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Luo Z, Shehzad A. Advances in Naked Metal Clusters for Catalysis. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300715. [PMID: 38450926 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The properties of sub-nano metal clusters are governed by quantum confinement and their large surface-to-bulk ratios, atomically precise compositions and geometric/electronic structures. Advances in metal clusters lead to new opportunities in diverse aspects of sciences including chemo-sensing, bio-imaging, photochemistry, and catalysis. Naked metal clusters having synergic multiple active sites and coordinative unsaturation and tunable stability/activity enable researchers to design atomically precise metal catalysts with tailored catalysis for different reactions. Here we summarize the progress of ligand-free naked metal clusters for catalytic applications. It is anticipated that this review helps to better understand the chemistry of small metal clusters and facilitates the design and development of new catalysts for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Mass spectrometry in materials synthesis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Walz A, Stoiber K, Huettig A, Schlichting H, Barth JV. Navigate Flying Molecular Elephants Safely to the Ground: Mass-Selective Soft Landing up to the Mega-Dalton Range by Electrospray Controlled Ion-Beam Deposition. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7767-7778. [PMID: 35609119 PMCID: PMC9178560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prototype of a highly versatile and efficient preparative mass spectrometry system used for the deposition of molecules in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is presented, along with encouraging performance data obtained using four model species that are thermolabile or not sublimable. The test panel comprises two small organic compounds, a small and very large protein, and a large DNA species covering a 4-log mass range up to 1.7 MDa as part of a broad spectrum of analyte species evaluated to date. Three designs of innovative ion guides, a novel digital mass-selective quadrupole (dQMF), and a standard electrospray ionization (ESI) source are combined to an integrated device, abbreviated electrospray controlled ion-beam deposition (ES-CIBD). Full control is achieved by (i) the square-wave-driven radiofrequency (RF) ion guides with steadily tunable frequencies, including a dQMF allowing for investigation, purification, and deposition of a virtually unlimited m/z range, (ii) the adjustable landing energy of ions down to ∼2 eV/z enabling integrity-preserving soft landing, (iii) the deposition in UHV with high ion beam intensity (up to 3 nA) limiting contaminations and deposition time, and (iv) direct coverage control via the deposited charge. The maximum resolution of R = 650 and overall efficiency up to Ttotal = 4.4% calculated from the solution to UHV deposition are advantageous, whereby the latter can be further enhanced by optimizing ionization performance. In the setup presented, a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is attached for in situ UHV investigations of deposited species, demonstrating a selective, structure-preserving process and atomically clean layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karolina Stoiber
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Huettig
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlichting
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Ran W, Walz A, Stoiber K, Knecht P, Xu H, Papageorgiou AC, Huettig A, Cortizo‐Lacalle D, Mora‐Fuentes JP, Mateo‐Alonso A, Schlichting H, Reichert J, Barth JV. Depositing Molecular Graphene Nanoribbons on Ag(111) by Electrospray Controlled Ion Beam Deposition: Self-Assembly and On-Surface Transformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111816. [PMID: 35077609 PMCID: PMC9305426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The chemical processing of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures is crucial for their integration in future devices. Here we apply a new methodology in atomically precise engineering by combining multistep solution synthesis of N-doped molecular graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with mass-selected ultra-high vacuum electrospray controlled ion beam deposition on surfaces and real-space visualisation by scanning tunnelling microscopy. We demonstrate how this method yields solely a controllable amount of single, otherwise unsublimable, GNRs of 2.9 nm length on a planar Ag(111) surface. This methodology allows for further processing by employing on-surface synthesis protocols and exploiting the reactivity of the substrate. Following multiple chemical transformations, the GNRs provide reactive building blocks to form extended, metal-organic coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ran
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Andreas Walz
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Karolina Stoiber
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Hongxiang Xu
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | | | - Annette Huettig
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Diego Cortizo‐Lacalle
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Hartmut Schlichting
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20Technical University of MunichJames Franck Straße 185748GarchingGermany
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5
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Ran W, Walz A, Stoiber K, Knecht P, Xu H, Papageorgiou AC, Huettig A, Cortizo‐Lacalle D, Mora‐Fuentes JP, Mateo‐Alonso A, Schlichting H, Reichert J, Barth JV. Depositing Molecular Graphene Nanoribbons on Ag(111) by Electrospray Controlled Ion Beam Deposition: Self‐Assembly and On‐Surface Transformations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ran
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Walz
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Karolina Stoiber
