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Abstract
Metabolomics aims to profile the extensive array of metabolites that exists in different types of matrices using modern analytical techniques. These techniques help to separate, identify, and quantify the plethora of chemical compounds at various analytical platforms. Hence, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has emerged as an advanced analytical approach, exclusively owing to the 3D separation of metabolites and their isomers. Furthermore, separated metabolites are identified based on their mass fragmentation pattern and CCS (collision cross-section) values. The IMS provides an advanced alternative dimension to separate the isomeric metabolites with enhanced throughput with lesser chemical noise. Thus, the present review highlights the types, factors affecting the resolution, and applications of IMMS (Ion mobility mass spectrometry) for isomeric separations, and ionic contaminants in the plant samples. Furthermore, an overview of IMS-based applications for the identification of plant metabolites (volatile and non-volatile) over the last few decades has been discussed, followed by future assumptions for creating IM-based databases. Such approaches could be significant to accelerate and improve our knowledge of the vast chemical diversity found in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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2
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Hu Q, Sun Y, Mu X, Wang Y, Tang H. Reliable quantification of citrate isomers and isobars with direct-infusion tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2023; 259:124477. [PMID: 37001399 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Direct-infusion tandem mass spectrometry (DI-MS/MS) is an excellent tool for large cohort high-throughput quantitative metabolomics, MS imaging and single cell studies but incapable of discriminating isomers/isobars with similar MS spectral features. With experimental and density-functional theory (DFT) approaches, here, we comprehensively investigated the fragmentation pathways and characteristics of differential ion-mobility spectrometry (DMS) for three citrate isomers (citrate, isocitrate, glucaro-1,4-lactone) and an isobar (quinate) co-existing in biological sample such as urine. Results showed that all these compounds gave better MS spectra in negative-ion mode than positive-ion one and had numerous fragment ions under collision-induced dissociation (CID) with sequential losses of H2O and CO2. All observed fragment ions were assignable by combining experimental with DFT calculation results. A DI-DMS-MS/MS method was then developed to simultaneously quantify these four isomers/isobars with m/z 191-87 (CoV, -5.5 V), 191-73 (CoV, -3.5 V), 191-85 (CoV, -29.5 V) and m/z 191-93 (CoV, -41.5 V) for citrate, isocitrate, glucaro-1,4-lactone and quinate, respectively. The low limit-of-quantification was below 5.5 nM whilst accuracy was above 94% for all above compounds. The urinary concentrations of them in human and C57BL/6 mouse samples were further quantified showing clear inter-individual and inter-species level differences with significantly higher levels of isocitrate, glucaro-1,4-lactone and quinate in human urine samples than mouse ones. This provides an approach to understand the detailed fragmentation pathways for organic isomers/isobars and a high-throughput MS strategy to quantify them in complex mixtures for metabolomics, lipidomics, foodomics and exposomics especially when chromatographic separations are not useable.
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3
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Bissonnette JR, Ryan CRM, Ieritano C, Hopkins WS, Haack A. First-Principles Modeling of Preferential Solvation in Mixed-Modifier Differential Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37262415 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) separates ions based on mobility differences between high and low electric field conditions. To enhance resolution, solvents such as water and acetonitrile are often used to modify the collision environment and take advantage of differing dynamic clustering behavior between analytes that coelute in hard-sphere environments (e.g., N2). When binary solvent mixtures are used to modify the DMS environment, one solvent can have a dominant influence over the other with respect to ion trajectories. For example, for quinoline derivatives, a 9:1 water:acetonitrile solvent mixture exhibited identical behavior to an environment containing only acetonitrile as a modifier. It was hypothesized that this effect arises due to the significantly different binding strengths of the two solvents. Here, we utilize a first-principles model of DMS to study analytes in single and binary solvent mixtures and explore the effects governing the dominance of one solvent over the other. Computed DMS dispersion curves of quinoline derivatives are in excellent agreement with those measured experimentally. For mixed-modifier environments, the predicted cluster populations show a clear preferential solvation of ions with the stronger binding solvent. The influence of ion-solvent binding energies, solvent concentration, and solvent molecule size is discussed in the context of the observed DMS behavior. This work can guide the usage of binary solvent mixtures for improving ion separations in cases where compounds coelute in pure N2 and in single-solvent modifier environments. Moreover, our results indicate that binary solvent mixtures can be used to create a relative scale for solvent binding energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R Bissonnette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Christopher R M Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Alexander Haack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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4
