1
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Wootton CA, Maillard J, Theisen A, Brabeck GF, Schat CL, Rüger CP, Afonso C, Giusti P. A Gated TIMS FTICR MS Instrument to Decipher Isomeric Content of Complex Organic Mixtures. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11343-11352. [PMID: 38973712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Modern research faces increasingly complex materials with a constant need for new analytical strategies that can provide deeper levels of chemical insight. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (MS), particularly Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS, has provided a robust analytical foundation. However, MS alone offers limited structural information. Here, we present the first implementation and results from an FTICR MS with fully integrated dual accumulation analysis with gated trapped ion mobility spectrometry (gTIMS) capability. The drastically extended charge capacity and parallel accumulation facilitate the analysis of complex mixtures. We achieved a high dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude within a single FTICR acquisition event. Simultaneously, the valuable linear relationship between the TIMS elution voltage and reduced mobility was retained over a wide mobility range. Benchmarking the instrument performance with Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) by variable ramp gTIMS analysis allowed separation and unambiguous assignment of different charge state distributions. Application to bio-oils has proven the capability to distinguish the isomeric diversity in these ultracomplex samples, while maintaining the expected FTICR MS resolving power and mass accuracy. Valuable information about the molecular distribution, isomeric diversity, and main molecular differences could directly be extracted within the analysis time of a classical "dilute and shoot" direct infusion experiment. The development of this fully integrated and flexible gTIMS with FTICR MS analysis possesses the potential to significantly change the current landscape of high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of complex mixtures through the added insight of isomeric complexity afforded by TIMS. The exploration of the added IMS dimension promises transformative effects across diverse fields including energy transition, environmental studies, and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Maillard
- TotalEnergies One Tech, R&D, Downstream Processes & Polymers, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Alina Theisen
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. Kg, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christopher P Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TotalEnergies One Tech, R&D, Downstream Processes & Polymers, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, 76000 Rouen, France
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2
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Sakas J, Kitson E, Bell NGA, Uhrín D. MS and NMR Analysis of Isotopically Labeled Chloramination Disinfection Byproducts: Hyperlinks and Chemical Reactions. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8263-8272. [PMID: 38722573 PMCID: PMC11140672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
FT-ICR MS and NMR analysis of an isotopically labeled complex mixture of water disinfection byproducts formed by chloramine disinfection of model phenolic acids is described. A new molecular formula assignment procedure using the CoreMS Python library able to assign isotopically enriched formulas is proposed. Statistical analysis of the assigned formulas showed that the number of compounds, the diversity of the mixture, and the chlorine count increase during the chloramination reaction. The complex reaction mixture was investigated as a network of reactions using PageRank and Reverse PageRank algorithms. Independent of the MS signal intensities, the PageRank algorithm calculates the formulas with the highest probability at convergence of the reaction; these were chlorinated and nitrated derivatives of the starting materials. The Reverse PageRank revealed that the most probable chemical transformations in the complex mixture were chlorination and decarboxylation. These agree with the data obtained from INADEQUATE NMR spectra and literature data, indicating that this approach could be applied to gain insight into reactions pathways taking place in complex mixtures without any prior knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Sakas
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Ezra Kitson
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Nicholle G. A. Bell
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
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3
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Towle Z, Cruickshank F, Mackay CL, Clarke DJ, Horsfall LE. Utilising Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to track the oxidation of lignin by an alkaliphilic laccase. Analyst 2024; 149:2399-2411. [PMID: 38477231 PMCID: PMC11018093 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex heteroaromatic polymer which is one of the most abundant and diverse biopolymers on the planet. It comprises approximately one third of all woody plant matter, making it an attractive candidate as an alternative, renewable feedstock to petrochemicals to produce fine chemicals. However, the inherent complexity of lignin makes it difficult to analyse and characterise using common analytical techniques, proving a hindrance to the utilisation of lignin as a green chemical feedstock. Herein we outline the tracking of lignin degradation by an alkaliphilic laccase in a semi-quantitative manner using a combined chemical analysis approach using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to characterise shifts in chemical diversity and relative abundance of ions, and NMR to highlight changes in the structure of lignin. Specifically, an alkaliphilic laccase was used to degrade an industrially relevant lignin, with compounds such as syringaresinol being almost wholly removed (95%) after 24 hours of treatment. Structural analyses reinforced these findings, indicating a >50% loss of NMR signal relating to β-β linkages, of which syringaresinol is representative. Ultimately, this work underlines a combined analytical approach that can be used to gain a broader semi-quantitative understanding of the enzymatic activity of laccases within a complex, non-model mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak Towle
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Roger Land Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.
| | - Faye Cruickshank
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - C Logan Mackay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - David J Clarke
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Louise E Horsfall
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Roger Land Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK.
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4
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Cordova AC, Dodds JN, Tsai HHD, Lloyd DT, Roman-Hubers AT, Wright FA, Chiu WA, McDonald TJ, Zhu R, Newman G, Rusyn I. Application of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry for Compositional Characterization and Fingerprinting of a Library of Diverse Crude Oil Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2336-2349. [PMID: 37530422 PMCID: PMC10592202 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure characterization of crude oils, especially in time-sensitive circumstances such as spills and disasters, is a well-known analytical chemistry challenge. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is commonly used for "fingerprinting" and origin tracing in oil spills; however, this method is both time-consuming and lacks the resolving power to separate co-eluting compounds. Recent advances in methodologies to analyze petroleum substances using high-resolution analytical techniques have demonstrated both improved resolving power and higher throughput. One such method, ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS), is especially promising because it is both rapid and high-throughput, with the ability to discern among highly homologous hydrocarbon molecules. Previous applications of IMS-MS to crude oil analyses included a limited number of samples and did not provide detailed characterization of chemical constituents. We analyzed a diverse library of 195 crude oil samples using IMS-MS and applied a computational workflow to assign molecular formulas to individual features. The oils were from 12 groups based on geographical and geological origins: non-US (1 group), US onshore (3), and US Gulf of Mexico offshore (8). We hypothesized that information acquired through IMS-MS data would provide a more confident grouping and yield additional fingerprint information. Chemical composition data from IMS-MS was used for unsupervised hierarchical clustering, as well as machine learning-based supervised analysis to predict geographic and source rock categories for each sample; the latter also yielded several novel prospective biomarkers for fingerprinting of crude oils. We found that IMS-MS data have complementary advantages for fingerprinting and characterization of diverse crude oils and that proposed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers can be used for rapid exposure characterization. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2336-2349. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Cordova
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - James N. Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Han-Hsuan D. Tsai
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Dillon T. Lloyd
- Departments of Statistics, Biological Sciences, and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Alina T. Roman-Hubers
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Departments of Statistics, Biological Sciences, and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Thomas J. McDonald
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, United States
| | - Galen Newman
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, United States
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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5
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Gjelsvik EL, Fossen M, Brunsvik A, Liland KH, Tøndel K. Crude Oil Density Prediction Improved by Multiblock Analysis of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared, and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:1138-1152. [PMID: 37525885 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231184273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Crude oils are among the world's most complex organic mixtures containing a large number of unique components and many analytical techniques lack resolving power to characterize. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry offers a high mass accuracy, making a detailed analysis of crude oils possible. Infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR) and near-IR, can also be used for crude oil characterization. The three methods measure different properties of the samples, and different data sources can often be combined to improve the prediction accuracy of models. In this study, partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for each of the three methods (single-block PLSR) were compared to multiblock PLSR and sequential and orthogonalized PLSR (SO-PLSR), with the aim of predicting the density of crude oils. Variable importance in projection was used to identify the important variables for each method, as spectroscopic data often contain irrelevant variation. The variables were interpreted to evaluate their underlying chemistry and to check whether consistency could be found between the variables selected from the spectroscopic data for the single-block and multiblock methods. Combining the different blocks of data increased the prediction abilities of the models both before and after variable selection, and SO-PLSR using a reduced data set resulted in the best-performing prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise L Gjelsvik
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | | | | | - Kristian H Liland
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Kristin Tøndel
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