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Hongxiang Xu
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Anthoula C. Papageorgiou
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Annette Huettig
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Diego Cortizo‐Lacalle
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | - Hartmut Schlichting
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20 Technical University of Munich James Franck Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
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6
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Nayek S, Aguilar R, Juel LA, Verbeck GF. Metallic nanoparticle production and exposure/deposition system for toxicological research applications using zebrafish. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:094101. [PMID: 33003788 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been accepted for various applications ranging from cosmetics to medicine. However, no method has been established in the scientific community that is capable of analyzing various metals, sizes, and levels of exposures without the concern of background chemical contaminations. We present here a system utilizing soft-landing ion mobility (SLIM) exposures of laser ablated metallic clusters capable of operating pressures of reduced vacuum (1 Torr) up to ambient (760 Torr) in the presence of a buffer gas. Clusters experience kinetic energies of less than 1 eV upon exiting the SLIM, allowing for the exposure of NPs to take place in a passive manner. While there is no mass-selection of cluster sizes in this work, it does show for the first time the creation and soft-landing of nanoclusters at ambient pressures. Factors such as area coverage and percentage distribution were studied, as well as the different effects that varying surfaces may cause in the agglomeration of the clusters. Furthermore, the system was successfully used to study the effects of silver nanoparticle exposure and determine the specific organs the NPs accumulate in using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. This method provides a novel way to synthesize NPs and expose biological organisms for various toxicological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayu Nayek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Roberto Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Lauren A Juel
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
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7
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Chiarinelli J, Bolognesi P, Avaldi L. Ion optics simulation of an ion beam setup coupled to an electrospray ionization source, strengths, and limitations. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:073203. [PMID: 32752820 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A unified approach to achieve a start-to-end ion optics simulation of an ion beam apparatus coupled to an electrospray ionization source is presented. We demonstrate that simulations enable reliable information on the behavior and operation of the apparatus to be obtained, but due to the collisions with the buffer gas in the initial stages of the setup, the results concerning the kinetic energy of the ion beam must be treated with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chiarinelli
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma 00015, Italy
| | - P Bolognesi
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma 00015, Italy
| | - L Avaldi
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, Roma 00015, Italy
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8
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Hu Q, Laskin J. Secondary Structures of Ubiquitin Ions Soft-Landed onto Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4927-36. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qichi Hu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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9
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Johnson GE, Gunaratne D, Laskin J. Soft- and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:439-479. [PMID: 25880894 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft- and reactive landing of mass-selected ions is gaining attention as a promising approach for the precisely-controlled preparation of materials on surfaces that are not amenable to deposition using conventional methods. A broad range of ionization sources and mass filters are available that make ion soft-landing a versatile tool for surface modification using beams of hyperthermal (<100 eV) ions. The ability to select the mass-to-charge ratio of the ion, its kinetic energy and charge state, along with precise control of the size, shape, and position of the ion beam on the deposition target distinguishes ion soft landing from other surface modification techniques. Soft- and reactive landing have been used to prepare interfaces for practical applications as well as precisely-defined model surfaces for fundamental investigations in chemistry, physics, and materials science. For instance, soft- and reactive landing have been applied to study the surface chemistry of ions isolated in the gas-phase, prepare arrays of proteins for high-throughput biological screening, produce novel carbon-based and polymer materials, enrich the secondary structure of peptides and the chirality of organic molecules, immobilize electrochemically-active proteins and organometallics on electrodes, create thin films of complex molecules, and immobilize catalytically active organometallics as well as ligated metal clusters. In addition, soft landing has enabled investigation of the size-dependent behavior of bare metal clusters in the critical subnanometer size regime where chemical and physical properties do not scale predictably with size. The morphology, aggregation, and immobilization of larger bare metal nanoparticles, which are directly relevant to the design of catalysts as well as improved memory and electronic