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Wu R, Metternich JB, Kamenik AS, Tiwari P, Harrison JA, Kessen D, Akay H, Benzenberg LR, Chan TWD, Riniker S, Zenobi R. Determining the gas-phase structures of α-helical peptides from shape, microsolvation, and intramolecular distance data. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2913. [PMID: 37217470 PMCID: PMC10203302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a powerful technique for the structural and functional characterization of biomolecules. However, it remains challenging to accurately gauge the gas-phase structure of biomolecular ions and assess to what extent native-like structures are maintained. Here we propose a synergistic approach which utilizes Förster resonance energy transfer and two types of ion mobility spectrometry (i.e., traveling wave and differential) to provide multiple constraints (i.e., shape and intramolecular distance) for structure-refinement of gas-phase ions. We add microsolvation calculations to assess the interaction sites and energies between the biomolecular ions and gaseous additives. This combined strategy is employed to distinguish conformers and understand the gas-phase structures of two isomeric α-helical peptides that might differ in helicity. Our work allows more stringent structural characterization of biologically relevant molecules (e.g., peptide drugs) and large biomolecular ions than using only a single structural methodology in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Wu
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas B Metternich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna S Kamenik
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Prince Tiwari
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Julian A Harrison
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Kessen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstrasse 46, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hasan Akay
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas R Benzenberg
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T-W Dominic Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Ekmekciu L, Hopfgartner G. Liquid chromatography and differential mobility spectrometry-data-independent mass spectrometry for comprehensive multidimensional separations in metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1905-1915. [PMID: 36820908 PMCID: PMC10050028 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of combining drift time ion mobility (DTIMS) with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have been reported for metabolomics but the use of differential time mobility spectrometry (DMS) is less obvious due to the need for rapid scanning of the DMS cell. Drift DTIMS provides additional precursor ion selectivity and collisional cross-section information but the separation resolution between analytes remains cell- and component-dependent. With DMS, the addition of 2-propanol modifier can improve the selectivity but on cost of analyte MS response. In the present work, we investigate the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of a mix of 50 analytes, representative for urine and plasma metabolites, using scanning DMS with the single modifiers cyclohexane (Ch), toluene (Tol), acetonitrile (ACN), ethanol (EtOH), and 2-propanol (IPA), and a binary modifier mixture (cyclohexane/2-propanol) with emphasis on selectivity and signal sensitivity. 1.5% IPA in the N2 stream was found to suppress the signal of 50% of the analytes which could be partially recovered with the use of IPA to 0.05% as a Ch/IPA mixture. The potential to use the separation voltage/compensation voltage/modifier (SV/CoV/Mod) feature as an additional analyte identifier for qualitative analysis is also presented and applied to a data-independent LCxDMS-SWATH-MS workflow for the analysis of endogenous metabolites and drugs of abuse in human urine samples from traffic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysi Ekmekciu
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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6
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Liu L, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Mei Y, Li L, Liu H, Wang Z, Yang L. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry for the Separation and Characterization of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2023; 95:134-151. [PMID: 36625109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, The Shanghai Key Laboratory for Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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7
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Alhajji E, Boulghobra A, Bonose M, Berthias F, Moussa F, Maître P. Multianalytical Approach for Deciphering the Specific MS/MS Transition and Overcoming the Challenge of the Separation of a Transient Intermediate, Quinonoid Dihydrobiopterin. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12578-12585. [PMID: 36074025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent technological developments in analytical chemistry, separation and direct characterization of transient intermediates remain an analytical challenge. Among these, separation and direct characterization of quinonoid dihydrobiopterin (qH2Bip), a transient intermediate of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4Bip)-dependent hydroxylation reactions, essential in living organisms, with important and varied human pathophysiological impacts, are a clear illustration. H4Bip regeneration may be impaired by competitive nonenzymatic autoxidation reactions, such as isomerization of qH2Bip into a more stable 7,8-H2Bip (H2Bip) isomer, and subsequent nonenzymatic oxidation reactions. The quinonoid qH2Bip intermediate thus plays a key role in H4Bip-dependent hydroxylation reactions. However, only a few experimental results have indirectly confirmed this finding while revealing the difficulty of isolating qH2Bip from H4Bip-containing solutions. As a result, no current H4Bip assay method allows this isomer to be quantified even