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Dalecky L, Sottile F, Hung L, Cazals L, Desolneux A, Chevalier A, Rueff JP, Bertrand L. Non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering for discrimination of pigments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4363-4371. [PMID: 38235804 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) spectroscopy has been used in many fields of solid-state physics and theoretical chemistry as an accurate and quantitative probe of elementary excitations. We show that non-resonant IXS spectra in the energy loss range below 100 eV exhibit a strong contrast across a wide range of commercially available pigments, opening new routes for their discrimination. These signatures combine plasmonic transitions, collective excitations and low energy absorption edges. We have performed IXS to discriminate different artists' pigments within complex mixtures and to quantitatively determine rutile and anatase polymorphs of TiO2. The integration of experimental data on pigment powders with suitable ab initio simulations shows a precise fit of the spectroscopic data both in the position of the resonances and in their relative intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Dalecky
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Francesco Sottile
- ETSF and LSI, CNRS, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Linda Hung
- Energy and Materials Division, Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Laure Cazals
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Agnès Desolneux
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélia Chevalier
- Conservation of Cultural Heritage - Aurélia Chevalier Sàrl, Route des Jeunes 4bis, 1227 Les Acacias, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Magnard NPL, Sørensen DR, Kantor I, Jensen KMØ, Jørgensen MRV. Sub-second pair distribution function using a broad bandwidth monochromator. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:825-833. [PMID: 37284263 PMCID: PMC10241043 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723004016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here the use of a broad energy bandwidth monochromator, i.e. a pair of B4C/W multilayer mirrors (MLMs), is demonstrated for X-ray total scattering (TS) measurements and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Data are collected both on powder samples and from metal oxo clusters in aqueous solution at various concentrations. A comparison between the MLM PDFs and those obtained using a standard Si(111) double-crystal monochromator shows that the measurements yield MLM PDFs of high quality which are suitable for structure refinement. Moreover, the effects of time resolution and concentration on the quality of the resulting PDFs of the metal oxo clusters are investigated. PDFs of heptamolybdate clusters and tungsten α-Keggin clusters from X-ray TS data were obtained with a time resolution down to 3 ms and still showed a similar level of Fourier ripples to PDFs obtained from 1 s measurements. This type of measurement could thus open up faster time-resolved TS and PDF studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P. L. Magnard
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Daniel R. Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 224 84, Sweden
| | - Innokenty Kantor
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 224 84, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2880, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Mads R. V. Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry & iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 224 84, Sweden
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3
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Ghirardello M, Gonzalez V, Monico L, Nevin A, MacLennan D, Patterson CS, Burghammer M, Réfrégiers M, Comelli D, Cotte M. Application of Synchrotron Radiation-Based Micro-Analysis on Cadmium Yellows in Pablo Picasso's Femme. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-10. [PMID: 35644640 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cultural heritage community is increasingly exploring synchrotron radiation (SR) based techniques for the study of art and archaeological objects. When considering heterogeneous and complex micro-samples, such as those from paintings, the combination of different SR X-ray techniques is often exploited to overcome the intrinsic limitations and sensitivity of the single technique. Less frequently, SR X-ray analyses are combined with SR micro-photoluminescence or micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, which provide complementary information on the molecular composition, offering a unique integrated analysis approach. Although the spatial correlation between the maps obtained with different techniques is not straightforward due to the different volumes probed by each method, the combination of the information provides a greater understanding and insight into the paint chemistry. In this work, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the combination of X-ray techniques and SR-based photoluminescence through the study of two paint micro-samples taken from Pablo Picasso's Femme (1907). The painting contains two cadmium yellow paints (based on CdS): one relatively intact and one visibly degraded. SR micro-analyses demonstrated that the two Cd-yellow paints differ in terms of structure, chemical composition, and photoluminescence properties. In particular, on the basis of the combination of different SR measurements, we hypothesize that the degraded yellow is based on nanocrystalline CdS with high presence of Cd(OH)Cl. These two characteristics have enhanced the reactivity of the paint and strongly influenced its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ghirardello
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Austin Nevin
- IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Courtauld Institute of Art, Somerset House, Strand, London WC2R ORN, UK
| | - Douglas MacLennan
- Science Department, Getty Conservation Institute, 1200 Getty Center Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90049, USA
| | | | | | - Matthieu Réfrégiers
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CBM UPR4301, Rue Charles Sadron, Orléans, France
| | - Daniela Comelli
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marine Cotte
- ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- LAMS, CNRS UMR 8220, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Place Jussieu 4, F-75005 Paris, France
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4