devices, have also been studied using ion soft landing. This review article begins in section 1 with a brief introduction to the existing applications of ion soft- and reactive landing. Section 2 provides an overview of the ionization sources and mass filters that have been used to date for soft landing of mass-selected ions. A discussion of the competing processes that occur during ion deposition as well as the types of ions and surfaces that have been investigated follows in section 3. Section 4 discusses the physical phenomena that occur during and after ion soft landing, including retention and reduction of ionic charge along with factors that impact the efficiency of ion deposition. The influence of soft landing on the secondary structure and biological activity of complex ions is addressed in section 5. Lastly, an overview of the structure and mobility as well as the catalytic, optical, magnetic, and redox properties of bare ionic clusters and nanoparticles deposited onto surfaces is presented in section 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Don Gunaratne
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352
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Baird Z, Wei P, Cooks RG. Ion creation, ion focusing, ion/molecule reactions, ion separation, and ion detection in the open air in a small plastic device. Analyst 2015; 140:696-700. [PMID: 25475256 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ion manipulation in air is demonstrated with 3D printed plastic electrode assemblies. The ability to focus, react, separate, and detect ions under ambient conditions is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Baird
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Pu Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
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11
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Gunaratne KDD, Prabhakaran V, Ibrahim YM, Norheim RV, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Design and performance of a high-flux electrospray ionization source for ion soft landing. Analyst 2015; 140:2957-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00220f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-flux electrospray source enables deposition of micrograms of mass-selected ions for studies in catalysis and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Randolph V. Norheim
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Grant E. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Richland
- USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Physical Sciences Division
- Richland
- USA
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12
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Laskin J, Laskin A, Nizkorodov SA, Roach P, Eckert P, Gilles MK, Wang B, Lee HJJ, Hu Q. Molecular selectivity of brown carbon chromophores. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12047-12055. [PMID: 25233355 DOI: 10.1021/es503432r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Complementary methods of high-resolution mass spectrometry and microspectroscopy were utilized for molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from ozonolysis of two structural monoterpene isomers: D-limonene SOA (LSOA) and α-pinene SOA (PSOA). The LSOA compounds readily formed adducts with Na(+) under electrospray ionization conditions, with only a small fraction of compounds detected in the protonated form. In contrast, a significant fraction of PSOA compounds appeared in the protonated form because of their increased molecular rigidity. Laboratory simulated aging of LSOA and PSOA, through conversion of carbonyls into imines mediated by NH3 vapors in humid air, resulted in selective browning of the LSOA sample, while the PSOA sample remained white. Comparative analysis of the reaction products in the aged LSOA and PSOA samples provided insights into chemistry relevant to formation of brown carbon chromophores. A significant fraction of carbonyl-imine conversion products with identical molecular formulas was detected in both samples. This reflects the high level of similarity in the molecular composition of these two closely related SOA materials. Several highly conjugated products were detected exclusively in the brown LSOA sample and were identified as potential chromophores responsible for the observed color change. The majority of the unique products in the aged LSOA sample with the highest number of double bonds contain two nitrogen atoms. We conclude that chromophores characteristic of the carbonyl-imine chemistry in LSOA are highly conjugated oligomers of secondary imines (Schiff bases) present at relatively low concentrations. Formation of this type of conjugated compounds in PSOA is hindered by the structural rigidity of the α-pinene oxidation products. Our results suggest that the overall light-absorbing properties of SOA may be determined by trace amounts of strong brown carbon chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division and ‡Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Mikhailov VA, Mize TH, Benesch JLP, Robinson CV. Mass-selective soft-landing of protein assemblies with controlled landing energies. