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Šidlauskienė M, Papievis V, Šidlauskas A, Šidlauskas M, Juzėnas S, Lopatienė K. Genetic and environmental impact on variation in the palatal dimensions in permanent dentition: a twin study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19785. [PMID: 39187685 PMCID: PMC11347569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to variation in palatal parameters in twins with completed maxillary growth. The subjects of this study comprised digital dental casts of 50 monozygotic and 35 dizygotic twin pairs. The subjects' average age was 17.95 ± 2.83 years. Zygosity determination was carried out using 15 specific DNA markers and an amel fragment of the amelogenin gene. The interdental distances were measured between selected dental landmarks at the occlusal and gingival planes. The palatal height, surface area and volume were measured between the gingival plane and the midpalate suture. High heritability estimates were observed for all transverse intra-arch measurements. The palate height (a2 = 0.8), dental arch width in the molar area (a2 = 0.86), palatal surface area (a2 = 0.61) and palate volume (a2 = 0.69) were under strong additive genetic control. Moderate genetic dominance was observed for dental arch widths at the gingival line in the canine (d2 = 0.5) and premolar regions (d2 = 0.78-0.81). Sexual dimorphism was shown, with males exhibiting a greater arch width, palate surface area and volume than females (p < 0.01). The majority of palate parameters variation in twins was controlled by genetic effects, and most were highly heritable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Šidlauskienė
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lukšos-Daumanto Str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Vytenis Papievis
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Šidlauskas
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Šidlauskas
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Juzėnas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Al.7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Lopatienė
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių 2, 50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Onem Ozbilen E, Basal E, Yilmaz HN, Biren S. Facial morphology differences in monozygotic twins: a retrospective stereophotogrammetric study. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:706-711. [PMID: 37407504 PMCID: PMC10633807 DOI: 10.2319/120722-840.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess soft tissue differences between monozygotic twins (MZ) for the total face and between facial regions using three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry and quantitative surface-based 3D deviation analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 14 untreated MZ twins (6 males, 8 females, mean age: 14.75 years) from the archive of Marmara University, Department of Orthodontics. The images were taken by the 3dMDface system, and 3dMDvultus software was used for removal of undesired areas and approximation of the images. Then, stereolithography (.stl) format images were superimposed using the best-fit algorithm using 3-matic software. The face was divided into facial thirds, and upper lip and lower lip + chin regions were created. For the comparison, 3D deviation analyses were performed, and a color map and histogram were created. The data were presented as mean deviation, root mean square (RMS), median, and interquartile range. RESULTS Between the facial thirds, there was no significant difference in soft tissue differences for mean deviation. A statistically significant difference was found between the upper and lower face for the RMS value. For the comparison of upper lip and lower lip + chin region, the only significant difference was for the RMS. When the data were presented as median and interquartile range, there were no statistically significant differences between any facial regions. CONCLUSIONS Lower facial third and lower lip + chin regions had the greatest differences within MZ twin pairs. The genetic and environmental influences might not be the same for different parts of the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Onem Ozbilen
- Corresponding author: Elvan Onem Ozbilen, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Saglik Kampusu 9/3, Basibuyuk Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey (e-mail: )
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Advancement in Human Face Prediction Using DNA. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14010136. [PMID: 36672878 PMCID: PMC9858985 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid improvements in identifying the genetic factors contributing to facial morphology have enabled the early identification of craniofacial syndromes. Similarly, this technology can be vital in forensic cases involving human identification from biological traces or human remains, especially when reference samples are not available in the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) database. This review summarizes the currently used methods for predicting human phenotypes such as age, ancestry, pigmentation, and facial features based on genetic variations. To identify the facial features affected by DNA, various two-dimensional (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D)-scanning techniques and analysis tools are reviewed. A comparison between the scanning technologies is also presented in this review. Face-landmarking techniques and face-phenotyping algorithms are discussed in chronological order. Then, the latest approaches in genetic to 3D face shape analysis are emphasized. A systematic review of the current markers that passed the threshold of a genome-wide association (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-face traits from the GWAS Catalog is also provided using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), approach. Finally, the current challenges in forensic DNA phenotyping are analyzed and discussed.
