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Li J, Shi J, Wang Y, Yao H, Meng L, Liu H. An elaborate biomolecular keypad lock based on electrochromism of viologen derivatives and bioelectrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 at supramolecular hydrogel film electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115560. [PMID: 37542980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the short peptide N-fluorenemethoxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) was used to immobilize both diallyl viologen (DAV) and the enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH) to form Fmoc-FF/DAV/FDH supramolecular hydrogel films on an electrode surface by a simple solvent-controlled self-assembly method. The DAV component in the films exhibited multiple properties, such as electrochromism and electrofluorochromism, and acted as an electrochemical mediator. A high efficiency of bioelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate (HCOO-) was obtained by the natural FDH enzyme and the artificial coenzyme factor DAV both immobilized in the same films. The supramolecular hydrogel films with CO2, voltage and light as stimulating factors and current, fluorescence and UV-vis extinction as responsive signals, were further applied for the construction of complex biomolecular logic systems and information encryption. A 3-input/7-output biomolecular logic gate and several logic devices, including an encoder/decoder, a parity checker, and a keypad lock, were constructed. Especially, the biomolecular keypad lock with 3 types of signals as outputs significantly enhanced the security level of information encryption. In this work, a supramolecular self-assembly interface was simply fabricated with complex biomolecular computational functions using immobilized molecules as the computational core, greatly broadening the application range of supramolecular hydrogel films and providing an idea for new designs of bioinformation encryption through the use of a simple film system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Yao
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingchen Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Pan J, Deng F, Liu Z, Zeng L, Chen J. Construction of molecular logic gates using heavy metal ions as inputs based on catalytic hairpin assembly and CRISPR-Cas12a. Talanta 2023; 255:124210. [PMID: 36566557 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We successfully constructed several molecular logic gates using heavy metal ions as inputs based on catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and CRISPR-Cas12a. The corresponding DNAzymes were used to recognize heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+). The specific cleavage between heavy metal ions and DNAzymes leads to the release of the trigger DNA, which can be used to activate CHA through logic computation. The CHA-generated DNA duplexes contain the protospacer adjacent motifs (PAM) sequence, which can be distinguished by CRISPR-Cas12a. The hybridization interactions between the duplexes and gRNA will activate the trans-cleavage capability of Cas12a, which can cleave the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) reporter. The separation of the fluorescence group and quench group in ssDNA will generate a high fluorescence signal for readout. Using Hg2+ and Cd2+ as the two inputs, several basic logic gates were constructed, including OR, AND, and INHIBT. Using Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+ as the four inputs, cascaded logic gates were further fabricated. With the advantages of scalability, versatility, and logic computing capability, our proposed molecular logic gates can provide an intelligent sensing system for heavy metal ions monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Fang Deng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lingwen Zeng
- Guangdong Langyuan Biotechnology Co., LTD, Foshan, 528313, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Junhua Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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3
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Yan Y, Zhou F, Wang Q, Huang Y. A sensitive electrochemical biosensor for quinolones detection based on Cu2+-modulated signal amplification. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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4
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Cascaded molecular logic gates using antibiotics as inputs based on exonuclease III and DNAzyme. Talanta 2023; 252:123832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Qi M, Shi P, Zhang X, Cui S, Liu Y, Zhou S, Zhang Q. Reconfigurable DNA triplex structure for pH responsive logic gates †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9864-9870. [PMID: 36998523 PMCID: PMC10043996 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA triplex is a special DNA structure often used as a logic gate substrate due to its high stability, programmability, and pH responsiveness. However, multiple triplex structures with different C−G−C+ proportions must be introduced into existing triplex logic gates due to the numerous logic calculations involved. This requirement complicates circuit design and results in many reaction by-products, greatly restricting the construction of large-scale logic circuits. Thus, we designed a new reconfigurable DNA triplex structure (RDTS) and constructed the pH-responsive logic gates through its conformational change that uses two types of logic calculations, ‘AND’ and ‘OR’. The use of these logic calculations necessitates fewer substrates, further enhancing the extensibility of the logic circuit. This result is expected to promote the development of the triplex in molecular computing and facilitate the completion of large-scale computing networks. We constructed pH-responsive logic gates through substrate conformational change that uses two types of logic calculations, ‘AND’ and ‘OR’. Our logic gates necessitate fewer substrates when two types of logic calculations are needed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Software Engineering, Dalian UniversityDalian 116622China
| | - Peijun Shi
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China
| | - Shuang Cui
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China
| | - Shihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Software Engineering, Dalian UniversityDalian 116622China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Software Engineering, Dalian UniversityDalian 116622China
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Lu JY, Jiang Q, Lei JJ, He YX, Huang WT. Molecular ‘email’: Electrochemical aptasensing of fish pathogens, molecular information encoding, encryption and hiding applications. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1232:340483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Pei Y, Bian T, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xie Y, Song J. Single-Molecule Resettable DNA Computing via Magnetic Tweezers. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3003-3010. [PMID: 35357200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA-based Boolean logic computing has emerged as a leading technique in biosensing, diagnosis, and therapeutics. Due to the development of the biological and chemical methods, especially the toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement (TMSD) reaction, different logic gates as well as circuits can be performed. However, most of these methods have been conducted at the bulk level, which may lead to missing information and be less controllable. Herein, we engineered single-molecule DNA computing controlled by stretching forces using magnetic tweezers. By tracking the real-time signals of the DNA extension, the output can be determined at a single base-pair resolution. A kinetics-controllable TMSD reaction was realized in the range of a ∼19-fold change of the reaction rate by different stretching forces. OR, AND, and NOT gates were also achieved. In addition, resettable DNA computing using force stretching cycles has been further exemplified. Overall, such a real-time, label-free, and force-controlled single-molecule DNA computing system provided new insight into molecular computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Tianyuan Bian