by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Here, we report isolation, structural characterization, and abundance of qH2Bip formed upon H4Bip autoxidation using three methods integrated into MS/MS. First, we characterized the structure of the two observed H2B isomers using IR photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations. Then, we used differential ion mobility spectrometry to fully separate all oxidized forms of H4Bip including qH2Bip. These data are consistent and show that qH2Bip can also be unambiguously identified thanks to its specific MS/MS transition. This finding paves the way for the quantification of qH2Bip with MS/MS methods. Most importantly, the half-life value of this intermediate is nearly equivalent to that of H4Bip (tens of minutes), suggesting that an accurate method of H4Bip analysis should include the quantification of qH2Bip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskander Alhajji
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Ayoub Boulghobra
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Bonose
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Francis Berthias
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Fathi Moussa
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Maître
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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8
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Applications of ion mobility-mass spectrometry in the chemical analysis in traditional Chinese medicines. Se Pu 2022; 40:782-787. [PMID: 36156624 PMCID: PMC9516353 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
离子淌度质谱(IM-MS)是一种将离子淌度分离与质谱分析相结合的新型分析技术。IM-MS的主要优势不仅是在质谱检测前提供了基于气相离子形状、大小、电荷数等因素的多一维分离,而且能够提供碰撞截面积、漂移时间等质谱信息进而辅助化合物鉴定。近年来,随着IM-MS技术的不断发展,该技术在中药化学成分分析中受到越来越多的关注。首先,IM-MS已成功应用于改善中药复杂成分尤其是同分异构体或等量异位素等成分的分离;其次,IM-MS可通过多重碎裂模式辅助高质量中药小分子质谱信息的获取;此外,IM-MS提供的高维质谱数据信息还可促进中药复杂体系多成分的整合分析。该文在对IM-MS分类和基本原理进行概述的基础上,从分离能力及分离策略、多重碎裂模式、多维质谱数据处理策略3个方面,重点综述了IM-MS在中药化学成分分析中的应用,以期为IM-MS在中药化学成分研究提供参考。
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Ieritano C, Hopkins WS. The hitchhiker's guide to dynamic ion-solvent clustering: applications in differential ion mobility spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20594-20615. [PMID: 36000315 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02540j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights the fundamentals of ion-solvent clustering processes that are pertinent to understanding an ion's behaviour during differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) experiments. We contrast DMS with static-field ion mobility, where separation is affected by mobility differences under the high-field and low-field conditions of an asymmetric oscillating electric field. Although commonly used in mass spectrometric (MS) workflows to enhance signal-to-noise ratios and remove isobaric contaminants, the chemistry and physics that underpins the phenomenon of differential mobility has yet to be fully fleshed out. Moreover, we are just now making progress towards understanding how the DMS separation waveform creates a dynamic clustering environment when the carrier gas is seeded with the vapour of a volatile solvent molecule (e.g., methanol). Interestingly, one can correlate the dynamic clustering behaviour observed in DMS experiments with gas-phase and solution-phase molecular properties such as hydrophobicity, acidity, and solubility. However, to create a generalized, global model for property determination using DMS data one must employ machine learning. In this article, we provide a first-principles description of differential ion mobility in a dynamic clustering environment. We then discuss the correlation between dynamic clustering propensity and analyte physicochemical properties and demonstrate that analytes exhibiting similar ion-solvent interactions (e.g., charge-dipole) follow well-defined trends with respect to DMS clustering behaviour. Finally, we describe how supervised machine learning can be used to create predictive models of molecular properties using DMS data. We additionally highlight open questions in the field and provide our perspective on future directions that can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, N0B 2T0, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, N0B 2T0, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
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10
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Effects of the LC mobile phase in vacuum differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry for the selective analysis of antidepressant drugs in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7243-7252. [PMID: 35976423 PMCID: PMC9482904 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of LC mobile phase composition and flow rate (2–50 µL/min) on mobility behavior in vacuum differential mobility spectrometry (vDMS) was investigated for electrosprayed isobaric antidepressant drugs (AD); amitriptyline, maprotiline, venlafaxine; and structurally related antidepressants nortriptyline, imipramine, and desipramine. While at 2 µL/min, no difference in compensation voltage was observed with methanol and acetonitrile, at 50 µL/min, acetonitrile used for LC elution of analytes enabled the selectivity of the mobility separation to be improved. An accurate and sensitive method could be developed for the quantification of six AD drugs in human plasma using trap/elute micro-LC setup hyphenated to vDMS with mass spectrometric detection in the selected ion monitoring mode. The assay was found to be linear over three orders of magnitude, and the limit of quantification was of 25 ng/mL for all analytes. The LC-vDMS-SIM/MS method was compared to a LC-MRM/MS method, and in both cases, inter-assay precisions were lower than 12.5 and accuracies were in the range 91.5–110%, but with a four times reduced analysis time (2 min) for the LC-vDMS-SIM/MS method. This work illustrates that with vDMS, the LC mobile phase composition can be used to tune the ion mobility separation and to improve assay selectivity without additional hardware.
