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Mamun AA, McGarrity M, Kim JH, Zhao F. Silicon Carbide-Based DNA Sensing Technologies. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1557. [PMID: 37630093 PMCID: PMC10456662 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA sensing is critical in various applications such as the early diagnosis of diseases and the investigation of forensic evidence, food processing, agriculture, environmental protection, etc. As a wide-bandgap semiconductor with excellent chemical, physical, electrical, and biocompatible properties, silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material for DNA sensors. In recent years, a variety of SiC-based DNA-sensing technologies have been reported, such as nanoparticles and quantum dots, nanowires, nanopillars, and nanowire-based field-effect-transistors, etc. This article aims to provide a review of SiC-based DNA sensing technologies, their functions, and testing results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Feng Zhao
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
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2
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Park JH, Song Z, Bong JH, Kim HR, Kim MJ, Choi KH, Shin SS, Kang MJ, Lee DY, Pyun JC. Electrochemical One-Step Immunoassay Based on Switching Peptides and Pyrolyzed Carbon Electrodes. ACS Sens 2022; 7:215-224. [PMID: 34984905 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Switching peptides were designed to bind reversibly to the binding pocket of antibodies (IgG) by interacting with frame regions (FRs). These peptides can be quantitatively released when antigens bind to IgG. As FRs have conserved amino acid sequences, switching peptides can be used as antibodies for different antigens and different source animals. In this study, an electrochemical one-step immunoassay was conducted using switching peptides labeled with ferrocene for the quantitative measurement of analytes. For the effective amperometry of the switching peptides labeled with ferrocene, a pyrolyzed carbon electrode was prepared by pyrolysis of the parylene-C film. The feasibility of the pyrolyzed carbon electrode for the electrochemical one-step immunoassay was determined by analyzing its electrochemical properties, such as its low double-layer capacitance (Cdl), high electron transfer rate (kapp), and wide electrochemical window. In addition, the factors influencing the amperometry of switching peptides labeled with ferrocene were analyzed according to the hydrodynamic radius, the number of intrahydrogen bonds, dipole moments, and diffusion coefficients. Finally, the applicability of the electrochemical one-step immunoassay for the medical diagnosis of the human hepatitis B surface antigen (hHBsAg) was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hee Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiquan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hak Choi
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Shick Shin
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Lee
- OPTOLANE Technologies Inc., 20 Pangyoyeok-ro 241beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Baby A, Marcaud G, Dappe YJ, D'Angelo M, Cantin JL, Silly M, Fratesi G. Phthalocyanine reactivity and interaction on the 6H-SiC(0001)-(3×3) surface by core-level experiments and simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14937-14946. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of phthalocyanine (H2Pc) on the 6H-SiC(0001)-(3×3) surface is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations....
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Bakytkarim Y, Tursynbolat S, Huang J, Wang L. Free‐enzymatic Indirect Detection of Malathion by SiC@CuO‐NPs Composite Nanomaterial Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yrysgul Bakytkarim
- JCS«A.B.Bekturov Institute of chemical sciences» Almaty Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Satar Tursynbolat
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangdong Province P.R. China
| | - Jianzhi Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan Guangdong 523808 P.R.China
| | - Lishi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangdong Province P.R. China
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Nanostructure ITO and Get More of It. Better Performance at Lower Cost. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101974. [PMID: 33028040 PMCID: PMC7600850 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated how different growth conditions (i.e., temperature, growth time, and composition) allows for trading off cost (i.e., In content) and performance of nanostructured indium tin oxide (ITO) for biosensing applications. Next, we compared the behavior of these functionalized nanostructured surfaces obtained in different growth conditions between each other and with a standard thin film as a reference, observing improvements in effective detection area up to two orders of magnitude. This enhanced the biosensor’s sensitivity, with higher detection level, better accuracy and higher reproducibility. Results show that below 150 °C, the growth of ITO over the substrate forms a homogenous layer without any kind of nanostructuration. In contrast, at temperatures higher than 150 °C, a two-phase temperature-dependent growth was observed. We concluded that (i) nanowire length grows exponentially with temperature (activation energy 356 meV) and leads to optimal conditions in terms of both electroactive surface area and sensitivity at around 300 °C, (ii) longer times of growth than 30 min lead to larger active areas and (iii) the In content in a nanostructured film can be reduced by 10%, obtaining performances equivalent to those found in commercial flat-film ITO electrodes. In summary, this work shows how to produce appropriate materials with optimized cost and performances for different applications in biosensing.