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8321-8. [PMID: 25026391 DOI: 10.1021/ac5018327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Selection and soft-landing of bionanoparticles in vacuum is potentially a preparative approach to separate heterogeneous mixtures for high-resolution structural study or to deposit homogeneous materials for nanotechnological applications. Soft-landing of intact protein assemblies however remains challenging, due to the difficulties of manipulating these heavy species in mass-selective devices and retaining their structure during the experiment. We have developed a tandem mass spectrometer with the capability for controlled ion soft-landing and ex situ visualization of the soft-landed particles by means of transmission electron microscopy. The deposition conditions can be controlled by adjusting the kinetic energies of the ions by applying accelerating or decelerating voltages to a set of ion-steering optics. To validate this approach, we have examined two cage-like protein complexes, GroEL and ferritin, and studied the effect of soft-landing conditions on the method's throughput and the preservation of protein structure. Separation, based on mass-to-charge ratio, of holo- and apo-ferritin complexes after electrospray ionization enabled us to soft-land independently the separated complexes on a grid suitable for downstream transmission electron microscopy analysis. Following negative staining, images of the soft-landed complexes reveal that their structural integrity is largely conserved, with the characteristic central cavity of apoferritin, and iron core of holoferritin, surviving the phase transition from liquid to gas, soft-landing, and dehydration in vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Mikhailov
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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14
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Johnson GE, Gunaratne KDD, Laskin J. In situ SIMS and IR spectroscopy of well-defined surfaces prepared by soft landing of mass-selected ions. J Vis Exp 2014:51344. [PMID: 24961913 PMCID: PMC4195338 DOI: 10.3791/51344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of materials that are inaccessible using conventional synthesis techniques. Coupling soft landing with in situ characterization using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) enables analysis of well-defined surfaces under clean vacuum conditions. The capabilities of three soft-landing instruments constructed in our laboratory are illustrated for the representative system of surface-bound organometallics prepared by soft landing of mass-selected ruthenium tris(bipyridine) dications, [Ru(bpy)3](2+) (bpy = bipyridine), onto carboxylic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer surfaces on gold (COOH-SAMs). In situ time-of-flight (TOF)-SIMS provides insight into the reactivity of the soft-landed ions. In addition, the kinetics of charge reduction, neutralization and desorption occurring on the COOH-SAM both during and after ion soft landing are studied using in situ Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)-SIMS measurements. In situ IRRAS experiments provide insight into how the structure of organic ligands surrounding metal centers is perturbed through immobilization of organometallic ions on COOH-SAM surfaces by soft landing. Collectively, the three instruments provide complementary information about the chemical composition, reactivity and structure of well-defined species supported on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
| | | | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory;
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15
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Bodin A, Laloo R, Abeilhou P, Guiraud L, Gauthier S, Martrou D. An energy-filtering device coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer for soft-landing molecular ions on surfaces with controlled energy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:095104. [PMID: 24089863 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an energy-filtering device coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer to deposit ionized molecules on surfaces with controlled energy in ultra high vacuum environment. Extensive numerical simulations as well as direct measurements show that the ion beam flying out of a quadrupole exhibits a high-energy tail decreasing slowly up to several hundred eV. This energy distribution renders impossible any direct soft-landing deposition of molecular ions. To remove this high-energy tail by energy filtering, a 127° electrostatic sector and a specific triplet lenses were designed and added after the last quadrupole of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The results obtained with this energy-filtering device show clearly the elimination of the high-energy tail. The ion beam that impinges on the sample surface satisfies now the soft-landing criterion for molecular ions, opening new research opportunities in the numerous scientific domains involving charges adsorbed on insulating surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bodin
- Nanosciences Group, CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011 and University Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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16
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Hauptmann N, Hamann C, Tang H, Berndt R. Switching and charging of a ruthenium dye on Ag(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:10326-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Krásný L, Pompach P, Strohalm M, Obsilova V, Strnadová M, Novák P, Volný M. In-situ enrichment of phosphopeptides on MALDI plates modified by ambient ion landing. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1294-302. [PMID: 23019160 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report substantial in-situ enrichment of phosphopeptides in peptide mixtures using titanium and zirconium dioxide-coated matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) plates prepared by recently reported ambient ion landing deposition technique. The technique was able to modify four common materials currently used for MALDI targets (stainless steel, aluminum, indium-tin oxide glass and polymeric anchor chip). The structure of the deposited dioxide was investigated by electron microscopy, and different surfaces were compared and discussed in this study. Two standard proteins were used to test the enrichment capabilities of modified MALDI plates: casein and in-vitro phosphorylated trehalase. The enrichment of casein tryptic digest resulted in identification of 20 phosphopeptides (including miscleavages). Trehalase was used as a suitable model of larger protein that provided more complex peptide mixture after the trypsin digestion. All four possible