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Kummari S, Panicker LR, Rao Bommi J, Karingula S, Sunil Kumar V, Mahato K, Goud KY. Trends in Paper-Based Sensing Devices for Clinical and Environmental Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040420. [PMID: 37185495 PMCID: PMC10135896 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxic pollutants and pathogens that enter the ecosystem are major global issues. Detection of these toxic chemicals/pollutants and the diagnosis of a disease is a first step in efficiently controlling their contamination and spread, respectively. Various analytical techniques are available to detect and determine toxic chemicals/pathogens, including liquid chromatography, HPLC, mass spectroscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. However, these sensing strategies have some drawbacks such as tedious sample pretreatment and preparation, the requirement for skilled technicians, and dependence on large laboratory-based instruments. Alternatively, biosensors, especially paper-based sensors, could be used extensively and are a cost-effective alternative to conventional laboratory testing. They can improve accessibility to testing to identify chemicals and pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to its low cost, abundance, easy disposal (by incineration, for example) and biocompatible nature, paper is considered a versatile material for the development of environmentally friendly electrochemical/optical (bio) sensor devices. This review presents an overview of sensing platforms constructed from paper, pointing out the main merits and demerits of paper-based sensing systems, their fabrication techniques, and the different optical/electrochemical detection techniques that they exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekher Kummari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | - Lakshmi R Panicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sampath Karingula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venisheety Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal 506015, Telangana, India
| | - Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kotagiri Yugender Goud
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
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Yin J, Gao W, Yu W, Guan Y, Wang Z, Jin Q. A batch microfabrication of a self-cleaning, ultradurable electrochemical sensor employing a BDD film for the online monitoring of free chlorine in tap water. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:39. [PMID: 35464881 PMCID: PMC8993810 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Free chlorine is one of the key water quality parameters in tap water. However, a free chlorine sensor with the characteristics of batch processing, durability, antibiofouling/antiorganic passivation and in situ monitoring of free chlorine in tap water continues to be a challenging issue. In this paper, a novel silicon-based electrochemical sensor for free chlorine that can self-clean and be mass produced via microfabrication technique/MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) is proposed. A liquid-conjugated Ag/AgCl reference electrode is fabricated, and electrochemically stable BDD/Pt is employed as the working/counter electrode to verify the effectiveness of the as-fabricated sensor for free chlorine detection. The sensor demonstrates an acceptable limit of detection (0.056 mg/L) and desirable linearity (R 2 = 0.998). Particularly, at a potential of +2.5 V, hydroxyl radicals are generated on the BBD electrode by electrolyzing water, which then remove the organic matter attached to the surface of the sensor though an electrochemical digestion process. The performance of the fouled sensor recovers from 50.2 to 94.1% compared with the initial state after self-cleaning for 30 min. In addition, by employing the MEMS technique, favorable response consistency and high reproducibility (RSD < 4.05%) are observed, offering the opportunity to mass produce the proposed sensor in the future. A desirable linear dependency between the pH, temperature, and flow rate and the detection of free chlorine is observed, ensuring the accuracy of the sensor with any hydrologic parameter. The interesting sensing and self-cleaning behavior of the as-proposed sensor indicate that this study of the mass production of free chlorine sensors by MEMS is successful in developing a competitive device for the online monitoring of free chlorine in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Wanlei Gao
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weijian Yu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Guan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, 315211 Ningbo, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, P. R. China
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Siddiqui J, Jamal Deen M. Biodegradable asparagine–graphene oxide free chlorine sensors fabricated using solution-based processing. Analyst 2022; 147:3643-3651. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A free chlorine-sensing biodegradable ink was made by functionalizing asparagine onto graphene oxide then deposited on an electrode. The sensor showed a sensitivity of 0.30 μA ppm−1, selectivity amid interfering ions, and low temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Siddiqui
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - M. Jamal Deen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Yen YK, Lee KY, Lin CY, Zhang ST, Wang CW, Liu TY. Portable Nanohybrid Paper-Based Chemiresistive Sensor for Free Chlorine Detection. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25209-25215. [PMID: 33043199 PMCID: PMC7542854 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Detecting the concentration of free chlorine is important for monitoring the quality of water. In this study, we report a nanohybrid paper-based chemiresistive sensor that can be used with smartphones to detect free chlorine ions. The sensor was fabricated using a simple and standardized coating process. The graphene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) nanohybrid paper-based sensing device exhibited a more stable and intuitive response to free chlorine than that exhibited by the device using only PEDOT:PSS. The nanohybrid paper-based sensor was sensitive to free chlorine concentrations in a linear range of 0.1-500 ppm, and the limit of detection was 0.18 ppm. The sensor showed specificity for free chloride ions and detection capability in samples. The sensor was integrated as a module with an electric readout system, and the measured signals and results could be displayed in real time on a smartphone. Therefore, the proposed sensing platform is suitable owing to its portability, low cost, ease of use, and capability for on-site water quality measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kuang Yen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Institute
