1
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Zhu B, Yamasaki Y, Yasuda T, Qian C, Qiu Z, Nagamine M, Ueda H, Kitaguchi T. Customizable OpenGUS immunoassay: A homogeneous detection system using β-glucuronidase switch and label-free antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 267:116796. [PMID: 39316870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
We developed a customizable OpenGUS immunoassay that enables rapid and sensitive detection of analytes without requiring antibody modification. This immunoassay employs label-free whole antibodies, an antibody-binding Z domain (ZD) derived from Staphylococcal protein A, and a β-glucuronidase (GUS) switch mutant, allowing for easy replacement of antibodies to tailor the immunoassays for various targeted antigens. The working principle is that the OpenGUS probe, the fusion protein of ZD and a GUS switch, converts the antibody-antigen interaction into GUS activation in a one-pot reaction. To enhance the signal-to-background ratio of the immunoassay, a GUS switch mutant that exhibits reduced background activation was developed by screening several additional mutations at the diagonal interface residue H514. Moreover, we optimized the composition of the reaction buffer, including organic solvents, salt, and surfactant. Under optimal conditions, we customized OpenGUS immunoassays for Cry j 1, human C-reactive protein, and human lactoferrin, achieving around 10-20-fold maximum fluorescence (15 min) or colorimetric (2 h) responses with picomolar to low nanomolar level detection limit, simply by using commercially available IgGs. Additionally, the three analytes were successfully detected in complex matrices similar to those used in practical applications. We believe that this customizable OpenGUS immunoassay will pave the way for the prompt development of rapid and sensitive homogeneous immunoassays for point-of-care diagnostics, high-throughput testing, and onsite environmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takanobu Yasuda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Cheng Qian
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zhirou Qiu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsue Nagamine
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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2
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Xie X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Mao F, He Z, Sun Z, Zhang S, Liu X. Ready-to-use ratiometric bioluminescence immunosensor for detection of ochratoxin a in pepper. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116401. [PMID: 38761743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Rapid, portable, and accurate detection tools for monitoring ochratoxin A (OTA) in food are essential for the guarantee of food safety and human health. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, this study proposed a ratiometric bioluminescence immunosensor (RBL-immunosensor) for homogeneous detection of OTA in pepper. The construct of the RBL-immunosensor consists of three components, including the large fragment of the split nanoluciferase (NanoLuc)-tagged nanobody (NLg), the small fragment of the split NanoLuc-tagged mimotope peptide heptamer (MPSm), and the calibrator luciferase (GeNL). The specific nanobody-mimotope peptide interaction between NLg and MPSm induces the reconstitution of the NanoLuc, which catalyzes the Nano-Glo substrate and produces a blue emission peak at 458 nm. Meanwhile, GeNL can produce a green emission peak at 518 nm upon substrate conversion via bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET). Therefore, the concentration of OTA can be linked to the variation of the bioluminescence signal (λ458/λ518) measured by microplate reader and the variation of the blue/green ratio measured by smartphone via the competitive immunoreaction where OTA competes with MPSm to bind NLg. The immunosensor is ready-to-use and works by simply mixing the components in a one-step incubation of 10 min for readout. It has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.98 ng/mL by a microplate reader and an LOD of 1.89 ng/mL by a smartphone. Good selectivity and accuracy were confirmed for the immunosensor by cross-reaction analysis and recovery experiments. The contents of OTA in 10 commercial pepper powder samples were tested by the RBL-immunosensor and validated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Hence, the ready-to-use RBL-immunosensor was demonstrated as a highly reliable tool for detection of OTA in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fujing Mao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenyun He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sihang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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3
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van Aalen EA, Lurvink JJJ, Vermeulen L, van Gerven B, Ni Y, Arts R, Merkx M. Turning Antibodies into Ratiometric Bioluminescent Sensors for Competition-Based Homogeneous Immunoassays. