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Synergistic effect of serotonin 1A and serotonin 1B/D receptor agonists in the treatment of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114209. [PMID: 35988699 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gold standard for symptomatic relief of Parkinson's disease (PD) is L-DOPA. However, long-term treatment often leads to motor complications such as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). While amantadine (Gocovri™) is the only approved therapy for dyskinesia in PD patients on the American market, it is associated with neurological side effects and limited efficacy. Thus, there remains a high unmet need for addressing LID in PD patients worldwide. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and performance compared to approved treatments of the serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1A) and 5-HT1B/D agonists buspirone and zolmitriptan in the 6-hydroxydopamine unilaterally lesioned rat model for PD. METHODS The hemiparkinsonian 6-OHDA-lesioned rats underwent chronic treatment with L-DOPA to induce dyskinesia and were subsequently used for efficacy testing of buspirone, zolmitriptan and comparison with amantadine, measured as abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) scores after L-DOPA challenge. Safety testing was performed in model and naïve animals using forelimb adjusting, rotarod and open field tests. RESULTS 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B/D agonism effectively reduced AIM scores in a synergistic manner. The drug combination of buspirone and zolmitriptan was safe and did not lead to tolerance development following sub-chronic administration. Head-to-head comparison with amantadine showed superior performance of buspirone and zolmitriptan in the model. CONCLUSIONS The strong anti-dyskinetic effect found with combined 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B/D agonism renders buspirone and zolmitriptan together a meaningful treatment for LID in PD.
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2
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Haleem DJ, Salman T, Nawaz S, Ikram H. Co-treatment with low doses of buspirone prevents rewarding effects of methylphenidate and upregulates expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens. Behav Brain Res 2021; 418:113660. [PMID: 34752844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies consistently show that methylphenidate (MPD), the first line drug for treating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is abused by patients to whom the drug is prescribed. Like other psychostimulants, only low doses of MPD improve cognitive performance while higher doses impair it. Preventing the use of high doses of MPD is important for retaining its therapeutic efficacy. Previously, it has been shown that performance in Morris water maze test is improved in rats treated, orally, with MPD in doses of 2.5 mg/kg; but higher doses (5 mg/kg) impair it. The present study is designed to monitor rewarding effects of 2.5 mg/kg MPD in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and its potential inhibition in buspirone co-treated animals. Our results show that rewarding effects of MPD in CPP paradigm are prevented in rats co-treated with buspirone in doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg. Animals treated with MPD exhibit a downregulation of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens which is also prevented in rats co-treated with 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg but not 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg buspirone. Administration of buspirone in these doses is not rewarding in CPP test and upregulates 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens. The findings suggest that co-use of low doses of buspirone can prevent rewarding effects of MPD to help retain its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Tabinda Salman
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Nawaz
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ikram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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3
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Angarita GA, Hadizadeh H, Cerdena I, Potenza MN. Can pharmacotherapy improve treatment outcomes in people with co-occurring major depressive and cocaine use disorders? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1669-1683. [PMID: 34042556 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1931684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and cocaine use disorder (CUD) are prevalent and frequently co-occur. When co-occurring, the presence of one disorder typically negatively impacts the prognosis for the other. Given the clinical relevance, we sought to examine pharmacotherapies for co-occurring CUD and MDD. While multiple treatment options have been examined in the treatment of each condition individually, studies exploring pharmacological options for their comorbidity are fewer and not conclusive.Areas Covered: For this review, the authors searched the literature in PubMed using clinical query options for therapies and keywords relating to each condition. Then, they described potentially promising pharmacologic therapeutic options based on shared mechanisms between the two conditions and/or results from individual clinical trials conducted to date.Expert opinion: Medications like stimulants, dopamine (D3) receptors partial agonists or antagonists, antagonists of kappa opioid receptors, topiramate, and ketamine could be promising as there is significant overlap relating to reward deficiency models, antireward pathways, and altered glutamatergic systems. However, the available clinical literature on any one of these types of agents is mixed. Additionally, for some agents there is possible concern related to abuse potential (e.g. ketamine and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hasti Hadizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ignacio Cerdena
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
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4
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Assessing the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Anxiolytic Drug Buspirone Using CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing in LPS-Stimulated BV-2 Microglial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061312. [PMID: 34070429 PMCID: PMC8229595 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Buspirone is an anxiolytic drug with robust serotonin receptor 1A (Htr1a) agonist activities. However, evidence has demonstrated that this drug also targets the dopamine D3 receptor (Drd3), where it acts as a potent antagonist. In vivo, Drd3 blockade is neuroprotective and reduces inflammation in models of Parkinson’s disease. To test if buspirone also elicited anti-inflammatory activities in vitro, we generated stable Drd3−/− and Htr1a−/− BV2 microglial cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and then tested the effects of buspirone after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. We found that LPS exposure had no effect on cell viability, except in Htr1a−/− cells, where viability was reduced (p < 0.001). Drug treatment reduced viability in Drd3−/− cells, but not in WT or Htr1a−/− cells. Buspirone counteracted LPS-induced NO release, NOS2, IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression in WT cells, whereas it exerted limited effects in Drd3−/− or Htr1a−/− microglia. In summary, our findings indicate that buspirone attenuates microglial polarization after LPS challenge. These results also highlight some major effects of Drd3 or Htr1a genetic ablation on microglial biology, raising important questions on the complex role of neurotransmitters in regulating microglia functions.
