1
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Gass DT, Quintero AV, Hatvany JB, Gallagher ES. Metal adduction in mass spectrometric analyses of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:615-659. [PMID: 36005212 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrates, and glycoconjugates are involved in many crucial biological processes, such as disease development, immune responses, and cell-cell recognition. Glycans and carbohydrates are known for the large number of isomeric features associated with their structures, making analysis challenging compared with other biomolecules. Mass spectrometry has become the primary method of structural characterization for carbohydrates, glycans, and glycoconjugates. Metal adduction is especially important for the mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates and glycans. Metal-ion adduction to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates affects ion formation and the three-dimensional, gas-phase structures. Herein, we discuss how metal-ion adduction impacts ionization, ion mobility, ion activation and dissociation, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. We also compare the use of different metals for these various techniques and highlight the value in using metals as charge carriers for these analyses. Finally, we provide recommendations for selecting a metal for analysis of carbohydrate adducts and describe areas for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren T Gass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ana V Quintero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob B Hatvany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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2
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Heiss DR, Amoah E, Badu-Tawiah AK. Two-dimensional isomer differentiation using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with in-source, droplet-based derivatization. Analyst 2023; 148:5270-5278. [PMID: 37740330 PMCID: PMC10696534 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01276j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides are increasingly used as biomarkers and for therapeutic purposes. Their characterization is challenging due to their low ionization efficiencies and inherent structural heterogeneity. Here, we illustrate how the coupling of online droplet-based reaction, in a form of contained electrospray (ES) ion source, with liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allows the comprehensive characterization of sucrose isomers. We used the reaction between phenylboronic acid and cis-diols for on-the-fly derivatization of saccharides eluting from the LC column followed by in situ MS/MS analysis, which afforded diagnostic fragment ions that enabled differentiation of species indistinguishable by chromatography or mass spectrometry alone. For example, chromatograms differing only by 2% in retention times were flagged to be different based on incompatible MS/MS fragmentation patterns. This orthogonal LC-contained-ES-MS/MS method was applied to confirm the presence of turanose, palatinose, maltulose, and maltose, which are structural isomers of sucrose, in three different honey samples. The reported workflow does not require modification to existing mass spectrometers, and the contained-ES platform itself acts both as the ion source and the reactor, all promising widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derik R Heiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Enoch Amoah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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3
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Mendis PM, Jackson GP. Structural characterization of human milk oligosaccharides using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-helium charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. Glycobiology 2022; 32:483-495. [PMID: 35275172 PMCID: PMC9271224 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of helium charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry (He-CTD-MS) with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is presented for the analysis of a complex mixture of acidic and neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The research focuses on the identification of the monosaccharide sequence, the branching patterns, the sialylation/fucosylation arrangements, and the differentiation of isomeric oligosaccharides in the mixture. Initial studies first optimized the conditions for the UHPLC separation and the He-CTD-MS conditions. Results demonstrate that He-CTD is compatible with UHPLC timescales and provides unambiguous glycosidic and cross-ring cleavages from both the reducing and the nonreducing ends, which is not typically possible using collision-induced dissociation. He-CTD produces informative fragments, including 0,3An and 0,4An ions, which have been observed with electron transfer dissociation, electron detachment dissociation, and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and are crucial for differentiating the α-2,3- versus α-2,6-linked sialic acid (Neu5Ac) residues present among sialyllacto-N-tetraose HMOs. In addition to the linkage positions, He-CTD is able to differentiate structural isomers for both sialyllacto-N-tetraoses and lacto-N-fucopentaoses structures by providing unique, unambiguous cross-ring cleavages of types 0,2An, 0,2Xn, and 1,5An while preserving most of the labile Neu5Ac and fucose groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth M Mendis
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6121, USA
| | - Glen P Jackson
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6121, USA.,Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6121, USA
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4
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Grabarics M, Lettow M, Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Manz C, Pagel K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7840-7908. [PMID: 34491038 PMCID: PMC9052437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells encode information in the sequence of biopolymers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. Although glycans are essential to all living organisms, surprisingly little is known about the "sugar code" and the biological roles of these molecules. The reason glycobiology lags behind its counterparts dealing with nucleic acids and proteins lies in the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which renders their analysis extremely challenging. Building blocks that may differ only in the configuration of a single stereocenter, combined with the vast possibilities to connect monosaccharide units, lead to an immense variety of isomers, which poses a formidable challenge to conventional mass spectrometry. In recent years, however, a combination of innovative ion activation methods, commercialization of ion mobility-mass spectrometry, progress in gas-phase ion spectroscopy, and advances in computational chemistry have led to a revolution in mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis. The present review focuses on the above techniques that expanded the traditional glycomics toolkit and provided spectacular insight into the structure of these fascinating biomolecules. To emphasize the specific challenges associated with them, major classes of mammalian glycans are discussed in separate sections. By doing so, we aim to put the spotlight on the most important element of glycobiology: the glycans themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márkó Grabarics
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Lettow
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Manz
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Mendis PM, Sasiene ZJ, Ropartz D, Rogniaux H, Jackson GP. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry (UHPLC-CTD-MS) as a tool for analyzing the structural heterogeneity in carrageenan oligosaccharides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:303-318. [PMID: 34050776 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry (CTD-MS) is presented for the analysis of a mixture of complex sulfated oligosaccharides. The mixture contained kappa (κ), iota (ι), and lambda (λ) carrageenans that contain anhydro bridges, different degrees of sulfation ranging from one to three per dimer, different positioning of the sulfate groups along the backbone, and varying degrees of polymerization (DP) between 4 and 12. Optimization studies using standard mixtures of carrageenans helped establish the optimal conditions for online UHPLC-CTD-MS/MS analysis. Optimization included (1) UHPLC conditions; (2) ion source conditions, such as the capillary voltage, drying gas and nebulizing gas temperature, and flow rate; and (3) CTD-MS conditions, including data-dependent CTD-MS. The UHPLC-CTD results were contrasted with UHPLC-CID results of the same mixture on the same instrument. Whereas CID tends to produce B/Y and C/Z ions with many neutral losses, CTD produced more abundant A/X ions and less abundant neutral losses, which enabled more confident structural detail. The results demonstrate that He-CTD is compatible with the timescale of UHPLC and provides more structural information about carrageenans compared to state-of-the-art methods like UHPLC-CID analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth M Mendis
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6121, USA
| | - Zachary J Sasiene
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6121, USA
| | - David Ropartz
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, 44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS Facility, 44316, Nantes, France
| | - Glen P Jackson
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6121, USA.