phosphorylation sites in trehalase were identified and up to seven phosphopetides were found (including methionine oxidations and miscleavages). Two different mass spectrometers, MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and MALDI-time of flight, were used to detect the phosphopeptides from modified MALDI plates after the enrichment procedure. It was observed that the desorption-ionization phenomena on the modified surfaces are not critically influenced by the parameters of the different MALDI ion sources (e.g. different pressure, different extraction voltages), and thus the presence of dioxide layer on the standard MALDI plate does not significantly interfere with the main MALDI processes. The detection of phosphopeptides after the enrichment could be done by both instruments. Desorption electrospray ionization coupled to the FTICR was also tested, but, unlike MALDI, it did not provide satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Krásný
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Cyriac J, Pradeep T, Kang H, Souda R, Cooks RG. Low-Energy Ionic Collisions at Molecular Solids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5356-411. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Cyriac
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - T. Pradeep
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - H. Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747,
Republic of Korea
| | - R. Souda
- International
Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - R. G. Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
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19
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Benner WH, Lewis GS, Hering SV, Selgelke B, Corzett M, Evans JE, Lightstone FC. Re-electrospraying splash-landed proteins and nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2498-504. [PMID: 22283555 DOI: 10.1021/ac203298w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
FITC-albumin, Lsr-F, or fluorescent polystyrene latex particles were electrosprayed from aqueous buffer and subjected to dispersion by differential electrical mobility at atmospheric pressure. A resulting narrow size cut of singly charged molecular ions or particles was passed through a condensation growth tube collector to create a flow stream of small water droplets, each carrying a single ion or particle. The droplets were splash landed (impacted) onto a solid or liquid temperature controlled surface. Small pools of droplets containing size-selected particles, FITC-albumin, or Lsr-F were recovered, re-electrosprayed, and, when analyzed a second time by differential electrical mobility, showed increased homogeneity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the size-selected Lsr-F sample corroborated the mobility observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Henry Benner
- Physics and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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20
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21
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Nagaoka S, Ikemoto K, Horiuchi K, Nakajima A. Soft- and Reactive-Landing of Cr(aniline)2 Sandwich Complexes onto Self-Assembled Monolayers: Separation between Functional and Binding Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18719-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja205384q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nagaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kaori Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuki Horiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki 213-0012, Japan
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22
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Hamann C, Woltmann R, Hong IP, Hauptmann N, Karan S, Berndt R. Ultrahigh vacuum deposition of organic molecules by electrospray ionization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:033903. [PMID: 21456759 DOI: 10.1063/1.3553010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An electrospray apparatus for deposition of organic molecules on surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum is presented. The kinetic energy at the impact and mass to charge ratio of deposited ions can be controlled by an electrostatic quadrupole deflector and an in-line quadrupole mass spectrometer. With an ion funnel in the first two vacuum stages a high ion transmission is achieved. Experiments on porphyrin cations and deoxyribonucleic acid deposited on a Au(111) surface demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chr Hamann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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23
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Peng WP, Johnson GE, Fortmeyer IC, Wang P, Hadjar O, Cooks RG, Laskin J. Redox chemistry in thin layers of organometallic complexes prepared using ion soft landing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:267-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Johnson GE, Lysonski M, Laskin J. In Situ Reactivity and TOF-SIMS Analysis of Surfaces Prepared by Soft and Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5718-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100734g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Michael Lysonski
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352
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25