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Malikowska-Racia N, Popik P, Sałat K. Behavioral effects of buspirone in a mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2019; 381:112380. [PMID: 31765726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Buspirone presents a unique profile of action, which involves activation of 5-HT1A receptors and complex effects on D2-like dopaminergic receptors. This medication is studied in terms of potential clinical repositioning to conditions that are associated with dopaminergic dysfunctions including schizophrenia and substance use disorder. Buspirone antagonizes D3 and D4 receptors, however, depending on the dose it differentially interacts with D2 receptors. Previously, we reported that some of D2/D3 dopaminergic agonists attenuate PTSD-like behavioral symptoms in mice. Here we investigated whether buspirone could also affect PTSD-like symptoms. We used the single prolonged stress (mSPS) protocol to induce PTSD-like behavior in adult male CD-1 mice. Buspirone (0.5, 2, or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected for 15 consecutive days. The subjects were repeatedly examined in a variety of behavioral tests measuring conditioned freezing response, antidepressant-like effects, anxiety, and ultrasonic vocal response to the restraint stress. Mouse SPS resulted in prolonged immobility in the forced swim test and freezing in the fear-conditioning test, and produced symptoms of anxiety. Buspirone dose-dependently decreased the exaggerated freezing response in mice, but only at the dose of 2 mg/kg exhibited the anxiolytic-like effect in the elevated plus maze test. Buspirone reduced the number of ultrasonic calls in mSPS-exposed mice but revealed no antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test. Present data suggest some positive effects of buspirone in the treatment of selected PTSD-like symptoms and prompt for its further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malikowska-Racia
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Popik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 Michalowskiego St., 31-126, Krakow, Poland; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Drug Development Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St., 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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6
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Xu Y, Li Z. Imaging metabotropic glutamate receptor system: Application of positron emission tomography technology in drug development. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1892-1922. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Xu
- Independent Consultant and Contractor, Radiopharmaceutical Development, Validation and Bio-Application; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Zizhong Li
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, SOFIE Biosciences; Somerset New Jersey
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Collins GT, France CP. Effects of lorcaserin and buspirone, administered alone and as a mixture, on cocaine self-administration in male and female rhesus monkeys. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:488-496. [PMID: 29952618 PMCID: PMC6162158 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder is a serious public health issue for which there is no effective pharmacotherapy. One strategy to speed development of medications for cocaine use disorder is to repurpose drugs already approved for use in humans based on their ability to interact with targets known to be important for addiction. Two such drugs, lorcaserin (Belviq; a drug with serotonin [5-HT]2C receptor agonist properties) and buspirone (Buspar; a drug with 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and dopamine D3/D4 receptor antagonist properties) can produce modest decreases in cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of mixtures of lorcaserin and buspirone (at fixed dose ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 relative to each drug's ID50) to reduce responding for 0.032 mg/kg/inf cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement in 2 male and 2 female rhesus monkeys. Dose addition analyses were used to determine if the effects of the drug mixtures differed from those predicted for an additive interaction between lorcaserin and buspirone. Dose-dependent reductions of cocaine self-administration were observed when lorcaserin and buspirone were administered alone, as well as when they were administered as 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 fixed ratio mixtures of lorcaserin + buspirone. The effects of the 1:1 mixture of lorcaserin + buspirone on cocaine self-administration were supraadditive, whereas the effects of 3:1 and 1:3 mixtures were additive. Together, these results indicate that a combination therapy containing a mixture of lorcaserin and buspirone might be more effective than either drug alone at treating cocaine use disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T. Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA,Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, 7400 Merton Minter Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Charles P. France
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA,Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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8
