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Kanda P, Minshull TC. Determination of glycation levels in Erwinia chrysanthemi asparaginase drug product by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 145:105253. [PMID: 32027934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Erwinase (Erwinia chrysanthemi L-asparaginase) Drug Product (DP) is a freeze-dried formulation with a three-year shelf life at 2-8 °C, and an established safety, stability and efficacy profile over the more than three decades of clinical use. Seven Erwinase® DP batches, released over a 7-year period, were screened by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry for glycation levels. This modification is a known and natural consequence of exposure of Erwinase Drug Product to glucose excipients in stabilizing formulations. Although glycation is detected in current release and stability methods, glycation, including the conditions under which this reaction occurs, has not been previously characterised in detail. We have found that glycation levels of different DP lots generally correlated with age, when they were stored at low temperature. This suggests that the glycation reaction continues over time within the Drug Product formulation in the lyophilised state, even under low temperature (+2-8 °C) conditions. We were also able to examine glycation levels of one DP lot, Lot D, held under long term stability at 3 different temperatures over a 5-year period. The 2 samples held at -20 °C and -80 °C, were glycated to levels of 12% and 17%, respectively. However, the DP Lot D sample held at +2-8 oC in this time period was found to be glycated to a level of 35.6%, with multiple glycations of individual subunits observed. For analytical reference materials, it is important to keep parameters such as glycation levels as constant as possible, to avoid a 'moving target' with respect to comparisons with release and stability testing. These data suggest that storage of DP as reference standards at a lower temperature (e.g., -20 °C) can significantly reduce levels of glycation over the longer time periods required for analytical reference standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kanda
- Porton Biopharma Ltd., Manor Farm Road, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas C Minshull
- Porton Biopharma Ltd., Manor Farm Road, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, United Kingdom
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Structural Characterization and Physicochemical Stability Profile of a Double Mutant Heat Labile Toxin Protein Based Adjuvant. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3474-3485. [PMID: 28780391 PMCID: PMC5690273 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel protein adjuvant double-mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, LT (R192G/L211A) or dmLT, is in preclinical and early clinical development with various vaccine candidates. Structural characterization and formulation development of dmLT will play a key role in its successful process development, scale-up/transfer, and commercial manufacturing. This work describes extensive analytical characterization of structural integrity and physicochemical stability profile of dmLT from a lyophilized clinical formulation. Reconstituted dmLT contained a heterogeneous mixture of intact holotoxin (AB5, ∼75%) and free B5 subunit (∼25%) as assessed by analytical ultracentrifugation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Intact mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed presence of Lys84 glycation near the native sugar-binding site in dmLT, and forced degradation studies using liquid chromatography-MS peptide mapping demonstrated specific Asn deamidation and Met oxidation sites. Using multiple biophysical measurements, dmLT was found most stable between pH 6.5 and 7.5 and at temperatures ≤50°C. In addition, soluble aggregates and particle formation were observed upon shaking stress. By identifying the physicochemical degradation pathways of dmLT using newly developed stability-indicating analytical methods from this study, we aim at developing more stable candidate formulations of dmLT that will minimize the formation of degradants and improve storage stability, as both a frozen bulk substance and eventually as a liquid final dosage form.
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Song JG, Lee SH, Han HK. The stabilization of biopharmaceuticals: current understanding and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Wei B, Berning K, Quan C, Zhang YT. Glycation of antibodies: Modification, methods and potential effects on biological functions. MAbs 2017; 9:586-594. [PMID: 28272973 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycation is an important protein modification that could potentially affect bioactivity and molecular stability, and glycation of therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies should be well characterized. Glycated protein could undergo further degradation into advance glycation end (AGE) products. Here, we review the root cause of glycation during the manufacturing, storage and in vivo circulation of therapeutic antibodies, and the current analytical methods used to detect and characterize glycation and AGEs, including boronate affinity chromatography, charge-based methods, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and colorimetric assay. The biological effects of therapeutic protein glycation and AGEs, which ranged from no affect to loss of activity, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchuan Wei
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Kelsey Berning
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Cynthia Quan
- a Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
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Awotwe-Otoo D, Agarabi C, Read EK, Lute S, Brorson KA, Khan MA. Product and process understanding to relate the effect of freezing method on glycation and aggregation of lyophilized monoclonal antibody formulations. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:341-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li W, Kerwin JL, Schiel J, Formolo T, Davis D, Mahan A, Benchaar SA. Structural Elucidation of Post-Translational Modifications in Monoclonal Antibodies. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1201.ch003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhou Li
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - James L. Kerwin
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - John Schiel
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Trina Formolo
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Darryl Davis
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Andrew Mahan
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Sabrina A. Benchaar
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Sanovas Inc., Sausalito, California 94965, United States
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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Pietkiewicz J, Dzierzba K, Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Staniszewska M, Bartyś A, Gamian A. PREPARATION OF BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN MONOMER FOR CONJUGATION EXPERIMENTS BY USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY MEDIA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.673205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Pietkiewicz
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzierzba
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- b Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy , Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Bartyś
- b Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy , Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
- b Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy , Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
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Gramer MJ. Product Quality Considerations for Mammalian Cell Culture Process Development and Manufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 139:123-66. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Jiang L, Hewitt D, Huang Y, Kao YH, Katta V. Rapid Identification of Low Level Glycation Sites in Recombinant Antibodies by Isotopic Labeling with 13C6-Reducing Sugars. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2313-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202995x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zhang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
94080, United States
| | - Taylor Zhang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
94080, United States
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San
Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Daniel Hewitt
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
94080, United States
| | - YungFu Huang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
94080, United States
| | - Yung-Hsiang Kao
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
94080, United States
| | - Viswanatham Katta
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California
94080, United States
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Manning MC, Chou DK, Murphy BM, Payne RW, Katayama DS. Stability of protein pharmaceuticals: an update. Pharm Res 2010; 27:544-75. [PMID: 20143256 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 751] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1989, Manning, Patel, and Borchardt wrote a review of protein stability (Manning et al., Pharm. Res. 6:903-918, 1989), which has been widely referenced ever since. At the time, recombinant protein therapy was still in its infancy. This review summarizes the advances that have been made since then regarding protein stabilization and formulation. In addition to a discussion of the current understanding of chemical and physical instability, sections are included on stabilization in aqueous solution and the dried state, the use of chemical modification and mutagenesis to improve stability, and the interrelationship between chemical and physical instability.