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Cotte M, Gonzalez V, Vanmeert F, Monico L, Dejoie C, Burghammer M, Huder L, de Nolf W, Fisher S, Fazlic I, Chauffeton C, Wallez G, Jiménez N, Albert-Tortosa F, Salvadó N, Possenti E, Colombo C, Ghirardello M, Comelli D, Avranovich Clerici E, Vivani R, Romani A, Costantino C, Janssens K, Taniguchi Y, McCarthy J, Reichert H, Susini J. The "Historical Materials BAG": A New Facilitated Access to Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Analyses for Cultural Heritage Materials at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Molecules 2022; 27:1997. [PMID: 35335359 PMCID: PMC8950898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has recently commissioned the new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). The gain in brightness as well as the continuous development of beamline instruments boosts the beamline performances, in particular in terms of accelerated data acquisition. This has motivated the development of new access modes as an alternative to standard proposals for access to beamtime, in particular via the "block allocation group" (BAG) mode. Here, we present the recently implemented "historical materials BAG": a community proposal giving to 10 European institutes the opportunity for guaranteed beamtime at two X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) beamlines-ID13, for 2D high lateral resolution XRPD mapping, and ID22 for high angular resolution XRPD bulk analyses-with a particular focus on applications to cultural heritage. The capabilities offered by these instruments, the specific hardware and software developments to facilitate and speed-up data acquisition and data processing are detailed, and the first results from this new access are illustrated with recent applications to pigments, paintings, ceramics and wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
- Laboratoire d’Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS) CNRS UMR 8220, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, 5 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frederik Vanmeert
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Paintings Laboratory, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Jubelpark 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Letizia Monico
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Catherine Dejoie
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Loïc Huder
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Wout de Nolf
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Stuart Fisher
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Ida Fazlic
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070 DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christelle Chauffeton
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (C.C.); (G.W.)
- Cité de la Céramique Sèvres-Limoges, place de la Manufacture, 92310 Sèvres, France
- Centre de Recherche et Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Wallez
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (C.C.); (G.W.)
- Centre de Recherche et Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
- UFR 926, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Núria Jiménez
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Francesc Albert-Tortosa
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nati Salvadó
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Elena Possenti
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Marta Ghirardello
- Politecnico di Milano, Physics Department, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Comelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Physics Department, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Ermanno Avranovich Clerici
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 3mE, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Aldo Romani
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Koen Janssens
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070 DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoko Taniguchi
- History and Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Joanne McCarthy
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Harald Reichert
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Jean Susini
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
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Marchetti A, Beltran V, Nuyts G, Borondics F, De Meyer S, Van Bos M, Jaroszewicz J, Otten E, Debulpaep M, De Wael K. Novel optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy for the noninvasive characterization of heritage glass-metal objects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl6769. [PMID: 35245121 PMCID: PMC8896789 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) is a recently developed molecular spectroscopy technique that allows to noninvasively obtain chemical information on organic and inorganic samples at a submicrometric scale. The high spatial resolution (≈450 nm), lack of sample preparation, and comparability of the spectral results to traditional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy make it a promising candidate for the analysis of cultural heritage. In this work, the potential of O-PTIR for the noninvasive characterization of small heritage objects (few cubic centimeters) is demonstrated on a series of degraded 16th century brass and glass decorative elements. These small and challenging samples, typically encountering limitations with existing noninvasive methods such as macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction and μRaman, were successfully characterized by O-PTIR, ultimately identifying the markers of glass-induced metal corrosion processes. The results clearly demonstrate how O-PTIR can be easily implemented in a noninvasive multianalytical strategy for the study of heritage materials, making it a fundamental tool for cultural heritage analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchetti
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Victoria Beltran
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ferenc Borondics
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Steven De Meyer
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marina Van Bos
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elke Otten
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marjolijn Debulpaep
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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6
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Destro R, Barzaghi M, Soave R, Roversi P, Lo Presti L. Accurate experimental characterization of the labile N–Cl bond in N-chloro- N′-( p-fluorophenyl)-benzamidine crystal at 17.5 K. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Very low temperature can preserve the photolabile N–Cl bond in a N-chloro-N-benzamidine derivative long enough to carry on an accurate experimental X-ray charge density study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Destro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Barzaghi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Soave
