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Neil CW, Yang Y, Nisbet H, Iyare UC, Boampong LO, Li W, Kang Q, Hyman JD, Viswanathan HS. An integrated experimental-modeling approach to identify key processes for carbon mineralization in fractured mafic and ultramafic rocks. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae388. [PMID: 39308890 PMCID: PMC11416041 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling atmospheric warming requires immediate reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as well as the active removal and sequestration of CO2 from current point sources. One promising proposed strategy to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels is geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), where CO2 is injected into the subsurface and reacts with the formation to precipitate carbonate minerals. Rapid mineralization has recently been reported for field tests in mafic and ultramafic rocks. However, unlike saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs historically considered for GCS, these formations can have extremely low porosities and permeabilities, limiting storage volumes and reactive mineral surfaces to the preexisting fracture network. As a result, coupling between geochemical interactions and the fracture network evolution is a critical component of long-term, sustainable carbon storage. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in integrating experimental and modeling approaches to determine the first-order processes for carbon mineralization in a fractured mafic/ultramafic rock system. We observe the critical role of fracture aperture, flow, and surface characteristics in controlling the quantity, identity, and morphology of secondary precipitates and present where the influence of these factors can be reflected in newly developed thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical models. Our findings provide a roadmap for future work on carbon mineralization, as we present the most important system components and key challenges that we are overcoming to enable GCS in mafic and ultramafic rocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea W Neil
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Yun Yang
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Haylea Nisbet
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Uwaila C Iyare
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Lawrence O Boampong
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Qinjun Kang
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Hyman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Hari S Viswanathan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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2
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de Alwis C, Wahr K, Perrine KA. Influence of Cations on Direct CO 2 Capture and Mineral Film Formation: The Role of KCl and MgCl 2 at the Air/Electrolyte/Iron Interface. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4052-4067. [PMID: 38718205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanisms associated with CO2 capture through mineralization is vital for addressing rising CO2 levels. Iron in planetary soils, the mineral cycle, and atmospheric dust react with CO2 through complex surface chemistry. Here, the effect of cations on the growth of carbonate films on iron surfaces was investigated. In situ polarized modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy was used to measure CO2 adsorption and oxidation of iron in MgCl2(aq) and KCl(aq), compared to FeCl2(aq) at the air/electrolyte/iron interface. The cation was found to influence the film composition and growth rates, as corroborated by infrared and photoelectron spectroscopy. In MgCl2(aq), a mixture of hydromagnesite, magnesite, and a Mg hydroxy carbonate film was grown on iron, while in KCl(aq), a potassium-rich bicarbonate film was grown. The cations were found to affect the rates of hydroxylation and carbonation, confirming a specific cation effect on carbonate film growth. In the submerged region, a heterogeneous mixture of lepidocrocite and iron hydroxy carbonate was produced, suggesting that Fe2+ dominates the surface products. Surface roughness measurements from in situ atomic force microscopy indicate iron initially corrodes faster in MgCl2(aq) than KCl(aq), due to the Cl- ions that initiate pitting and corrosion. In this region, cations were not found to affect the morphologies. This study shows surface corrosion is necessary to provide nucleation sites for film growth and that the cations influence the carbonate film, relevant for CO2 capture and planetary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathura de Alwis
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Kayleigh Wahr
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Kathryn A Perrine
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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3