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Heikkinen EV, Vuollo V, Harila V, Sidlauskas A, Heikkinen T. Facial asymmetry and chewing sides in twins. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:197-202. [PMID: 34619067 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1985166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To resolve how the preferred chewing side (PCS) affects facial asymmetry in twins, whether there are differences between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, and whether the twins with PCS have more asymmetric faces compared to symmetrically chewing twins. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 106 Lithuanian twin pairs of the same sex, 59 MZ and 47 DZ pairs. The data were analysed from facial 3D images and manually added landmarks. 3D images were analysed by Rapidform2006 software and statistical analyses were done by using the R software environment version 4.1.0. RESULTS The contralateral effect of PCS and larger chin side was dominant among right and non-right side chewing twins. Being female increased the whole face symmetry. CONCLUSION The volume of the chin becomes larger on the side opposite to the twins' habitual chewing side. As the results are quite similar in both twin types, functional factors are more prominent than heredity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina V. Heikkinen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Harila
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antanas Sidlauskas
- Clinic of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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A Longitudinal 3D Investigation on Facial Similarity among Two Monozygotic Twins in Their First Childhood: An Application of the 3D-3D Facial Superimposition Technique. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020187. [PMID: 35204908 PMCID: PMC8869879 DOI: 10.3390/children9020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Children affected by orofacial disorders mix functional alterations with morphological problems, and suitable techniques should be devised for their analysis. Stereophotogrammetry and 3D-3D facial superimposition have already proven to reliably assess morphological differences even between twin siblings, separating the effect of genetic and environmental factors. However, little information is available about twin babies. We longitudinally analyzed a couple of healthy monozygotic twin sisters aged 6 months to 5 years (height time points). The entire 3D facial models of the two sisters were registered according to the least point-to-point distance, and the relevant RMS (root mean square) distance between the facial models was calculated at each time and compared with reference data recorded from adult twins (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.05). RMS values in the twin sisters were on average 1.18 ± 0.21 mm, and 1.86 ± 0.53 mm in adults, with a significant difference (p < 0.01). Results showed that twins are more similar in early childhood when environmental factors are supposed to have not influenced facial morphology sufficiently. Additionally, the technique seems adequate to detect even small differences: the faces of the twin sisters were not fully identical. 3D-3D facial superimposition techniques can objectively quantify facial dissimilarity even in monozygotic twins. The method may be applied to the faces of twins discordant for some orofacial and maxillofacial pathology and potentially separate genetic and environmental factors.
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Svalina A, Vuollo V, Serlo W, Sinikumpu JJ, Silvola AS, Salokorpi N. Craniofacial characteristics and cosmetic satisfaction of patients with sagittal and metopic synostosis: a case-control study using 3D photogrammetric imaging. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:781-788. [PMID: 34940889 PMCID: PMC8940850 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the craniofacial and aesthetic characteristics of adult metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis patients operated on in early childhood compared to controls. The goal was to find objective measurements that would correlate with the patient's subjective self-evaluation of their own cosmetic appearance. METHODS The study population consisted of 49 patients from whom 41 had premature fusion of the sagittal and in 8 of metopic suture. There were 65 age and gender matching controls from The Finish National Register. The 3D photogrammetric models were created from all patients and controls. The images were analysed using Rapidform 2006. Facial landmarks were set by the standard Farkas points. Facial symmetry parameters were calculated by using the landmarks and the mirror shell of the face. Aesthetic evaluation was done from standard photographs using panels. Subjective