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6
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Kenney DH, Paffenroth RC, Timko MT, Teixeira AR. Dimensionally reduced machine learning model for predicting single component octanol-water partition coefficients. J Cheminform 2023; 15:9. [PMID: 36658606 PMCID: PMC9854055 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-022-00660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MF-LOGP, a new method for determining a single component octanol-water partition coefficients ([Formula: see text]) is presented which uses molecular formula as the only input. Octanol-water partition coefficients are useful in many applications, ranging from environmental fate and drug delivery. Currently, partition coefficients are either experimentally measured or predicted as a function of structural fragments, topological descriptors, or thermodynamic properties known or calculated from precise molecular structures. The MF-LOGP method presented here differs from classical methods as it does not require any structural information and uses molecular formula as the sole model input. MF-LOGP is therefore useful for situations in which the structure is unknown or where the use of a low dimensional, easily automatable, and computationally inexpensive calculations is required. MF-LOGP is a random forest algorithm that is trained and tested on 15,377 data points, using 10 features derived from the molecular formula to make [Formula: see text] predictions. Using an independent validation set of 2713 data points, MF-LOGP was found to have an average [Formula: see text] = 0.77 ± 0.007, [Formula: see text] = 0.52 ± 0.003, and [Formula: see text] = 0.83 ± 0.003. This performance fell within the spectrum of performances reported in the published literature for conventional higher dimensional models ([Formula: see text] = 0.42-1.54, [Formula: see text] = 0.09-1.07, and [Formula: see text] = 0.32-0.95). Compared with existing models, MF-LOGP requires a maximum of ten features and no structural information, thereby providing a practical and yet predictive tool. The development of MF-LOGP provides the groundwork for development of more physical prediction models leveraging big data analytical methods or complex multicomponent mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Kenney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Randy C Paffenroth
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Michael T Timko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Andrew R Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
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7
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Roman-Hubers AT, Cordova AC, Barrow MP, Rusyn I. Analytical chemistry solutions to hazard evaluation of petroleum refining products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 137:105310. [PMID: 36473579 PMCID: PMC9771979 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Products of petroleum refining are substances that are both complex and variable. These substances are produced and distributed in high volumes; therefore, they are heavily scrutinized in terms of their potential hazards and risks. Because of inherent compositional complexity and variability, unique challenges exist in terms of their registration and evaluation. Continued dialogue between the industry and the decision-makers has revolved around the most appropriate approach to fill data gaps and ensure safe use of these substances. One of the challenging topics has been the extent of chemical compositional characterization of products of petroleum refining that may be necessary for substance identification and hazard evaluation. There are several novel analytical methods that can be used for comprehensive characterization of petroleum substances and identification of most abundant constituents. However, translation of the advances in analytical chemistry to regulatory decision-making has not been as evident. Therefore, the goal of this review is to bridge the divide between the science of chemical characterization of petroleum and the needs and expectations of the decision-makers. Collectively, mutual appreciation of the regulatory guidance and the realities of what information these new methods can deliver should facilitate the path forward in ensuring safety of the products of petroleum refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina T Roman-Hubers
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra C Cordova
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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8
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Abou-Dib A, Aubriet F, Hertzog J, Vernex-Loset L, Schramm S, Carré V. Next Challenges for the Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Complex Organic Mixtures in the Field of Sustainable Energy. Molecules 2022; 27:8889. [PMID: 36558021 PMCID: PMC9786309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass by pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction gives access to a wide variety of molecules that can be used as fuel or as building blocks in the chemical industry. For such purposes, it is necessary to obtain their detailed chemical composition to adapt the conversion process, including the upgrading steps. Petroleomics has emerged as an integral approach to cover a missing link in the investigation bio-oils and linked products. It relies on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry to attempt to unravel the contribution of many compounds in complex samples by a non-targeted approach. The most recent developments in petroleomics partially alter the discriminating nature of the non-targeted analyses. However, a peak referring to one chemical formula possibly hides a forest of isomeric compounds, which may present a large chemical diversity concerning the nature of the chemical functions. This identification of chemical functions is essential in the context of the upgrading of bio-oils. The latest developments dedicated to this analytical challenge will be reviewed and discussed, particularly by integrating ion source features and incorporating new steps in the analytical workflow. The representativeness of the data obtained by the petroleomic approach is still an important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincent Carré
- LCP A2MC, Université de Lorraine, F-57000 Metz, France
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9
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Roman-Hubers AT, Aeppli C, Dodds JN, Baker ES, McFarlin KM, Letinski DJ, Zhao L, Mitchell DA, Parkerton TF, Prince RC, Nedwed T, Rusyn I. Temporal chemical composition changes in water below a crude oil slick irradiated with natural sunlight. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114360. [PMID: 36413931 PMCID: PMC9741762 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidation can alter the environmental fate and effects of spilled oil. To better understand this process, oil slicks were generated on seawater mesocosms and exposed to sunlight for 8 days. The molecular composition of seawater under irradiated and non-irradiated oil slicks was characterized using ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry and polyaromatic hydrocarbons analyses. Biomimetic extraction was performed to quantify neutral and ionized constituents. Results show that seawater underneath irradiated oil showed significantly higher amounts of hydrocarbons with oxygen- and sulfur-containing by-products peaking by day 4-6; however, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were similar. Biomimetic extraction indicated toxic units in irradiated mesocosms increased, mainly due to ionized components, but remained <1, suggesting limited potential for ecotoxicity. Because the experimental design mimicked important aspects of natural conditions (freshly collected seawater, natural sunlight, and relevant oil thickness and concentrations), this study improves our understanding of the effects of photooxidation during a marine oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Aeppli
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United States of America
| | - James N Dodds
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Erin S Baker
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Kelly M McFarlin
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Clinton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Letinski
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Clinton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhao
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX, United States of America
| | | | | | - Roger C Prince
- Stonybrook Apiary, Pittstown, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tim Nedwed
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX, United States of America
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.
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10
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Sun J, Wang Z, Yang C. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Development and Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36325979 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2139589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although as an analytical method with high specificity and high sensitivity, mass spectrometry (MS) has a wide range of applications in many fields, it still needs other technologies as the assist and supplement to enhance the scope and capability of analysis. Coupling with ion mobility (IM) can make an enhancement effect in the field of pharmaceutical analysis as a supplementary method. The two-dimensional mass technology improves the confidence of compounds annotations while increasing peak capacity, with the gradual deepening of theoretical research on IM-MS, it has shown unique advantages in the complex analysis conditions. IM-MS owns great potential for improving the depth, range, dimension of in-depth drug research. In this review, the principle, instruments and methods, applications, advantages and limitations of IM-MS are described. Here, we also elaborate on the prospects in structural evaluation, separation, and identification of complex compounds for the drug discovery and development phase and the great advantages of macromolecules and omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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11
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Using machine learning-based variable selection to identify hydrate related components from FT-ICR MS spectra. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273084. [PMID: 35976915 PMCID: PMC9385063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The blockages of pipelines caused by agglomeration of gas hydrates is a major flow assurance issue in the oil and gas industry. Some crude oils form gas hydrates that remain as transportable particles in a slurry. It is commonly believed that naturally occurring components in those crude oils alter the surface properties of gas hydrate particles when formed. The exact structure of the crude oil components responsible for this surface modification remains unknown. In this study, a successive accumulation and spiking of hydrate-active crude oil fractions was performed to increase the concentration of hydrate related compounds. Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was then utilised to analyse extracted oil samples for each spiking generation. Machine learning-based variable selection was used on the FT-ICR MS spectra to identify the components related to hydrate formation. Among six different methods, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was selected as the best performing model and the 23 most important variables were determined. The FT-ICR MS mass spectra for each spiking level was compared to samples extracted before the successive accumulation, to identify changes in the composition. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) exhibited differences between the oils and spiking levels, indicating an accumulation of hydrate active components. Molecular formulas, double bond equivalents (DBE) and hydrogen-carbon (H/C) ratios were determined for each of the selected variables and evaluated. Some variables were identified as possibly asphaltenes and naphthenic acids which could be related to the positive wetting index (WI) for the oils.
