1
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Huang Y, Xie C, Yang T, Zhao G, Jia B, Cheng P. Boosting the sensitivity of single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a segmented focus quadrupole-ion guide. Talanta 2024; 277:126327. [PMID: 38805944 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPI-TOF-MS) is a powerful analytical technique for real-time detection of trace VOCs. However, efficient ion transmission within the ionization chamber has always been a challenging issue in SPI-TOF-MS. In this study, a novel ion guide termed the Segmented Focus Quadrupole Ion Guide (SFQ-IG) was introduced for SPI-TOF-MS. The SFQ-IG device consists of 12 printed circuit boards (PCB), each containing four quarter-ring electrodes with inner diameters progressively decreasing from 26 to 4 mm. The simulation results demonstrated that SFQ-IG exhibited superior ion transmission efficiency than both ion funnel (IF) field and direct current-only (DC-only) field. By integrating into a SPI-TOF-MS, this ion guide was optimized in terms of the ionization source pressure, direct current gradient, and radio frequency amplitude. Further comparative experiments demonstrated that the SPI-TOF-MS with the SFQ-IG exhibited higher sensitivity than both the IF field (1.3-7.4 times) and DC-only field (3.5-8.8 times) for the test VOCs. The improvements in limit of detection (LOD) with the SFQ-IG ranged from 1.6 to 5.3 times compared to the DC-only field for the test VOCs. Fabricated using PCB technology, the SFQ-IG is characterized by its cost-effectiveness, compact size, and high transmission efficiency, facilitating its integration into other mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Tong Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Gaosheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Bin Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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2
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Zhai Y, Fu X, Xu W. Miniature mass spectrometers and their potential for clinical point-of-care analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:1172-1191. [PMID: 37610153 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful technique for clinical applications with high sensitivity and specificity. Different from conventional MS diagnosis in laboratory, point-of-care (POC) analyses in clinics require mass spectrometers and analytical procedures to be friendly for novice users and applicable for on-site clinical diagnosis. The recent decades have seen the progress in the development of miniature mass spectrometers, providing a promising solution for clinical POC applications. In this review, we report recent advances of miniature mass spectrometers and their exploration in clinical applications, mainly including the rapid analysis of illegal drugs, on-site monitoring of therapeutic drugs, and detection of biomarkers. With improved analytical performance, miniature mass spectrometers are also expected to apply to more and more clinical applications. Some promising POC analyses that can be performed by miniature mass spectrometers in the future are discussed. Lastly, we also provide our perspectives on the challenges in technical development of miniature mass spectrometers for clinical POC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhai
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Fu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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3
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Smith BL, Hankinson T, Maher S. Portable Instrumentation for Ambient Ionization and Miniature Mass Spectrometers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:69-102. [PMID: 38640067 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061522-040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
We critically evaluate the current status of portable mass spectrometry (pMS), particularly where this aligns with ambient ionization. Assessing the field of pMS can be quite subjective, especially in relation to the portable aspects of design, deployment, and operation. In this review, we discuss what it means to be portable and introduce a set of criteria by which pMS and ambient ionization sources can be assessed. Moreover, we consider the recent literature in terms of the most popular and significant advances in portable instrumentation for ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometers. Finally, emerging trends and exciting future prospects are discussed and some recommendations are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry L Smith
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom;
| | - Thomas Hankinson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom;
| | - Simon Maher
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom;
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4
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Tu M, Xu W, Zhai Y. A Miniature Orthogonal Injection Ion Funnel (MO-IF) Providing Enhanced Performance for the Miniature Mass Spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1363-1369. [PMID: 38683544 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The sensitivity of the miniature mass spectrometer (mini-MS) is largely restricted by the ion transmission in rough vacuum region. Even though various "in-line" ion transfer devices have improved mini-MS sensitivity, the severe dynamic gas is still weakening the efficiency of ion transmission in this region. Inspired by the "off-axis" ion funnel design in the lab-scale mass spectrometers, a miniature orthogonal injection ion funnel (MO-IF) was developed in this study for the mini-MS with a continuous atmospheric pressure interface. Capable of directing injected ions by 90° and then transport them forward to the downstream skimmer, the MO-IF enabled the separation of ions from the dynamic gas flow jetted out of the inlet capillary. The key factors were optimized for the MO-IF, including the effects of RF amplitude, DC electric fields, and the position of the repeller. Under optimized conditions, the MO-IF minimized the negative effects of dynamic gas and improved the ion transmission efficiency by ∼2-fold in comparison with the in-line injection ion funnel. As a result, a lower limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL were obtained with good linearity for hypaconitine. Additionally, the MO-IF further decreased the buffer gas pressure in the second vacuum chamber and improved the mass resolution by 1.1-1.5 times at different scan rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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5