satisfaction with one's own appearance was evaluated using questionnaires. RESULTS Patients had the greatest asymmetry in the forehead area when compared to controls (symmetry percentage 59% versus 66%, p = 0.013). In the control group, the gap between the eyes was smaller than in the case group, resulting in an absolute 2 mm difference (p = 0.003). The area of the chin and the landmarks were more located on the left side in the patient group, resulting in up to a 1.1 mm difference between the groups (p = 0.003). Only a weak association was found between craniofacial symmetry and appearance evaluations. CONCLUSION Patients operated on because of sagittal and metopic synostoses were found to have facial asymmetry at long follow-up. However, the differences were < 3 mm and not clinically important. The long-term aesthetical outcome of the surgery performed because of sagittal or metopic craniosynostosis based on the 3D image evaluation was good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Svalina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Willy Serlo
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,Department of Children and Adolescent, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha-Jaakko Sinikumpu
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,Department of Children and Adolescent, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Sofia Silvola
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niina Salokorpi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Hersberger-Zurfluh MA, Papageorgiou SN, Motro M, Kantarci A, Will LA, Eliades T. Genetic and environmental components of vertical growth in mono- and dizygotic twins up to 15-18 years of age. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:384-390. [PMID: 33523142 DOI: 10.2319/060520-515.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the additive genetic and environmental contributions to the vertical growth of craniofacial structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisted of 64 untreated monozygotic (44 male, 20 female) and 61 untreated dizygotic twins (32 male, 29 female). Lateral cephalograms taken at 15 and 18 years of age were traced to analyze the sella-nasion-nasal line angle (SN-NL), nasal line-mandibular line angle (ML-NL), sella-nasion-mandibular line angle (SN-ML), sella-nasion-sella-gnathion angle (Y-axis), posterior face height/anterior face height (PFH/AFH), and lower anterior face height/anterior face height (LAFH/AFH). The genetic and environmental components of variance were analyzed with structural equation modeling for multilevel mixed effects. RESULTS At 15 years of age, strong dominant genetic control was seen for NL-ML (81%), LAFH/AFH (73%), and Y-axis (57%), whereas strong additive genetic components were found for PFH/AFH (78%), SN-NL (58%), and SN-ML (57%). Unique environmental factors accounted for 18-42% of observed variance, with SN-NL being affected the most (42%). At 18 years of age, only LAFH/AFH (86%) was under strong dominant genetic control, whereas the remainder were under additive genetic influence. The sole exception was SN-NL, which changed from additive to unique environmental influence. CONCLUSIONS Either additive or dominant genetic components were found at 15 or 18 years of age for most vertical variables. Environmental factors accounted for about 10-40%, with SN-NL being mostly affected.
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Craniofacial Asymmetry from One to Three Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study with 3D Imaging. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010070. [PMID: 31892114 PMCID: PMC7019243 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is considered a risk factor for facial asymmetry. This cohort-based, prospective, follow-up study used three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry to assess the development of facial asymmetry in a normal birth cohort and to investigate the impact of DP on facial asymmetry for the age range of one to three years. The study sample consisted of 75 children: 35 girls (47%) and 40 (53%) boys recruited from Oulu University Hospital. A total of 23 (31%) subjects had a history of DP in infancy. 3D facial images were obtained at the mean (SD) age of 1.01 (0.04) year old at T1 and 3.02 (0.14) years old at T2. To determine facial asymmetry, both landmark-based and surface-based facial symmetry methods were used. As measured with the surface-based methods, upper facial symmetry improved from T1 to T2 (p < 0.05). As measured with the landmark-based methods, facial symmetry improved on the upper and lower jaw from T1 to T2 (p < 0.05). The asymmetric effect of DP on the upper parts of the face tends to correct spontaneously during growth. Results indicate that previous DP does not seem to transfer to facial or occlusal asymmetry at the age of three years old.