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12
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Xia Y, Sun X, Xinjie Zhao, Feng D, Wang X, Li Z, Ma C, Zhang H, Zhao C, Lin X, Lu X, Xu G. In-depth characterization of nitrogen heterocycles of petroleum by liquid chromatography-energy-resolved high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 249:123654. [PMID: 35696980 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the increased attention to processing heavy crude oils, a detailed description of chemical composition is critical for the petroleum refining industry. The current analytical technique such as ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry has been successfully applied for the molecular level characterization of complex petroleum fractions. But the structural characterization of heavy petroleum feedstock is still a great challenge. In this study, a novel in-depth characterization method of nitrogen heterocycles (N-heterocycles) in heavy petroleum mixtures was proposed by online liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high resolution energy-resolved mass spectrometry. A series of typical basic aromatic, neutral aromatic and naphtheno-aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic model compounds were synthesized to investigate energy-resolved fragmentation behaviors in high energy collision-induced dissociation at 10-100 eV. Energy-dependent fragmentation pathways were elucidated. Notably, characteristic double bond equivalent (DBE) versus carbon number distributions of N1 ions and all CH ions were discovered, which were closely related to their core structure. Then a workflow to assign core structures of alkyl-substituted N-heterocycles in petroleum was proposed and validated. The developed method was applied to investigate the structural isomers in feed and product vacuum gas oil (VGO) fractions. Core structural differences in feed VGO and subtle structural variations between feed and product VGOs were recognized. This work can distinguish structural isomers of N-heterocycles with the subtle difference in their core structure in heavy petroleum fractions based on global energy dimensional fragmentation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Disheng Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Zaifang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Chenfei Ma
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, CNPC, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
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13
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Roman-Hubers AT, Cordova AC, Rohde AM, Chiu WA, McDonald TJ, Wright FA, Dodds JN, Baker ES, Rusyn I. Characterization of Compositional Variability in Petroleum Substances. FUEL (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 317:123547. [PMID: 35250041 PMCID: PMC8896784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the process of registration of substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products or Biological Materials (UVCBs), information sufficient to enable substance identification must be provided. Substance identification for UVCBs formed through petroleum refining is particularly challenging due to their chemical complexity, as well as variability in refining process conditions and composition of the feedstocks. This study aimed to characterize compositional variability of petroleum UVCBs both within and across product categories. We utilized ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MS as a technique to evaluate detailed chemical composition of independent production cycle-derived samples of 6 petroleum products from 3 manufacturing categories (heavy aromatic, hydrotreated light paraffinic, and hydrotreated heavy paraffinic). Atmospheric pressure photoionization and drift tube IMS-MS were used to identify structurally related compounds and quantified between- and within-product variability. In addition, we determined both individual molecules and hydrocarbon blocks that were most variable in samples from different production cycles. We found that detailed chemical compositional data on petroleum UVCBs obtained from IMS-MS can provide the information necessary for hazard and risk characterization in terms of quantifying the variability of the products in a manufacturing category, as well as in subsequent production cycles of the same product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina T. Roman-Hubers
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Cordova
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arlean M. Rohde
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas J. McDonald
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - James N. Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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14
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Palacio Lozano DC, Jones HE, Gavard R, Thomas MJ, Ramírez CX, Wootton CA, Sarmiento Chaparro JA, O'Connor PB, Spencer SEF, Rossell D, Mejia-Ospino E, Witt M, Barrow MP. Revealing the Reactivity of Individual Chemical Entities in Complex Mixtures: the Chemistry Behind Bio-Oil Upgrading. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7536-7544. [PMID: 35576165 PMCID: PMC9161218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bio-oils are precursors
for biofuels but are highly corrosive necessitating
further upgrading. Furthermore, bio-oil samples are highly complex
and represent a broad range of chemistries. They are complex mixtures
not simply because of the large number of poly-oxygenated compounds
but because each composition can comprise many isomers with multiple
functional groups. The use of hyphenated ultrahigh-resolution mass
spectrometry affords the ability to separate isomeric species of complex
mixtures. Here, we present for the first time, the use of this powerful
analytical technique combined with chemical reactivity to gain greater
insights into the reactivity of the individual isomeric species of
bio-oils. A pyrolysis bio-oils and its esterified bio-oil were analyzed
using gas chromatography coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron
resonance mass spectrometry, and in-house software (KairosMS) was
used for fast comparison of the hyphenated data sets. The data revealed
a total of 10,368 isomers in the pyrolysis bio-oil and an increase
to 18,827 isomers after esterification conditions. Furthermore, the
comparison of the isomeric distribution before and after esterification
provide new light on the reactivities within these complex mixtures;
these reactivities would be expected to correspond with carboxylic
acid, aldehyde, and ketone functional groups. Using this approach,
it was possible to reveal the increased chemical complexity of bio-oils
after upgrading and target detection of valuable compounds within
the bio-oils. The combination of chemical reactions alongside with
in-depth molecular characterization opens a new window for the understanding
of the chemistry and reactivity of complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Molecular Analytical Science Centre of Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Remy Gavard
- Molecular Analytical Science Centre of Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Mary J Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Molecular Analytical Science Centre of Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Claudia X Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (LEAM), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 678, Colombia
| | | | | | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Simon E F Spencer
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - David Rossell
- Department of Economics & Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08005, Spain
| | - Enrique Mejia-Ospino
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (LEAM), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 678, Colombia.,Centro de Materiales y Nanociencias (CMN), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 678, Colombia
| | - Matthias Witt
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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15
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Aga K, Efa MT, Beyene TT. Effects of Sulfur Doping and Temperature on the Energy Bandgap of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Activities. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10796-10803. [PMID: 35382288 PMCID: PMC8973117 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs) are presently an area of intense scientific research, attributable to their wide variety of potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. MO-NPs such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and others have a very high surface-area-to-volume ratio and are excellent catalysts. MO-NPs could also cause unexpected effects in living cells because their sizes are similar to important biological molecules, or parts of them, or because they could pass through barriers that block the passage of larger particles. However, undoped MO-NPs like ZnO-NPs are chemically pure, have a higher optical bandgap energy, exhibit electron-hole recombination, lack visible light absorption, and have poor antibacterial activities. To overcome these drawbacks and further outspread the use of ZnO-NPs in nanomedicine, doping seems to represent a promising solution. In this paper, the effects of temperature and sulfur doping concentration on the bandgap energy of ZnO nanoparticles are investigated. Characterizations of the synthesized ZnO-NPs using zinc acetate dihydrate as a precursor by a sol-gel method were done by using X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A comparative study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles prepared at different temperatures and different concentrations of sulfur-doped ZnO nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Experimental results showed that the bandgap energy decreased from 3.34 to 3.27 eV and from 3.06 to 2.98 eV with increasing temperature and doping concentration. The antibacterial activity of doped ZnO nanoparticles was also tested and was found to be much better than that of bare ZnO nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenassa
Wakgari Aga
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, College of Technology, Mettu University, Mettu 251, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Tesema Efa
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Dambi Dollo University, Dambi Dollo, Jimma 251, Ethiopia
| | - Tamene Tadesse Beyene
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O.