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Li A, Sun J, Yan H, Li D, Xu W. SAM-SFM: High-Efficiency and High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enabled by Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation of Multiple Sinusoidal Frequency-Modulated Waveforms. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2183-2190. [PMID: 38247304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In miniature ion trap mass spectrometry, achieving a balance between isolation resolution and efficiency is a formidable challenge. The presence of absorption curves causes target ions to inadvertently absorb energy from AC signal components near their resonant frequencies. To mitigate this issue, SAM-SFM waveforms introduce a parameter known as the decreasing factor. Unlike SWIFT waveforms, SAM-SFM's spectral profile intentionally departs from a rectangular window, adopting an arch-shaped excitation window to minimize the impact on target ions and improve ion isolation efficiency. SAM-SFM waveforms have the advantage of low computational complexity, enabling real-time computation using an embedded FPGA technology. Regardless of any parameter changes, the FPGA can consistently guarantee waveform output within 1 μs. This not only enhances throughput but also eliminates the need for a PC in miniature mass spectrometry devices. The performance of SAM-SFM has been validated on an improved "Brick" miniature ion trap mass spectrometer. Comparative experiments with SWIFT waveforms confirm the lossless unit-mass isolation capabilities of SAM-SFM. This waveform has the capability to simultaneously isolate multiple target ions, even allowing for the lossless isolation of ions with lower abundance within isotopic clusters, albeit at the cost of requiring extended isolation durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Haoqiang Yan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Dayu Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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6
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Du S, Jia H, Xu W, Zhai Y. Field-Gradient-Focusing Ion Guide for Enhanced Transfer Efficiency of Low-Mass Ions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2079-2086. [PMID: 36632644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient transmission of low-mass ions in a rough vacuum pressure region has always been a challenging issue in mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, a novel ion guide, namely, field-gradient-focusing ion guide (FGF-IG), was proposed to improve the transfer efficiency of ions, especially low-mass ions in a rough vacuum region. The FGF-IG has 12 electrodes whose surfaces gradually narrowed and tilted inward, and its electric field gradually varies from dodecapole (or multipole) to quadrupole along the ion transfer route. The field radius was gradually decreased from 6 to 2 mm in the multipole region (65 mm in length) and finally remained unchanged as 2 mm in the quadrupole region (20 mm in length). By integrating into a miniature mass spectrometer (mini-MS) with a continuous atmospheric pressure interface, this ion guide was optimized in terms of inlet capillary position, radio frequency amplitude, and direct current voltage applied on it. Results showed that a reduced low-mass discrimination effect and improved efficiency of simultaneously transferring mid and low m/z ions were achieved for FGF-IG compared with a conventional ion funnel. Under optimized conditions, a limit of detection of 1 ng/mL was obtained for both reserpine (m/z 609) and arginine (m/z 175) ions by integrating FGF-IG into the mini-MS. The sensitivity of smaller arginine ions using FGF-IG was enhanced by ∼10 times than that obtained using the conventional ion funnel (10 ng/mL) in comparative experiments. The idea of smooth transfer from dodecapole to quadrupole fields could be extended to other multipole fields, as well as in lab-scale MS instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Du
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Heyuan Jia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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7
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Zhang H, Jia H, Gao Z, Xiang Y, Jiang T, Xu W. Parallel Pseudo-MRM on the “brick” miniature mass spectrometer for high throughput multi-target screening. Talanta 2023; 252:123866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Ruan H, Xu C, Wang W, Li H. Hexapole-Assisted Continuous Atmospheric Pressure Interface for a High-Pressure Photoionization Miniature Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17287-17294. [PMID: 36451554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Miniature mass spectrometers are powerful tools for on-site chemical analysis in the fields of homeland security, personal healthcare, and environmental monitoring. This study presents a novel hexapole-assisted continuous atmospheric pressure interface for a high-pressure photoionization miniature ion trap mass spectrometer (HA-HPPI-IT). Efficient ion transmission was achieved by combining radial focusing by an RF electric field and axial driving by gas flow, which was demonstrated by SIMION simulation and experimental verification. The pressure in the ionization-transmission chamber and the inner diameter of the skimmer were optimized, which helped in determining the number density of product ions and affected the ion transmission in the hexapole, respectively. After systematic optimizations, about 16-fold increase in signal intensity was achieved as the RF amplitude was varied from 140 to 400 Vpp, and a limit of detection of 1 ppbv was obtained. In addition, the HA-HPPI-IT exhibited high stability and the relative standard deviation was as low as 5.47%. Finally, the apparatus was applied for discovering the simulated spot for illicit drug synthesis by detecting toluene and propiophenone released to air and monitoring the evolutions of perchloroethylene residues from dry-cleaned clothes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Key Laboratory for Online Analytical Instrumentation, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Engineering Research Center of Breath Diagnostic Technology, Dalian116023, People's Republic of China