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze E Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Roversi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Leicester Institute of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7HR, UK
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
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7
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Micheluz A, Angelin EM, Lopes JA, Melo MJ, Pamplona M. Discoloration of Historical Plastic Objects: New Insight into the Degradation of β-Naphthol Pigment Lakes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2278. [PMID: 34301037 PMCID: PMC8309268 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is a determining factor in the discoloration of plastics, and photodegradation processes can affect the molecular structures of both the polymer and colorants. Limited studies focused on the discoloration of heritage plastics in conservation science. This work investigated the discoloration of red historical polyethylene (PE) objects colored with PR 48:2 and PR 53:1. High-density and low-density PE reference polymers, neat pigment powders, and historical samples were assessed before and after accelerated photoaging. The applied methodology provided insight into the individual light-susceptibility of polyethylenes, organic pigment lakes, and their combined effect in the photoaging of historical plastic formulations. After light exposure, both PE references and historical samples yellowed, PR53:1 faded, and PR 48:2 darkened; however, both organic pigments faded severely in the historical samples. This highlights the role played by the plastic binder likely facilitating the pigment photofading. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry techniques-EGA-MS, PY-GC/MS, and TD-GC/MS-were successfully employed for characterizing the plastic formulations and degradation. The identification of phthalic compounds in both aged β-naphthol powders opens new venues for studies on their degradation. This work's approach and analytical methods in studying the discoloration of historical plastics are novel, proving their efficacy, reliability, and potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Micheluz
- Conservation Science Department, Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany;
| | - Eva Mariasole Angelin
- Department of Conservation and Restoration and LAQV-REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - João Almeida Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa-Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Melo
- Department of Conservation and Restoration and LAQV-REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Marisa Pamplona
- Conservation Science Department, Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany;
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8
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Bertrand L, Thoury M, Gueriau P, Anheim É, Cohen S. Deciphering the Chemistry of Cultural Heritage: Targeting Material Properties by Coupling Spectral Imaging with Image Analysis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2823-2832. [PMID: 34143613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemical study of materials from natural history and cultural heritage, which provide information for art history, archeology, or paleontology, presents a series of specific challenges. The complexity of these ancient and historical materials, which are chemically heterogeneous, the product of alteration processes, and inherently not reproducible, is a major obstacle to a thorough understanding of their making and long-term behavior (e.g., fossilization). These challenges required the development of methodologies and instruments coupling imaging and data processing approaches that are optimized for the specific properties of the materials. This Account discusses how these characteristics not only constrain their study but also open up specific innovative avenues for providing key historical information. Synchrotron methods have extensively been used since the late 1990s to study heritage objects, in particular for their potential to provide speciation information from excitation spectroscopies and to image complex heritage objects and samples in two and three dimensions at high resolution. We examine in practice how the identification of key intrinsic chemical specificities has offered fertile ground for the development of novel synchrotron approaches allowing a better stochastic description of the properties of ancient and historical materials. These developments encompass three main aspects: (1) The multiscale heterogeneity of these materials can provide an essential source of information in the development of probes targeting their multiple scales of homogeneity. (2) Chemical alteration can be described in many ways, e.g., by segmenting datasets in a semiquantitative way to jointly inform morphological and chemical transformation pathways. (3) The intrinsic individuality of chemical signatures in artifacts triggers the development of specific strategies, such as those focusing on weak signal detection. We propose a rereading of the advent of these new methodologies for analysis and characterization and examine how they have led to innovative strategies combining materials science, instrument development, history, and data science. In particular, we show that spectral imaging and the search for correlations in image datasets have provided a powerful way to address what archeologists have called the uncertainty and ambiguity of the material record. This approach has implications beyond synchrotron techniques and extends in particular to a series of rapidly developing approaches that couple spectral and spatial information, as in hyperspectral imaging and spatially resolved mass spectrometry. The preeminence of correlations holds promise for the future development of machine learning methods for processing data on historical objects. Beyond heritage, these developments are an original source of inspiration for the study of materials in many related fields, such as environmental, geochemical, or life sciences, which deal with systems whose alteration and heterogeneity cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathieu Thoury
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ministère de la culture, UVSQ, MNHN, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Pierre Gueriau
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Geopolis, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Étienne Anheim
- Centre de recherches historiques, EHESS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Serge Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ministère de la culture, UVSQ, MNHN, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France
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