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Davila SJ, Birdwell DO, Verbeck GF. Drift tube soft-landing for the production and characterization of materials: applied to Cu clusters. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:034104. [PMID: 20370199 DOI: 10.1063/1.3361041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have recently developed a soft-landing (SL) instrument that is capable of depositing ions onto substrates for preparative and developmental research of new materials using a laser ablation source. This instrument was designed with a custom drift tube and a split-ring ion optic for the isolation of selected ions. The drift tube allows for the separation and thermalization of ions formed after laser ablation through collisions with an inert bath gas. These collisions allow the ions to be landed at energies below 1 eV onto substrates. The split-ring ion optic is capable of directing ions toward the detector or a landing substrate for selected components. Experiments will be shown ablating Cu using an Nd:YAG (1064 and 532 nm) for cluster formation and landing onto a muscovite (mica) surface. The laser ablation of Cu in 8 Torr of He gas gives a spectrum that contains multiple peaks corresponding to Cu(n), Cu(n)O(m) clusters, and their corresponding isomers. Atomic force microscopy and drift tube measurements were performed to characterize the performance characteristics of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Davila
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, USA
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26
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Hu Q, Wang P, Laskin J. Effect of the surface on the secondary structure of soft landed peptide ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12802-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00825g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Song Q, Xu W, Smith SA, Gao L, Chappell WJ, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Ion trap mass analysis at high pressure: an experimental characterization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:26-34. [PMID: 19862776 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly interesting to understand the performance of mass spectrometers at pressures much higher than those employed with conventional operating conditions. This interest has been driven by several influences, including demand for the development of reduced-power miniature mass spectrometers, desire for improved ion transfer into and through mass spectrometers, enhanced-yield preparative mass separations, and mass filtering at the atmospheric pressure interface. In this study, an instrument was configured to allow for the performance characterization of a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) at pressures up to 50 mtorr with air used as the buffer gas. The mass analysis efficiency, mass resolution, isolation efficiency, and collision-induced dissociation (CID) efficiency were evaluated at pressures ranging from 1 to 50 mtorr. The extent of degradation of mass resolution, isolation efficiency and ion stability as functions of pressure were characterized. Also, the optimal resonance ejection conditions were obtained at various pressures. Operations at 50 mtorr demonstrated improved CID efficiency in addition to peak widths of 2 and 5 m/z units (full width at half-maximum, FWHM) for protonated caffeine (m/z 195) and Ultramark (m/z 1521) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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28
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Hu Q, Wang P, Gassman PL, Laskin J. In situ Studies of Soft- and Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions Using Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7302-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901149s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qichi Hu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Peng Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Paul L. Gassman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Richland, Washington 99352
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29
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Nie Z, Li G, Goodwin MP, Gao L, Cyriac J, Cooks RG. In situ SIMS analysis and reactions of surfaces prepared by soft landing of mass-selected cations and anions using an ion trap mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:949-956. [PMID: 19318277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mass-selected polyatomic cations and anions, produced by electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI), were deposited onto polycrystalline Au or fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (FSAM) surfaces by soft landing (SL), using a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass spectrometer. Protonated and deprotonated molecules, as well as intact cations and anions generated from such molecules as peptides, inorganic catalysts, and fluorescent dyes, were soft-landed onto the surfaces. Analysis of the modified surfaces was performed in situ by Cs(+) secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using the same RIT mass analyzer to characterize the sputtered ions as that used to mass select the primary ions for SL. Soft-landing times as short as 30 s provided surfaces that yielded good quality SIMS spectra. Chemical reactions of the surfaces modified by SL were generated in an attached reaction chamber into which the surface was transferred under vacuum. For example, a surface on which protonated triethanolamine had been soft landed was silylated using vapor-phase chlorotrimethylsilane before being returned still under vacuum to the preparation chamber where SIMS analysis revealed the silyloxy functionalization. SL and vapor-phase reactions are complementary methods of surface modification and in situ surface analysis by SIMS is a simple way to characterize the products produced by either technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxiu Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, USA
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30