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11
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Jacquet C, Hopfgartner G. Microflow Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (μLC-MS) Workflow for O-Glycopeptides Isomers Analysis Combining Differential Mobility Spectrometry and Collision Induced and Electron Capture Dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:688-694. [PMID: 35312305 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein O-glycosylation can occur mostly on any serine or threonine and could generate several positional isomers, which may coelute during liquid chromatography (LC) separation, challenging their characterization. Ion mobility has emerged as a technique of interest to separate isomeric compounds. In the different ion mobility techniques, differential ion mobility (DMS) includes the particular interest to tune ion separation by the possible addition of an organic modifier. Different microflow liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (μLC-MS) workflows were investigated for the analysis of a set of four model peptides made of three isomeric glycopeptides and a corresponding nonglycosylated peptide using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), collision induced dissociation (CID), and electron capture dissociation (ECD). Neither DMS nor LC provided sufficient separation of the three isomeric O-glycopeptides while the nonmodified one was clearly separated by LC. The hyphenation of LC with DMS led to differentiating the three glycopeptides, and further detection and characterization (ECD/CID) with a chimeric collision cell were achieved in a single LC run. The position of the modification was determined from ECD data, while CID data characterized the sugar through its distinctive oxoniums ions in the low mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jacquet
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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12
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Demelenne A, Nys G, Nix C, Fjeldsted JC, Crommen J, Fillet M. Separation of phosphorothioated oligonucleotide diastereomers using multiplexed drift tube ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339297. [PMID: 35033277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) was used to separate diastereomers of five-unit oligonucleotides containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 phosphorothioate (PS) linkages. Multiplexed DTIMS (where ions are pulsed into the drift tube according to a pre-encoded sequence) and post-acquisition processing using an innovative demultiplexing tool were investigated. The electric field inside the drift tube was optimized to achieve the highest resolving power. The entrance voltage providing the best two-peak resolution was -1000V with 3-bit multiplexing. Under optimized conditions, the eight diastereomers of an oligonucleotide with three PS linkages (5'-TC∗G∗T∗G-3') could be separated unambiguously. Indeed, those diastereomers differed in their collision cross section (CCS) values. The minimal CCS values difference between two adjacent diastereomers was 0.9% with maximal RSD on CCS values of 0.3%. The use of multiplexed ion mobility and the novel high-resolution demultiplexing tool represents a real breakthrough for resolution enhancement of diastereomers in linear DTIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Demelenne
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gwenael Nys
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Cindy Nix
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Jacques Crommen
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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Sosnowski P, Marin V, Tian X, Hopfgartner G. Analysis of illicit pills and drugs of abuse in urine samples using a 3D-printed open port probe hyphenated with differential mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2022; 147:4318-4325. [PMID: 36040388 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00925k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the application of an in-house developed 3D-printed open port probe (3DP-OPP) with differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sosnowski
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Marin
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xiaobo Tian
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Skeene K, Khatri K, Soloviev Z, Lapthorn C. Current status and future prospects for ion-mobility mass spectrometry in the biopharmaceutical industry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140697. [PMID: 34246790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of protein reagents and biopharmaceuticals is key in defining successful drug discovery campaigns, aimed at bringing molecules through different discovery stages up to development and commercialization. There are many challenges in this process, with complex and detailed analyses playing paramount roles in modern industry. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential tool for characterization of proteins ever since the onset of soft ionization techniques and has taken the lead in quality assessment of biopharmaceutical molecules, and protein reagents, used in the drug discovery pipeline. MS use spans from identification of correct sequences, to intact molecule analyses, protein complexes and more recently epitope and paratope identification. MS toolkits could be incredibly diverse and with ever evolving instrumentation, increasingly novel MS-based techniques are becoming indispensable tools in the biopharmaceutical industry. Here we discuss application of Ion Mobility MS (IMMS) in an industrial setting, and what the current applications and outlook are for making IMMS more mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Skeene
- Biopharm Process Research, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19406, USA.