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Liu Q, Li J, Yang W, Zhang X, Zhang C, Labbé C, Portier X, Liu F, Yao J, Liu B. Simultaneous detection of trace Ag(I) and Cu(II) ions using homoepitaxially grown GaN micropillar electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1100:22-30. [PMID: 31987144 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the motivation to quantitively control and monitor trace metal ions in water, the development of environmental-friendly electrodes with superior detection sensitivity is extremely important. In this work, we report the design of a stable, ultrasensitive and biocompatible electrode for the detection of trace Ag+ and Cu2+ ions by growing n-type GaN micropillars on conductive p-type GaN substrate. The electrochemical measurement based on cyclic voltammetry indicates that the GaN micropillars exhibit quasi-reversible and mass-controlled reaction in redox probe solution. In the application of trace Ag+ and Cu2+ determination, the GaN micropillars show superior sensitivity and excellent conductivity by presenting a detection limit of 3.3 ppb for Ag+ and 3.3 ppb for Cu2+. Comparative studies on the electrochemical response of GaN micropillars and GaN film in the simultaneous Ag+ and Cu2+ detection reveal that GaN micropillars show three orders of magnitude higher stripping peak current than GaN film. It is assumed that the microarray morphology with large active area and the hydrophilia nature of GaN micropillars are responsible for the excellent sensitivity. This work will open up some opportunities for GaN nanostructure electrodes in the application of trace metal ions detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xinglai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Christophe Labbé
- CIMAP CNRS/CEA/ENSICAEN/Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Xavier Portier
- CIMAP CNRS/CEA/ENSICAEN/Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050, Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jinlei Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Baodan Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Phan HP, Zhong Y, Nguyen TK, Park Y, Dinh T, Song E, Vadivelu RK, Masud MK, Li J, Shiddiky MJA, Dao D, Yamauchi Y, Rogers JA, Nguyen NT. Long-Lived, Transferred Crystalline Silicon Carbide Nanomembranes for Implantable Flexible Electronics. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11572-11581. [PMID: 31433939 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Implantable electronics are of great interest owing to their capability for real-time and continuous recording of cellular-electrical activity. Nevertheless, as such systems involve direct interfaces with surrounding biofluidic environments, maintaining their long-term sustainable operation, without leakage currents or corrosion, is a daunting challenge. Herein, we present a thin, flexible semiconducting material system that offers attractive attributes in this context. The material consists of crystalline cubic silicon carbide nanomembranes grown on silicon wafers, released and then physically transferred to a final device substrate (e.g., polyimide). The experimental results demonstrate that SiC nanomembranes with thicknesses of 230 nm do not experience the hydrolysis process (i.e., the etching rate is 0 nm/day at 96 °C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)). There is no observable water permeability for at least 60 days in PBS at 96 °C and non-Na+ ion diffusion detected at a thickness of 50 nm after being soaked in 1× PBS for 12 days. These properties enable Faradaic interfaces between active electronics and biological tissues, as well as multimodal sensing of temperature, strain, and other properties without the need for additional encapsulating layers. These findings create important opportunities for use of flexible, wide band gap materials as essential components of long-lived neurological and cardiac electrophysiological device interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Yishan Zhong
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Tuan-Khoa Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Yoonseok Park
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Toan Dinh
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Enming Song
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Raja Kumar Vadivelu
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jinghua Li
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources , Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deogyeong-daero , Giheung-gu, Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 446-701 , Korea
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
- School of Environment and Science , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
| | - Dzung Dao
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Queensland 4215 , Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology and School of Chemical Engineering , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and, Computer Science, and Neurological Surgery, Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/biotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre , Griffith University , Brisbane , Queensland 4111 , Australia