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1401-1409. [PMID: 38380622 PMCID: PMC10964239 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Here we present LUCOS (Luminescent Competition Sensor), a modular and broadly applicable bioluminescent diagnostic platform enabling the detection of both small molecules and protein biomarkers. The construction of LUCOS sensors entails the covalent and site-specific coupling of a bioluminescent sensor component to an analyte-specific antibody via protein G-mediated photoconjugation. Target detection is accomplished through intramolecular competition with a tethered analyte competitor for antibody binding. We established two variants of LUCOS: an inherent ratiometric LUCOSR variant and an intensiometric LUCOSI version, which can be used for ratiometric detection upon the addition of a split calibrator luciferase. To demonstrate the versatility of the LUCOS platform, sensors were developed for the detection of the small molecule cortisol and the protein biomarker NT-proBNP. Sensors for both targets displayed analyte-dependent changes in the emission ratio and enabled detection in the micromolar concentration range (KD,app = 16-92 μM). Furthermore, we showed that the response range of the LUCOS sensor can be adjusted by attenuating the affinity of the tethered NT-proBNP competitor, which enabled detection in the nanomolar concentration range (KD,app = 317 ± 26 nM). Overall, the LUCOS platform offers a highly versatile and easy method to convert commercially available monoclonal antibodies into bioluminescent biosensors that provide a homogeneous alternative for the competitive immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A. van Aalen
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Joep J. J. Lurvink
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Leandra Vermeulen
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Benice van Gerven
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Ni
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Arts
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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4
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Yu J, Zhao K, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ren H. Development of a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer Quenchbody sensor for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in water bodies. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121051. [PMID: 38157605 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and precise quantification of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in environmental water bodies is crucial for evaluating ecological risks and safeguarding human health. Traditional instrumental methods are complex, time-consuming, and expensive, while enzyme-based biosensors suffer from instability and require a constant supply of substrates. Hence, there is an urgent need for a fast, simple, and sensitive biosensor for OPPs. In this study, we developed a novel non-enzymatic biosensor for the detection of methyl parathion (MP) by employing the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) Q-body strategy. Optimizing the spacer arm and screening fluorescent dyes identified the R6G BRET MP Q-body sensor with the best performance. Key parameters affecting the sensor's detection performance were optimized by using single-factor experiments. Under optimal conditions, the detection exhibited a detection limit of 5.09 ng·mL-1 and a linear range of 16.21-848.81 ng·mL-1. The sensor's accuracy was validated using standard recovery experiments, yielding a recovery rate of 84.47 %-102.08 % with a standard deviation of 1.93 %-9.25 %. The detection results of actual water samples demonstrate that this fast, simple, and highly sensitive BRET Q-body sensor holds great promise for practical water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kanglin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhanao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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5
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Sasamoto K, Yasuda T, Zhu B, Ueda H, Kitaguchi T. Efficient and rapid linker optimization with heterodimeric coiled coils improves the response of fluorescent biosensors comprising antibodies and protein M. Analyst 2023; 148:5843-5850. [PMID: 37941425 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
We developed a coiled Q-probe (CQ-probe), a fluorescent probe containing a coiled-coil peptide pair E4/K4, to convert antibodies into biosensors for homogeneous immunoassays. This probe consists of an antibody-binding protein, protein M (PM) with the E4 peptide and the K4 peptide with a fluorescent dye. Compared to PM Q-probes, which are generated by modifying the C-terminus of PM with a fluorescent dye, CQ-probe variants with various linkers are easy to prepare and therefore enable the establishment of biosensors with a significant fluorescence response by localizing the fluorescent dye at the optimal position for quenching and antigen-dependent release. The fluorescence changes of biosensors converted from anti-BGP, anti-cortisol, and anti-testosterone antibodies using the rhodamine 6G (or TAMRA)-labeled CQ-probe upon antigen addition were 13 (or 2.6), 9.7 (or 1.5), and 2.1 (or 1.2) times larger than that of the biosensors converted using the PM Q-probe. Furthermore, the CQ-probe converted anti-digoxin IgG into a functional biosensor, whereas the PM Q-probe/antibody complex showed an insufficient response. This technology exhibits a promising capacity to convert antibodies into high-response biosensors, which are expected to be applied in a wide range of fields, including clinical diagnosis, environmental surveys, food analysis, and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sasamoto
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yasuda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
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6
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Jeong HJ. Quenchbodies That Enable One-Pot Detection of Antigens: A Structural Perspective. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1262. [PMID: 38002387 PMCID: PMC10669387 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quenchbody (Q-body) is a unique, reagentless, fluorescent antibody whose fluorescent intensity increases in an antigen-concentration-dependent manner. Q-body-based homogeneous immunoassay is superior to conventional immunoassays as it does not require multiple immobilization, reaction, and washing steps. In fact, simply mixing the Q-body and the sample containing the antigen enables the detection of the target antigen. To date, various Q-bodies have been developed to detect biomarkers of interest, including haptens, peptides, proteins, and cells. This review sought to describe the principle of Q-body-based immunoassay and the use of Q-body for various immunoassays. In particular, the Q-bodies were classified from a structural perspective to provide useful information for designing Q-bodies with an appropriate objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong-si 30016, Republic of Korea
