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Ren X, Tian Z, Gao X, Ai Y, Li M, Zhang B, Zou G. Finely-Tuning Chemiluminescent Color of CdTe Nanocrystals and Its Application for Near-Infrared Semi-Automatic Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7643-7650. [PMID: 38708712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL), especially commercialized CL immunoassay (CLIA), is normally performed within the eye-visible region of the spectrum by exploiting the electronic-transition-related emission of the molecule luminophore. Herein, dual-stabilizers-capped CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) is employed as a model of nanoparticulated luminophore to finely tune the CL color with superior color purity. Initialized by oxidizing the CdTe NCs with potassium periodate (KIO4), intermediates of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) tend to charge CdTe NCs in both series-connection and parallel-connection routes and dominate the charge-transfer CL of CdTe NCs. The CdTe NCs/KIO4 system can exhibit color-tunable CL with the maximum emission wavelength shifted from 694 nm to 801 nm, and the red-shift span is over 100 nm. Both PL and CL of each of the CdTe NCs are bandgap-engineered; the change in the NCs surface state via CL reaction enables CL of each of the CdTe NCs to be red-shifted for ∼20 nm to PL, while the change in the NCs surface state via labeling CdTe NCs to secondary-antibody (Ab2) enables CL of the CdTe NCs-Ab2 conjugates to be red-shifted for another ∼20 nm to bare CdTe NCs. The CL of CdTe753-Ab2/KIO4 is ∼791 nm, which can perform near-infrared CL immunoassay and semi-automatically determined procalcitonin (PCT) on commercialized in vitro diagnosis (IVD) instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhijian Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yaojia Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mengwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Rao Q, Zhou J, Su Y, Zhang L, Feng Y, Lv Y. Near-Infrared Catalytic Chemiluminescence System based on Zinc Gallate Nanoprobe for Hydrazine Sensing. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6373-6380. [PMID: 38600879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
To the deep tissue penetration and ultra-low background, developing near-infrared (NIR) chemiluminescence probes for human health and environmental safety has attracted more and more attention, but it remains a huge challenge. Herein, a novel NIR chemiluminescence (CL) system was rationally designed and developed, utilizing Cr3+-activated ZnGa2O4 (ZGC) nanoparticles as a catalytic luminophore via hypochlorite (NaClO) activation for poisonous target (hydrazine, N2H4) detection. With superior optical performance and unique catalytic structure of ZGC nanoparticles, the fabricated ZGC-NaClO-N2H4 CL system successfully demonstrated excellent NIR emission centered at 700 nm, fast response, and high sensibility (limit of detection down to 0.0126 μM). Further experimental studies and theoretical calculations found the cooperative catalytic chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer mechanism in the ZGC-NaClO-N2H4 system. Remarkably, the ZGC-based NIR CL system was further employed for N2H4 detection in a complicated matrix involving bioimaging and real water samples, thereby opening a new way as a highly reliable and accurate tool in biomedical and environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Rao
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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Lin Z, Cai C, Chen W, Deng Q, Yang J, Huang K, Deng H, Lin X, Chen W, Yao W. Micelle-mediated chemiluminescence of 6-aza-2-thiothymine-protected gold nanoclusters for carbazochrome sodium sulfonate detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123738. [PMID: 38086230 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of luminol-H2O2 system was dramatically enhanced by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle-mediated 6-aza-2-thiothymine-protected gold nanoclusters (ATT-AuNCs). It is proved that spherical micelles of CTAB in aqueous solution improved the dispersity of ATT-AuNCs, thus enhancing their catalytic activity, which brought in the increased CL intensity of luminol-H2O2 system. Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (CSS) with a hemostatic containing tetrahydroindole structure broke the spherical micelles and notably quenched the CL intensity of luminol-H2O2-CTAB-ATT AuNCs system. Based on these results, a simple, fast, and sensitive CL method has been developed for the detection of CSS with a linear range of 0.25-25 μM and a detection limit of 0.11 μM. The method has also been successfully applied to the determination of CSS in serum with satisfied recoveries in the range of 89.6 % to 103.7 %. This study not only provides an effective approach for CSS detection but also paves the way for AuNCs-based CL applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Chuangui Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Wensong Yao
- College of Medical Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China.