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Park JH, Song Z, Lee GY, Jeong SM, Kang MJ, Pyun JC. Hypersensitive electrochemical immunoassays based on highly N-doped silicon carbide (SiC) electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1073:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Phan HP, Masud MK, Vadivelu RK, Dinh T, Nguyen TK, Ngo K, Dao DV, Shiddiky MJA, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Nguyen NT. Transparent crystalline cubic SiC-on-glass electrodes enable simultaneous electrochemistry and optical microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7978-7981. [PMID: 31225573 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This work presents crystalline SiC-on-glass as a transparent, robust, and optically stable electrode for simultaneous electrochemical characterization and optical microscope imaging. Experimental results show a large potential window, as well as excellent stability and repeatability over multiple cyclic voltammetric scans in common redox biomarkers such as ruthenium hexaammine and methylene blue. The high optical transmittance and biocompatibility of SiC-on-glass were also observed, enabling cell culture, electrical stimulation, and high resolution fluorescence imaging. This new platform opens exciting opportunities in multi-functional biosensing-probes and observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Qld, Australia.
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11
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Pruna R, López M, Teixidor F. Tuning the deposition parameters for optimizing the faradaic and non-faradaic electrochemical performance of nanowire array-shaped ITO electrodes prepared by electron beam evaporation. NANOSCALE 2018; 11:276-284. [PMID: 30534714 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07908k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces present an interesting yet unusual combination of properties (high electrical conductivity and optical transparency) at a high surface-to-volume ratio. Thus, previous studies presented nanostructured ITO electrodes as potentially suitable platforms for electrochemical biosensors, but still there is a lack of research on the optimization of preparation methods for such electrodes. We present a systematic study on the properties of nanostructured ITO electrodes prepared by physical deposition, where the substrate temperature was tuned for achieving the best combination of structural properties (namely electrical conductivity and optical transparency) and electrochemical performance. Analysis of faradaic cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed to determine the electroactive surface area of the samples, and these results were benchmarked against those obtained by non-faradaic CV and Mott-Schottky (MS) analysis. The latter was useful to determine the dependence of some intrinsic features of the semiconductor on the substrate temperature during deposition. The results show that, out of a wide temperature range covering from 200 °C to 500 °C, there is a two-phase temperature-dependent growth, explained by the Stranski-Krastanov and self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) methods, and, on the other hand, that there is an optimal growth temperature at 300 °C that maximizes the electroactive surface area and sensitivity. This means that cost-effective electrodes can be prepared at low temperatures outperforming in terms of electroactive surface area, surface capacitance and sensitivity. As a proof-of-concept, nanostructured ITO electrodes were electrochemically derivatized with aryl diazonium salts (as a first step towards biochemical functionalization), and the performance of the optimized electrodes was tested in a real scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pruna
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Bakytkarim Y, Tursynbolat S, Zeng Q, Huang J, Wang L. A Highly Sensitive Determination of Parathion Pesticide by Solid-Phase Extraction on a Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles Modified Electrode. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yrysgul Bakytkarim
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province; P.R. China
| | - Satar Tursynbolat
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province; P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province; P.R. China
| | - Jianzhi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province; P.R. China
| | - Lishi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology, Guangdong Province; P.R. China
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Roushani M, Nezhadali A, Jalilian Z, Azadbakht A. Development of novel electrochemical sensor on the base of molecular imprinted polymer decorated on SiC nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode for selective determination of loratadine. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:1106-1114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Qiu Z, Yu J, Yan P, Wang Z, Wan Q, Yang N. Electrochemical Grafting of Graphene Nano Platelets with Aryl Diazonium Salts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28291-28298. [PMID: 26804460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To vary interfacial properties, electrochemical grafting of graphene nano platelets (GNP) with 3,5-dichlorophenyl diazonium tetrafluoroborate (aryl-Cl) and 4-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate (aryl-NO2) was realized in a potentiodynamic mode. The covalently bonded aryl layers on GNP were characterized using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical conversion of aryl-NO2 into aryl-NH2 was conducted. The voltammetric and impedance behavior of negatively and positively charged redox probes (Fe(CN)63-/4- and Ru(NH3)62+/3+) on three kinds of aryl layers grafted on GNP reveal that their interfacial properties are determined by the charge states of redox probes and reactive terminal groups (-Cl, -NO2, -NH2) in aryl layers. On aryl-Cl and aryl-NH2 garted GNP, selective and sensitive monitoring of positively charged lead ions as well as negatively charged nitrite and sulfite ions was achieved, respectively. Such a grafting procedure is thus a perfect way to design and control interfacial properties of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jun Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Qijin Wan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Nianjun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor & Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430073, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen , Siegen 57076, Germany
