was followed by reperfusion. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and target gene mRNA. Western blotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, and TUNEL assays were performed to detect cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and FISH were used to identify endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms that link lncRNAs, miRNAs, and target genes. We also used scotopic electroretinography examinations to evaluate visual function in treated mice. Results lncRNA Ttc3-209 was significantly upregulated after I/R injury and played a proapoptotic role in RGCs during I/R-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, lncRNA Ttc3-209 is a ceRNA that competitively binds to miR-484 and upregulates the translation of its target (Wnt8a mRNA), thus promoting apoptosis in RGCs. Conclusions Reducing the expression of lncRNA Ttc3-209 had a protective effect against apoptosis in RGCs. This may provide a new therapeutic option for the prevention of RGC apoptosis in response to RIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jinfang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yanni Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Chen YC, Chia YC, Huang BM. Phytochemicals from Polyalthia Species: Potential and Implication on Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Cancer, and Chemoprevention Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175369. [PMID: 34500802 PMCID: PMC8433920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyalthia belong to the Annonaceae family and are a type of evergreen tree distributed across many tropical and subtropical regions. Polyalthia species have been used long term as indigenous medicine to treat certain diseases, including fever, diabetes, infection, digestive disease, etc. Recent studies have demonstrated that not only crude extracts but also the isolated pure compounds exhibit various pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, etc. It is known that the initiation of cancer usually takes several years and is related to unhealthy lifestyle, as well as dietary and environmental factors, such as stress, toxins and smoking. In fact, natural or synthetic substances have been used as cancer chemoprevention to delay, impede, or even stop cancer growing. This review is an attempt to collect current available phytochemicals from Polyalthia species, which exhibit anti-cancer potentials for chemoprevention purposes, providing directions for further research on the interesting agents and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, TaJen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan;
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-06-2353535 (ext. 5337); Fax: +886-06-2093007
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Shanmugapriya, Sasidharan S. Functional analysis of down-regulated miRNA-221-5p in HeLa cell treated with polyphenol-rich Polyalthia longifolia as regulators of apoptotic HeLa cell death. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:206. [PMID: 32346497 PMCID: PMC7174487 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding-RNAs that control gene expression and cancer development. Previous studies reported that Polyalthia longifolia treatment induced apoptotic cell death in HeLa cells by down-regulation of miR-221-5p. Hence, the current study was conducted to validate the down-regulated miR-221-5p in HeLa cells. Functional analysis of miR-221-5p was conducted through the gain-of-function, and loss-of-function approach and the miRNA expression was quantified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The P. longifolia treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced miR-221-5p expression when compared to the untreated HeLa cells with a double delta Ct value of 6.32 and the expression fold change value was reduced up to 0.013. The transfection of miR-221-5p mimic significantly increased the expression of miR-221-5p with an expression fold change as high as 0.53 while anti-miR-221-5p transfected HeLa cells show the most significant decrease in miR-221-5p expression with an expression fold change of 0.011. The MTT assay results revealed that the over-expression of miR-221-5p increased the cell proliferation and viability of polyphenol-rich P. longifolia-treated HeLa cells and confirmed the role of downregulated miRNA 221-5p in HeLa cell death. The flow-cytometry analysis showed that the miR-221-5p over-expressed cells decreased the apoptosis of cells induced by polyphenol-rich P. longifolia treatment in HeLa cells, which proved the oncogenic role of miR-221-5p to inhibit apoptosis. Moreover, the depletion of caspase-3 in miR-221-5p-overexpressed HeLa cells showed the roles of downregulated miR-221-5p in the induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that the down-regulated miR-221-5p was involved in regulating apoptosis in HeLa cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugapriya
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Pulau Pinang Malaysia
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Polyalthia longifolia Extract Triggers ER Stress in Prostate Cancer Cells Concomitant with Induction of Apoptosis: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6726312. [PMID: 31827691 PMCID: PMC6881593 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6726312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based therapies are being explored to prevent or treat several cancer types. The antioxidant properties of Polyalthia longifolia plant are well established. In our previous work, we demonstrated the presence of cytotoxic compounds in the methanol extract of Polyalthia longifolia (MEP) with potent activity against human leukemia cells. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of MEP against prostate cancer (PCa) and established the molecular basis of its effect in in vitro and in vivo models. We observed that MEP treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the growth and viability of PCa cells, associated with arrest in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. Apoptosis was confirmed as the primary mode of MEP-induced cell death through activation of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery. Proteomic and biochemical studies identified BiP as an important target of MEP with the activation of the ER stress pathway, as a potential mechanism driving MEP-induced apoptosis. The extract exhibited strong efficacy in the PCa xenograft mouse model with significant inhibition of tumor growth and reduced tumor burden. Taken together, our findings indicate that MEP-induced apoptosis in PCa cells concomitant with the activation of the ER stress pathways results in the inhibition of tumor growth, in vitro and in vivo. Our studies provide initial evidence of the efficacy of MEP against PCa and advocate for in-depth studies in other preclinical models for its possible use in clinical settings.
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