Box 378, Jimma 251, Ethiopia
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16
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Wise SA, Rodgers RP, Reddy CM, Nelson RK, Kujawinski EB, Wade TL, Campiglia AD, Liu Z. Advances in Chemical Analysis of Oil Spills Since the Deepwater Horizon Disaster. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1638-1697. [PMID: 35254870 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2039093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Analytical techniques for chemical analysis of oil, oil photochemical and biological transformation products, and dispersants and their biodegradation products benefited significantly from research following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster. Crude oil and weathered-oil matrix reference materials were developed based on the Macondo well oil and characterized for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hopanes, and steranes for use to assure and improve the quality of analytical measurements in oil spill research. Advanced gas chromatography (GC) techniques such as comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC × GC), pyrolysis GC with mass spectrometry (MS), and GC with tandem MS (GC-MS/MS) provide a greater understanding at the molecular level of composition and complexity of oil and weathering changes. The capabilities of high-resolution MS (HRMS) were utilized to extend the analytical characterization window beyond conventional GC-based methods to include polar and high molecular mass components (>400 Da) and to provide new opportunities for discovery, characterization, and investigation of photooxidation and biotransformation products. Novel separation approaches to reduce the complexity of the oil and weathered oil prior to high-resolution MS and advanced fluorescence spectrometry have increased the information available on spilled oil and transformation products. HRMS methods were developed to achieve the required precision and sensitivity for detection of dispersants and to provide molecular-level characterization of the complex surfactants. Overall, research funding following the DWH oil spill significantly advanced and expanded the use of analytical techniques for chemical analysis to support petroleum and dispersant characterization and investigations of fate and effects of not only the DWH oil spill but future spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wise
- Scientist Emeritus, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ryan P Rodgers
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Kujawinski
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Terry L Wade
- Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Andres D Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, USA
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17
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Kim S, Kim D, Jung MJ, Kim S. Analysis of environmental organic matters by Ultrahigh-Resolution mass spectrometry-A review on the development of analytical methods. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:352-369. [PMID: 33491249 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing environmental and climate changes globally, there is an increasing interest in the molecular-level understanding of environmental organic compound mixtures, that is, the pursuit of complete and detailed knowledge of the chemical compositions and related chemical reactions. Environmental organic molecule mixtures, including those in air, soil, rivers, and oceans, have extremely complex and heterogeneous chemical compositions. For their analyses, ultrahigh-resolution and sub-ppb level mass accuracy, achievable using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), are important. FT-ICR MS has been successfully used to analyze complex environmental organic molecule mixtures such as natural, soil, particulate, and dissolved organic matter. Despite its success, many limitations still need to be overcome. Sample preparation, ionization, structural identification, chromatographic separation, and data interpretation are some key areas that have been the focus of numerous studies. This review describes key developments in analytical techniques in these areas to aid researchers seeking to start or continue investigations for the molecular-level understanding of environmental organic compound mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjune Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Korea
| | - Maeng-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, Korea
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18
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Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for Structural Elucidation of Petroleum Compounds. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Lu X, Weiner E, Smiley E, Widdowson M, Isaacman-VanWertz G. Detailed chemical characterization of the composition and variability of soil gas at remediated residential heating oil discharges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125372. [PMID: 33930950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Underground storage tanks containing petroleum or other hazardous substances are used widely for residential storage of home heating oil. Spills and leaks of fuel from these tanks are common, and resulting subsurface petroleum vapors may pose health risks. However, understanding of this risk is limited by a lack of observational data on the chemical composition of vapors from discharged fuel. We present here the composition of soil gas sampled at 66 remediated residential sites of underground heating oil discharges throughout Virginia using a newly developed data analysis technique that allows characterization of hydrocarbons by carbon number and degree of unsaturation. Measured concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons exceeded 100,000 μg/m3 at 12 sites, but its composition varied widely between sites. Concentrations of hydrocarbons from chemical classes differing by more than a few carbon numbers or degrees of unsaturation are found to be poorly correlated. Furthermore, differences in composition are poorly described by metrics expected to indicate subsurface weathering (e.g., discharge year, or ratio of n-heptadecane to pristane). These results suggest that the composition and magnitude of residual contamination at remediated subsurface discharges is driven by rarely documented spill characteristics (e.g., age and composition of source material, discharge rate, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105, United States
| | - Ellen Weiner
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105, United States
| | - Elizabeth Smiley
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105, United States
| | - Mark Widdowson
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0105, United States.
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20
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Guillemant J, Berlioz-Barbier A, de Oliveira LP, Lacoue-Nègre M, Joly JF, Duponchel L. Novel four-dimensional approach for the structural characterization of neutral nitrogen compounds in vacuum gas oils using UHPLC-IM-QqToF analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1169:338611. [PMID: 34088372 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular analysis of complex matrices such as vacuum gas oils require powerful instruments such as Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). As this technique does not allow the separation of two isomers, ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry (IMMS) can be used to target a structural detail. However, the resolving power of ion mobility is not sufficient to resolve isomers in such a complex mixture. In this paper, ion mobility-mass spectrometry coupled to separative methods such as Flash-HPLC and UHPLC has been used to characterize the neutral nitrogen compounds found in vacuum gas oils. One vacuum gas oil feedstock as well as different hydrotreated samples have been analyzed through a heart-cutted HPLC-UHPLC-IM-QqToF analysis to target specific compounds that have been found to be problematic within hydrotreatment context thanks to ESI(-)-FT-ICR MS analyses. The extraction of the macroscopic descriptors (mobility, full-width at half-maximum) allowed highlighting first trends about the samples. Then, the chromatographic peaks obtained for a given alkylation degree have been divided into several retention time segments and the corresponding mobilograms have been obtained. Bi-modal distributions have been obtained and the observed Collision Cross Sections and MS/MS spectra suggested the presence of compact and non-compact structures. The evolution of these structures has been followed throughout hydrotreatment to evaluate both the quantity and the reactivity of the groups of isomers. Moreover, this methodology helped giving clues whether the targeted compounds are refractory to the hydrotreatment process or reaction intermediates of the hydrotreatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Guillemant
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize - BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | | | - Luis P de Oliveira
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize - BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Marion Lacoue-Nègre
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize - BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Jean-François Joly
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize - BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - Laboratoire avancé de spectroscopie pour les interactions, la réactivité et l'environnement, 59000, Lille, France.