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6121, USA.
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6
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Nicolardi S, Joseph AA, Zhu Q, Shen Z, Pardo-Vargas A, Chiodo F, Molinaro A, Silipo A, van der Burgt YEM, Yu B, Seeberger PH, Wuhrer M. Analysis of Synthetic Monodisperse Polysaccharides by Wide Mass Range Ultrahigh-Resolution MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4666-4675. [PMID: 33667082 PMCID: PMC8034773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, such as oligo- and polysaccharides, are highly abundant biopolymers that are involved in numerous processes. The study of their structure and functions is commonly based on a material that is isolated from complex natural sources. However, a more precise analysis requires pure compounds with well-defined structures that can be obtained from chemical or enzymatic syntheses. Novel synthetic strategies have increased the accessibility of larger monodisperse polysaccharides, posing a challenge to the analytical methods used for their molecular characterization. Here, we present wide mass range ultrahigh-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) as a powerful platform for the analysis of synthetic oligo- and polysaccharides. Synthetic carbohydrates 16-, 64-, 100-, and 151-mers were mass analyzed and characterized by MALDI in-source decay FT-ICR MS. Detection of fragment ions generated from glycosidic bond cleavage (or cross-ring cleavage) provided information of the monosaccharide content and the linkage type, allowing for the corroboration of the carbohydrate compositions and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nicolardi
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - A. Abragam Joseph
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qian Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Alonso Pardo-Vargas
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Institute
of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian
National Research Council (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, Pozzuoli, Napoli 80078, Italy
- Amsterdam
UMC-Locatie VUMC, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Yuri E. M. van der Burgt
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, 1 Sub-lane
Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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7
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Xie C, Wu Q, Zhang S, Wang C, Gao W, Yu J, Tang K. Improving glycan isomeric separation via metal ion incorporation for drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 211:120719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Abel AS, Averin AD, Cheprakov AV, Roznyatovsky VA, Denat F, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A, Beletskaya IP. 6-Polyamino-substituted quinolines: synthesis and multiple metal (Cu II, Hg II and Zn II) monitoring in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4243-4260. [PMID: 30860543 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00259f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective palladium-catalyzed arylation of polyamines with 6-bromoquinoline has been explored to prepare chelators for the detection of metal cations in aqueous media. The introduction of a single aromatic moiety into non-protected polyamine molecules was achieved using the commercially available Pd(dba)2/BINAP precatalyst to afford nitrogen chelators, in which the aromatic signalling unit is directly attached to the polyamine residue. Water-soluble receptors were then synthesized using N-alkylation of these polyamines by hydrophilic coordinating residues. By combining rich photophysical properties of the 6-aminoquinoline unit with a high coordination affinity of chelating polyamines and a hydrophilic character of carboxamido-substituted phosphonic acid diesters in a single molecular device, we synthesized chemosensor 5 for selective double-channel (UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies) detection of CuII ions in aqueous media at physiological levels. This receptor is suitable for the analysis of drinking water and fabrication of paper test strips for the naked-eye detection of CuII ions under UV-light. By increasing the number of donor sites we also obtained chemosensor 6 which is efficient for the detection of HgII ions. Moreover, chemosensor 6 is also suitable for multiple detection of metal ions because it chelates not only HgII but also CuII and ZnII ions displaying different responses of emission in the presence of these three cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Abel
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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9
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Morrison KA, Clowers BH. Differential Fragmentation of Mobility-Selected Glycans via Ultraviolet Photodissociation and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1236-1241. [PMID: 28421405 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The alternative dissociation pathways initiated by ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) compared with collision-induced dissociation (CID) may provide useful diagnostic fragments for biomolecule identification, including glycans. However, underivatized glycans do not commonly demonstrate strong UV absorbance, resulting in low fragmentation yields for UVPD spectra. In contrast to UVPD experiments that leverage covalent modification of glycans, we detail the capacity of metal adduction to yield comparatively rich UVPD fragmentation patterns and enhance separation factors for an isomeric glycan set in a drift tube ion mobility system. Ion mobility and UVPD-MS spectra for two N-acetyl glycan isomers were examined, each adducted with sodium or cobalt cations, with the latter providing fragment yield gains of an order of magnitude versus sodium adducts. Furthermore, our glycan analysis incorporated front-end ion mobility separation such that the structural glycan isomers could still be identified even as a mixture and not simply composite spectra of isomeric standards. Cobalt adduction proved influential in the glycan separation by yielding an isomer resolution of 0.78 when analyzed simultaneously versus no discernable separation obtained with the sodium adducts. It is the combined enhancement of both isomeric drift time separation and isomer distinction with improved UVPD fragment ion yields that further bolster multivalent metal adduction for advancing glycan IM-MS experiments. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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10