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Bañuelos JL, Borguet E, Brown GE, Cygan RT, DeYoreo JJ, Dove PM, Gaigeot MP, Geiger FM, Gibbs JM, Grassian VH, Ilgen AG, Jun YS, Kabengi N, Katz L, Kubicki JD, Lützenkirchen J, Putnis CV, Remsing RC, Rosso KM, Rother G, Sulpizi M, Villalobos M, Zhang H. Oxide- and Silicate-Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6413-6544. [PMID: 37186959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage, environmental contaminant remediation, and nuclear waste repository management. The onset of the 21st century marked the beginning of a more detailed understanding of mineral aqueous interfaces enabled by advances in techniques that use tunable high-flux focused ultrafast laser and X-ray sources to provide near-atomic measurement resolution, as well as by nanofabrication approaches that enable transmission electron microscopy in a liquid cell. This leap into atomic- and nanometer-scale measurements has uncovered scale-dependent phenomena whose reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and pathways deviate from previous observations made on larger systems. A second key advance is new experimental evidence for what scientists hypothesized but could not test previously, namely, interfacial chemical reactions are frequently driven by "anomalies" or "non-idealities" such as defects, nanoconfinement, and other nontypical chemical structures. Third, progress in computational chemistry has yielded new insights that allow a move beyond simple schematics, leading to a molecular model of these complex interfaces. In combination with surface-sensitive measurements, we have gained knowledge of the interfacial structure and dynamics, including the underlying solid surface and the immediately adjacent water and aqueous ions, enabling a better definition of what constitutes the oxide- and silicate-water interfaces. This critical review discusses how science progresses from understanding ideal solid-water interfaces to more realistic systems, focusing on accomplishments in the last 20 years and identifying challenges and future opportunities for the community to address. We anticipate that the next 20 years will focus on understanding and predicting dynamic transient and reactive structures over greater spatial and temporal ranges as well as systems of greater structural and chemical complexity. Closer collaborations of theoretical and experimental experts across disciplines will continue to be critical to achieving this great aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Leobardo Bañuelos
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Eric Borguet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gordon E Brown
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Randall T Cygan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James J DeYoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Geosciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julianne M Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2Canada
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nadine Kabengi
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lynn Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung─INE, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institute for Mineralogy, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gernot Rother
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Department of Physics, Ruhr Universität Bochum, NB6, 65, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mario Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, LANGEM, Instituto De Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Molecular-scale mechanisms of CO2 mineralization in nanoscale interfacial water films. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:598-613. [PMID: 37117714 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The calamitous impacts of unabated carbon emission from fossil-fuel-burning energy infrastructure call for accelerated development of large-scale CO2 capture, utilization and storage technologies that are underpinned by a fundamental understanding of the chemical processes at a molecular level. In the subsurface, rocks rich in divalent metals can react with CO2, permanently sequestering it in the form of stable metal carbonate minerals, with the CO2-H2O composition of the post-injection pore fluid acting as a primary control variable. In this Review, we discuss mechanistic reaction pathways for aqueous-mediated carbonation with carbon mineralization occurring in nanoscale adsorbed water films. In the extreme of pores filled with a CO2-dominant fluid, carbonation reactions are confined to angstrom to nanometre-thick water films coating mineral surfaces, which enable metal cation release, transport, nucleation and crystallization of metal carbonate minerals. Although seemingly counterintuitive, laboratory studies have demonstrated facile carbonation rates in these low-water environments, for which a better mechanistic understanding has come to light in recent years. The overarching objective of this Review is to delineate the unique underlying molecular-scale reaction mechanisms that govern CO2 mineralization in these reactive and dynamic quasi-2D interfaces. We highlight the importance of understanding unique properties in thin water films, such as how water dielectric properties, and consequently ion solvation and hydration behaviour, can change under nanoconfinement. We conclude by identifying important frontiers for future work and opportunities to exploit these fundamental chemical insights for decarbonization technologies in the twenty-first century.