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Di Ciano P, Cormick PM, Stefan C, Wong E, Kim A, Remington G, Le Foll B. The effects of buspirone on occupancy of dopamine receptors and the rat gambling task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3309-3320. [PMID: 28825117 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) has been proposed as a target for drug development for the treatment of addictive disorders. Recently, the anxiolytic buspirone has been shown to have affinity for DRD3 and DRD4, and interest in repurposing it for addictive disorders has grown. METHODS Binding of [3H]-(+)-PHNO in the rat cerebellum and striatum was used to measure occupancy by buspirone of DRD3 or DRD2, respectively. Effects of buspirone in the rat gambling task (rGT) and the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) were examined. RESULTS Buspirone occupied both the DRD2 and DRD3 at high doses and the DRD3, but not the DRD2, in the narrow dose range of 3 mg/kg. At 10 mg/kg, a disruption of performance on rGT was observed. All measures of performance on the rGT, except for perseverations, were affected at 3 mg/kg. On the 5-CSRTT, omissions were increased. Impairments in the rGT were not mimicked by the effects induced by satiation. Further, buspirone did not impair food-maintained responding under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement at any dose, suggesting that the effects of buspirone on the rGT cannot be explained by non-selective actions. CONCLUSIONS Although buspirone had effects on the rGT at the dose that selectively occupied the DRD3, the effects found do not parallel those found in previous studies of the effects of selective DRD3 antagonists on the rGT. Thus, buspirone may impair performance on the rGT through actions at multiple receptor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Di Ciano
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | | | - Cristiana Stefan
- Clinical Laboratory and Diagnostic Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ernest Wong
- Clinical Laboratory and Diagnostic Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Kim
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Addiction Medicine Service, Acute Care Program, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
- CAMH, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, M5S 2S1, Canada.
- Addiction Medicine Service, Acute Care Program, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- CAMH, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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9
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Volkow ND, Wiers CE, Shokri-Kojori E, Tomasi D, Wang GJ, Baler R. Neurochemical and metabolic effects of acute and chronic alcohol in the human brain: Studies with positron emission tomography. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:175-188. [PMID: 28108358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of Positron emission tomography (PET) to study the effects of acute and chronic alcohol on the human brain has enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol's rewarding effects, the neuroadaptations from chronic exposure that contribute to tolerance and withdrawal, and the changes in fronto-striatal circuits that lead to loss of control and enhanced motivation to drink that characterize alcohol use disorders (AUD). These include studies showing that alcohol's reinforcing effects may result not only from its enhancement of dopaminergic, GABAergic and opioid signaling but also from its caloric properties. Studies in those suffering from an AUD have revealed significant alterations in dopamine (DA), GABA, cannabinoids, opioid and serotonin neurotransmission and in brain energy utilization (glucose and acetate metabolism) that are likely to contribute to compulsive alcohol taking, dysphoria/depression, and to alcohol-associated neurotoxicity. Studies have also evaluated the effects of abstinence on recovery of brain metabolism and neurotransmitter function and the potential value of some of these measures to predict clinical outcomes. Finally, PET studies have started to provide insights about the neuronal mechanisms by which certain genes contribute to the vulnerability to AUD. These findings have helped identify new strategies for prevention and treatment of AUD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ruben Baler
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Weidenauer A, Bauer M, Sauerzopf U, Bartova L, Praschak-Rieder N, Sitte HH, Kasper S, Willeit M. Making Sense of: Sensitization in Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:1-10. [PMID: 27613293 PMCID: PMC5604613 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization is defined as a process whereby repeated intermittent exposure to a given stimulus results in an enhanced response at subsequent exposures. Next to robust findings of an increased dopamine synthesis capacity in schizophrenia, empirical data and neuroimaging studies support the notion that the mesolimbic dopamine system of patients with schizophrenia is more reactive compared with healthy controls. These studies led to the conceptualization of schizophrenia as a state of endogenous sensitization, as stronger behavioral response and increased dopamine release after amphetamine administration or