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Liu W, Yang T, Chen J, Chen Y, Hou X, Han X, Chou KC. Improvement in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy from cubic SiC semiconductor nanowhiskers by adjustment of energy levels. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27572-27576. [PMID: 27711613 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced reproducible Raman signals of the 4-MBA molecule were observed on the surface of semiconducting SiC nanowhiskers (SiCNWs) by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The SERS enhancement was further tuned and boosted by doping with B. Theoretical calculations were performed to unravel the mechanism of the SERS enhancement and it was found that the SERS effect was strongly associated with the energy level structure between the substrate and analyte. Appropriate energy level matching facilitated the charge transfer process during laser illumination, enhancing the SERS signal. This proposed mechanism was verified through multiple control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Junhong Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingzhi Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinmei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kuo-Chih Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Fradetal L, Bano E, Attolini G, Rossi F, Stambouli V. A silicon carbide nanowire field effect transistor for DNA detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:235501. [PMID: 27120971 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/23/235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports on the label-free electrical detection of DNA molecules for the first time, using silicon carbide (SiC) as a novel material for the realization of nanowire field effect transistors (NWFETs). SiC is a promising semiconductor for this application due to its specific characteristics such as chemical inertness and biocompatibility. Non-intentionally n-doped SiC NWs are first grown using a bottom-up vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism, leading to the NWs exhibiting needle-shaped morphology, with a length of approximately 2 μm and a diameter ranging from 25 to 60 nm. Then, the SiC NWFETs are fabricated and functionalized with DNA molecule probes via covalent coupling using an amino-terminated organosilane. The drain current versus drain voltage (I d-V d) characteristics obtained after the DNA grafting and hybridization are reported from the comparative and simultaneous measurements carried out on the SiC NWFETs, used either as sensors or references. As a representative result, the current of the sensor is lowered by 22% after probe DNA grafting and by 7% after target DNA hybridization, while the current of the reference does not vary by more than ±0.6%. The current decrease confirms the field effect induced by the negative charges of the DNA molecules. Moreover, the selectivity, reproducibility, reversibility and stability of the studied devices are emphasized by de-hybridization, non-complementary hybridization and re-hybridization experiments. This first proof of concept opens the way for future developments using SiC-NW-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fradetal
- IMEP-LAHC, Grenoble INP-Minatec, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble Cedex 1, France. LMGP, Grenoble INP-Minatec, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
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Bare and boron-doped cubic silicon carbide nanowires for electrochemical detection of nitrite sensitively. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24872. [PMID: 27109361 PMCID: PMC4843007 DOI: 10.1038/srep24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of eletrochemical sensors based on wide bandgap compound semiconductors has attracted increasing interest in recent years. Here we report for the first time electrochemical nitrite sensors based on cubic silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires (NWs) with smooth surface and boron-doped cubic SiC NWs with fin-like structure. Multiple techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to characterize SiC and boron-doped SiC NWs. As for the electrochemical behavior of both SiC NWs electrode, the cyclic voltammetric results show that both SiC electrodes exhibit wide potential window and excellent electrocatalytic activity toward nitrite oxidation. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) determination reveals that there exists a good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and the concentration in the range of 50-15000 μmoL L(-1) (cubic SiC NWs) and 5-8000 μmoL L(-1) (B-doped cubic SiC NWs) with the detection limitation of 5 and 0.5 μmoL L(-1) respectively. Compared with previously reported results, both as-prepared nitrite sensors exhibit wider linear response range with comparable high sensitivity, high stability and reproducibility.