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5
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Verma V, Mitchell H, Guo M, Hodnett BK, Heng JYY. Studying the impact of the pre-exponential factor on templated nucleation. Faraday Discuss 2022; 235:199-218. [PMID: 35388818 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the enhancement of nucleation rates in the presence of heterogeneous surfaces in crystallisation processes has been attributed to the modification of the interfacial energy of the system according to the classical nucleation theory. However, recent developments have shown that heterogeneous surfaces instead alter the pre-exponential factor of nucleation. In this work, the nucleation kinetics of glycine and diglycine in aqueous solutions have been explored in the presence and absence of a heterogeneous surface. Results from induction time experiments show that the presence of a heterogeneous surface increases the pre-exponential factor by 2-fold or more for both glycine and diglycine, while the interfacial energy remains unchanged for both species. This study suggests that the heterogeneous surface enhances the nucleation rate via hydrogen bond formation with both glycine and diglycine. This is verified by hydrogen bond propensity calculations, molecular functionality analysis, and calculation of the time taken for a solute molecule to attach to the growing nucleus, which is an order of magnitude shorter than the estimated lifetime of the hydrogen bond. The effect of the heterosurface is of greater magnitude for diglycine than for glycine, which may be due to the heightened molecular complementarity between the hydrogen bond donor and acceptor sites on diglycine and the heterosurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Hamish Mitchell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mingxia Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Benjamin K Hodnett
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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6
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Della Moretta D, Craig J. Carbon capture and storage (CCS). EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202226800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an important tool for the decarbonization of the energy system to achieve the mid-century global climate change targets. CO2 is captured using different industrial processes that involve membrane filtering or enhanced combustion. The CO2 is then transported, preferably by pipeline, to a storage site where it is injected into a permeable reservoir. Sealing capacity of the storage site is of paramount importance for safe CO2 sequestration, to avoid any geological leakage. Each CCS project must have a dedicated MMV (Measurement, Monitoring and Verification) programme to ensure conformance with the expected evolution of the CO2 plume and its containment within the storage site. Eni is committed to the implementation of CCS, with several ongoing projects.
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7
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Kashim MZ, Tsegab H, Rahmani O, Abu Bakar ZA, Aminpour SM. Reaction Mechanism of Wollastonite In Situ Mineral Carbonation for CO 2 Sequestration: Effects of Saline Conditions, Temperature, and Pressure. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28942-28954. [PMID: 33225124 PMCID: PMC7675570 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The research presented here investigates the reaction mechanism of wollastonite in situ mineral carbonation for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Because wollastonite contains high calcium (Ca) content, it was considered as a suitable feedstock in the mineral carbonation process. To evaluate the reaction mechanism of wollastonite for geological CO2 sequestration (GCS), a series of carbonation experiments were performed at a range of temperatures from 35 to 90 °C, pressures from 1500 to 4000 psi, and salinities from 0 to 90,000 mg/L NaCl. The kinetics batch modeling results were validated with carbonation experiments at the specific pressure and temperature of 1500 psi and 65 °C, respectively. The results showed that the dissolution of calcium increases with increment in pressure and salinity from 1500 to 4000 psi and 0 to 90000 mg/L NaCl, respectively. However, the calcium concentration decreases by 49%, as the reaction temperature increases from 35 to 90 °C. Besides, it is clear from the findings that the carbonation efficiency only shows a small difference (i.e., ±2%) for changing the pressure and salinity, whereas the carbonation efficiency was shown to be enhanced by 62% with increment in the reaction temperature. These findings can provide information about CO2 mineralization of calcium silicate at the GCS condition, which may enable us to predict the fate of the injected CO2, and its subsurface geochemical evolution during the CO2-fluid-rock interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zuhaili Kashim
- Department of Geoscience, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610Seri Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Gas Sustainability Technology, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Haylay Tsegab
- Department of Geoscience, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 32610Seri Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Southeast Asia Carbonate
Research Laboratory, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Tronoh, Perak Darul
Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Omeid Rahmani
- Department of Natural
Resources Engineering and Management, School of Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr (UKH), Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Zainol Affendi Abu Bakar
- Department of Gas Sustainability Technology, PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shahram M. Aminpour
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
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8
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Pan B, Yin X, Iglauer S. A review on clay wettability: From experimental investigations to molecular dynamics simulations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102266. [PMID: 33011571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clay is one of the most important mineral components in geological formations, and it is widely used in many industrial applications. One clay property, which is of key importance in many areas, e.g. mineral processing, agriculture, fundamental geologic understanding, hydrology, oil/water separation and multi-phase fluid flow, is clay wettability. However, clay wettability is a complex parameter which is determined by clay surface chemistry, in-situ aqueous and non-aqueous fluid chemistries, and geo-thermal conditions. Thus, a systematic review of published results on the wettability of six different clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite, mica, talc and pyrophyllite) is provided here, spanning from experimental studies to molecular dynamics simulations. This is integrated with a critical discussion to elucidate the origin of significant inconsistencies in the reported data. Finally, a range of conclusions is clearly established and a future outlook is given. This review will thus advance the understanding of clay wettability and provide guidance for the various applications discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, Canada
| | - Xia Yin
- Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, No.31, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Iglauer
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Australia.