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Jakobsone G, Vuollo V, Pirttiniemi P. Reproducibility of Natural Head Position assessed with stereophotogrammetry. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 23:66-71. [PMID: 31514260 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the stability of Natural Head Position (NHP) over time using the 3dMDface System. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION This was an experimental study. Three-dimensional facial images of 40 students were captured on two different occasions, with an interval of at least two weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS The images were taken using a stereophotogrammetric device (3dMD). The mirror positioned NHP was obtained in a standing position and then replicated in a sitting position for capturing. The self-balanced NHP was taken in a sitting position. Rapidform 3D software was used for position angle calculations. The angle changes between the positions were calculated for rotations around the x-, y- and z-axes. RESULTS The differences between NHP in the self-balanced and mirror positions recorded on the first and second occasions were 2.43 and 1.75 degrees, respectively, around the x-axis. The average changes in NHP around the x-axis between the self-balanced and mirror balanced positions exceeded 3 degrees at the two-week interval. The differences were smaller for the rotations around the y- and z-axes. Some subjects consistently tended to hold their heads in a more extended position when self-balanced, while others did this when mirror balanced. There was no difference in the reproducibility of NHP between men and women. CONCLUSION The reproducibility of NHP for consecutive stereophotogrammetric captures is generally acceptable. The reproducibility of NHP using the mirror position was slightly better compared with NHP in the sitting self-balanced position.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University, Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Pihlaja K, Vuollo V, Sidlauskas M, Harila V, Sidlauskas A, Salomskiene L, Heikkinen T. Relations of laterality and chewing sidedness in twins. Eur J Orthod 2019; 41:244-249. [PMID: 29982485 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study, whether there are associations between chewing side preference and other lateralities, whether there is a genetic origin for preferred chewing side (PCS), relations to sex, birth order and orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 113 twin pairs, 57 pairs monozygotic, 47 pairs same sex dizygotic and 9 pairs of opposite sex. The lateralities of preferred chewing side, footedness and eyedness were assessed by functional tests and handedness was checked by asking. RESULTS Right-handed, -footed and -eyed as separated groups, and true-right sided (combined), were evenly distributed by preferred chewing side. By contrast, left-handed, -footed, -eyed and non-right sided used more left or both sides when chewing. Birth order affected preferred chewing side among monozygotic: the first-born twin was more likely to have the preferred chewing side on the non-right, whereas second-born twins used right side. Gender, zygosity and orthodontic treatment were not statistically significant factors. LIMITATIONS Examination of chewing sidedness could have been done in several different ways to provide a definite result. Sample size of opposite sex twins was very small. CONCLUSIONS Preferred chewing side generally seemed to follow the side where other lateralities occur; however, monozygotic twins seemed to be more receptive to it. True-right sided were more evenly distributed than non-right sided by the preferred chewing side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Pihlaja
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Vuollo
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mantas Sidlauskas
- Clinic of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Virpi Harila
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antanas Sidlauskas
- Clinic of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loreta Salomskiene
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetics, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Genetic and environmental influences on third molar root mineralization. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:220-225. [PMID: 30508675 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the genetic and environmental influences on the variability of human third molar (M3) root mineralization stages via a twin study. DESIGN The study sample consisted of 162 same-sex twins (66 dizygotic and 96 monozygotic, mean age: 17.9 years) with normal growth and development. Panoramic radiographs were evaluated to assess root mineralization stages of the upper and lower third molars, using the method of Demirijian et al. (1973). Zygosity was established using 15 specific DNA markers. RESULTS Females developed their third molar roots earlier in life than males. Monozygotic twins (MZ) demonstrated higher intra-pair correlations for M3 root development stages than did DZ twins. An ACE model with additive genes, as well as common and specific environmental factors, provided the best explanation of variation in M3 root development. The mineralization of M3 roots showed highly additive genetic determination, varying from 60 to 63%, whereas a common environment contributed from 25 to 27%, and a specific environment only accounted 14% of the total variation, at most. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of the total variability of the third molar root mineralization rate can be attributed to additive genetic effects, while common and specific environmental effects have a smaller, yet significant, impact.