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7
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Gaviria-Arroyave MI, Arango JP, Barrientos Urdinola K, Cano JB, Peñuela Mesa GA. Fluorescent nanostructured carbon dot-aptasensor for chlorpyrifos detection: Elucidating the interaction mechanism for an environmentally hazardous pollutant. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341711. [PMID: 37709453 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a commonly used insecticide found in many water sources and is related to several health and environmental effects. Biosensors based on aptamers (single-stranded nucleic acid oligonucleotides) are promising alternatives to achieve the detection of CPF and other pesticides in natural waters. However, several challenges need to be addressed to promote the real application of functional aptasensing devices. In this work, an ssDNA aptamer (S1) is combined with carbon quantum dots (CD) and graphene oxide (GO) to produce a stable fluorescent aptasensor characterized through spectrophotometric and electrophoretic techniques. For a deeper understanding of the system, the mechanism of molecular interaction was studied through docking modeling using free bioinformatic tools like HDOCK, showing that the stem-loops and the higher guanine (G) content are crucial for better interaction. The model also suggests the possibility of generating a truncated aptamer to improve the binding affinity. The biosensor was evaluated for CPF detection, showing a low LOD of 0.01 μg L-1 and good specificity in tap water, even compared to other organophosphates pesticides (OPs) like profenofos. Finally, the recovery of the proposed aptasensor was evaluated in some natural water using spiked samples and compared with UPLC MS-MS chromatography as the gold standard, showing a good recovery above 2.85 nM and evidencing the need of protecting ssDNA aptamers from an erratic interaction with the aromatic groups of dissolved organic matter (humic substances). This work paves the way for a better aptasensors design and the on-site implementation of novel devices for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pablo Arango
- GIBEC Research Group, Life Sciences Faculty, Universidad EIA, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Bernardo Cano
- GIMEL Research Group. Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
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8
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Li J, Wang N, Xiong M, Dai M, Xie C, Wang Q, Quan K, Zhou Y, Qing Z. A Reaction-Based Ratiometric Bioluminescent Platform for Point-of-Care and Quantitative Detection Using a Smartphone. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7142-7149. [PMID: 37122064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have emerged as powerful tools for the detection of different analytes by virtue of structural tenability. However, the requirement of an excitation source largely hinders their applicability in point-of-care detection, as well as causing autofluorescence interference in complex samples. Herein, based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), we developed a reaction-based ratiometric bioluminescent platform, which allows the excitation-free detection of analytes. The platform has a modular design consisting of a NanoLuc-HaloTag fusion as an energy donor, to which a synthetic fluorescent probe is bioorthogonally labeled as recognition moiety and energy acceptor. Once activated by the target, the fluorescent probe can be excited by NanoLuc to generate a remarkable BRET signal, resulting in obvious color changes of luminescence, which can be easily recorded and quantitatively analyzed by a smartphone. As a proof of concept, a fluorescent probe for HOCl was synthesized to construct the bioluminescent system. Results demonstrated the system showed a constant blue/red emission ratio which is independent to the signal intensity, allowing the quantification of HOCl concentration with high sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) = 13 nM) and accuracy. Given the universality, this reaction-based bioluminescent platform holds great potential for point-of-care and quantitative detection of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Xiong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Quan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, People's Republic of China
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9
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Beyond luciferase-luciferin system: Modification, improved imaging and biomedical application. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Ren H. Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Inorganic Phosphates in the Water Environment by Biosensors Based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4904-4913. [PMID: 36942460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The accurate detection of phosphate in water is very important to prevent water eutrophication and ensure the health of water quality. However, traditional phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometry is not sensitive, is time-consuming, and demands large amounts of chemical reagents. Therefore, highly sensitive, rapid, and environmentally friendly Pi detection methods are urgently needed. Here, we developed a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensor, which can detect Pi in water quickly, highly sensitively, and highly selectively. The NanoLuc and the Venus fluorescent protein were selected as the bioluminescence donor and energy acceptor, respectively. The best-performing BRET sensor variant, VenusΔC10-PΔC12-ΔN4Nluc, was identified by Pi-specific binding protein (PiBP) screening and systematic truncation. Single-factor experiments optimized the key parameters affecting the detection performance of the sensor. Under the optimal detection conditions, the detection limit of this method was 1.3 μg·L-1, the detection range was 3.3-434 μg·L-1, and it had excellent selectivity, repeatability, and stability. This low-cost and environment-friendly BRET sensor showed a good application prospect in real water quality detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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11
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Immunosensor for realtime monitoring of the expression of recombinant proteins during bioprocess. Anal Biochem 2023; 665:115069. [PMID: 36716945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant protein expression and purification are crucial in modern life sciences research. A fluorescent immunosensor termed Quenchbody (Q-body) was developed for real-time monitoring of FLAG-fused protein expression. Detection results showed that the limit of detection of the 3 × FLAG peptide detected by the TAMRA-labeled anti-FLAG Q-body was as low as 3.1 nM, with a half-maximal effective concentration of 21.4 nM. Furthermore, the anti-FLAG Q-body was used for detecting different proteins fused with a FLAG-tag at the N- or C-terminal. Subsequently, the constructed Q-body was used to monitor the real-time fermentation process of single-strand DNA-binding protein in Escherichia coli. Unlike previously reported Q-bodies that widely used Fab or scFv, the present study used a full-length anti-FLAG IgG for the first time. Owing to its excellent detection speed and sensitivity, the FLAG Q-body immunosensor has the potential to quantify and monitor target recombinant proteins in multiple biological processes in real-time.
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12
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Rani AQ, Zhu B, Ueda H, Kitaguchi T. Recent progress in homogeneous immunosensors based on fluorescence or bioluminescence using antibody engineering. Analyst 2023; 148:1422-1429. [PMID: 36916979 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous immunosensors integrate the advantages of both biosensors and immunoassays; they include speed, high sensitivity, and accuracy. They have been developed rapidly in the past few years and offer a cost-effective alternative technology with rapidity, sensitivity, and user-friendliness, which has been applied in a wide variety of applications. This review introduces the current directions of immunosensor development, focusing on fluorescent and bioluminescent immunosensors and highlighting the advantages, improvements, and key approaches to overcome the limitations of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qawee Rani
- Moon Creative Lab Inc., 3-10-5 Kitaaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0061, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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13
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Zhu B, Qian C, Tang H, Kitaguchi T, Ueda H. Creating a Thermostable β-Glucuronidase Switch for Homogeneous Immunoassay by Disruption of Conserved Salt Bridges at Diagonal Interfaces. Biochemistry 2023; 62:309-317. [PMID: 35849118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase (GUS) has been used as a reporter enzyme in molecular biology and engineered as an enzyme switch for the development of homogeneous biosensors. In this study, we developed a thermostable GUS enzyme switch based on the thermostable GUS mutant TR3337 by disrupting a conserved salt bridge (H514-E523) between the diagonal subunits of its homotetramer. A combinatorial library (240 variants) was screened using a novel high-throughput strategy, which led to the identification of mutant DLW (H514D/M516L/Y517W) as a functional enzyme switch in a caffeine-recognizing immunosensor. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to predict the topology change around position 514, and a side-chain flip of D514 (repulsion with E523) was observed in the DLW mutant. Up to 1.8-fold of signal-to-background ratio was confirmed when measured at up to 45 °C, thereby highlighting the DLW mutant as a versatile tool for developing thermostable immunosensors for in vitro and in cellulo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Cheng Qian
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Haoxuan Tang
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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Wu Y, Jiang T. Developments in FRET- and BRET-Based Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13101789. [PMID: 36296141 PMCID: PMC9610962 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Resonance energy transfer technologies have achieved great success in the field of analysis. Particularly, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) provide strategies to design tools for sensing molecules and monitoring biological processes, which promote the development of biosensors. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress on FRET- and BRET-based biosensors and their roles in biomedicine, environmental applications, and synthetic biology. This review highlights FRET- and BRET-based biosensors and gives examples of their applications with their design strategies. The limitations of their applications and the future directions of their development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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15