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Zhong J, Alibakhshi MA, Xie Q, Riordon J, Xu Y, Duan C, Sinton D. Exploring Anomalous Fluid Behavior at the Nanoscale: Direct Visualization and Quantification via Nanofluidic Devices. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:347-357. [PMID: 31922716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluidics is the study of fluids under nanoscale confinement, where small-scale effects dictate fluid physics and continuum assumptions are no longer fully valid. At this scale, because of large surface-area-to-volume ratios, the fluid interaction with boundaries becomes more pronounced, and both short-range steric/hydration forces and long-range van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces dictate fluid behavior. These forces lead to a spectrum of anomalous transport and thermodynamic phenomena such as ultrafast water flow, enhanced ion transport, extreme phase transition temperatures, and slow biomolecule diffusion, which have been the subject of extensive computational studies. Experimental quantification of these phenomena was also enabled by the advent of nanofluidic technology, which has transformed challenging nanoscale fluid measurements into facile optical and electrical recordings. Our groups' focus is to investigate nanoscale (2 to 103 nm) fluid behaviors in the context of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics through the development of novel nanofluidic tools, to examine the applicability of classical equations at the nanoscale, to identify the source of deviations, and to explore new physics emerging at this scale. In this Account, we summarize our recent findings regarding liquid transport, vaporization, and condensation of nanoscale-confined liquids. Our study of nanoscale water transport identified an additional resistance in hydrophilic nanochannels, attributed to the reduced cross-sectional area caused by the formation of an immobile hydration layer on the surfaces. In contrast, a reduction in flow resistance was discovered in graphene-coated hydrophobic nanochannels, due to water slippage on the graphene surface. In the context of vaporization, the kinetic-limited evaporation flux was measured and found to exceed the classical theoretical prediction by an order of magnitude in hydrophilic nanochannels/nanopores as a result of the thin film evaporation outside of the apertures. This factor was eliminated by modifying the hydrophobicity of the aperture's exterior surface, enabling the identification of the true kinetic limits inside nanoconfinements and a crucial confinement-dependent evaporation coefficient. The transport-limited evaporation dynamics was also quantified, where experimental results confirmed the parallel diffusion-convection resistance model in both single nanoconduits and nanoporous systems at high accuracy. Furthermore, we have extended our studies to different aspects of condensation in nanoscale-confined spaces. The initiation of condensation for a single-component hydrocarbon was observed to follow the Kelvin equation, whereas for hydrocarbon mixtures it deviated from classical theory because of surface-selective adsorption, which has been corroborated by simulations. Moreover, the condensation dynamics deviates from the bulk and is governed by either vapor transport or liquid transport depending on the confinement scale. Overall, by using novel nanofluidic devices and measurement strategies, our work explores and further verifies the applicability of classical fluid mechanics and thermodynamic equations such as the Navier-Stokes, Kelvin, and Hertz-Knudsen equations at the nanoscale. The results not only deepen our understanding of the fundamental physical phenomena of nanoscale fluids but also have important implications for various industrial applications such as water desalination, oil extraction/recovery, and thermal management. Looking forward, we see tremendous opportunities for nanofluidic devices in probing and quantifying nanoscale fluid thermophysical properties and more broadly enabling nanoscale chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mohammad Amin Alibakhshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Quan Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jason Riordon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chuanhua Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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10
