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Luo X, Bi Q, Huang D, Li Y, Yao C, Zhang J, Wei W, Li J, Li Z, Zhang J, Ji S, Wang Y, Guo DA. Characterization of natural peptides in Pheretima by integrating proteogenomics and label-free peptidomics. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1070-1079. [PMID: 37842652 PMCID: PMC10568111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheretima, also called "earthworms", is a well-known animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine that is extensively used in over 50 Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition). However, its zoological origin is unclear, both in the herbal market and CPMs. In this study, a strategy for integrating in-house annotated protein databases constructed from close evolutionary relationship-sourced RNA sequencing data from public archival resources and various sequencing algorithms (restricted search, open search, and de novo) was developed to characterize the phenotype of natural peptides of three major commercial species of Pheretima, including Pheretima aspergillum (PA), Pheretima vulgaris (PV), and Metaphire magna (MM). We identified 10,477 natural peptides in the PA, 7,451 in PV, and 5,896 in MM samples. Five specific signature peptides were screened and then validated using synthetic peptides; these demonstrated robust specificity for the authentication of PA, PV, and MM. Finally, all marker peptides were successfully applied to identify the zoological origins of Brain Heart capsules and Xiaohuoluo pills, revealing the inconsistent Pheretima species used in these CPMs. In conclusion, our integrated strategy could be used for the in-depth characterization of natural peptides of other animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines, especially non-model species with poorly annotated protein databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Luo
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qirui Bi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shen Ji
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - De-an Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Liu Q, Bi Q, Zhang J, Qin W, Yi S, Hu Q, Sun J, Ji S, Tan N. A rapid and simple signature peptides-based method for species authentication of three main commercial Pheretima. J Proteomics 2021; 255:104456. [PMID: 34922013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pheretima with various activities is a commonly used animal-derived traditional medicine in Asia countries. However, almost half of them are non-pharmacopoeia species in the market due to the similar morphological characteristics between medicinal and non-medicinal species. This study aims to establish an effective method based on signature peptides for species authentication of three main commercial Pheretima, including two major Pheretima species (Amynthas aspergillum, Metaphire vulgaris) and one main adulteration (Metaphire magna). Firstly, the species of 52 batches of commercial Pheretima were authenticated based on DNA barcodes. Secondly, proteomic analysis was performed for protein characterization of three main commercial Pheretima. Furthermore, their signature peptides were screened and validated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Moreover, a simplified sample processing method was developed. Finally, large quantities of commercial Pheretima samples were analyzed for further verifying the feasibility of the signature peptides-based method. The result showed that the established method had a great application potential for authenticity identification of commercial Pheretima. SIGNIFICANCE: The authenticity assessment of medicinal materials is a main issue in the quality control process as deceptive practices could imply severe health risks. In this study, a rapid and simple method based on signature peptides was established for species authentication of three main commercial Pheretima, which can be an effective alternative to complex DNA barcoding and difficult morphological identification, and provided a reference for improvement of Pheretima quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirui Bi
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyong Yi
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Ji
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ninghua Tan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Gao H, Lin J, Jia X, Zhao Y, Wang S, Bai H, Ma Q. Real-time authentication of animal species origin of leather products using rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis. Talanta 2021; 225:122069. [PMID: 33592787 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing accounts of fraud and persistent labeling problems have brought the authenticity of leather products into question. In this study, we developed an extremely simplified workflow for real-time, in situ, and unambiguous authentication of leather samples using rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) coupled with an electric soldering iron. Initially, authentic leather samples from cattle, sheep, pig, deer, ostrich, crocodile, and snake were used to create a chemometric model based on principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis algorithms. The validated multivariate statistical model was then used to analyze and generate live classifications of commercial leather samples. In addition to REIMS analysis, the microstructures of leathers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy to provide complementary information. The current study is expected to provide a high-throughput tool with superior efficiency and accuracy for authenticating the identity of leathers and other consumer products of biogenic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Huhhot 010070, China
| | - Jihong Lin
- Waters Corporation, Beijing 100176, China
| | | | - Yang Zhao
- National Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Leather Products, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Songying Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Huhhot 010070, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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