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9
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Tang X, Xie Z, Yu J, Chen K, Wu H, Hu S, Zarei R, Tang K. Enhancement of Portable Mass Spectrometer Sensitivity and Selectivity by a Qualitative Pre-Scan Waveform (QPSW). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2093890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhijun Xie
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Southeast Digital Economic Development Institute, QuZhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiancheng Yu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Huanming Wu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shifu Hu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Roozbeh Zarei
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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10
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Gu H, Dai G, Liu S, Zhai Y, Xu Q, Wu H, Xu W. A compact liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument for the quantitation of immunosuppressants. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Liu S, Xu Q, Li Y, Xu W, Zhai Y. Coupling handheld liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (hLMJ-SSP) to the miniature mass spectrometer for automated and in-situ surface analysis. Talanta 2022; 242:123090. [PMID: 35189410 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In-situ surface analysis has always been a significant but challenging issue in many analytical applications. To enable surface sampling and MS analysis on the field, a handheld liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (hLMJ-SSP) was coupled to a miniature mass spectrometer in this study. The hLMJ-SSP was connected to the miniature mass spectrometer with a 50 cm long flexible tube and controlled by an integrated microcontroller unit (MCU). By simply pressing a button on the probe, automated surface analysis could be carried out and completed within ∼2 min, in which solvent delivery, sample extraction, extract aspiration, injection and MS analysis were performed in sequence. A limit of detection (LOD) as low as 5 pg was achieved. The capability of in-situ surface analysis was also demonstrated by directly analyzing illicit drug residues on fingers and medicines in biological fluids. With the merits of automated operation, high sensitivity and nondestructive analysis, this LMJ-SSP-mini MS system would be a promising tool for various in-situ analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiling Li
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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12
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Guo C, Diao Z, Liu J, Yang B, Zhang J. Quantification and evaluation of ion transmission efficiency in two-stage vacuum chamber miniature mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4816. [PMID: 35229406 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Miniature mass spectrometer is more compact and portable than traditional commercial mass spectrometry, with more potential for application outside the laboratory. However, a miniature mass spectrometer is less sensitive than a commercial instrument, limiting its application scenarios. The ion transmission efficiency of the instrument is an essential factor affecting the sensitivity. Still, there are few works of literature on the quantitative study of the ion transmission efficiency of each component from a systematic perspective. In this paper, the Faraday cup coupled with a microcurrent signal testing instrument was used to measure the ions generated by nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI), which have successfully gone through several components. Then the ion transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. Results showed that the front lens had the highest ion transmission efficiency of 39.7%, whereas the inlet and skimmer had the lowest ion transfer efficiency of 0.8% and 17.1%. Next, the influence of control parameters on ion transmission efficiency of critical components was investigated. If optimized, the ion funnel and the skimmer had the potential to improve their transmission efficiency by 120% and 79%, respectively. This paper shows the decreasing intensity distribution of ions in the whole transmission process and the transmission efficiency of each component, which can guide for improving the sensitivity of the miniature mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Guo
- Shenzhen Chin Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoyin Diao
- Suzhou Fortune Precision Instrument Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Baokun Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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13