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Zhang L, Zhu Y, Wu X, Jun YS. Effects of sulfate on biotite interfacial reactions under high temperature and high CO 2 pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6381-6390. [PMID: 30838369 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07368f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To ensure the safety and efficiency of engineered subsurface operations, it is vital to understand impacts of aqueous chemistries on brine-mineral interactions in subsurface environments. In this study, using biotite as a model phyllosilicate, we investigated the effects of sulfate on its interfacial reactions under subsurface relevant conditions (95 °C and 102 atm of CO2). By making monodentate mononuclear complexes with biotite surface sites, 50 mM sulfate enhanced biotite dissolution by 40% compared to that without sulfate. However, sulfate at lower concentrations than 50 mM did not obviously affect biotite dissolution. In addition, sulfate did not impact secondary mineral precipitation. However, even without any discernible surface morphological change, sulfate adsorption made biotite surfaces more hydrophilic. To provide a more comprehensive perspective on environmentally-abundant ligands, we further comparatively examined the effects of various inorganic (e.g., sulfate and phosphate) and organic ligands (e.g., acetate, oxalate, and phosphonates) on biotite interfacial interactions and assessed their impacts on physico-chemical properties. We found that the presence of phosphate and phosphonates significantly promoted precipitation of Fe- and Al-bearing secondary minerals, but sulfate, acetate, and oxalate did not. Biotite surface wettability was also altered as a result of changes in biotite surface functional groups and surface charges by ligand adsorption: sulfate, oxalate, phosphate, and phosphonate made biotite more hydrophilic, while acetate made it less hydrophilic. This study provides useful new insights into the effects of brine chemistries on brine-mineral interactions, enabling safer and more efficient engineered subsurface operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Yaguang Zhu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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11
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Li Q, Jun YS. The apparent activation energy and pre-exponential kinetic factor for heterogeneous calcium carbonate nucleation on quartz. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Zhang L, Jun YS. The Role of Fe-Bearing Phyllosilicates in DTPMP Degradation under High-Temperature and High-Pressure Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9522-9530. [PMID: 30048125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To ensure safer and more efficient unconventional oil/gas recovery and other energy-related subsurface operations, it is important to understand the effects of abundant Fe-bearing phyllosilicates on the degradation of phosphonates, which are applied to inhibit scale formation. In this study, under subsurface relevant conditions (i.e., slightly oxic owing to oxygen-containing injection, 50-95 °C, and 102 atm CO2), we reacted 0.5 mM DTPMP (diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene)phosphonate, a model phosphonate) with three phyllosilicates: an Fe-poor muscovite, an Fe(II)-rich biotite, and an Fe(III)-rich nontronite. The three phyllosilicates induced different effects on DTPMP degradation, with no distinguishable effect by muscovite, slight promotion by nontronite, and remarkable promotion by biotite. We found that Fe associated with phyllosilicates is key to the redox degradation of DTPMP: reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated through the reduction of molecular oxygen by Fe(II) adsorbed on the mineral surface or in the mineral structure, and the hydroxyl radicals further degraded DTPMP to form phosphate, formate, and DTPMP residuals. In addition, DTPMP degradation was favored at higher temperatures, probably resulting from more exposed reactive Fe(II) sites created by enhanced biotite dissolution and also from faster electron transfers. Dissolved Fe and Al precipitated with phosphate or degraded DTPMP and formed secondary minerals. This study provides new information about how DTPMP degradation is affected by the presence of Fe-bearing phyllosilicates under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and has implications for engineered subsurface operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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13
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Zhang L, Kim D, Jun YS. The Effects of Phosphonate-Based Scale Inhibitor on Brine-Biotite Interactions under Subsurface Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6042-6049. [PMID: 29668264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of scale inhibitors on subsurface water-mineral interactions, here batch experiments on biotite dissolution (0-96 h) were conducted in solutions containing 0-1.0 mM diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene)phosphonate (DTPMP, a model scale inhibitor), at conditions simulating subsurface environments (95 °C and 102 atm CO2). The phosphonate groups in DTPMP enhanced biotite dissolution through both aqueous and surface complexations with Fe, with more significant effects at a higher DTPMP concentration. Surface complexation made cracked biotite layers bend, and these layers detached at a later stage (≥44 h). The presence of DTPMP also promoted secondary precipitation of Fe- and Al-bearing minerals both in the solution and on the reacted biotite surfaces. With 1.0 mM DTPMP after 44 h, significant coverage of biotite surfaces by precipitates and less detachment of cracked layers blocked reactive sites and inhibited further biotite dissolution. Furthermore, adsorption of DTPMP made the reacted biotite basal surfaces more hydrophilic, which may affect the transport of reactive fluids. This study provides new information on the impacts of phosphonates in brine-mineral interactions, benefiting safer and more environmentally sustainable design and operation of engineered subsurface processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Washington University , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Doyoon Kim