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Gibelli D, Pucciarelli V, Poppa P, De Angelis D, Cummaudo M, Pisoni L, Codari M, Cattaneo C, Sforza C. 3D-3D facial superimposition between monozygotic twins: A novel morphological approach to the assessment of differences due to environmental factors. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 31:33-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vuollo V, Holmström L, Aarnivala H, Harila V, Heikkinen T, Pirttiniemi P, Valkama AM. Analyzing infant head flatness and asymmetry using kernel density estimation of directional surface data from a craniofacial 3D model. Stat Med 2016; 35:4891-4904. [PMID: 27383684 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Infant skull deformation is analyzed using the distribution of head normal vector directions computed from a 3D image. Severity of flatness and asymmetry are quantified by functionals of the kernel estimate of the normal vector direction density. Using image data from 99 infants and clinical deformation ratings made by experts, our approach is compared with some recently suggested methods. The results show that the proposed method performs competitively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Vuollo
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Lasse Holmström
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Aarnivala
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescence, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Virpi Harila
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo Heikkinen
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pirttiniemi
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Marita Valkama
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescence, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Heikkinen T, Harila V, Ollikkala A, Alvesalo L. Primary tooth size asymmetry in twins and singletons. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 19:145-53. [PMID: 26898820 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore asymmetry values of antimeric deciduous tooth crown dimensions in three types of twins: monozygotic (MZ), dizygotic same-sex (DZ) and opposite-sex (OS) vs. single-born controls. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION Mesiodistal and labio-lingual crown dimensions of second deciduous molars and mesiodistal canine and first molar crown dimensions of 2159 children at 6-12 years of age were evaluated, originating from the US cross-sectional Collaborative Perinatal Study from the 1970s, including altogether MZ (n = 28), DZ same-sex (n = 33) and OS (n = 39) pairs. Single born (n = 1959) were used as controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dental casts were measured for comparison of variance relationships calculated from antimeric teeth, exhibiting fluctuating (FA), and directional (DA) asymmetry using anova. RESULTS Significant differences appeared in MZ and OS girls in DA of deciduous canines, which gain size in the first and second trimester, and deciduous second molars, which finally stop crown growth during the early post-natal period. Significantly, increased FA values appeared for lower deciduous canines and second molars, indicating greatest environmental stress in OS girls, MZ girls and DZ boys. Twin girls had more fluctuating and directional crown asymmetry than twin boys, but in some dimensions, the twins were more symmetric than controls. CONCLUSIONS Transmembrane hormonal influence between opposite-sex twins, and late gestational stress factors, caused by placental malfunction and/or monochorionicity, may be involved in asymmetric growth of antimers, during critical periods of crown size gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Heikkinen
- Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - V Harila
- Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Ollikkala
- Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Alvesalo
- Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Šidlauskas M, Šalomskienė L, Andriuškevičiūtė I, Šidlauskienė M, Labanauskas Ž, Vasiliauskas A, Kupčinskas L, Juzėnas S, Šidlauskas A. Heritability of mandibular cephalometric variables in twins with completed craniofacial growth. Eur J Orthod 2015; 38:493-502. [PMID: 26503948 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine genetic and environmental impact on mandibular morphology using lateral cephalometric analysis of twins with completed mandibular growth and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based zygosity determination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 39 cephalometric variables of 141 same gender adult pair of twins were analysed. Zygosity was determined using 15 specific DNA markers and cervical vertebral maturation method was used to assess completion of the mandibular growth. A genetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood genetic structural equation modelling (GSEM). RESULTS The genetic heritability estimates of angular variables describing horizontal mandibular position in relationship to cranial base and maxilla were considerably higher than in those describing vertical position. The mandibular skeletal cephalometric variables also showed high heritability estimates with angular measurements being considerably higher than linear ones. Results of this study indicate that the angular measurements representing mandibular skeletal morphology (mandibular form) have greater genetic determination than the linear measurements (mandibular size). CONCLUSIONS The shape and sagittal position of the mandible is under stronger genetic control, than is its size and vertical relationship to cranial base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Limas Kupčinskas
- ***Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Juzėnas
- ***Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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