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21
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Olanrewaju CA, Ramirez CE, Fernandez-Lima F. Comprehensive Screening of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Similar Compounds Using GC-APLI-TIMS-TOFMS/GC-EI-MS. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6080-6087. [PMID: 33835784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel workflow based on complementary gas-phase separations for the identification of isomeric PAHs from complex mixtures is described. This is the first report on the coupling of gas chromatography (GC), atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI), and trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) for the characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Over a hundred known unknowns are uniquely identified based on the molecular ion retention indices I (5%), mobility (RSD < 0.6% and R = 50-90 with Sr = 0.18 V/ms), mobility-based theoretical candidate assignment (<3%), accurate mass chemical formula assignment (<2 ppm), and electron impact fragmentation pattern and database search. The advantages of theoretical modeling of PAHs and similar compounds were evaluated using candidate structures ranked by retention indices and fragmentation pattern from GC-EI-MS data sets. Over 20 PAH isomeric and deuterated standards were utilized for the GC-APLI-TIMS-TOF MS workflow validation. Noteworthy is the analytical capability for untargeted screening of isomeric and isobaric compounds with additional characterization metrics not available in traditional GC-EI-MSn workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement A Olanrewaju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Cesar E Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States.,Advanced Mass Spectrometry Facility, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States.,Advanced Mass Spectrometry Facility, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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22
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Roman-Hubers AT, McDonald TJ, Baker ES, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. A Comparative Analysis of Analytical Techniques for Rapid Oil Spill Identification. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1034-1049. [PMID: 33315271 PMCID: PMC8104454 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The complex chemical composition of crude oils presents many challenges for rapid chemical characterization in the case of a spill. A number of approaches are currently used to "fingerprint" petroleum-derived samples. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most common, albeit not very rapid, technique; however, with GC-MS alone, it is difficult to resolve the complex substances in crude oils. The present study examined the potential application of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) coupled with chem-informatic analyses as an alternative high-throughput method for the chemical characterization of crude oils. We analyzed 19 crude oil samples from on- and offshore locations in the Gulf of Mexico region in the United States using both GC-MS (biomarkers, gasoline range hydrocarbons, and n-alkanes) and IMS-MS (untargeted analysis). Hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, and nearest neighbor-based classification were used to examine sample similarity and geographical groupings. We found that direct-injection IMS-MS performed either equally or better than GC-MS in the classification of the origins of crude oils. In addition, IMS-MS greatly increased the sample analysis throughput (minutes vs hours per sample). Finally, a tabletop science-to-practice exercise, utilizing both the GC-MS and IMS-MS data, was conducted with emergency response experts from regulatory agencies and the oil industry. This activity showed that the stakeholders found the IMS-MS data to be highly informative for rapid chemical fingerprinting of complex substances in general and specifically advantageous for accurate and confident source-grouping of crude oils. Collectively, the present study shows the utility of IMS-MS as a technique for rapid fingerprinting of complex samples and demonstrates its advantages over traditional GC-MS-based analyses when used for decision-making in emergency situations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1034-1049. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina T. Roman-Hubers
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J. McDonald
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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23
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Bader CD, Haack PA, Panter F, Krug D, Müller R. Expanding the Scope of Detectable Microbial Natural Products by Complementary Analytical Methods and Cultivation Systems. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:268-277. [PMID: 33449690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome sequencing have unveiled a large discrepancy between the genome-encoded capacity of microorganisms to produce secondary metabolites and the number detected. In this work, a two-platform mass spectrometry analysis for the comprehensive secondary metabolomics characterization of nine myxobacterial strains, focusing on extending the range of detectable secondary metabolites by diversifying analytical methods and cultivation conditions, is presented. Direct infusion measurements of crude extracts on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer are compared to a time-of-flight device coupled to liquid chromatography measurements. Both methods are successful in detecting known metabolites, whereas statistical analysis of unknowns highlights their complementarity: Strikingly, 82-99% of molecular features detected with one setup were not detectable with the other. Metabolite profile differences from our set of strains grown in liquid culture versus their swarming colonies on agar plates were evaluated. The detection of up to 96% more molecular features when both liquid and plate cultures were analyzed translates into increased chances to identify new secondary metabolites. Discrimination between primary and secondary metabolism in combination with GNPS molecular networking revealed strain Mx3 as particularly promising for the isolation of novel secondary metabolites among the nine strains investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal D Bader
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Patrick A Haack
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian Panter
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Krug
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, Partnersite Hannover-Braunschweig), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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24
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Maillard JF, Le Maître J, Rüger CP, Ridgeway M, Thompson CJ, Paupy B, Hubert-Roux M, Park M, Afonso C, Giusti P. Structural analysis of petroporphyrins from asphaltene by trapped ion mobility coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:4161-4171. [PMID: 34047731 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of compounds present in highly complex mixtures such as petroleum is proving to be one of the main analytical challenges. Heavy fractions, such as asphaltenes, exhibit immense molecular and isomeric complexity. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) with its unequalled resolving power, mass accuracy and dynamic range can address the isobaric complexity. Nevertheless, isomers remain largely inaccessible. Therefore, another dimension of separation is required. Recently, ion mobility mass spectrometry has revealed great potential for isomer description. In this study, the combination of trapped ion mobility and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (TIMS-FTICR) is used to obtain information on the structural features and isomeric diversity of vanadium petroporphyrins present in heavy petroleum fractions. The ion mobility spectra provided information on the isomeric diversity of the different classes of porphyrins. The determination of the collision cross section (CCS) from the peak apex allows us to hypothesize about the structural aspects of the petroleum molecules. In addition, the ion mobility signal full width at half maximum (FWHM) was used as a measure for isomeric diversity. Finally, theoretical CCS determinations were conducted first on core structures and then on alkylated petroporphyrins taking advantage of the linear correlation between the CCS and the alkylation level. This allowed the proposal of putative structures in agreement with the experimental results. The authors believe that the presented workflow will be useful for the structural prediction of real unknowns in highly complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien F Maillard
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Johann Le Maître
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Benoit Paupy
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | | | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen-Normandie, CNRS, IRCOF, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France. and TOTAL Refining & Chemicals, Total Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France and International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
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25
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Leyva D, Jaffe R, Fernandez-Lima F. Structural Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter at the Chemical Formula Level Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS/MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11960-11966. [PMID: 32786462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TIMS-FT-ICR MS is an important alternative to study the isomeric diversity and elemental composition of complex mixtures. While the chemical structure of many compounds in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) remains largely unknown, the high structural diversity has been described at the molecular level using chemical formulas. In this study, we further push the boundaries of TIMS-FT-ICR MS by performing chemical formula-based ion mobility and tandem MS analysis for the structural characterization of DOM. The workflow described is capable to mobility select (R ∼ 100) and isolate molecular ion signals (Δm/z = 0.036) in the ICR cell, using single-shot ejections after broadband ejections and MS/MS based on sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID). The workflow results are compared to alternative TIMS-q-FT-ICR MS/MS experiments with quadrupole isolation at nominal mass (∼1 Da). The technology is demonstrated with isomeric and isobaric mixtures (e.g., 4-methoxy-1-naphthoic acid, 2-methoxy-1-naphthoic acid, decanedioic acid) and applied to the characterization of DOM. The application of this new methodology to the analysis of a DOM is illustrated by the isolation of the molecular ion [C18H18O10-H]- in the presence of other isobars at nominal mass 393. Five IMS bands were assigned to the heterogeneous ion mobility profile of [C18H18O10-H]-, and candidate structures from the PubChem database were screened based on their ion mobility and the MS/MS matching score. This approach overcomes traditional challenges associated with the similarity of fragmentation patterns of DOM samples (e.g., common neutral losses of H2O, CO2, and CH2-H2O) by narrowing down the isomeric candidate structures using the mobility domain.