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Qin X, Jahanghiri S, Zhan Z, Chu K, Khangura J, Ding Z. Quantification strategy of absolute chemiluminescence efficiency for systems of luminol with hydrogen peroxide. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:342023. [PMID: 38057060 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
An important feature to be determined in mechanistic studies on chemiluminescence (CL) is its quantum efficiency, which can give significant chemical reaction information on the influence of the reactant structures and reaction conditions. However, most of the previous quantitative measurements of luminescence and quantum efficiencies are complex and incomplete. To overcome the inconvenience and underestimated quantum efficiency in each measurement, we report a simple and highly effective strategy to determine the absolute CL quantum efficiencies for three systems of luminol with hydrogen peroxide by means of a spectrometer along with an integrating sphere. The integrating sphere facilitated collection of all the emitted light and then transferred it to the spectrometer via an optical fiber proportionally. The CL quantum efficiency was determined by taking the ratio of total photons generated in the reaction system to the number of the limiting reactant molecules consumed. Absolute CL efficiencies of three luminol-H2O2 reaction systems with varied reactant concentrations or coreactants were found to be 37 %, 7.0 % and 6.6 % in a time course, which are much higher than those previously reported values of 1.0-1.3 %. Due to our complete photon collection design, a higher absolute CL efficiency can be realized. Furthermore, spooling CL spectra also provided a powerful visualization tool to observe the real-time CL evolution and devolution, allowing the study on kinetics of CL reaction systems. The above investigations are anticipated to promote further development of CL methodologies and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada; College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sara Jahanghiri
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ziying Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kenneth Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jugraj Khangura
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Peng Y, Yu L, Sheng M, Wang Q, Jin Z, Huang J, Yang X. Room-Temperature Synthesized Iron/Cobalt Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets with Highly Efficient Catalytic Activity toward Luminol Chemiluminescence Reaction. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18436-18442. [PMID: 38058120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) iron/cobalt metal-organic framework nanosheets (Fe/Co-MOF NSs) were synthesized via the cooperative self-assembly reaction of Fe3+/Co2+ and terephthalic acid at room temperature. The as-prepared 2D Fe/Co-MOF NSs display superior performance in catalysis of the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between luminol and H2O2. The CL spectrum, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, radical scavenger experiments, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy are utilized to research the possible CL mechanism of the luminol-H2O2-Fe/Co-MOF NSs system. All results indicate that Fe/Co-MOF NSs present outstanding peroxidase-like activity and could catalyze H2O2 to produce 1O2, O2·-, and ·OH, which could react rapidly with the luminol anion radical and result in strong CL. With the highly efficient CL of the luminol-H2O2-Fe/Co-MOF NSs system, a sensitive sensor for the detection of dopamine (DA) is developed based on the inhibitory effect of DA on the CL intensity. Good linearity over the range of 50-800 nM is achieved with a limit of detection of 20.88 nM (S/N = 3). This research demonstrates that 2D Fe/Co-MOF NSs is a highly effective catalyst for luminol CL reaction and has great application potential in the CL field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Linying Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jianshe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiurong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
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Ren X, Gao X, Zou G. Enhanced Photon Emission of Chemiluminescent Luminophore for Ultra-Fast and Semi-Automatic Immunoassay toward Single Molecule Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8070-8076. [PMID: 37167106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical single molecule detection is normally achieved via amplifying the total emission of photons of luminophores and is strongly anticipated to extend the commercialized application of chemiluminescence (CL). To overcome the limited CL photons of molecule luminophores, herein, a nanocrystal (NC) luminophore self-amplified strategy is proposed to repetitively excite CL luminophores for amplifying the total CL photons per luminophore, which can be exploited to perform CL immunoassays (CLIAs) toward single molecule detection via employing KMnO4 as the CL triggering agent and the dual-stabilizer-capped CdTe NCs as the CL luminophore. KMnO4 can oxidize the S element from each stabilizer of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and release enough energy to excite the CdTe core for flash CL. The substantial MPA around each CdTe core enables every CdTe luminophore to be repetitively excited and give off amplified total CL photons in a self-enhanced way. The CL of CdTe NCs/KMnO4 can release all photons rapidly, and the collection of all these photons can be utilized to determine the model analyte of thyroid-stimulating hormone antigen (TSH) with a limit of detection of 5 ag/mL (S/N = 3), which is corresponding to about 2-4 TSH molecules in a 20 μL sample. The whole immunologic operating process can be terminated within 6 min. This strategy of repetitively breaking the CL reaction involving chemical bonds within one luminophore is promising for semi-automatic as well as fully automatic single molecule detection and extends the commercialized application of CL immunodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Ma G, Peng L, Zhang S, Wu K, Deng A, Li J. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay strategies based on a hexagonal Ru-MOF and MoS 2@GO nanosheets: detection of 5-fluorouracil in serum samples. Analyst 2023; 148:1694-1702. [PMID: 36916172 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a competitive-type electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was fabricated. Ruthenium(II)-metal-organic framework (Ru-MOF) nanosheets were selected to act a promising ECL luminophore using tris(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) dichloride (Ru(dcbpy)32+) as the organic ligand. The two-dimensional (2D) Ru-MOF nanosheets achieved an increased loading of Ru(dcbpy)32+ and effectively prevented leakage of the ECL emitter during application, which exhibited satisfactory ECL performance. Thin two-dimensional MoS2@GO was used to modify the electrode as the sensing platform for improving the electron transfer rate and loading more 5-FU coating antigens due to its large specific surface area and piezoelectric catalytic efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed immunosensor presented high sensitivity, a wide detection range (0.0001 ng-100 ng mL-1), a low limit of detection (0.031 pg mL-1, S/N = 3), good specificity and stability. Furthermore, the immunosensor was successfully applied for the detection of 5-FU in human serum samples with satisfactory results, proving this strategy has potential applications in bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Ma
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Lu Peng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - SunXiaoYi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
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Fu L, Liu X, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Gao X, Zou G. Coreactant-free and Near-Infrared Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay with n-Type Au Nanocrystals as Luminophores. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11934-11939. [PMID: 35976331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) bioassay is prominently carried out with the involvement of the coreactant. To remove the detrimental effects of the coreactant on the ECL of luminophores, herein, a promising ECL immunoassay strategy with biocompatible nanoparticles as the luminophore is proposed, which involves directly and electrochemically oxidizing the luminophore methionine-capped Au (Met@Au) nanocrystals (NCs) without the participation of any coreactant. Met@Au NCs are a kind of n-type nanoparticles, and they can be electrochemically injected with valence band (VB) holes around +0.80 and +1.10 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The electrochemically injected exogenous VB hole can recombine with the endogenous conduction band electron of Met@Au NCs and eventually bring out two coreactant-free and near-infrared ECL processes around 0.80 V (ECL-1) and 1.10 V (ECL-2). The intensity of coreactant-free ECL is primarily determined by the electrochemical oxidation-induced hole-injection process. ECL-2 is considerably stronger than ECL-1 and can be exploited for determining the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in a sandwich immunoassay procedure with a linear range from 0.1 to 50 pg/mL as well as a limit of detection of 0.03 pg/mL (S/N = 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Lifotronic Technology Co., Ltd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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