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Washington University , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering , Washington University , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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14
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Claret F, Grangeon S, Loschetter A, Tournassat C, De Nolf W, Harker N, Boulahya F, Gaboreau S, Linard Y, Bourbon X, Fernandez-Martinez A, Wright J. Deciphering mineralogical changes and carbonation development during hydration and ageing of a consolidated ternary blended cement paste. IUCRJ 2018; 5:150-157. [PMID: 29765604 PMCID: PMC5947719 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251701836x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To understand the main properties of cement, a ubiquitous material, a sound description of its chemistry and mineralogy, including its reactivity in aggressive environments and its mechanical properties, is vital. In particular, the porosity distribution and associated sample carbonation, both of which affect cement's properties and durability, should be quantified accurately, and their kinetics and mechanisms of formation known both in detail and in situ. However, traditional methods of cement mineralogy analysis (e.g. chemical mapping) involve sample preparation (e.g. slicing) that can be destructive and/or expose cement to the atmosphere, leading to preparation artefacts (e.g. dehydration). In addition, the kinetics of mineralogical development during hydration, and associated porosity development, cannot be examined. To circumvent these issues, X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRD-CT) has been used. This allowed the mineralogy of ternary blended cement composed of clinker, fly ash and blast furnace slag to be deciphered. Consistent with previous results obtained for both powdered samples and dilute systems, it was possible, using a consolidated cement paste (with a water-to-solid ratio akin to that used in civil engineering), to determine that the mineralogy consists of alite (only detected in the in situ hydration experiment), calcite, calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), ettringite, mullite, portlandite, and an amorphous fraction of unreacted slag and fly ash. Mineralogical evolution during the first hydration steps indicated fast ferrite reactivity. Insights were also gained into how the cement porosity evolves over time and into associated spatially and time-resolved carbonation mechanisms. It was observed that macroporosity developed in less than 30 h of hydration, with pore sizes reaching about 100-150 µm in width. Carbonation was not observed for this time scale, but was found to affect the first 100 µm of cement located around macropores in a sample cured for six months. Regarding this carbonation, the only mineral detected was calcite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Claret
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Sylvain Grangeon
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Annick Loschetter
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Christophe Tournassat
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
- Université d’Orléans – CNRS/INSU-BRGM, UMR 7327 Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans (ISTO), Orléans, 45071, France
- Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wout De Nolf
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Nicholas Harker
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Faiza Boulahya
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | - Stéphane Gaboreau
- BRGM, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans Cedex 2, 45060, France
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan Wright
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
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15