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26
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Isaacman-VanWertz G, Lu X, Weiner E, Smiley E, Widdowson M. Characterization of Hydrocarbon Groups in Complex Mixtures Using Gas Chromatography with Unit-Mass Resolution Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12481-12488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0105, United States
| | - Xin Lu
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0105, United States
| | - Ellen Weiner
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0105, United States
| | - Elizabeth Smiley
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0105, United States
| | - Mark Widdowson
- The Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0105, United States
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Li F, Qian F, Fan C, Mahalec V. Hinging Hyperplanes Crude Oil Mixing Model for Production Planning Optimization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fupei Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Vladimir Mahalec
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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28
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Abutokaikah MT, Gnawali GR, Frye JW, Stump CM, Tschampel J, Murphy MJ, Lachance ES, Guan S, Spilling CD, Bythell BJ. Leaving Group Effects in a Series of Electrosprayed C cH hN 1 Anthracene Derivatives. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2306-2317. [PMID: 31399941 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the gas-phase structures and fragmentation pathways of model compounds of anthracene derivatives of the general formula CcHhN1 utilizing tandem mass spectrometry and computational methods. We vary the substituent alkyl chain length, composition, and degree of branching. We find substantial experimental and theoretical differences between the linear and branched congeners in terms of fragmentation thresholds, available pathways, and distribution of products. Our calculations predict that the linear substituents initially isomerize to form lower energy branched isomers prior to loss of the alkyl substituents as alkenes. The rate-determining chemistry underlying these related processes is dominated by the ability to stabilize the alkene loss transition structures. This task is more effectively undertaken by branched substituents. Consequently, analyte lability systematically increased with degree of branching (linear < secondary < tertiary). The resulting anthracen-9-ylmethaniminium ion generated from these alkene loss reactions undergoes rate-limiting proton transfer to enable expulsion of either hydrogen cyanide or CNH. The combination of the differences in primary fragmentation thresholds and degree of radical-based fragmentation processes provide a potential means of distinguishing compounds that contain branched alkyl chain substituents from those with linear ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha T Abutokaikah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Giri R Gnawali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Joseph W Frye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Curtis M Stump
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - John Tschampel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Matthew J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Eli S Lachance
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Shanshan Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Christopher D Spilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bythell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
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Cho E, Riches E, Palmer M, Giles K, Ujma J, Kim S. Isolation of Crude Oil Peaks Differing by m/z ∼0.1 via Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using a Cyclic Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14268-14274. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eleanor Riches
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Palmer
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Giles
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jakub Ujma
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, United Kingdom
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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30
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Bell M, Blais JM. "-Omics" workflow for paleolimnological and geological archives: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:438-455. [PMID: 30965259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
"-Omics" is a powerful screening method with applications in molecular biology, toxicology, wildlife biology, natural product discovery, and many other fields. Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics are common examples included under the "-omics" umbrella. This screening method uses combinations of untargeted, semi-targeted, and targeted analyses paired with data mining to facilitate researchers' understanding of the genome, proteins, and small organic molecules in biological systems. Recently, however, the use of "-omics" has expanded into the fields of geology, specifically petrology, and paleolimnology. Specifically, untargeted analyses stand to transform these fields as petroleomics, and sediment-"omics" become more prevalent. "-Omics" facilitates the visualization of small molecule profiles from environmental matrices (i.e. oil and sediment). Small molecule profiles can provide improved understanding of small molecules distributions throughout the environment, and how those compositions can change depending on conditions (i.e. climate change, weathering, etc.). "-Omics" also facilities discovery of next-generation biomarkers that can be used for oil source identification and as proxies for reconstructing past environmental changes. Untargeted analyses paired with data mining and multivariate statistical analyses represents a powerful suite of tools for hypothesis generation, and new method development for environmental reconstructions. Here we present an introduction to "-omics" methodology, technical terms, and examples of applications to paleolimnology and petrology. The purpose of this review is to highlight the important considerations at each step in the "-omics" workflow to produce high quality and statistically powerful data for petrological and paleolimnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Bell
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxicants, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jules M Blais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Environmental Toxicants, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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31
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Kaszycki JL, La Rotta A, Colsch B, Fenaille F, Dauly C, Kamleh A, Wu C. Separation of biologically relevant isomers on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer using high-resolution drift tube ion mobility and varied drift gas mixtures. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33 Suppl 2:3-10. [PMID: 30772932 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atmospheric pressure drift tube ion mobility is a powerful addition to the Orbitrap mass spectrometer enabling direct separation of isomers. Apart from offering high resolving power in a compact design, it also facilitates optimization of the separation gas, as shown here for a series of biologically relevant isomer pairs. METHODS An Excellims MA3100 High-Resolution Atmospheric Pressure Ion Mobility Spectrometer (HR-IMS) was coupled to a Thermo Scientific™ Q Exactive™ Focus hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer, using an Excellims Directspray™ Electrospray Ionization source and a gas mixture setup to provide various drift gases (air, CO2 and mixtures). This instrument combination was used to separate isomers of eight pairs of metabolites and gangliosides, optimizing drift gas conditions for best separation of each set. RESULTS All but one of the isomers pairs provided could be partially or fully separated by the HR-IMS-MS combination using ion mobility drift times. About half of the separated compounds showed significantly better analytical separation when analyzed in a mixture of CO2 and air rather than air or CO2 alone. Resolving power of up to 102 was achieved using the 10 cm atmospheric drift tube ion mobility add-on for the Orbitrap mass spectrometer. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis demonstrates the usefulness of using atmospheric drift tube IMS on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer to characterize the isomeric composition of samples. It also highlights the potential benefits of being able to quickly optimize the drift gas composition to selectively maximize the mobility difference for isomer separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benoit Colsch
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Ching Wu
- Excellims Corporation, Acton, MA, USA
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Gao Y, Wang W, He C, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Shi Q. Fractionation and molecular characterization of natural organic matter (NOM) by solid-phase extraction followed by FT-ICR MS and ion mobility MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6343-6352. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lim D, Park Y, Chang R, Ahmed A, Kim S. Application of molecular dynamics simulation to improve the theoretical prediction for collisional cross section of aromatic compounds with long alkyl chains in crude oils. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:650-656. [PMID: 30710409 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with finite temperature were performed to improve the theoretical prediction of collisional cross section (CCS) values, especially for aromatic compounds containing long alkyl chains. METHODS In this study, the CCS values of 11 aromatic compounds with long alkyl chains were calculated by MD simulations while considering internal energy at 300, 500, and 700 K, and the results were compared with experimentally determined values. RESULTS The CCS values calculated at higher energies showed better agreement with the experimental values. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as pentacene and benz[b]anthracene were also investigated, and better agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was observed when higher temperature (or higher internal energy) was considered. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in this study show that the internal degrees of freedom of ions must be considered to accurately predict the CCS values of aromatic compounds with a flexible structure measured by ion mobility mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwan Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakwoo Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green Nano Center, Department of Chemistry, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Leyva D, Tose LV, Porter J, Wolff J, Jaffé R, Fernandez-Lima F. Understanding the structural complexity of dissolved organic matter: isomeric diversity. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:431-440. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the advantages of ESI-TIMS-FT-ICR MS to address the isomeric content of dissolved organic matter are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennys Leyva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
- Southeast Environmental Research Center
| | - Lilian V. Tose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Jacob Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | | | - Rudolf Jaffé
- Southeast Environmental Research Center
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute
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Van Geem K. Kinetic modeling of the pyrolysis chemistry of fossil and alternative feedstocks. COMPUTER AIDED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64087-1.00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Le Maître J, Hubert-Roux M, Paupy B, Marceau S, Rüger CP, Afonso C, Giusti P. Structural analysis of heavy oil fractions after hydrodenitrogenation by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry. Faraday Discuss 2019; 218:417-430. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize compounds that are refractory to the hydrodenitrogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Le Maître
- Normandie Université
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038
- Université de Rouen
- INSA de Rouen
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Université
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038
- Université de Rouen
- INSA de Rouen
| | - Benoît Paupy
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals
- Total Research & Technology Gonfreville
- 76700 Harfleur
- France
- International Joint Laboratory – iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization
| | - Sabrina Marceau
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals
- Total Research & Technology Gonfreville
- 76700 Harfleur
- France
- International Joint Laboratory – iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization
| | | | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université
- COBRA
- UMR 6014 et FR 3038
- Université de Rouen
- INSA de Rouen
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TOTAL Refining & Chemicals
- Total Research & Technology Gonfreville
- 76700 Harfleur
- France
- International Joint Laboratory – iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization