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Online coupling of high-resolution chromatography with extreme UV photon activation tandem mass spectrometry: Application to the structural investigation of complex glycans by dissociative photoionization. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:1-9. [PMID: 27496992 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The activation of ions by extreme-energy photons (XUV) produced by a synchrotron radiation beamline is a powerful method for characterizing complex glycans using tandem mass spectrometry (MS). As previously described, this activation method leads to rich fragmentation spectra with many structurally valuable cross-ring cleavages while maintaining labile modifications on the glycan structures. However, until now, the tandem MS event was too long to be compatible with liquid chromatography elution times. In this work, the duty cycle of the activation and detection of fragments was shortened, and the background signal on the spectra was drastically reduced. Both improvements allowed, for the first time, the successful coupling of a UHPLC system to XUV-activated tandem MS. The approach was used to characterize a complex mixture of oligo-porphyrans, which are a class of highly sulfated oligosaccharides, in a fully automated way. Due to an enhanced dynamic range and an increased sensitivity, some hypothetical structures of low abundance have been unequivocally confirmed in this study and others have been revised. Some previously undescribed species of oligo-porphyrans that exhibit lateral branching have been fully resolved. This work contributes to the scarce knowledge of the structure of porphyrans in red algae and pushes the current capacities of XUV-activation tandem MS by demonstrating the possibility of a direct coupling with UHPLC. This study will considerably broaden the applicability and practicality of this method in many fields of analytical biology.
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11
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Li D, Tang Y, Xu W. Ion collision cross section measurements in Fourier transform-based mass analyzers. Analyst 2016; 141:3554-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High-vacuum ion collision cross section (CCS) measurements in Fourier transform mass analyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110004
- China
| | - Yang Tang
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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12
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Robotham SA, Brodbelt JS. Comparison of Ultraviolet Photodissociation and Collision Induced Dissociation of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Peptides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1570-9. [PMID: 26122515 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to better characterize the fragmentation pathways promoted by ultraviolet photoexcitation in comparison to collision induced dissociation (CID), six adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) peptides in a range of charge states were subjected to 266 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD), 193 nm UVPD, and CID. Similar fragment ions and distributions were observed for 266 nm UVPD and 193 nm UVPD for all peptides investigated. While both UVPD and CID led to preferential cleavage of the Y-S bond for all ACTH peptides [except ACTH (1-39)], UVPD was far less dependent on charge state and location of basic sites for the production of C-terminal and N-terminal ions. For ACTH (1-16), ACTH (1-17), ACTH (1-24), and ACTH (1-39), changes in the distributions of fragment ion types (a, b, c, x, y, z, and collectively N-terminal ions versus C-terminal ions) showed only minor changes upon UVPD for all charge states. In contrast, CID displayed significant changes in the fragment ion type distributions as a function of charge state, an outcome consistent with the dependence on the number and location of mobile protons that is not prominent for UVPD. Sequence coverages obtained by UVPD showed less dependence on charge state than those determined by CID, with the latter showing a consistent decrease in coverage as charge state increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Robotham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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13
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Ropartz D, Giuliani A, Hervé C, Geairon A, Jam M, Czjzek M, Rogniaux H. High-Energy Photon Activation Tandem Mass Spectrometry Provides Unprecedented Insights into the Structure of Highly Sulfated Oligosaccharides Extracted from Macroalgal Cell Walls. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1042-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5036007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Ropartz
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers
Interactions Assemblies F-44316 NANTES, France
| | - Alexandre Giuliani
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- UAR 1008
CEPIA,
INRA, F-44316 NANTES, France
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place George Teissier, F29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Audrey Geairon
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers
Interactions Assemblies F-44316 NANTES, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place George Teissier, F29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, UMR 8227, Station Biologique, Place George Teissier, F29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers
Interactions Assemblies F-44316 NANTES, France
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14
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Gaye MM, Kurulugama R, Clemmer DE. Investigating carbohydrate isomers by IMS-CID-IMS-MS: precursor and fragment ion cross-sections. Analyst 2015; 140:6922-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fragmentation of melezitose by IMS-CID-IMS-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Gaye
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
| | - R. Kurulugama
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
| | - D. E. Clemmer
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
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15
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Gernert C, Grotemeyer J. Photodissociation at various wavelengths: fragmentation studies of oxazine 170 using nanosecond laser pulses. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:599-608. [PMID: 26307739 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation of oxazine 170, a rhodamine-type dye, has been investigated by means of collisions and photodissociation with visible and ultraviolet radiation in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Because of an improved experimental setup, the photodissociation processes of stored ions are measured with high intensity with respect to the absorbed photons. By isotope labelling and quantum chemical calculations, the various fragmentation mechanisms are investigated. It is shown that the most important intermediate ion structure leading to the various ionic products is an even-electron azarine cation. Several new fragmentation mechanisms have been unveiled for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Gernert
- Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany. - kiel.de
| | - Jürgen Grotemeyer
- Christian- Albrechts Universitäät zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany. - kiel.de
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16
