1
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Conrad M, Proll G, Builes-Münden E, Dietzel A, Wagner S, Gauglitz G. Tools to compare antibody gold nanoparticle conjugates for a small molecule immunoassay. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:62. [PMID: 36662292 PMCID: PMC9859872 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibody gold nanoparticle conjugates as recognition elements are essential for the overall performance of lateral flow assays. When immobilizing antibodies on gold nanoparticles, the challenge is to prevent aggregation and to ensure that the antibodies are correctly oriented so that they remain functional and their paratopes remain accessible. There are many methods available, and it is difficult to decide which one to use. To help selecting the most appropriate conjugate production method, different synthetic routes of binding antibodies to gold nanoparticles are systematically investigated for the purpose of a quantitative lateral flow test for small molecules. The direct comparison of different conjugate syntheses shows how to select a suitable conjugate for a lateral flow assay. The syntheses examined are direct adsorption of antibody, direct adsorption of reduced antibody, covalent binding to polyethylene glycol linker, and binding via biotin-streptavidin interaction. The conjugates are characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering to determine their stability. Their performance on structured lateral flow test strips is examined using calibrations for different amitriptyline concentrations. It was shown that the best conjugate for quantification of amitriptyline was realized by direct adsorption of an UV-light irradiated antibody to gold nanoparticles. The methods employed can serve as a guide for selecting the most appropriate conjugate for an application and enhance the performance of lateral flow assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Conrad
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Günther Proll
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Esteban Builes-Münden
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straße 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straße 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven Wagner
- OFFIS-Institut für Informatik, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Günter Gauglitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Boroujerdi R, Paul R, Abdelkader A. Rapid Detection of Amitriptyline in Dried Blood and Dried Saliva Samples with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8257. [PMID: 36365956 PMCID: PMC9657543 DOI: 10.3390/s22218257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is growing demand for rapid, nondestructive detection of trace-level bioactive molecules including medicines, toxins, biomolecules, and single cells, in a variety of disciplines. In recent years, surface-enhanced Raman scattering has been increasingly applied for such purposes, and this area of research is rapidly growing. Of particular interest is the detection of such compounds in dried saliva spots (DSS) and dried blood spots (DBS), often in medical scenarios, such as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and disease diagnosis. Such samples are usually analyzed using hyphenated chromatography techniques, which are costly and time consuming. Here we present for the first time a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy protocol for the detection of the common antidepressant amitriptyline (AMT) on DBS and DSS using a test substrate modified with silver nanoparticles. The validated protocol is rapid and non-destructive, with a detection limit of 95 ppb, and linear range between 100 ppb and 1.75 ppm on the SERS substrate, which covers the therapeutic window of AMT in biological fluids.
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3
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3D structured biochip for label free determinations at the point-of-need. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Conrad M, Fechner P, Proll G, Gauglitz G. Comparison of methods for quantitative biomolecular interaction analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:661-673. [PMID: 34505164 PMCID: PMC8748344 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to perform good kinetic experiments, not only the experimental conditions have to be optimized, but the evaluation procedure as well. The focus of this work is the in-depth comparison of different approaches and algorithms to determine kinetic rate constants for biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA). The different algorithms are applied not only to flawless simulated data, but also to real-world measurements. We compare five mathematical approaches for the evaluation of binding curves following pseudo-first-order kinetics with different noise levels. In addition, reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) measurements of two antibodies are evaluated to determine their binding kinetics. The advantages and disadvantages of the individual approach will be investigated and discussed in detail. In summary, we will raise awareness on how to evaluate and judge results from BIA by using different approaches rather than having to rely on “black box” closed (commercial) software packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Conrad
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Fechner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Günther Proll
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Günter Gauglitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Gauglitz G. Critical assessment of relevant methods in the field of biosensors with direct optical detection based on fibers and waveguides using plasmonic, resonance, and interference effects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3317-3349. [PMID: 32313998 PMCID: PMC7214504 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct optical detection has proven to be a highly interesting tool in biomolecular interaction analysis to be used in drug discovery, ligand/receptor interactions, environmental analysis, clinical diagnostics, screening of large data volumes in immunology, cancer therapy, or personalized medicine. In this review, the fundamental optical principles and applications are reviewed. Devices are based on concepts such as refractometry, evanescent field, waveguides modes, reflectometry, resonance and/or interference. They are realized in ring resonators; prism couplers; surface plasmon resonance; resonant mirror; Bragg grating; grating couplers; photonic crystals, Mach-Zehnder, Young, Hartman interferometers; backscattering; ellipsometry; or reflectance interferometry. The physical theories of various optical principles have already been reviewed in detail elsewhere and are therefore only cited. This review provides an overall survey on the application of these methods in direct optical biosensing. The "historical" development of the main principles is given to understand the various, and sometimes only slightly modified variations published as "new" methods or the use of a new acronym and commercialization by different companies. Improvement of optics is only one way to increase the quality of biosensors. Additional essential aspects are the surface modification of transducers, immobilization strategies, selection of recognition elements, the influence of non-specific interaction, selectivity, and sensitivity. Furthermore, papers use for reporting minimal amounts of detectable analyte terms such as value of mass, moles, grams, or mol/L which are difficult to compare. Both these essential aspects (i.e., biochemistry and the presentation of LOD values) can be discussed only in brief (but references are provided) in order to prevent the paper from becoming too long. The review will concentrate on a comparison of the optical methods, their application, and the resulting bioanalytical quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Gauglitz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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6
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Feng Y, Zheng M, Zhang X, Kang K, Kang W, Lian K, Yang J. Analysis of four antidepressants in plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with sensitive and selective derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Habibi-Kool-Gheshlaghi M, Faridbod F, Mosammam MK, Ganjali MR. Electroanalysis of Tricyclic Psychotropic Drugs using Modified Electrodes. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180917112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tricyclic psychotropic drugs are defined as a tricyclic rings of the dibenzazepine
group with the presence of sulfur and nitrogen atoms. They have been prescribed for antidepressive
therapy over the years. Due to their medical importance, many analytical methods have
been developed for their monitoring. However, benefits of electrochemical techniques such as costeffectiveness,
fast, easy operation and non-destructiveness make them appropriate analytical methods
for drug assays. Electrochemical determinations of pharmaceuticals require suitable working electrodes.