of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Lee
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Zhang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Yu Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei
University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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Sappia LD, Tuninetti JS, Ceolín M, Knoll W, Rafti M, Azzaroni O. MOF@PEDOT Composite Films for Impedimetric Pesticide Sensors. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2020; 4:1900076. [PMID: 32042446 PMCID: PMC7001120 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201900076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its deleterious effects on health, development of new methods for detection and removal of pesticide residues in primary and derived agricultural products is a research topic of great importance. Among them, imazalil (IMZ) is a widely used post-harvest fungicide with good performances in general, and is particularly applied to prevent green mold in citrus fruits. In this work, a composite film for the impedimetric sensing of IMZ built from metal-organic framework nanocrystallites homogeneously distributed on a conductive poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer is presented. The as-synthetized thin films are produced via spin-coating over poly(ethylene terephtalate (PET) substrate following a straightforward, cost-effective, single-step procedure. By means of impedance spectroscopy, electric transport properties of the films are studied, and high sensitivity towards IMZ concentration in the range of 15 ppb to 1 ppm is demonstrated (featuring 1.6 and 4.2 ppb limit of detection, when using signal modulus and phase, respectively). The sensing platform hereby presented could be used for the construction of portable, miniaturized, and ultrasensitive devices, suitable for pesticide detection in food, wastewater effluents, or the assessment of drinking-water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano D. Sappia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y AplicadasDepartamento de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4La PlataB1904DPIArgentina
| | - Jimena S. Tuninetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y AplicadasDepartamento de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4La PlataB1904DPIArgentina
| | - Marcelo Ceolín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y AplicadasDepartamento de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4La PlataB1904DPIArgentina
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- CEST – Competence Center for Electrochemical Surface TechnologiesKonrad Lorenz Strasse 243430TullnAustria
- Austrian Institute of TechnologyDonau‐City‐Strasse 11220ViennaAustria
| | - Matías Rafti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y AplicadasDepartamento de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4La PlataB1904DPIArgentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y AplicadasDepartamento de QuímicaFacultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataCONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4La PlataB1904DPIArgentina
- CEST‐UNLP Partner Lab for BioelectronicsDiagonal 64 y 113La Plata1900Argentina
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Li S, Chu J, Li B, Chang Y, Pan T. Handwriting Iontronic Pressure Sensing Origami. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46157-46164. [PMID: 31729863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Origami, the ancient paper folding art, has been investigated from paper electronics to medical equipment and even spaceflight for its amazingly rich scientific foundation of building a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure, saving space, transmitting force, and establishing a load-bearing structure. Introducing origami into flexible pressure sensing will bring a new function to the planar electrical component. In this paper, a flexible iontronic sensing mechanism, handwriting process, and origami were combined into a pressure sensing platform, providing a handwriting iontronic pressure sensing origami with high performance, customized design, and 3D sensing ability. The handwriting process provides a simple, low-cost, efficient, no equipment limitation, and customized manufacturing method in preparing the pressure sensing origami using one commercial paper, while an ionic-electrode interface can be easily constructed by folding. Moreover, the device integrates the advantages of origami of forming a 3D structure, force transmission, and structural support with the pressure sensing function. Notably, the handwriting iontronic pressure sensing origami offers a high device sensitivity of 1.0 nF/(kPa cm2), a detection limitation of 5.12 Pa, a rapid mechanical response time of 6 ms and a reset time of 4 ms, and an ultrahigh repeatability under periodic pressure. Benefiting from the unique properties of origami and the remarkable performances, the proposed handwriting iontronic pressure sensing origami can be highly advantageous for the emerging applications such as STEM education, customized electronic design, human-machine interfaces, etc., where high performance, rapid prototype, and 3D sensing are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science , 1068 Xueyuan Avenue , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - JiaRu Chu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Baoqing Li
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230027 , China
| | - Yu Chang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science , 1068 Xueyuan Avenue , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science , 1068 Xueyuan Avenue , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MINI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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7
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A novel paper-based sensor for determination of halogens and halides by dynamic gas extraction. Talanta 2019; 199:513-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Abstract
We present a rapid (<10 s), cost-effective, unique single-step method for fabricating paper-based devices without necessitating any expensive instrumentation, simply by deploying correction pens that are otherwise commonly used for masking typos in printed or written matters. The marked regions formed by deposits from the correction pen demonstrate ubiquitous flow resistances to typical aqueous solutions and organic solvents in the transverse direction, resulting in a preferential bulk flow along the axial direction of the paper channels ‘fabricated’ in the process. Considering the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this platform, it is deemed to be ideal for (bio) chemical sensing and point-of-care diagnostics in resource-limited settings.