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Antoine R, Lemoine J, Dugourd P. Electron photodetachment dissociation for structural characterization of synthetic and bio-polymer anions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:501-22. [PMID: 24285407 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) is a generic term evoking techniques dedicated to structural analysis, detection or quantification of molecules based on dissociation of a precursor ion into fragments. Searching for the most informative fragmentation patterns has led to the development of a vast array of activation modes that offer complementary ion reactivity and dissociation pathways. Collisional activation of ions using atoms, molecules or surface resulting in unimolecular dissociation of activated ions still plays a key role in tandem mass spectrometry. The discovery of electron capture dissociation (ECD) and then the development of other electron-ion or ion/ion reaction methods, constituted a significant breakthrough, especially for structural analysis of large biomolecules. Similarly, photon activation opened promising new frontiers in ion fragmentation owing to the ability of tightly controlled internal energy deposition and easy implementation on commercial instruments. Ion activation by photons includes slow heating methods such as infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) and black-body infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD) and higher energy methods like ultra-violet photodissociation (UVPD) and electron photo detachment dissociation (EPD). EPD occurs after UV irradiation of multiply negatively charged ions resulting in the formation of oxidized radical anions. The present paper reviews the hypothesis regarding the mechanisms of electron photo-detachment, radical formation and direct or activated dissociation pathways that support the observation of odd and even electron product ions. Finally, the value of EPD as a complementary structural analysis tool is illustrated through selected examples of synthetic polymers, oligonucleotides, polypeptides, lipids, and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Antoine
- University of Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France; CNRS et Université Lyon 1, UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France
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17
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Huang Y, Pu Y, Yu X, Costello CE, Lin C. Mechanistic study on electron capture dissociation of the oligosaccharide-Mg²⁺ complex. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1451-60. [PMID: 24845360 PMCID: PMC4108535 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron capture dissociation (ECD) has shown great potential in structural characterization of glycans. However, our current understanding of the glycan ECD process is inadequate for accurate interpretation of the complex glycan ECD spectra. Here, we present the first comprehensive theoretical investigation on the ECD fragmentation behavior of metal-adducted glycans, using the cellobiose-Mg²⁺ complex as the model system. Molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to determine the typical glycan-Mg²⁺ binding patterns and the lowest-energy conformer identified was used as the initial geometry for density functional theory-based theoretical modeling. It was found that the electron is preferentially captured by Mg²⁺ and the resultant Mg⁺• can abstract a hydroxyl group from the glycan moiety to form a carbon radical. Subsequent radical migration and α-cleavage(s) result in the formation of a variety of product ions. The proposed hydroxyl abstraction mechanism correlates well with the major features in the ECD spectrum of the Mg²⁺-adducted cellohexaose. The mechanism presented here also predicts the presence of secondary, radical-induced fragmentation pathways. These secondary fragment ions could be misinterpreted, leading to erroneous structural determination. The present study highlights an urgent need for continuing investigation of the glycan ECD mechanism, which is imperative for successful development of bioinformatics tools that can take advantage of the rich structural information provided by ECD of metal-adducted glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Huang
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Yi Pu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xiang Yu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Cheng Lin
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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18
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Aponte JR, Vasicek L, Swaminathan J, Xu H, Koag MC, Lee S, Brodbelt JS. Streamlining bottom-up protein identification based on selective ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) of chromophore-tagged histidine- and tyrosine-containing peptides. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6237-44. [PMID: 24897623 DOI: 10.1021/ac403654m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a fast and highly efficient diazonium reaction that couples a nitroazobenzene chromophore to tyrosine and histidine residues, thus endowing peptides with high photoabsorption cross sections at 351 nm in the gas phase. Only the tagged peptides undergo ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) at 351 nm, as demonstrated for several Tyr- and His-containing peptides from protein digests. Additional selectivity is achieved by the integration of the UVPD-MS method with an in silico database search restricted to Tyr- and His-containing peptides. A modified MassMatrix algorithm condenses analysis by filtering the input database file to include Tyr/His-containing peptides only, thus reducing the search space and increasing confidence. In summary, derivatization of specific amino acid residues in conjunction with selective activation of the derivatized peptides provides a streamlined approach to shotgun proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Aponte
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Brodbelt JS. Photodissociation mass spectrometry: new tools for characterization of biological molecules. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2757-83. [PMID: 24481009 PMCID: PMC3966968 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60444f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation mass spectrometry combines the ability to activate and fragment ions using photons with the sensitive detection of the resulting product ions by mass spectrometry. This combination affords a versatile tool for characterization of biological molecules. The scope and breadth of photodissociation mass spectrometry have increased substantially over the past decade as new research groups have entered the field and developed a number of innovative applications that illustrate the ability of photodissociation to produce rich fragmentation patterns, to cleave bonds selectively, and to target specific molecules based on incorporation of chromophores. This review focuses on many of the key developments in photodissociation mass spectrometry over the past decade with a particular emphasis on its applications to biological molecules.