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Han W, Du S, Tang C, Li Y, Jiang T, Xu W. Integration of a liquid-phase ion trap with a miniature mass spectrometer. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Li C, Chu S, Tan S, Yin X, Jiang Y, Dai X, Gong X, Fang X, Tian D. Towards Higher Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry: A Perspective From the Mass Analyzers. Front Chem 2021; 9:813359. [PMID: 34993180 PMCID: PMC8724130 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.813359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in many fields. Recent developments in chemical and biological researches have drawn much attention to the measurement of substances with low abundances in samples. Continuous efforts have been made consequently to further improve the sensitivity of MS. Modifications on the mass analyzers of mass spectrometers offer a direct, universal and practical way to obtain higher sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in mass analyzers for the improvement of mass spectrometers' sensitivity, including quadrupole, ion trap, time-of-flight (TOF) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FT-ICR), as well as different combinations of these mass analyzers. The advantages and limitations of different mass analyzers and their combinations are compared and discussed. This review provides guidance to the selection of suitable mass spectrometers in chemical and biological analytical applications. It is also beneficial to the development of novel mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Chu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Li J, Wu H, Yu J, Zhang J, Wang C, Xu F, Wang W, Xie Z, Yin T, Tang K. Enhanced Sensitivity and Precision of Portable Mass Spectrometry (MS) with a Discontinuous Atmospheric Pressure Interface by Multiple Ion Injection. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1922430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Huanming Wu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiancheng Yu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fuxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhibin Xie
- Pan Tianshou College of Architecture, Art and Design, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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16
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Ahmed E, Xiao D, Kabir KMM, Fletcher J, Donald WA. Ambient Pressure Ion Funnel: Concepts, Simulations, and Analytical Performance. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15811-15817. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezaz Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Dan Xiao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - K. M. Mohibul Kabir
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - John Fletcher
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - William A. Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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17
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Meng X, Tang C, Zhang C, Li D, Xu W, Zhai Y. A "Brick" Mass Spectrometer with Photoionization for Direct Analysis of Trace Volatile Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:961-968. [PMID: 32233377 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With high portability and favorable performance, miniature mass spectrometers have become one of the most attractive tools for on-site analysis of trace volatile compounds. Based on the "Brick" mass spectrometer (BMS) developed previously, a hand-held BMS integrated with a photoionization source (PI-BMS) was developed in this study for volatile compound analysis. With compact dimensions of 30 cm × 18.5 cm × 27.6 cm (length × width × height), the PI-BMS was equipped with a 10.6 eV UV lamp and capable of generating molecular ions. The capabilities of qualitative and quantitative analyses for different volatile samples were demonstrated and characterized. Under optimized conditions, high detection sensitivity in open air was obtained for the PI-BMS with a limit of detection (LOD) of ∼10 ppbv. As demonstrations of mixture analysis, four different fresh fruits were directly analyzed using PI-BMS, observing characteristic mass spectra for each type of fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Meng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Caowei Tang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changxin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dayu Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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18
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Huo X, Zhu X, Tang F, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yu Q, Wang X. Discontinuous Subatmospheric Pressure Interface Reduces the Gas Flow Effects on Miniature CAPI Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3707-3715. [PMID: 31961668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the range of miniature mass spectrometers, the miniature ion trap mass spectrometer with continuous atmospheric pressure interface (CAPI) shows good performance potential and advantages due to its excellent sensitivity and analysis speed. However, in previous cases, placing the ion trap directly near the skimmer aperture means it will suffer high gas shock, which may affect performance. In this study, an improved miniature CAPI ion trap mass spectrometer was developed by gas flow optimization. According to the experimental results, excessive gas flow affects stability and resolution. The impact of the gas flow can be effectively reduced by reducing the inner diameter of the skimmer and adding an additional lens element to move the ion trap away from the skimmer aperture. However, this method will affect the sensitivity of the instrument to some extent, so a discontinuous subatmospheric pressure interface (DSPI) was developed to reduce the gas flow effects and improve the comprehensive performance. When using the DSPI system with a 0.4 mm skimmer and entrance lens, the resolution for roxithromycin was up to 2800 at a scanning speed of 1015 Th/s, which was 3.4-fold higher that without DSPI. The dynamic range of concentration reached 4 orders of magnitude and the detection limit for repaglinide was as low as 1 ng/mL. This study offers a new approach to develop better miniature ion trap mass spectrometers and to extend their practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Division of Life Science & Health, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen CHIN Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Xu Z, Jiang T, Xu Q, Zhai Y, Li D, Xu W. Pseudo-Multiple Reaction Monitoring (Pseudo-MRM) Mode on the “Brick” Mass Spectrometer, Using the Grid-SWIFT Waveform. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13838-13846. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbing Zhai
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dayu Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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