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Zhang B, Mathewson S, Chen H. Two-dimensional liquid chromatographic methods to examine phenylboronate interactions with recombinant antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5676-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang Q, Ames JM, Smith RD, Baynes JW, Metz TO. A perspective on the Maillard reaction and the analysis of protein glycation by mass spectrometry: probing the pathogenesis of chronic disease. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:754-69. [PMID: 19093874 DOI: 10.1021/pr800858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Maillard reaction, starting from the glycation of protein and progressing to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), is implicated in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus, as well as in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, renal, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this perspective review, we provide an overview on the relevance of the Maillard reaction in the pathogenesis of chronic disease and discuss traditional approaches and recent developments in the analysis of glycated proteins by mass spectrometry. We propose that proteomics approaches, particularly bottom-up proteomics, will play a significant role in analyses of clinical samples leading to the identification of new markers of disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Zijlstra GS, J. Ponsioen B, A. Hummel S, Sanders N, Hinrichs WL, de Boer AH, Frijlink HW. Formulation and process development of (recombinant human) deoxyribonuclease I as a powder for inhalation. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 14:358-68. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450802662820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
This review highlights the many roles mass spectrometry plays in the discovery and development of new therapeutics by both the pharmaceutical and the biotechnology industries. Innovations in mass spectrometer source design, improvements to mass accuracy, and implementation of computer-controlled automation have accelerated the purification and characterization of compounds derived from combinatorial libraries, as well as the throughput of pharmacokinetics studies. The use of accelerator mass spectrometry, chemical reaction interface-mass spectrometry and continuous flow-isotope ratio mass spectrometry are promising alternatives for conducting mass balance studies in man. To meet the technical challenges of proteomics, discovery groups in biotechnology companies have led the way to development of instruments with greater sensitivity and mass accuracy (e.g., MALDI-TOF, ESI-Q-TOF, Ion Trap), the miniaturization of separation techniques and ion sources (e.g., capillary HPLC and nanospray), and the utilization of bioinformatics. Affinity-based methods coupled to mass spectrometry are allowing rapid and selective identification of both synthetic and biological molecules. With decreasing instrument cost and size and increasing reliability, mass spectrometers are penetrating both the manufacturing and the quality control arenas. The next generation of technologies to simplify the investigation of the complex fate of novel pharmaceutical entities in vitro and in vivo will be chip-based approaches coupled with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Papac
- Department of Development Research, NPS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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Makar TK, Nedergaard M, Preuss A, Hertz L, Cooper AJ. Glutamine transaminase K and omega-amidase activities in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons and in embryonic chick forebrain: marked induction of brain glutamine transaminase K at time of hatching. J Neurochem 1994; 373:179-91. [PMID: 8158144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine transaminase K and omega-amidase activities are present in the chick brain and in the brains of adult mice, rats, and humans. However, the activity of glutamine transaminase K in adult mouse brain is relatively low. In the chick embryo, cerebral glutamine transaminase K activity is low between embryonic days 5 and 17, but by day 23 (day of hatching) activity rises dramatically (> 15-fold). Cerebral omega-amidase activity is relatively high at embryonic day 5 but lower between days 5 and 17; at embryonic day 23 the activity rises to a maximum. Both glutamine transaminase K and omega-amidase are present in cultured chick, rat, and mouse astrocytes and neurons. For each species, the activity of glutamine transaminase K is higher in the astrocytes than in the neurons. The activity of omega-amidase is about the same in the cultured chick astrocytes and neurons but significantly higher in rat astrocytes than in rat neurons. The data suggest that the rise in brain glutamine transaminase K activity in the chick embryo at hatching correlates with maturation of astrocytes. Glutamine transaminase K may be involved in glutamine cycling in astrocytes. Glutamine transaminase K appears to be a major cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase of the brain and may play a role in the neurotoxicity associated with exposure to dichloroacetylene and perhaps to other toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Makar
- Department of Biochemistry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021
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