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Hadjar O, Wang P, Futrell JH, Laskin J. Effect of the surface on charge reduction and desorption kinetics of soft landed peptide ions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:901-906. [PMID: 19211264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Charge reduction and desorption kinetics of ions and neutral molecules produced by soft-landing of mass-selected singly and doubly protonated Gramicidin S (GS) on different surfaces was studied using time dependant in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) integrated in a specially designed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) research instrument. Soft-landing targets utilized in this study included inert self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1-dodecane thiol (HSAM) and its fluorinated analog (FSAM) on gold and hydrophilic carboxyl-terminated (COOH-SAM) and amine-terminated (NH(2)-SAM) surfaces. We observed efficient neutralization of soft-landed ions on the COOH-SAM surface, partial retention of only one proton on the HSAM surface, and efficient retention of two protons on the FSAM surface. Slow desorption rates measured experimentally indicate fairly strong binding between peptide molecules and SAM surfaces with the binding energy of 20-25 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hadjar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Directorate, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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31
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Surface Modification Using Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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32
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Volný M, Sadílek M, Jackson KE, Diener M, Elam WT, Turecek F. Matrix-free laser desorption/ionization of ions landed on plasma-treated metal surfaces. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1265-1273. [PMID: 18338315 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report new experiments in which laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) was applied to detection and characterization of gramicidin S and IgG pentapeptide (DSDPR) that were reactively landed on plasma-treated stainless steel surfaces. The distributions of [M+H](+), [M+Na](+) and [M + K](+) ion species in LDI-TOF for gramicidin S and IgG pentapeptide (DSDPR) were found to be markedly different from those in conventional MALDI-TOF spectra of the same samples. LDI-TOF mass spectra showed a strong preference for [M+K](+) adducts even in the presence of a large excess of sodium cations, or following surface treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. Alkali metal cations (K(+) and Cs(+)) can be exchanged in reactively landed peptide samples to provide the corresponding cationized peptide ions by LDI. Multiple charged trypsin cations were reactively landed into a layer of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid and ionized by LDI. The ionization mechanisms for LDI of surface-deposited peptides are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Volný
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA
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33
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Wang P, Laskin J. Helical Peptide Arrays on Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces through Soft and Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Wang P, Laskin J. Helical Peptide Arrays on Self-Assembled Monolayer Surfaces through Soft and Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6678-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Peng WP, Goodwin MP, Nie Z, Volný M, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Ion Soft Landing Using a Rectilinear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6640-9. [PMID: 18683953 DOI: 10.1021/ac800929w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Peng
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Michael P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Michael Volný
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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36
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Wang P, Hadjar O, Gassman PL, Laskin J. Reactive landing of peptide ions on self-assembled monolayer surfaces: an alternative approach for covalent immobilization of peptides on surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1512-22. [PMID: 18327307 DOI: 10.1039/b717617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Soft landing of mass-selected peptide ions onto reactive self-assembled monolayer surfaces (SAMs) was performed using a newly constructed ion deposition apparatus. SAM surfaces before and after soft landing were characterized ex situ using time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). We demonstrate that reactive landing (RL) results in efficient covalent linking of lysine-containing peptides onto the SAM of N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester-terminated alkylthiol on gold (NHS-SAM). Systematic studies of the factors that affect the efficiency of RL revealed that the reaction takes place upon collision and is promoted by the kinetic energy of the ion. The efficiency of RL is maximized at ca. 40 eV collision energy. At high collision energies the RL efficiency decreases because of the competition with scattering of ions off the surface. The reaction yield is independent of the charge state of the projectile ions, suggesting that peptide ions undergo efficient neutralization upon collision. Chemical and physical properties of the SAM surface are also important factors that affect the outcome of RL. The presence of chemically reactive functional groups on the SAM surface significantly improves the reaction efficiency. RL of mass- and energy-selected peptide ions on surfaces provides a highly specific approach for covalent immobilization of biological molecules onto SAM surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Directorate, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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37
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Laskin J, Wang P, Hadjar O. Soft-landing of peptide ions onto self-assembled monolayer surfaces: an overview. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1079-90. [DOI: 10.1039/b712710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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