| | - Zoja Soloviev
- Protein, Cellular and Structural Sciences, Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Cris Lapthorn
- Structure and Function Characterization, CMC-Analytical, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
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15
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Ieritano C, Lee A, Crouse J, Bowman Z, Mashmoushi N, Crossley PM, Friebe BP, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. Determining Collision Cross Sections from Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8937-8944. [PMID: 34132546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The experimental determination of ion-neutral collision cross sections (CCSs) is generally confined to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technologies that operate under the so-called low-field limit or those that enable empirical calibration strategies (e.g., traveling wave IMS; TWIMS). Correlation of ion trajectories to CCS in other non-linear IMS techniques that employ dynamic electric fields, such as differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), has remained a challenge since its inception. Here, we describe how an ion's CCS can be measured from DMS experiments using a machine learning (ML)-based calibration. The differential mobility of 409 molecular cations (m/z: 86-683 Da and CCS 110-236 Å2) was measured in a N2 environment to train the ML framework. Several open-source ML routines were tested and trained using DMS-MS data in the form of the parent ion's m/z and the compensation voltage required for elution at specific separation voltages between 1500 and 4000 V. The best performing ML model, random forest regression, predicted CCSs with a mean absolute percent error of 2.6 ± 0.4% for analytes excluded from the training set (i.e., out-of-the-bag external validation). This accuracy approaches the inherent statistical error of ∼2.2% for the MobCal-MPI CCS calculations employed for training purposes and the <2% threshold for matching literature CCSs with those obtained on a TWIMS platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Crouse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zack Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nour Mashmoushi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Friebe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Bedrock Scientific Inc., Milton, L6T 6J9, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
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16
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Ruskic D, Klont F, Hopfgartner G. Clustering and Nonclustering Modifier Mixtures in Differential Mobility Spectrometry for Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6638-6645. [PMID: 33891812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modifiers provide fast and reliable tuning of separation in differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). DMS selectivity for separating isomeric molecules depends on the clustering modifier concentration, which is typically 1.5-3 mol % ratio of isopropanol or ethanol in nitrogen. Low concentrations (0.1%) of isopropanol were found to improve resolution and sensitivity but at the cost of practicality and robustness. Replacing the single-channel DMS pump with a binary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pump enabled the generation of modifier mixtures at a constant flow rate using an isocratic or gradient mode, and the analytical benefits of the system were investigated considering cyclohexane, n-hexane, or n-octane as nonclustering modifiers and isopropanol or ethanol as clustering modifiers. It was found that clustering and nonclustering modifier mixtures enable optimization of selectivity, resolution, and sensitivity for different positional isomers and diastereoisomers. Data further suggested different ion separation mechanisms depending on the modifier ratios. For 85 analytes, the absolute difference in compensation voltages (CoVs) between pure nitrogen and cyclohexane at 1.5 mol % ratio was below 4 V, demonstrating its potential as a nonclustering modifier. Cyclohexane's nonclustering behavior was further supported by molecular modeling using density functional theory (DFT) and calculated cluster binding energies, showing positive ΔG values. The ability to control analyte CoVs by adjusting modifier concentrations in isocratic and gradient modes is beneficial for optimizing multidimensional LCxDMS-MS. It is fast and effective for manipulating the DMS scanning window size to realize shorter mass spectrometry (MS) acquisition cycle times while maintaining a sufficient number of CoV steps and without compromising DMS separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ruskic
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Frank Klont