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20
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Alley WR, Mann BF, Novotny MV. High-sensitivity analytical approaches for the structural characterization of glycoproteins. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2668-732. [PMID: 23531120 PMCID: PMC3992972 DOI: 10.1021/cr3003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Milos V. Novotny
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- National Center for Glycomics and Glycoproteomics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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21
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Przybylski C, Bonnet V. Discrimination of cyclic and linear oligosaccharides by tandem mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation (CID), pulsed-Q-dissociation (PQD) and the higher-energy C-trap dissociation modes. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:75-87. [PMID: 23239319 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbohydrates have essential functions in living organisms and cells, but, due to the presence of numerous linkage combinations, substituent sites and possible conformations, they are the class of biomolecules which exhibits the huge structural diversity found in nature. Thereby, due to such diversity and poor ionization, their structural deciphering by mass spectrometry is still a very challenging task. METHODS Here, we studied a series of linear and cyclic neutral oligosaccharides using electrospray with collision-induced dissociation (CID), pulsed-Q-dissociation (PQD) and the higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD) feature of a linear ion trap Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap). The collision energy necessary to obtain 50% fragmentation (CE(50) values) in CID, PQD and HCD was used to correlate both size and structures. RESULTS The default settings for activation time and/or activation Q are the most appropriate, except for HCD, where 100 ms instead of 30 ms gave more intense fragment ions. PQD exhibits a 2-8-fold lower sensitivity than CID. HCD provides signals closer or slightly superior by 1.5-fold than PQD, and offers a more balanced ion distribution through the spectrum. Furthermore, HCD offers the possibility to make fine adjustments of the energy via the eV scale to further increase the yield of low-mass fragments. CONCLUSIONS The complementarity of CID, PQD and HCD was clearly demonstrated by obtaining structural information on hexa-, hepta- and octasaccharides. Together, these results clearly indicate the usefulness of the CID/HCD pair for further structural deciphering, and analysis of more complex structures such as multi-antennary carbohydrates or glycoconjuguates alone or in mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Przybylski
- Université d'Evry-Val-d'Essonne, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, CNRS UMR 8587, F-91025, Evry, France.
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22
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Pérot-Taillandier M, Zirah S, Enjalbert Q, Antoine R, Lemoine J, Dugourd P, Rebuffat S, Tabet JC, Afonso C. Prompt and Slow Electron-Detachment-Dissociation/Electron-Photodetachment-Dissociation of a 21-Mer Peptide. Chemistry 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Clemen M, Gernert C, Peters J, Grotemeyer J. Fragmentation reactions of labeled and untabeled Rhodamine B in a high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2013; 19:135-139. [PMID: 24261085 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation reactions of Rhodamine B have been investigated by the use of electrospray ionization mass spectra in a high mass resolving ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Using high resolution, it could be shown that the loss of 44 mass units from the molecular ion is due to propane; the measured masses were inconsistent with loss of carbon dioxide. These conclusions are supported using deuterium-labeled Rhodamine B. This sample again only shows the loss of fully-deuterated propane verifying the high-resolution data. These findings illustrate very clearly that the conclusions based solely on low resolution spectra were false. The general implication on fragmentations of aromatic acids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Clemen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Ko BJ, Brodbelt JS. Enhanced electron transfer dissociation of peptides modified at C-terminus with fixed charges. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1991-2000. [PMID: 22895859 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the conversion of carboxylates in peptides to basic or fixed charge sites on the outcome of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) is evaluated with respect to ETD efficiency and the number of diagnostic sequence ions. Four reagents, including benzylamine (BA), 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), carboxymethyl trimethylammonium chloride hydrazide (GT), and (2-aminoethyl)trimethylammonium chloride hydrochloride (AETMA), were used for the carboxylate derivatization, with the first two replacing the acidic carboxylate groups with basic functionalities and the latter two introducing fixed charge sites. The ETD efficiencies and Xcorr scores were compared for both nonderivatized and derivatized tryptic and Glu-C peptides from cytochrome c. Derivatization of the carboxylate increases the average charge states, the number of fragment ions, and the dissociation efficiencies of peptides, especially for the fixed charge reagent, AETMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Joon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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26
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Paul P, Suwan J, Liu J, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Recent advances in sulfotransferase enzyme activity assays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1491-500. [PMID: 22526635 PMCID: PMC3425364 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfotransferases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sulfo groups from a donor, for example 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, to an acceptor, for example the amino or hydroxyl groups of a small molecule, xenobiotic, carbohydrate, or peptide. These enzymes are important targets in the design of novel therapeutics for treatment of a variety of diseases. This review examines assays used for this important class of enzyme, paying particular attention to sulfotransferases acting on carbohydrates and peptides and the major challenges associated with their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jiraporn Suwan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and National Products, College of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Biotechnology Center, 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Biotechnology Center, 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Rumachik NG, McAlister GC, Russell JD, Bailey DJ, Wenger CD, Coon JJ. Characterizing peptide neutral losses induced by negative electron-transfer dissociation (NETD). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:718-27. [PMID: 22290482 PMCID: PMC3371390 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We implemented negative electron-transfer dissociation (NETD) on a hybrid ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer to conduct ion/ion reactions using peptide anions and radical reagent cations. In addition to sequence-informative ladders of a•- and x-type fragment ions, NETD generated intense neutral loss peaks corresponding to the entire or partial side-chain cleavage from amino acids constituting a given peptide. Thus, a critical step towards the characterization of this recently introduced fragmentation technique is a systematic study of synthetic peptides to identify common neutral losses and preferential fragmentation pathways. Examining 46 synthetic peptides with high mass accuracy and high resolution analysis permitted facile determination of the chemical composition of each neutral loss. We identified 19 unique neutral losses from 14 amino acids and three modified amino acids, and assessed the specificity and sensitivity of each neutral loss using a database of 1542 confidently identified peptides generated from NETD shotgun experiments employing high-pH separations and negative electrospray ionization. As residue-specific neutral losses indicate the presence of certain amino acids, we determined that many neutral losses have potential diagnostic utility. We envision this catalogue of neutral losses being incorporated into database search algorithms to improve peptide identification specificity and to further advance characterization of the acidic proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil G. Rumachik