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine (AMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jie Song
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Wei W, Li J, Yao H, Liu H. A molecular keypad lock with 3-output signals built on stimulus-responsive polymer film electrodes containing diallyl viologen. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Cai Z, Fu Y, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Gu W, Li Z, Wu S, Gao F. Multitarget Reaction Programmable Automatic Diagnosis and Treatment Logic Device. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19150-19164. [PMID: 34698495 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and precise and effective treatment are currently the two magic weapons for dealing with cancer. However, a single marker is often associated with multiple cellular events, which is not conducive to accurate diagnosis, and overly mild treatment methods often make the treatment effect unsatisfactory. In this paper, we construct a Au/Pd octopus nanoparticle-DNA nanomachine (Au/Pd ONP-DNA nanomachine) as a fully automatic diagnosis and treatment logic system. In this system, multiple DNA components are targeting detection units, Au/Pd ONPs act as carriers, and Au/Pd ONPs with an 808 nm laser is the treatment unit. In order to achieve the purpose of precise treatment, we will detect two secondary markers under the premise of detecting one major tumor marker. When all of the designated targets are detected (the logic system input is (1, 1, 1), and the output is (1, 1)), the 808 nm laser can be programmed to automatically radiate tumors and perform photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that this logic system not only can accurately identify tumor cells but also has considerable therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqiang Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wandong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyue Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
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10
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Xing C, Zheng X, Zhang Q. Constructing DNA logic circuits based on the toehold preemption mechanism. RSC Adv 2021; 12:338-345. [PMID: 35424506 PMCID: PMC8978688 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strand displacement technology and ribozyme digestion technology have enriched the intelligent toolbox of molecular computing and provided more methods for the construction of DNA logic circuits. In recent years, DNA logic circuits have developed rapidly, and their scalability and accuracy in molecular computing and information processing have been fully demonstrated. However, existing DNA logic circuits still have some problems such as high complexity of DNA strands (number of DNA strands) hindering the expansion of practical computing tasks. In view of the above problems, we presented a toehold preemption mechanism and applied it to construct DNA logic circuits using E6-type DNAzymes, such as half adder circuit, half subtractor circuit, and 4-bit square root logic circuit. Different from the dual-track logic expressions, all the signals in the circuits of this study were monorail which substantially reduced the number of DNA strands in the DNA logic circuits. The presented preemption mechanism provides a way to simplify the implementation of large and complex DNA integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Xing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education Dalian 116622 China
| | - Xuedong Zheng
- College of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang 110136 China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Ministry of Education Dalian 116622 China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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11
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Xu S, Liu Y, Zhou S, Zhang Q, Kasabov NK. DNA Matrix Operation Based on the Mechanism of the DNAzyme Binding to Auxiliary Strands to Cleave the Substrate. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1797. [PMID: 34944442 PMCID: PMC8698824 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerical computation is a focus of DNA computing, and matrix operations are among the most basic and frequently used operations in numerical computation. As an important computing tool, matrix operations are often used to deal with intensive computing tasks. During calculation, the speed and accuracy of matrix operations directly affect the performance of the entire computing system. Therefore, it is important to find a way to perform matrix calculations that can ensure the speed of calculations and improve the accuracy. This paper proposes a DNA matrix operation method based on the mechanism of the DNAzyme binding to auxiliary strands to cleave the substrate. In this mechanism, the DNAzyme binding substrate requires the connection of two auxiliary strands. Without any of the two auxiliary strands, the DNAzyme does not cleave the substrate. Based on this mechanism, the multiplication operation of two matrices is realized; the two types of auxiliary strands are used as elements of the two matrices, to participate in the operation, and then are combined with the DNAzyme to cut the substrate and output the result of the matrix operation. This research provides a new method of matrix operations and provides ideas for more complex computing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Shihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Nikola K. Kasabov
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
- Intelligent Systems Research Center, Ulster University, Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
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12
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Chen L, Chen W, Liu G, Li J, Lu C, Li J, Tan W, Yang H. Nucleic acid-based molecular computation heads towards cellular applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12551-12575. [PMID: 34604889 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01508c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids, with the advantages of programmability and biocompatibility, have been widely used to design different kinds of novel biocomputing devices. Recently, nucleic acid-based molecular computing has shown promise in making the leap from the test tube to the cell. Such molecular computing can perform logic analysis within the confines of the cellular milieu with programmable modulation of biological functions at the molecular level. In this review, we summarize the development of nucleic acid-based biocomputing devices that are rationally designed and chemically synthesized, highlighting the ability of nucleic acid-based molecular computing to achieve cellular applications in sensing, imaging, biomedicine, and bioengineering. Then we discuss the future challenges and opportunities for cellular and in vivo applications. We expect this review to inspire innovative work on constructing nucleic acid-based biocomputing to achieve the goal of precisely rewiring, even reconstructing cellular signal networks in a prescribed way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Wanzhen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Guo Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Jingying Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China. .,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P. R. China.,Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
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