exposure to stress have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. These findings have also been integrated into the neurodevelopmental model of the disorder, which assumes that vulnerable neuronal circuits undergo progressive changes during puberty and young adulthood that lead to manifest psychosis. Rodent and human studies have made an attempt to identify the exact mechanisms of sensitization of the dopaminergic system and its association with psychosis. Doing so, several epigenetic and molecular alterations associated with dopamine release, neuroplasticity, and cellular energy metabolism have been discovered. Future research aims at targeting these key proteins associated with sensitization in schizophrenia to enhance the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the illness and pave the way for an improved treatment or even prevention of this severe psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Drs Weidenauer, Bauer, Sauerzopf, Bartova, Praschak-Rieder, Kasper, and Willeit); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr Bauer), and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Dr Sitte)
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Drs Weidenauer, Bauer, Sauerzopf, Bartova, Praschak-Rieder, Kasper, and Willeit); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr Bauer), and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Dr Sitte)
| | - Ulrich Sauerzopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Drs Weidenauer, Bauer, Sauerzopf, Bartova, Praschak-Rieder, Kasper, and Willeit); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr Bauer), and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Dr Sitte)
| | - Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Drs Weidenauer, Bauer, Sauerzopf, Bartova, Praschak-Rieder, Kasper, and Willeit); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr Bauer), and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Dr Sitte)
| | - Nicole Praschak-Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Drs Weidenauer, Bauer, Sauerzopf, Bartova, Praschak-Rieder, Kasper, and Willeit); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr Bauer), and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Dr Sitte)
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Drs Weidenauer, Bauer, Sauerzopf, Bartova, Praschak-Rieder, Kasper, and Willeit); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr Bauer), and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Dr Sitte)
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Drs Weidenauer, Bauer, Sauerzopf, Bartova, Praschak-Rieder, Kasper, and Willeit); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr Bauer), and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Dr Sitte).
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Drs Weidenauer, Bauer, Sauerzopf, Bartova, Praschak-Rieder, Kasper, and Willeit); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (Dr Bauer), and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Dr Sitte)
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11
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Leggio GM, Bucolo C, Platania CBM, Salomone S, Drago F. Current drug treatments targeting dopamine D3 receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:164-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Occupancy of Dopamine D3 and D2 Receptors by Buspirone: A [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study in Humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:529-37. [PMID: 26089182 PMCID: PMC5130128 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in blocking the dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) versus the D2 receptor (DRD2) to treat drug addiction. However, there are currently no selective DRD3 antagonists available in the clinic. The anxiolytic drug buspirone has been proposed as a potential strategy as findings suggest that this drug has high in vitro affinity for DRD3, binds to DRD3 in brain of living non-human primate, and also disrupts psychostimulant self-administration in preclinical models. No study has explored the occupancy of DRD3 by buspirone in humans. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and the D3-preferring probe, [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO, to test the hypothesis that buspirone will occupy (decreases [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding) the DRD3 more readily than the DRD2. Eight healthy participants underwent [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO scans after single oral dose administration of placebo and 30, 60, and 120 mg of buspirone in a single-blind within-subjects design. [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding in DRD2- and DRD3-rich areas was decreased by the highest (60-120 mg), but not the lowest (30 mg), doses of buspirone. The maximal occupancy obtained was ~25% in both areas. Plasma levels of prolactin (a DRD2 marker) correlated with percentage occupancy after orally administered buspirone. Self-reported dizziness and drowsiness increased after buspirone but that did not correlate with receptor occupancy in any region. Overall, the modest occupancy of DRD2 and DRD3 even at high acute doses of buspirone, yielding high levels of metabolites, suggests that buspirone may not be a good drug to preferentially block DRD3 in humans.