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Jason D. Russell
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Derek J. Bailey
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Craig D. Wenger
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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28
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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29
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Enjalbert Q, Racaud A, Lemoine J, Redon S, Ayhan MM, Andraud C, Chambert S, Bretonnière Y, Loison C, Antoine R, Dugourd P. Optical Properties of a Visible Push–Pull Chromophore Covalently Bound to Carbohydrates: Solution and Gas-Phase Spectroscopy Combined to Theoretical Investigations. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:841-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2099015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Enjalbert
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, 43, Bld du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Ionique et Moléculaire, UMR5579, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, France
- Laboratoire de Sciences Analytiques, UMR5180, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Amandine Racaud
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, 43, Bld du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Ionique et Moléculaire, UMR5579, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, France
- Laboratoire de Sciences Analytiques, UMR5180, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Jérôme Lemoine
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, 43, Bld du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Sciences Analytiques, UMR5180, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Sébastien Redon
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, 43, Bld du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, INSA de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR5246, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mehmet Menaf Ayhan
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l’ENS Lyon, UMR5182, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l’ENS Lyon, UMR5182, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Chambert
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, 43, Bld du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, INSA de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, UMR5246, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yann Bretonnière
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l’ENS Lyon, UMR5182, CNRS, ENS Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Claire Loison
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, 43, Bld du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Ionique et Moléculaire, UMR5579, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Rodolphe Antoine
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, 43, Bld du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Ionique et Moléculaire, UMR5579, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Université de Lyon, F-69622, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, 43, Bld du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Ionique et Moléculaire, UMR5579, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, France
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Lee S, Valentine SJ, Reilly JP, Clemmer DE. Analyzing a Mixture of Disaccharides by IMS-VUVPD-MS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 309:161-167. [PMID: 22518093 PMCID: PMC3327510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Comparative analyses utilizing collision induced dissociation (CID) and vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation (VUVPD) for seven isobaric disaccharides have been performed in order to differentiate the linkage type and anomeric configuration of the isomers. Although an individual CID spectrum of a disaccharide ion provides information related to its structure, CID does not sufficiently differentiate mixture components due to the identical mass-to-charge values of most of the intense fragments. In contrast to the ambiguity of the CID analyses for the disaccharide mixture, VUVPD (157 nm) generates unique fragments for each disaccharide ion that are useful for distinguishing individual components from the mixture. When combined with a gas-phase ion mobility separation of the ions, the identification of each component from the mixture can be obtained.
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Zhou W, Håkansson K. Structural Characterization of Carbohydrates by Fourier Transform Tandem Mass Spectrometry. CURR PROTEOMICS 2011; 8:297-308. [PMID: 22389641 PMCID: PMC3289259 DOI: 10.2174/157016411798220826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides high mass accuracy, high sensitivity, and analytical versatility and has therefore emerged as an indispensable tool for structural elucidation of biomolecules. Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications, occurring in ~50% of proteins. However, due to the structural diversity of carbohydrates, arising from non-template driven biosynthesis, achievement of detailed structural insight is highly challenging. This review briefly discusses carbohydrate sample preparation and ionization methods, and highlights recent developments in alternative high-resolution MS/MS strategies, including infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD), electron capture dissociation (ECD), and electron detachment dissociation (EDD), for carbohydrates with a focus on glycans and proteoglycans from mammalian glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristina Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Enjalbert Q, Simon R, Salvador A, Antoine R, Redon S, Ayhan MM, Darbour F, Chambert S, Bretonnière Y, Dugourd P, Lemoine J. Photo-SRM: laser-induced dissociation improves detection selectivity of Selected Reaction Monitoring mode. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:3375-3381. [PMID: 22002689 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) carried out on triple-quadrupole mass spectrometers coupled to liquid chromatography has been a reference method to develop quantitative analysis of small molecules in biological or environmental matrices for years and is currently emerging as a promising tool in clinical proteomic. However, sensitive assays in complex matrices are often hampered by the presence of co-eluted compounds that share redundant transitions with the target species. On-the-fly better selection of the precursor ion by high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) or increased quadrupole resolution is one way to escape from interferences. In the present work we document the potential interest of substituting classical gas-collision activation mode by laser-induced dissociation in the visible wavelength range to improve the specificity of the fragmentation step. Optimization of the laser beam pathway across the different quadrupoles to ensure high photo-dissociation yield in Q2 without detectable fragmentation in Q1 was assessed with sucrose tagged with a push-pull chromophore. Next, the proof of concept that photo-SRM ensures more specific detection than does conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID)-based SRM was carried out with oxytocin peptide. Oxytocin was derivatized by the thiol-reactive QSY® 7 C(5)-maleimide quencher on cysteine residues to shift its absorption property into the visible range. Photo-SRM chromatograms of tagged oxytocin spiked in whole human plasma digest showed better detection specificity and sensitivity than CID, that resulted in extended calibration curve linearity. We anticipate that photo-SRM might significantly improve the limit of quantification of classical SRM-based assays targeting cysteine-containing peptides.