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Sachsenhauser M, Walczak K, Hampel PA, Stutzmann M, Sharp ID, Garrido JA. Suppression of Photoanodic Surface Oxidation of n-Type 6H-SiC Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1637-1644. [PMID: 26795116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical characterization of silicon carbide (SiC) electrodes is important for enabling a wide range of potential applications for this semiconductor. However, photocorrosion of the SiC surface remains a key challenge, because this process considerably hinders the deployment of this material into functional devices. In this report, we use cyclic voltammetry to investigate the stability of n-type 6H-SiC photoelectrodes in buffered aqueous electrolytes. For measurements in pure Tris buffer, photogenerated holes accumulate at the interface under anodic polarization, resulting in the formation of a porous surface oxide layer. Two possibilities are presented to significantly enhance the stability of the SiC photoelectrodes. In the first approach, redox molecules are added to the buffer solution to kinetically facilitate hole transfer to these molecules, and in the second approach, water oxidation in the electrolyte is induced by depositing a cobalt phosphate catalyst onto the semiconductor surface. Both methods are found to effectively suppress photocorrosion of the SiC electrodes, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The presented study provides straightforward routes to stabilize n-type SiC photoelectrodes in aqueous electrolytes, which is essential for a possible utilization of this material in the fields of photocatalysis and multimodal biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sachsenhauser
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München , Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karl Walczak
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Paul A Hampel
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München , Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Stutzmann
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München , Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ian D Sharp
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jose A Garrido
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , 08070 Barcelona, Spain
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Randriamahazaka H, Ghilane J. Electrografting and Controlled Surface Functionalization of Carbon Based Surfaces for Electroanalysis. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Kuntumalla MK, Srikanth VVSS, Ravulapalli S, Gangadharini U, Ojha H, Desai NR, Bansal C. SERS activity of Ag decorated nanodiamond and nano-β-SiC, diamond-like-carbon and thermally annealed diamond thin film surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:21331-6. [PMID: 25691097 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05236f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the recent past surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based bio-sensing has gained prominence owing to the simplicity and efficiency of the SERS technique. Dedicated and continuous research efforts have been made to develop SERS substrates that are not only stable, durable and reproducible but also facilitate real-time bio-sensing. In this context diamond, β-SiC and diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and other related thin films have been promoted as excellent candidates for bio-technological applications including real time bio-sensing. In this work, SERS activities of nanodiamond, nano-β-SiC, DLC, thermally annealed diamond thin film surfaces were examined. DLC and thermally annealed diamond thin films were found to show SERS activity without any metal nanostructures on their surfaces. The observed SERS activities of the considered surfaces are explained in terms of the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism and charge transfer resonance process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Kuntumalla
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology (SEST), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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21
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Zhuang H, Yang N, Zhang L, Fuchs R, Jiang X. Electrochemical properties and applications of nanocrystalline, microcrystalline, and epitaxial cubic silicon carbide films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10886-10895. [PMID: 25939808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microstructures of the materials (e.g., crystallinitiy, defects, and composition, etc.) determine their properties, which eventually lead to their diverse applications. In this contribution, the properties, especially the electrochemical properties, of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) films have been engineered by controlling their microstructures. By manipulating the deposition conditions, nanocrystalline, microcrystalline and epitaxial (001) 3C-SiC films are obtained with varied properties. The epitaxial 3C-SiC film presents the lowest double-layer capacitance and the highest reversibility of redox probes, because of its perfect (001) orientation and high phase purity. The highest double-layer capacitance and the lowest reversibility of redox probes have been realized on the nanocrystalline 3C-SiC film. Those are ascribed to its high amount of grain boundaries, amorphous phases and large diversity in its crystal size. Based on their diverse properties, the electrochemical performances of 3C-SiC films are evaluated in two kinds of potential applications, namely an electrochemical capacitor using a nanocrystalline film and an electrochemical dopamine sensor using the epitaxial 3C-SiC film. The nanocrystalline 3C-SiC film shows not only a high double layer capacitance (43-70 μF/cm(2)) but also a long-term stability of its capacitance. The epitaxial 3C-SiC film shows a low detection limit toward dopamine, which is one to 2 orders of magnitude lower than its normal concentration in tissue. Therefore, 3C-SiC film is a novel but designable material for different emerging electrochemical applications such as energy storage, biomedical/chemical sensors, environmental pollutant detectors, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhuang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Strasse 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Strasse 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Strasse 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Regina Fuchs