During years, many electrodes are modified by a variety of modifiers and several sensors
were developed based on them. In this regard, nanomaterials, due to their remarkable properties, are
one of the most important choices.
Objective:
Here, the application of electroanalytical methods in the determination of electroactive tricyclic
psychotropic drugs will be reviewed and the nanomaterials which are used for improvements
of the working electrodes will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Habibi-Kool-Gheshlaghi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Karami Mosammam
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Saini A, Kaur R, Singh N, Kuwar A, Kaur N. High Performance Fluorescent Turn-On Probe for Amitriptyline Based on Hybrid Nanoassembly of Organic-Inorganic Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:135-143. [PMID: 35016336 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence methods have gained enormous attention due to their ease in use, simplicity, selectivity and sensitivity. Fluorescent chemosensors respond instantly by converting molecular recognition to fluorescent signals. The consumption of pharmaceutical products by living beings is on great increase. The disposal of such compounds in the environment is a matter of great concern as these compounds enter aquatic environment and show accumulation in tissues of aquatic organisms. In the present study, we have utilized naphthalimide based receptors to fabricate organic nanoparticles (ONPs). These ONPs were used for the development of hybrid nanoassemblies, and the developed nanoassemblies were characterized with the help of transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering studies. The photophysical studies were performed and the hybrid assembly developed using receptor 2 demonstrated a turn-on fluorescence emission behavior on binding with Amitriptyline. The present sensing system acted as promising candidate for determination of Amitriptyline among other contending drug molecules. The established system can recognize Amitriptyline up to a detection limit of 48 nM in aqueous medium. Electrochemical recognition studies show binding of hybrid nanoassembly of receptor 2 with Amitriptyline with limit of detection of 21 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar, Rupanagar, Panjab 140 001, India
| | - Anil Kuwar
- School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425 001, India
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9
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Peltomaa R, Glahn-Martínez B, Benito-Peña E, Moreno-Bondi MC. Optical Biosensors for Label-Free Detection of Small Molecules. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E4126. [PMID: 30477248 PMCID: PMC6308632 DOI: 10.3390/s18124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensors are an intriguing option for the analyses of many analytes, as they offer several advantages such as high sensitivity, direct and real-time measurement in addition to multiplexing capabilities. However, development of label-free optical biosensors for small molecules can be challenging as most of them are not naturally chromogenic or fluorescent, and in some cases, the sensor response is related to the size of the analyte. To overcome some of the limitations associated with the analysis of biologically, pharmacologically, or environmentally relevant compounds of low molecular weight, recent advances in the field have improved the detection of these analytes using outstanding methodology, instrumentation, recognition elements, or immobilization strategies. In this review, we aim to introduce some of the latest developments in the field of label-free optical biosensors with the focus on applications with novel innovations to overcome the challenges related to small molecule detection. Optical label-free methods with different transduction schemes, including evanescent wave and optical fiber sensors, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and interferometry, using various biorecognition elements, such as antibodies, aptamers, enzymes, and bioinspired molecularly imprinted polymers, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Peltomaa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bettina Glahn-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María C Moreno-Bondi
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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10
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The engineered β-lactoglobulin with complementarity to the chlorpromazine chiral conformers. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Wang H, Yuan Y, Zhuo Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for Detection of N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase Based on a “Light-Switch” Molecule Combined with DNA Dendrimer. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5797-803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical
Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yali Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical
Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical
Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical
Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical
Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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12
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Freudenberger K, Hilbig U, Gauglitz G. Recent advances in therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Wang H, Yuan Y, Zhuo Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Self-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Nanorods of Tris(bipyridine) Ruthenium(II) Derivative and Its Sensing Application for Detection of N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2258-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent
and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Fenzl C, Hirsch T, Baeumner AJ. Liposomes with High Refractive Index Encapsulants as Tunable Signal Amplification Tools in Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11157-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fenzl
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry,
Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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