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Zhou W, Håkansson K. Electron detachment dissociation of fluorescently labeled sialylated oligosaccharides. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3526-35. [PMID: 22120881 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We explored the application of electron detachment dissociation (EDD) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) tandem mass spectrometry to fluorescently labeled sialylated oligosaccharides. Standard sialylated oligosaccharides and a sialylated N-linked glycan released from human transferrin were investigated. EDD yielded extensive glycosidic cleavages and cross-ring cleavages in all cases studied, consistently providing complementary structural information compared with infrared multiphoton dissociation. Neutral losses and satellite ions such as C-2H ions were also observed following EDD. In addition, we examined the influence of different fluorescent labels. The acidic label 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) enhanced signal abundance in negative-ion mode. However, few cross-ring fragments were observed for 2-AA-labeled oligosaccharides. The neutral label 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) resulted in more cross-ring cleavages compared with 2-AA-labeled species, but not as extensive fragmentation as for native oligosaccharides, likely resulting from altered negative charge locations from introduction of the fluorescent tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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Ko BJ, Brodbelt JS. 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation of Deprotonated Sialylated Oligosaccharides. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8192-200. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201751u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Joon Ko
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering, and ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Departments of †Chemical Engineering, and ‡Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
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Ko BJ, Brodbelt JS. Ultraviolet photodissociation of chromophore-labeled oligosaccharides via reductive amination and hydrazide conjugation. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2011; 46:359-366. [PMID: 21438085 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation patterns of hydrazide-conjugated and reductively aminated oligosaccharides, including lacto-N-fucopentaoses and lacto-N-difucohexaoses, produced on collisionally induced dissociation (CID) and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in a quadrupole ion trap are presented. The two derivatization methods generate different cross-ring cleavages on UVPD and CID. UVPD of hydrazide-conjugated oligosaccharides yield predominant (2, 4)A-type cross-ring cleavage ions. In contrast, UVPD of aminated oligosaccharides results mainly in (0, 1)A-type ions. Moreover, more extensive dual-cleavage pathways (i.e. internal fragment ions) were observed on UVPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Joon Ko
- Department Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Texas 78712, USA
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Brodbelt JS. Shedding light on the frontier of photodissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:197-206. [PMID: 21472579 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-010-0023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of new ion activation/dissociation methods is motivated by the need for more versatile ways to characterize structures of ions, especially in the growing arena of biological mass spectrometry in which better tools for determining sequences, modifications, interactions, and conformations of biopolymers are essential. Although most agree that collision-induced dissociation (CID) remains the gold standard for ion activation/dissociation, recent inroads in electron- and photon-based activation methods have cemented their role as outstanding alternatives. This article will focus on the impact of photodissociation, including its strengths and drawbacks as an analytical tool, and its potential for further development in the next decade. Moreover, the discussion will emphasize photodissociation in quadrupole ion traps, because that platform has been used for one of the greatest arrays of new applications over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Racaud A, Antoine R, Dugourd P, Lemoine J. Photoinduced dissociation of heparin-derived oligosaccharides controlled by charge location. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:2077-2084. [PMID: 20932774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of strategies based on mass spectrometry to help for deep structural analysis of acidic oligosaccharides remains topical. We thus examined the dissociation behavior of deprotonated ions of heparin-derived di- to tetra-saccharides under UV irradiation at 220 nm. Depending on the ionization state of the carboxylic groups, an oxidized species issued from electron photodetachment was observed in complement to photoinduced fragmentation of precursor ions. The influence of the charge location in the oligosaccharide dianions on the balance between photodissociation and electron photodetachment is examined and a way to direct the relaxation pathways, (i.e., dissociation versus electron detachment), is proposed using sodium adducts. The oxidized species was subjected to activated-electron photodetachment (activated-EPD) leading to complementary informative fragment ions to those issued from photodissociation. Directed photoinduced dissociation at 220 nm and activated-EPD should complement the more conventional CAD and IRMPD activation modes for deeper structural analysis of acidic oligosaccharides-derived anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Racaud
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, CNRS, UMR5579, LASIM, Villeurbanne, France
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Racaud A, Allouche A, Antoine R, Lemoine J, Dugourd P. UV electronic excitations in acidic sugars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Astier C, Chaleix V, Faugeron C, Ropartz D, Gloaguen V, Krausz P. Grafting of aminated oligogalacturonans onto Douglas fir barks. A new route for the enhancement of their lead (II) binding capacities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 182:279-285. [PMID: 20615613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modification of Douglas fir bark and its subsequent utilization in adsorption of PbII from aqueous solutions was investigated. A new approach to enhance the natural properties of bark by covalent grafting of oligogalacturonans was developed. The polysaccharidic moiety of barks was functionalized by periodate oxidation and derivatized after reductive amination in presence of aminated oligogalacturonic acid. PbII adsorption isotherms of derivatized barks were then determined and compared with the capabilities of crude barks using the Langmuir adsorption model in terms of affinity (b) and maximum binding capacities (q(max)). Derivatization resulted in significant enhancements of the q(max) values (up to x8), along with little change of the affinity parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Astier