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Vetere A, Alachraf MW, Panda SK, Andersson JT, Schrader W. Studying the fragmentation mechanism of selected components present in crude oil by collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:2141-2151. [PMID: 30198194 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Structural characterization of individual compounds in very complex mixtures is difficult to achieve. One important step in structural elucidation is understanding the mass spectrometric fragmentation mechanisms of the compounds present in such mixtures. Here, different individual compounds presumed to be present in a complex crude oil mixture have been synthesized and structurally characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) studies. METHODS Model compounds with different aromatic cores and various substitutents were synthesized. Major effort has been put into producing isomerically pure compounds to better understand the fragmentation pattern. Each synthesized compound has been subjected to MSn studies using either a triple quadrupole or a linear ion trap mass spectrometer with electrospray or atmospheric pressure photoionization. The results are used to analyze individual compounds from a complex vacuum gas oil (VGO). RESULTS The synthesized compounds and a chromatographically simplified vacuum gas oil were used for structural analysis. The major fragmentation mechanism is the benzylic cleavage of the aliphatic side chain. Each side chain can be separately removed from the aromatic core by using MSn methods. At the end of a series of fragmentations, the base aromatic core structure remains and can be chararcterized. CONCLUSIONS By defining the fragmentation mechanism in complex oil samples it was possible to structurally characterize individual compounds present in a chromatographically simplified VGO. The compounds consist of an aromatic core with aliphatic side chains. Cleavage of all side chains can be achieved by MSn measurements, allowing characterization of the remaining core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vetere
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - M Wasim Alachraf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Saroj K Panda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jan T Andersson
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schrader
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Lim D, Davidson KL, Son S, Ahmed A, Bush MF, Kim S. Determining Collision Cross‐Sections of Aromatic Compounds in Crude Oil by Using Aromatic Compound Mixture as Calibration Standard. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwan Lim
- Department of ChemistryKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seungwoo Son
- Department of ChemistryKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Ahmed
- Department of ChemistryKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Washington Seattle WA, 98195‐1700 USA
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of ChemistryKyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
- Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
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Niyonsaba E, Manheim JM, Yerabolu R, Kenttämaa HI. Recent Advances in Petroleum Analysis by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:156-177. [PMID: 30428670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Niyonsaba
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Manheim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ravikiran Yerabolu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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40
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Yassine MM, Dabek-Zlotorzynska E. Investigation of isomeric structures in a commercial mixture of naphthenic acids using ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid traveling wave ion mobility-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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41
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Tose LV, Benigni P, Leyva D, Sundberg A, Ramírez CE, Ridgeway ME, Park MA, Romão W, Jaffé R, Fernandez-Lima F. Coupling trapped ion mobility spectrometry to mass spectrometry: trapped ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry versus trapped ion mobility spectrometry-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1287-1295. [PMID: 29756663 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is a need for fast, post-ionization separation during the analysis of complex mixtures. In this study, we evaluate the use of a high-resolution mobility analyzer with high-resolution and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for unsupervised molecular feature detection. Goals include the study of the reproducibility of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) across platforms, applicability range, and potential challenges during routine analysis. METHODS A TIMS analyzer was coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) instruments for the analysis of singly charged species in the m/z 150-800 range of a complex mixture (Suwannee River Fulvic Acid Standard). Molecular features were detected using an unsupervised algorithm based on chemical formula and IMS profiles. RESULTS TIMS-TOF MS and TIMS-FT-ICR MS analysis provided 4950 and 7760 m/z signals, 1430 and 3050 formulas using the general Cx Hy N0-3 O0-19 S0-1 composition, and 7600 and 22 350 [m/z; chemical formula; K; CCS] features, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TIMS coupled to TOF MS and FT-ICR MS showed similar performance and high reproducibility. For the analysis of complex mixtures, both platforms were able to capture the major trends and characteristics; however, as the chemical complexity at the level of nominal mass increases with m/z (m/z >300-350), only TIMS-FT-ICR MS was able to report the lower abundance compositional trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian V Tose
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Petroleomic and Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Paolo Benigni
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Dennys Leyva
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Abigail Sundberg
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - César E Ramírez
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | | | | | - Wanderson Romão
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Petroleomic and Forensic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espírito Santo, 29106-010, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Rudolf Jaffé
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Florida International University, Southeast Environmental Research Center, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Florida International University, Southeast Environmental Research Center, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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42
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Parulkar A, Thompson JA, Hurt M, Zhan BZ, Brunelli NA. Improving Hydrodenitrogenation Catalyst Performance through Analyzing Hydrotreated Vacuum Gas Oil Using Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aamena Parulkar
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Joshua A. Thompson
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94801, United States
| | - Matt Hurt
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94801, United States
| | - Bi-Zeng Zhan
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, California 94801, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Brunelli
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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43
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Transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds in atmospheric residue by hydrotreating. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Pettit ME, Brantley MR, Donnarumma F, Murray KK, Solouki T. Broadband ion mobility deconvolution for rapid analysis of complex mixtures. Analyst 2018; 143:2574-2586. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Broadband IM-MS deconvolution allows generation of IM and MS data for species that are UPLC-IM-MS unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Touradj Solouki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Baylor University
- Waco
- USA
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45
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Al-Sabahi J, Bora T, Al-Abri M, Dutta J. Efficient visible light photocatalysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in aqueous solutions using supported zinc oxide nanorods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189276. [PMID: 29261711 PMCID: PMC5738043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are some of the common environmental pollutants originating mainly from oil and gas industries, which are toxic to human as well as other living organisms in the ecosystem. Here we investigate photocatalytic degradation of BTEX under visible light irradiation using supported zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown on glass substrates using a microwave assisted hydrothermal method. ZnO nanorods were characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area, UV/visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Visible light photocatalytic degradation products of BTEX are studied for individual components using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). ZnO nanorods with significant amount of electronic defect states, due to the fast crystallization of the nanorods under microwave irradiation, exhibited efficient degradation of BTEX under visible light, degrading more than 80% of the individual BTEX components in 180 minutes. Effect of initial concentration of BTEX as individual components is also probed and the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO nanorods in different conditions is explored. Formation of intermediate byproducts such as phenol, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were confirmed by our HPLC analysis which could be due to the photocatalytic degradation of BTEX. Carbon dioxide was evaluated and showed an increasing pattern over time indicating the mineralization process confirming the conversion of toxic organic compounds into benign products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Al-Sabahi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
- Chair in Nanotechnology for Water Desalination, Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Tanujjal Bora
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Mohammed Al-Abri
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
- Chair in Nanotechnology for Water Desalination, Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
- * E-mail: (MA); (JD)
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Functional Materials, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MA); (JD)
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46
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Farenc M, Paupy B, Marceau S, Riches E, Afonso C, Giusti P. Effective Ion Mobility Peak Width as a New Isomeric Descriptor for the Untargeted Analysis of Complex Mixtures Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2476-2482. [PMID: 28721674 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility coupled with mass spectrometry was proven to be an efficient way to characterize complex mixtures such as petroleum samples. However, the identification of isomeric species is difficult owing to the molecular complexity of petroleum and no availability of standard molecules. This paper proposes a new simple indicator to estimate the isomeric content of highly complex mixtures. This indicator is based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the extracted ion mobility peak measured in millisecond or square angstrom that is corrected for instrumental factors such as ion diffusion. This value can be easily obtained without precisely identifying the number of isomeric species under the ion mobility peaks. Considering the Boduszynski model, the ion mobility profile for a particular elemental composition is expected to be a continuum of various isomeric species. The drift time-dependent fragmentation profile was studied and confirmed this hypothesis, a continuous evolution of the fragmentation profile showing that the larger alkyl chain species were detected at higher drift time values. This new indicator was proven to be a fast and efficient method to compare vacuum gas oils for which no difference was found using other analytical techniques. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Farenc
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, TRTG Gonfreville l'Orcher, Rogerville, France
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
- TOTAL RC - CNRS Joint Laboratory C2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Pau, France
| | - Benoit Paupy
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, TRTG Gonfreville l'Orcher, Rogerville, France
- TOTAL RC - CNRS Joint Laboratory C2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Pau, France
| | - Sabrina Marceau
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, TRTG Gonfreville l'Orcher, Rogerville, France
- TOTAL RC - CNRS Joint Laboratory C2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Pau, France
| | - Eleanor Riches
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Ave., Altrincham Rd, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France.