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9
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Sitanurak J, Wangdi N, Sonsa-Ard T, Teerasong S, Amornsakchai T, Nacapricha D. Simple and green method for direct quantification of hypochlorite in household bleach with membraneless gas-separation microfluidic paper-based analytical device. Talanta 2018; 187:91-98. [PMID: 29853070 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work presents development of a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for direct determination of hypochlorite in household bleach. The recent design of a membraneless gas-separation microfluidic paper-based analytical device (MBL-GS µPAD) was employed to fabricate the hypochlorite-µPAD. Chlorine gas is generated in the µPAD via acidification of an aliquot of sample loaded on to the donor reservoir located at the bottom layer of the μPAD. The liberated chlorine gas diffuses through the air space to oxidize iodide ion previously impregnated in the acceptor reservoir at the top layer of the μPAD, leading to formation of the brown color of the tri-iodide ions. Digital image of the brown zone was captured at exactly 5 min after loading the acid. Image J program is used for analysis of the image for quantification of the hypochlorite in unit of g Cl2 L-1. It was found that employing a relatively large volume of the air space (ca. 270 µL) direct analysis of the high concentration of hypochlorite in the bleach was achieved without prior dilution. The method thus provides a linear working range of 25-100 g Cl2 L-1, which is suitable for most commercial household products. The calibration line has a coefficient of determination of 0.999. The precision of measurements is 0.96% RSD and 0.30% RSD at 30 g Cl2 L-1 and 80 g Cl2 L-1 (n = 10), respectively. Using the paired t-test (P = 0.05, n = 8), the method agreed well with the iodometric titration method. Our μPAD for hypochlorite is portable and cost-effective. The method is also "green" since there is a significant reduction in use of reagents compared to other conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirayu Sitanurak
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nidup Wangdi
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thitaporn Sonsa-Ard
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Saowapak Teerasong
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Applied Analytical Chemistry Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Taweechai Amornsakchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Phuttamonthon District, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (Firstlabs), Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao W, Zhang M, Qin H, Xie Y. Flexible, Stretchable Sensors for Wearable Health Monitoring: Sensing Mechanisms, Materials, Fabrication Strategies and Features. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E645. [PMID: 29470408 PMCID: PMC5856015 DOI: 10.3390/s18020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wearable health monitoring systems have gained considerable interest in recent years owing to their tremendous promise for personal portable health watching and remote medical practices. The sensors with excellent flexibility and stretchability are crucial components that can provide health monitoring systems with the capability of continuously tracking physiological signals of human body without conspicuous uncomfortableness and invasiveness. The signals acquired by these sensors, such as body motion, heart rate, breath, skin temperature and metabolism parameter, are closely associated with personal health conditions. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress in flexible and stretchable sensors, concerning the detected health indicators, sensing mechanisms, functional materials, fabrication strategies, basic and desired features. The potential challenges and future perspectives of wearable health monitoring system are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Hai Wang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Hongbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
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11
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Apyari VV, Gorbunova MO, Shevchenko AV, Furletov AA, Volkov PA, Garshev AV, Dmitrienko SG, Zolotov YA. Towards highly selective detection using metal nanoparticles: A case of silver triangular nanoplates and chlorine. Talanta 2018; 176:406-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Juang YJ, Li WS, Chen PS. Fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices by filtration-assisted screen printing. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Zhu X, Huang J, Liu J, Zhang H, Jiang J, Yu R. A dual enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflower incorporated microfluidic paper-based analytic device (μPAD) biosensor for sensitive visualized detection of glucose. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5658-5663. [PMID: 28422254 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00958e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel microfluidic paper-based analytic device (μPAD) biosensor is developed for sensitive and visualized detection of glucose. This biosensor is easily fabricated using the wax printing technique, with a hybrid nanocomplex composed of dual enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Cu3(PO4)2 inorganic nanocrystals incorporated in the detection zones. The hybrid nanocomplex is found to exhibit a flower-like structure, which allows co-immobilization of these two enzymes in a biocompatible environment. These nanoflowers not only preserve the activity and enhance the stability of the enzymes, but also facilitate the transport of the substrates between the two enzymes. The biosensor is demonstrated to enable rapid and sensitive quantification of glucose in the concentration range of 0.1-10 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 25 μM. It is also shown to be applicable to colorimetric quantitative detection of glucose in human serum and whole blood samples, implying its potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
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14
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Park SJ, Park CS, Yoon H. Chemo-Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E155. [PMID: 30970834 PMCID: PMC6432045 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP) hybrids, which combine CPs with heterogeneous species, have shown strong potential as electrical transducers in chemosensors. The charge transport properties of CPs are based on chemical redox reactions and provide various chemo-electrical signal transduction mechanisms. Combining CPs with other functional materials has provided opportunities to tailor their major morphological and physicochemical properties, often resulting in enhanced sensing performance. The hybrids can provide an enlarged effective surface area for enhanced interaction and chemical specificity to target analytes via a new signal transduction mechanism. Here, we review a selection of important CPs, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivatives, to fabricate versatile organic and inorganic hybrid materials and their chemo-electrical sensing performance. We focus on what benefits can be achieved through material hybridization in the sensing application. Moreover, state-of-the-art trends in technologies of CP hybrid sensors are discussed, as are limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Joo Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34141 Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34141 Daejeon, Korea.
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
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