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Mujawar A, De A. In Vivo Assessment of Protein-Protein Interactions Using BRET Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:239-257. [PMID: 35836073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play an important part in almost all life activities and across all organisms. Proteins occasionally act on their own but rather fulfill most of their biological tasks by cooperating with other proteins or ligand molecules. The bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay serves to measure dynamic events such as protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions in vitro or in-vivo. With several inherent attributes such as rapid and fairly sensitive ratio-metric measurements, assessment of interactions irrespective of protein location within the cellular compartment, cost-effectiveness consenting to high-throughput screening compatibility, makes BRET a popular genetic reporter-based assay system for protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies. Based on the Förster principle, BRET allows to judge if the proximity has been achieved between the interacting partners. In recent years, the BRET application has emerged as a significantly versatile assay format by using multiple detection devices such as a plate reader or in-vivo optical imaging platform, or even a bioluminescence microscope has expanded its scope for advancing PPI studies. Beyond the scope of quantitative measurement of PPIs, molecular optical imaging applications based on BRET assay have expanded the scope for screening pharmacological compounds by unifying live cell and in-vivo animal-/plant-based experiments using the same platform technology. In this chapter, we have given intricate methodological details for performing in-vitro and in-vivo BRET experiments, primarily by using donor/acceptor reporter protein combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaiyas Mujawar
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Inoue A, Yasuda T, Zhu B, Kitaguchi T, Murakami A, Ueda H. Evaluation and selection of potent fluorescent immunosensors by combining fluorescent peptide and nanobodies displayed on yeast surface. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22590. [PMID: 34799644 PMCID: PMC8604967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Quenchbody (Q-body) is a quench-based fluorescent immunosensor labeled with fluorescent dye(s) near the antigen-binding site of an antibody. Q-bodies can detect a range of target molecules rapidly and directly. However, because Q-bodies show different antigen responses depending on the antibody used, time-consuming optimization of the Q-body structure is often necessary, and a high-throughput screening method for discriminating and selecting good Q-bodies is required. Here, we aimed to develop a molecular display method of nanobody-based “mini Q-bodies” by combining yeast surface display and coiled-coil forming E4/K4 peptide-based fluorescence labeling. As a result, the yeast-displayed mini Q-body recognizing the anti-cancer agent methotrexate (MTX) showed significant quenching and MTX-dependent dequenching on cells. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed method to select highly responsive mini Q-bodies, a small nanobody library consisting of 30 variants that recognize human serum albumin was used as a model. The best variant, showing a 2.4-fold signal increase, was obtained through selection by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the same nanobody prepared from Escherichia coli also worked as a mini Q-body after dye labeling. The described approach will be applied to quickly obtain well-behaved Q-bodies and other fluorescent biosensors for various targets through directed evolutionary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Inoue
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-18 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yasuda
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-18 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Akikazu Murakami
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.,RePHAGEN Co., Ltd., Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2234, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.
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Construction of Fluorescent Immunosensor Quenchbody to Detect His-Tagged Recombinant Proteins Produced in Bioprocess. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21154993. [PMID: 34372230 PMCID: PMC8347774 DOI: 10.3390/s21154993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread application of recombinant DNA technology, many useful substances are produced by bioprocesses. For the monitoring of the recombinant protein production process, most of the existing technologies are those for the culture environment (pH, O2, etc.). However, the production status of the target protein can only be known after the subsequent separation and purification process. To speed up the monitoring of the production process and screening of the higher-yield target protein variants, here we developed an antibody-based His-tag sensor Quenchbody (Q-body), which can quickly detect the C-terminally His-tagged recombinant protein produced in the culture medium. Compared with single-chain Fv-based Q-body having one dye, the Fab-based Q-body having two dyes showed a higher response. In addition, not only was fluorescence response improved but also detection sensitivity by the mutations of tyrosine to tryptophan in the heavy chain CDR region. Moreover, the effect of the mutations on antigen-binding was successfully validated by molecular docking simulation by CDOCKER. Finally, the constructed Q-body was successfully applied to monitor the amount of anti-SARS CoV-2 nanobody secreted into the Brevibacillus culture media.
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