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Strasse 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Strasse 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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22
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Wang C, Huang N, Zhuang H, Jiang X. Enhanced performance of nanocrystalline ZnO DNA biosensor via introducing electrochemical covalent biolinkers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7605-7612. [PMID: 25799179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered to be one of the most promising candidates for the third-generation DNA biosensor because of its good chemical stability, wonderful biocompatibility, easy surface modification, and numerous kinds of nanostructures. In this work, we report a new and simple method to modify ZnO surface for the immobilization of oligonucleotides by electrochemical covalent grafting of diazonium salts. The atomic force microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface contact angle system, and electrochemical workstation were employed to characterize the functionalization process. Fluorescence results show that this kind of DNA biosensor from covalently linking strategy has an enhanced performance compared to that based on an electrostatic adsorption route. The functionalized ZnO biosensor has the capability to distinguish four-base mismatched, one-base mismatched, and complementary DNA sequences. Moreover, a linear relationship has been observed between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of the complementary DNA in the solution within the range from 10(-6) to 10(-9) M, offering us a possibility in the qualitative determination of the level of target DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Huang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhuang
- ‡Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Xin Jiang
- †Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China
- ‡Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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23
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Yang P, Tong X, Wang G, Gao Z, Guo X, Qin Y. NiO/SiC nanocomposite prepared by atomic layer deposition used as a novel electrocatalyst for nonenzymatic glucose sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4772-4777. [PMID: 25664816 DOI: 10.1021/am508508m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
NiO nanoparticles are deposited onto SiC particles by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The structure of the NiO/SiC hybrid material is investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size of the NiO nanoparticles is flexible and can be adjusted by altering the cycle number of the NiO ALD. Electrochemical measurements illustrate that NiO/SiC prepared with 600 cycles for NiO ALD exhibits the highest glucose sensing ability in alkaline electrolytes with a low detection limit of 0.32 μM (S/N = 3), high sensitivity of 2.037 mA mM(-1) cm(-2), a linear detection range from approximately 4 μM to 7.5 mM, and good stability. Its sensitivity is about 6 times of that for commercial NiO nanoparticles and NiO/SiC nanocomposites prepared by a traditional incipient wetness impregnation method. It is revealed that the superior electrochemical ability of ALD NiO/SiC is ascribed to the strong interaction between NiO and the SiC substrate and the high dispersity of NiO nanoparticles on the SiC surface. These results suggest that ALD is an effective way to deposit NiO on SiC for nonenzymatic glucose sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Taiyuan 030001, China
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24
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Jiang L, Fu H, Wang L, Zhou W, Jiang B, Wang R. Pt loaded onto silicon carbide/porous carbon hybrids as an electrocatalyst in the methanol oxidation reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09216c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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26
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Habibi B, Jahanbakhshi M. Silver nanoparticles/multi walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite modified electrode: Voltammetric determination of clonazepam. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Zhou X, Liu Y, Li X, Gao Q, Liu X, Fang Y. Topological morphology conversion towards SnO2/SiC hollow sphere nanochains with efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1070-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47790h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Promoting performance and CO tolerance of Pt nanocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells by supporting on high-surface-area silicon carbide. J Solid State Electrochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-013-2336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) has been around for more than 100 years as an industrial material and has found wide and varied applications because of its unique electrical and thermal properties. In recent years there has been increased attention to SiC as a viable material for biomedical applications. Of particular interest in this review is its potential for application as a biotransducer in biosensors. Among these applications are those where SiC is used as a substrate material, taking advantage of its surface chemical, tribological and electrical properties. In addition, its potential for integration as system on a chip and those applications where SiC is used as an active material make it a suitable substrate for micro-device fabrication. This review highlights the critical properties of SiC for application as a biosensor and reviews recent work reported on using SiC as an active or passive material in biotransducers and biosensors.