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, EA1069, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, F-87060 Limoges, France
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Larraillet V, Antoine R, Dugourd P, Lemoine J. Activated-electron photodetachment dissociation for the structural characterization of protein polyanions. Anal Chem 2010; 81:8410-6. [PMID: 19775153 DOI: 10.1021/ac901304d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiply deprotonated anions [M - nH](n-) of large peptide mellitin, ubiquitin, and beta-casein proteins were subjected to laser irradiation at 260 nm in a quadrupole ion trap. For all compounds, the predominant event consecutive to laser irradiation was the detachment of an electron. The subsequent isolation and collisional activation of the oxidized [M - nH]((n-1)-*) resulted in extensive fragmentation of the peptide backbone. For mellitin peptide, nearly a complete series of c(*), z, and a(*), x product ions were observed. Applied to proteins, this technique, coined as activated-electron photodetachment dissociation (activated-EPD), achieved much more extensive sequence coverage than regular collision activated dissociation (CAD) on the even-electron components. Furthermore, the activated-EPD spectrum of beta-casein displayed phosphorylated fragment ions which suggest that the method is able to preserve part of the labile bonds of post-translational modifications. Activated-EPD is, therefore, a promising complementary technique to other dissociation techniques governed by radicals, i.e., electron capture dissociation (ECD), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), and electron detachment dissociation (EDD), for the structural characterization of large peptides and small proteins.
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Kim TY, Schwartz JC, Reilly JP. Development of a Linear Ion Trap/Orthogonal-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Time-Dependent Observation of Product Ions by Ultraviolet Photodissociation of Peptide Ions. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8809-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9013258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Thermo Electron, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134
| | - Jae C. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Thermo Electron, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134
| | - James P. Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, and Thermo Electron, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134
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Racaud A, Antoine R, Joly L, Mesplet N, Dugourd P, Lemoine J. Wavelength-tunable ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) of heparin-derived disaccharides in a linear ion trap. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1645-1651. [PMID: 19515575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A set of three heparin-derived disaccharide deprotonated ions was isolated in a linear ion trap and subjected to UV laser irradiation in the 220-290 nm wavelength range. The dissociation yields of the deprotonated molecular ions were recorded as a function of laser wavelength. They revealed maximum absorption at 220 nm for the nonsulfated disaccharide, but centered at 240 nm for the sulfated species. The comparison of the fragmentation patterns between ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) at 240 nm and CID modes showed roughly the same distribution of fragment ions resulting from glycosidic bond cleavages. Interestingly, UVPD favored additional cross ring cleavages of A and X type ion series enabling easier sulfate group location. It also reduced small neutral losses (H(2)O).
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Brodbelt JS, Wilson JJ. Infrared multiphoton dissociation in quadrupole ion traps. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:390-424. [PMID: 19294735 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of new ion activation techniques continues to be a dynamic area of scientific discovery, in part to complement the tremendous innovations in ionization methods that have allowed the mass spectrometric analysis of an enormous array of molecules. Ion activation/dissociation provides key information about ion structures, binding energies, and differentiation of isomers, as well as affording a primary means of identifying compounds in mixtures. Numerous new activation methods have emerged over the past two decades in an effort to develop alternatives to collisional activated dissociation, the gold standard for providing structurally diagnostic fragmentation patterns. Collisional activated dissociation does not always offer sufficiently high or controllable energy deposition, thus rendering it less useful for certain classes of molecules, such as large proteins or macromolecular complexes. Photodissociation is one of the most promising alternatives and is readily implemented in ion trapping and time-of-flight mass spectrometers. Photodissociation generally entails using a laser to irradiate ions with UV, visible, or IR photons, thus resulting in internal energy deposition based on the number and wavelengths of the photons. The activation process can be extremely rapid and efficient, as well as having the potential for high total energy deposition. This review describes infrared multiphoton dissociation in quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. A comparison of photodissociation and collisional activated dissociation is covered, in addition to some of the methods to increase photodissociation efficiency. Numerous applications of IRMPD are discussed as well, including ones related to the analysis of drugs, peptides, nucleic acids, and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Vasicek LA, Wilson JJ, Brodbelt JS. Improved infrared multiphoton dissociation of peptides through N-terminal phosphonite derivatization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:377-384. [PMID: 19027323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for improving the sequencing of peptides by infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer is described. We have developed an N-terminal derivatization reagent, 4-methylphosphonophenylisothiocyanate (PPITC), which allows the attachment of an IR-chromogenic phosphonite group to the N-terminus of peptides, thus enhancing their IRMPD efficiencies. After the facile derivatization process, the PPITC-modified peptides require shorter irradiation times for efficient IRMPD and yield extensive series of y ions, including those of low m/z that are not detected upon traditional CID. The resulting IRMPD mass spectra afford more complete sequence coverage for both model peptides and tryptic peptides from cytochrome c. We compare the effectiveness of this derivatization/IRMPD approach to that of a common N-terminal sulfonation reaction that utilizes 4-sulfophenylisothiocyanate (SPITC) in conjunction with CID and IRMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Vasicek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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