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Ieritano C, Rickert D, Featherstone J, Honek JF, Campbell JL, Blanc JCYL, Schneider BB, Hopkins WS. The Charge-State and Structural Stability of Peptides Conferred by Microsolvating Environments in Differential Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:956-968. [PMID: 33733774 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of solvent vapor in a differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) cell creates a microsolvating environment that can mitigate complications associated with field-induced heating. In the case of peptides, the microsolvation of protonation sites results in a stabilization of charge density through localized solvent clustering, sheltering the ion from collisional activation. Seeding the DMS carrier gas (N2) with a solvent vapor prevented nearly all field-induced fragmentation of the protonated peptides GGG, AAA, and the Lys-rich Polybia-MP1 (IDWKKLLDAAKQIL-NH2). Modeling the microsolvation propensity of protonated n-propylamine [PrNH3]+, a mimic of the Lys side chain and N-terminus, with common gas-phase modifiers (H2O, MeOH, EtOH, iPrOH, acetone, and MeCN) confirms that all solvent molecules form stable clusters at the site of protonation. Moreover, modeling populations of microsolvated clusters indicates that species containing protonated amine moieties exist as microsolvated species with one to six solvent ligands at all effective ion temperatures (Teff) accessible during a DMS experiment (ca. 375-600 K). Calculated Teff of protonated GGG, AAA, and Polybia-MPI using a modified two-temperature theory approach were up to 86 K cooler in DMS environments seeded with solvent vapor compared to pure N2 environments. Stabilizing effects were largely driven by an increase in the ion's apparent collision cross section and by evaporative cooling processes induced by the dynamic evaporation/condensation cycles incurred in the presence of an oscillating electric separation field. When the microsolvating partner was a protic solvent, abstraction of a proton from [MP1 + 3H]3+ to yield [MP1 + 2H]2+ was observed. This result was attributed to the proclivity of protic solvents to form hydrogen-bond networks with enhanced gas-phase basicity. Collectively, microsolvation provides analytes with a solvent "air bag," whereby charge reduction and microsolvation-induced stabilization were shown to shelter peptides from the fragmentation induced by field heating and may play a role in preserving native-like ion configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Featherstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Bedrock Scientific, Milton L6T 6J9, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
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18
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Abstract
This paper aims to cover the main strategies based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for the analysis of biological samples. The determination of endogenous and exogenous compounds in such samples is important for the understanding of the health status of individuals. For this reason, the development of new approaches that can be complementary to the ones already established (mainly based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry) is welcomed. In this regard, ion mobility spectrometry has appeared in the analytical scenario as a powerful technique for the separation and characterization of compounds based on their mobility. IMS has been used in several areas taking advantage of its orthogonality with other analytical separation techniques, such as liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, or supercritical fluid chromatography. Bioanalysis is not one of the areas where IMS has been more extensively applied. However, over the last years, the interest in using this approach for the analysis of biological samples has clearly increased. This paper introduces the reader to the principles controlling the separation in IMS and reviews recent applications using this technique in the field of bioanalysis.
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19
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Wu R, Chen X, Wu WJ, Wang Z, Hung YLW, Wong HT, Chan TWD. Fine adjustment of gas modifier loadings for separation of epimeric glycopeptides using differential ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8751. [PMID: 32048371 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ri Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yik-Ling Winnie Hung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hei-Tung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - T-W Dominic Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
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20
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Berthias F, Wang Y, Alhajji E, Rieul B, Moussa F, Benoist JF, Maître P. Identification and quantification of amino acids and related compounds based on Differential Mobility Spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:4889-4900. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00377h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A new metabolite descriptor allowing fast quantification for the diagnosis of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Berthias
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Yali Wang
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Eskander Alhajji
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Bernard Rieul
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Fathi Moussa
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Lipides
- Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques
- Châtenay-Malabry
- France
| | - Philippe Maître
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Physique
- Orsay
- France
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