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13
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Wiers CE, Cabrera E, Skarda E, Volkow ND, Wang GJ. PET imaging for addiction medicine: From neural mechanisms to clinical considerations. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 224:175-201. [PMID: 26822359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has been shown to be an effective imaging technique to study neurometabolic and neurochemical processes involved in addiction. That is, PET has been used to research neurobiological differences in substance abusers versus healthy controls and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abused drugs. Over the past years, the research scope has shifted to investigating neurobiological effects of abstinence and treatment, and their predictive power for relapse and other clinical outcomes. This chapter provides an overview of PET methodology, recent human PET studies on drug addiction and their implications for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Cabrera
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Skarda
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Farb DH, Ratner MH. Targeting the modulation of neural circuitry for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1002-32. [PMID: 25237115 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are a major public health concern. Here, we examine the familiar area of anxiolysis in the context of a systems-level understanding that will hopefully lead to revealing an underlying pharmacological connectome. The introduction of benzodiazepines nearly half a century ago markedly improved the treatment of anxiety disorders. These agents reduce anxiety rapidly by allosterically enhancing the postsynaptic actions of GABA at inhibitory type A GABA receptors but side effects limit their use in chronic anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors have emerged as an effective first-line alternative treatment of such anxiety disorders. However, many individuals are not responsive and side effects can be limiting. Research into a relatively new class of agents known as neurosteroids has revealed novel modulatory sites and mechanisms of action that are providing insights into the pathophysiology of certain anxiety disorders, potentially bridging the gap between the GABAergic and serotonergic circuits underlying anxiety. However, translating the pharmacological activity of compounds targeted to specific receptor subtypes in rodent models of anxiety to effective therapeutics in human anxiety has not been entirely successful. Since modulating any one of several broad classes of receptor targets can produce anxiolysis, we posit that a systems-level discovery platform combined with an individualized medicine approach based on noninvasive brain imaging would substantially advance the development of more effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Farb
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcia H Ratner
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Pich EM, Collo G. Pharmacological targeting of dopamine D3 receptors: Possible clinical applications of selective drugs. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1437-47. [PMID: 26298833 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptors have been pharmacologically engaged in humans since the development of the first antipsychotics and ergot-derivative dopamine (DA) agonists, even without knowing it. These agents were generally non-selective, developed primarily to target D2 receptors. In the last 10 years the understanding of the clinical implication of D3 receptors has been progressing also due to the identification of D3 gene polymorphisms, the use of more selective PET ligands such as [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO and the learning regarding the clinical use of the D3-preferential D2/D3 agonists ropinirole and pramipexole. A new specific neuroplasticity role of D3 receptor regarding dendrite arborisation outgrowth in dopaminergic neurons was also proposed to support, at least in part, the slowing of disease observed in subjects with Parkinson׳s Disease treated with DA agonists. Similar mechanisms could be at the basis of the antidepressant-like effects observed with DA agonists when co-administered with standard of care. Severe adverse event occurring with the use of anti-parkinsonian DA agonists in predisposed subjects, i.e., impulse control disorders, are now suggested to be putatively related to overactive D3 receptors. Not surprisingly, blockade of D3 receptors was proposed as treatment for addictive disorders, a goal that could be potentially achieved by repositioning buspirone, an anxiolytic drug with D3-preferential antagonistic features, or with novel selective D3 antagonists or partial agonists currently in development for schizophrenia. At the moment ABT-925 is the only selective D3 antagonist tested in schizophrenic patients in Phase II, showing an intriguing cognitive enhancing effects supported by preclinical data. Finally, exploratory pharmacogenetic analysis suggested that ABT-925 could be effective in a subpopulation of patients with a polymorphism on the D3 receptor, opening to a possible personalised medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Merlo Pich
- Experimental Medicine CNS, Takeda Development Centre Europe, London, UK.