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Zhang L, Kim D, Kim Y, Wan J, Jun YS. Effects of phosphate on biotite dissolution and secondary precipitation under conditions relevant to engineered subsurface processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29895-29904. [PMID: 29086792 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Brine-mica interfacial interactions affect both the caprock integrity and the fate and transport of reactive fluids at deep subsurface sites. Phosphate naturally exists at low concentration in subsurface brines, and its concentration can be increased significantly during energy-related engineered subsurface processes. However, our understanding of the influence of phosphate on brine-mica interactions is limited, especially under subsurface conditions. Here, biotite dissolution experiments were conducted without and with phosphate (0.1, 1, and 10 mM) at 95 °C and 102 atm CO2. Compared to the control, 0.1 mM, and 1 mM phosphate systems, biotite dissolution was four times higher with 10 mM phosphate. Despite the dissolution differences, in all the phosphate systems, phosphate interacted with Al and Fe sites in biotite, forming surface complexation and precipitating as Fe- or Al-bearing minerals on surfaces and in solutions. Consequently, aqueous Fe and Al concentrations became lower with phosphate than in the control experiments. In addition, the biotite basal surfaces became more hydrophilic after reaction with phosphate, even at 0.1 mM, mainly from phosphate adsorption. This study offers new information on how phosphate-containing brine interacts with caprocks and on the consequent wettability changes, results that can benefit current and future energy-related subsurface engineering processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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16
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Min Y, Li Q, Voltolini M, Kneafsey T, Jun YS. Wollastonite Carbonation in Water-Bearing Supercritical CO 2: Effects of Particle Size. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:13044-13053. [PMID: 28968071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The performance of geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) can be affected by CO2 mineralization and changes in the permeability of geologic formations resulting from interactions between water-bearing supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and silicates in reservoir rocks. However, without an understanding of the size effects, the findings in previous studies using nanometer- or micrometer-size particles cannot be applied to the bulk rock in field sites. In this study, we report the effects of particle sizes on the carbonation of wollastonite (CaSiO3) at 60 °C and 100 bar in water-bearing scCO2. After normalization by the surface area, the thickness of the reacted wollastonite layer on the surfaces was independent of particle sizes. After 20 h, the reaction was not controlled by the kinetics of surface reactions but by the diffusion of water-bearing scCO2 across the product layer on wollastonite surfaces. Among the products of reaction, amorphous silica, rather than calcite, covered the wollastonite surface and acted as a diffusion barrier to water-bearing scCO2. The product layer was not highly porous, with a specific surface area 10 times smaller than that of the altered amorphous silica formed at the wollastonite surface in aqueous solution. These findings can help us evaluate the impacts of mineral carbonation in water-bearing scCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Min
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Marco Voltolini
- Earth and Environmental Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Timothy Kneafsey
- Earth and Environmental Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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17
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Li Q, Steefel CI, Jun YS. Incorporating Nanoscale Effects into a Continuum-Scale Reactive Transport Model for CO 2-Deteriorated Cement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:10861-10871. [PMID: 28783325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wellbore cement deterioration is critical for wellbore integrity and the safety of CO2 storage in geologic formations. Our previous experimental work highlighted the importance of the portlandite (CH)-depleted zone and the surface dissolution zone in the CO2-attacked cement. In this study, we simulated numerically the evolution of the CH-depleted zone and the dissolution of the cement surfaces utilizing a reduced-dimension (1D) reactive transport model. The approach shows that three nanoscale effects are important and had to be incorporated in a continuum-scale model to capture experimental observations: First, it was necessary to account for the fact that secondary CaCO3 precipitation does not fill the pore space completely, with the result that acidic brine continues to diffuse through the carbonated zone to form a CH-depleted zone. Second, secondary precipitation in brine begins via nucleation kinetics, and this could not be described with previous models using growth kinetics alone. Third, our results suggest that the CaCO3 precipitates in the confined pore space are more soluble than those formed in brine. This study provides a new platform for a reduced dimension model for CO2 attack on cement that captures the important nanoscale mechanisms influencing macroscale phenomena in subsurface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Carl I Steefel
- Energy Geosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University , Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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