- TOTAL RC - CNRS Joint Laboratory C2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Pau, France.
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, TRTG Gonfreville l'Orcher, Rogerville, France
- TOTAL RC - CNRS Joint Laboratory C2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Pau, France
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Cao X, Tarr MA. Aldehyde and Ketone Photoproducts from Solar-Irradiated Crude Oil-Seawater Systems Determined by Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11858-11866. [PMID: 28903555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde and ketone photoproducts were observed in the aqueous phase under oil exposed to simulated sunlight by using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Oil samples were spread over seawater in a jacketed beaker held at 27.0 °C and exposed to simulated sunlight. The aqueous phase was collected after irradiation and derivatized with DNPH, which selectively reacts with aldehydes and ketones. The derivatized hydrazones (aldehyde- and ketone-DNPH derivatives) were washed and enriched with a solid-phase extraction cartridge prior to analysis by ESI-MS/MS in negative ion mode. Over 80 aldehyde and ketone photoproducts were observed from scan range 200-1000 atomic mass units (amu) in the aqueous phase after irradiation but were absent in dark controls. Based on the MS/MS fragmentation of the aldehyde- and ketone-DNPH derivatives, most of the aldehyde and ketone photoproduct mass spectra observed from the aqueous phase were determined to be consistent with dicarbonyls, hydroxycarbonyls, and oxo-carboxylic acids. The formation of the photoproducts can be attributed to photoinduced oxidation of oil. The approach in this study allows the easy identification of molar mass and other structural features of aldehyde and ketone photoproducts without interference from the many tens of thousands of parent compounds in the oil. These results will provide insight into the impact of photochemistry on the fate of oil in environmental systems and will have implications for oil-spill response decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans , 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
| | - Matthew A Tarr
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans , 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148, United States
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Jones CM, Pelletier MT, Atkinson R, Shen J, Moore J, Anders J, Perkins DL, Myrick ML. A small-volume PVTX system for broadband spectroscopic calibration of downhole optical sensors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:073101. [PMID: 28764514 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An instrument is presented that is capable of measuring the optical spectrum (long-wave ultraviolet through short-wave mid-infrared) of fluids under a range of temperature and pressure conditions from ambient pressure up to 138 MPa (20 000 psi) and 422 K (300 °F) using ∼5 ml of fluid. Temperature, pressure, and density are measured in situ in real-time, and composition is varied by adding volatile and nonvolatile components. The stability and accuracy of the conditions are reported for pure ethane, and the effects of temperature and pressure on characteristic regions of the optical spectrum of ethane are illustrated after correction for temperature and pressure effects on the optical cell path length, as well as normalization to the measured density. Molar absorption coefficients and integrated molar absorption coefficients for several vibrational combination bands are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T Pelletier
- Halliburton Energy Services, 3000 North Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, Texas 77032, USA
| | - Robert Atkinson
- Halliburton Energy Services, 3000 North Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, Texas 77032, USA
| | - Jing Shen
- Halliburton Energy Services, 3000 North Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, Texas 77032, USA
| | - Jeff Moore
- Halliburton Energy Services, 3000 North Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, Texas 77032, USA
| | - Jimmy Anders
- Halliburton Energy Services, 3000 North Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, Texas 77032, USA
| | - David L Perkins
- Halliburton Energy Services, 3000 North Sam Houston Pkwy E, Houston, Texas 77032, USA
| | - Michael L Myrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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49
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Grimm FA, Russell WK, Luo YS, Iwata Y, Chiu WA, Roy T, Boogaard PJ, Ketelslegers HB, Rusyn I. Grouping of Petroleum Substances as Example UVCBs by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry to Enable Chemical Composition-Based Read-Across. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7197-7207. [PMID: 28502166 PMCID: PMC5627358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Substances of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products, and Biological materials (UVCBs), including many refined petroleum products, present a major challenge in regulatory submissions under the EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and US High Production Volume regulatory regimes. The inherent complexity of these substances, as well as variability in composition obfuscates detailed chemical characterization of each individual substance and their grouping for human and environmental health evaluation through read-across. In this study, we applied ion mobility mass spectrometry in conjunction with cheminformatics-based data integration and visualization to derive substance-specific signatures based on the distribution and abundance of various heteroatom classes. We used petroleum substances from four petroleum substance manufacturing streams and evaluated their chemical composition similarity based on high-dimensional substance-specific quantitative parameters including m/z distribution, drift time, carbon number range, and associated double bond equivalents and hydrogen-to-carbon ratios. Data integration and visualization revealed group-specific similarities for petroleum substances. Observed differences within a product group were indicative of batch- or manufacturer-dependent variation. We demonstrate how high-resolution analytical chemistry approaches can be used effectively to support categorization of UVCBs based on their heteroatom composition and how such data can be used in regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A. Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - William K. Russell
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yu-Syuan Luo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Tim Roy
- Department of Natural Science, University of South Carolina, Beaufort, SC
| | | | | | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
- Corresponding author: Ivan Rusyn, MD, PhD, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, 4458 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, (979) 458-9866,
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50
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Benigni P, Sandoval K, Thompson CJ, Ridgeway ME, Park MA, Gardinali P, Fernandez-Lima F. Analysis of Photoirradiated Water Accommodated Fractions of Crude Oils Using Tandem TIMS and FT-ICR MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5978-5988. [PMID: 28457132 PMCID: PMC5661887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) in tandem with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) is applied to the analysis of the low energy water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a crude oil as a function of the exposure to light. The TIMS-FT-ICR MS analysis provided, in addition to the heteroatom series identification, new insights into the WAF isomeric complexity (e.g., [m/z; chemical formula; collision cross section] data sets) for a better evaluation of the degree of chemical and structural photoinduced transformations. Inspection of the [m/z; chemical formula; collision cross section] data sets shows that the WAF composition changes as a function of the exposure to light in the first 115 h by initial photosolubilization of HC components and their photo-oxidation up to O4-5 of mainly high double bond equivalence species (DBE > 9). The addition of high resolution TIMS (resolving power of 90-220) to ultrahigh resolution FT-ICR MS (resolving power over 400k) permitted the identification of a larger number of molecular components in a single analysis (e.g., over 47k using TIMS-MS compared to 12k by MS alone), with instances of over 6-fold increase in the number of molecular features per nominal mass due to the WAF isomeric complexity. This work represents a stepping stone toward a better understanding of the WAF components and highlights the need for better experimental and theoretical approaches to characterize the WAF structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Benigni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kathia Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | | | | | - Melvin A. Park
- Bruker Daltonics, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
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