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30
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Metal complex oligomer and polymer wires on electrodes: Tactical constructions and versatile functionalities. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, Weidner T, Baio JE, Stuart MAC, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Covalently attached organic monolayers onto silicon carbide from 1-alkynes: molecular structure and tribological properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4019-4031. [PMID: 23496153 DOI: 10.1021/la400040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve improved tribological and wear properties at semiconductor interfaces, we have investigated the thermal grafting of both alkylated and fluorine-containing ((C(x)F(2x+1))-(CH2)n-) 1-alkynes and 1-alkenes onto silicon carbide (SiC). The resulting monolayers display static water contact angles up to 120°. The chemical composition of the covalently bound monolayers was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. These techniques indicate the presence of acetal groups at the organic-inorganic interface of alkyne-modified SiC surfaces. The tribological properties of the resulting organic monolayers with fluorinated or nonfluorinated end groups were explored using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the fluorinated monolayers exhibit a significant reduction of adhesion forces, friction forces, and wear resistance compared with non-fluorinated molecular coatings and especially bare SiC substrates. The successful combination of hydrophobicity and excellent tribological properties makes these strongly bound, fluorinated monolayers promising candidates for application as a thin film coating in high-performance microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Zhuang H, Zhang L, Staedler T, Jiang X. Low Temperature Hetero-Epitaxial Growth of 3C-SiC Films on Si Utilizing Microwave Plasma CVD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.201207011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Schoell SJ, Sachsenhauser M, Oliveros A, Howgate J, Stutzmann M, Brandt MS, Frewin CL, Saddow SE, Sharp ID. Organic functionalization of 3C-SiC surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:1393-1399. [PMID: 23357505 DOI: 10.1021/am302786n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the functionalization of n-type (100) and (111) 3C-SiC surfaces with organosilanes. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of amino-propyldiethoxymethylsilane (APDEMS) and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS) are formed via wet chemical processing techniques. Their structural, chemical, and electrical properties are investigated using static water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing that the organic layers are smooth and densely packed. Furthermore, combined contact potential difference and surface photovoltage measurements demonstrate that the heterostructure functionality and surface potential can be tuned by utilizing different organosilane precursor molecules. Molecular dipoles are observed to significantly affect the work functions of the modified surfaces. Furthermore, the magnitude of the surface band bending is reduced following reaction of the hydroxylated surfaces with organosilanes, indicating that partial passivation of electrically active surface states is achieved. Micropatterning of organic layers is demonstrated by lithographically defined oxidation of organosilane-derived monolayers in an oxygen plasma, followed by visualization of resulting changes of the local wettability, as well as fluorescence microscopy following immobilization of fluorescently labeled BSA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Schoell
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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34
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Yang N, Zhuang H, Hoffmann R, Smirnov W, Hees J, Jiang X, Nebel CE. Electrochemistry of Nanocrystalline 3C Silicon Carbide Films. Chemistry 2012; 18:6514-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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