| | - Ginetta Collo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
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16
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Boileau I, Nakajima S, Payer D. Imaging the D3 dopamine receptor across behavioral and drug addictions: Positron emission tomography studies with [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1410-20. [PMID: 26141509 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic drug use has been associated with dopaminergic abnormalities, detectable in humans with positron emission tomography (PET). Among these, a hallmark feature is low D2 dopamine receptor availability, which has been linked to clinical outcomes, but has not yet translated into a therapeutic strategy. The D3 dopamine receptor on the other hand has gained increasing attention, as, in contrast to D2, chronic exposure to drugs has been shown to up-regulate this receptor subtype in preclinical models of addiction-a phenomenon linked to dopamine system sensitization and drug-seeking. The present article summarizes the literature to date in humans, suggesting that the D3 receptor may indeed contribute to core features of addiction such as impulsiveness and cognitive impairment. A particularly useful tool in investigating this question is the PET imaging probe [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO, which binds to D2/3 dopamine receptors but has preferential affinity for D3. This technique has been used to demonstrate D3 up-regulation in humans, and can be applied to assess pharmacological interventions for development of D3-targeted strategies in addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Multimodal Imaging Group & Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Keio University, School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Doris Payer
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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John WS, Newman AH, Nader MA. Differential effects of the dopamine D3 receptor antagonist PG01037 on cocaine and methamphetamine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. Neuropharmacology 2015; 92:34-43. [PMID: 25576373 PMCID: PMC4346463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) has been shown to mediate many of the behavioral effects of psychostimulants associated with high abuse potential. This study extended the assessment of the highly selective D3R antagonist PG01037 on cocaine and methamphetamine (MA) self-administration to include a food-drug choice procedure. Eight male rhesus monkeys (n=4/group) served as subjects in which complete cocaine and MA dose-response curves were determined daily in each session. When choice was stable, monkeys received acute and five-day treatment of PG01037 (1.0-5.6 mg/kg, i.v.). Acute administration of PG01037 was effective in reallocating choice from cocaine to food and decreasing cocaine intake, however, tolerance developed by day 5 of treatment. Up to doses that disrupted responding, MA choice and intake were not affected by PG01037 treatment. PG01037 decreased total reinforcers earned per session and the behavioral potency was significantly greater on MA-food choice compared to cocaine-food choice. Furthermore, the acute efficacy of PG01037 was correlated with the sensitivity of the D3/D2R agonist quinpirole to elicit yawning. These data suggest (1) that efficacy of D3R compounds in decreasing drug choice is greater in subjects with lower D3R, perhaps suggesting that it is percent occupancy that is the critical variable in determining efficacy and (2) differences in D3R activity in chronic cocaine vs. MA users. Although tolerance developed to the effects of PG01037 treatment on cocaine choice, tolerance did not develop to the disruptive effects on food-maintained responding. These findings suggest that combination treatments that decrease cocaine-induced elevations in DA may enhance the efficacy of D3R antagonists on cocaine self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S John
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael A Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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18
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Czoty PW, Nader MA. Effects of oral and intravenous administration of buspirone on food-cocaine choice in socially housed male cynomolgus monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1072-83. [PMID: 25393717 PMCID: PMC4367460 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Drugs acting at D3 dopamine receptors have been suggested as medications for cocaine dependence. These experiments examined the effects of intravenously and orally administered buspirone, a D2-like receptor antagonist with high affinity for D3 and D4 receptors, on the relative reinforcing strength of cocaine in group-housed male cynomolgus monkeys. Use of socially housed monkeys permitted the assessment of whether social status, known to influence D2-like receptor availability, modulates the behavioral effects of buspirone. Buspirone was administered acutely to monkeys self-administering cocaine under a food-drug choice procedure in which a cocaine self-administration dose-effect curve was determined daily. When administered by either route, buspirone significantly decreased cocaine choice in dominant-ranked monkeys. In subordinate monkeys, however, i.v. buspirone was ineffective on average, and oral buspirone increased choice of lower cocaine doses. The effects of buspirone only differed according to route of administration in subordinate monkeys. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the effects of buspirone were similar to those of the D3 receptor-selective antagonist PG01037 and qualitatively different than those of less selective drugs that act at D2-like or serotonin (5-HT)1A receptors, suggesting a D3 and possibly D4 receptor mechanism of action for buspirone. Taken together, the data support the utility of drugs targeting D3/D4 receptors as potential treatments for cocaine addiction, particularly in combination with enriching environmental manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Czoty
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Nader
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA, Tel: +1 336 713 7172, Fax: +1 336 713 7180, E-mail:
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Keck TM, John WS, Czoty PW, Nader MA, Newman AH. Identifying Medication Targets for Psychostimulant Addiction: Unraveling the Dopamine D3 Receptor Hypothesis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5361-80. [PMID: 25826710 PMCID: PMC4516313 DOI: 10.1021/jm501512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a target for developing medications to treat substance use disorders. D3R-selective compounds with high affinity and varying efficacies have been discovered, providing critical research tools for cell-based studies that have been translated to in vivo models of drug abuse. D3R antagonists and partial agonists have shown especially promising results in rodent models of relapse-like behavior, including stress-, drug-, and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. However, to date, translation to human studies has been limited. Herein, we present an overview and illustrate some of the pitfalls and challenges of developing novel D3R-selective compounds toward clinical utility, especially for treatment of cocaine abuse. Future research and development of D3R-selective antagonists and partial agonists for substance abuse remains critically important but will also require further evaluation and development of translational animal models to determine the best time in the addiction cycle to target D3Rs for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - William S John
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Paul W Czoty
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Michael A Nader
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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